Jfpu "Hh >Sa ^^^SUSQUEHANNA-C .JUNIATA VAUEYS PBNNSYLmNIA * tetH ILLUStRATIOI^ InittprHttg nf Ptttahurglj "Darlington Memorjal Library OIIaHB <^1^..\'^1 saok- 5.3....B.ie, £^ 0*- . . /'"■ s^ ■ &^^ , -4 ■:^ ■■:.£■ Wv"'; -^i' :;f;- ^ v,!^ iS"" _^ ■>^ *^4 ^. 'C?'" "* Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from University of Pittsburgh Library System http://www.archive.org/details/historyofthatpar02elli HISTORY OF THAT PART OP THE SQUEHANNA AND JUNIATA VALLEYS EMBRACED IN THE COUNTIES OF MIFFLIN, JUNIATA, PERRY, UNION AND SNYDER, IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSY'LVANIA. i ) 3 3 S IN TVV^O VOLUMES. VOL.. II. PHILADELPHIA: EVEHTiS. PECK & RICHAKDS. 1886. Copyright, 188f>, by Everts, Peck & Ktchards. JAS. if. RODGKltS I'ltlNTlNG 'OMl'ANV. I'lIH.APr.T.l'HIA. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. PEERY COUNTY. Chapter 1 895-905 Chapter XVI . . . Civil History — Coimty l.irgnnized — County-Seat Con- 1 Dnnoannon Boiunj^li. t*st — Pnblic Buildings — Election Districts — Civil List, 1820-1825— PopnUition. Chapter II 905-916 Bench aud Bar uf Perry LVumty. Chapter III 916-934 Physieiiins ol Perry County — .Sketeli of Medical St> ciety. Chapter IV 934-943 EtluL-ational Progress— Ttnu*liers' in:r(itute— County Superintendents. Chapter V 943-962 Borougli of New Blui>mrieM. Chapter XVIT. . . Centre Township. PAGE 1074-1083 1083-1091 Chapter YI . . . . Tyrone Township. 962-980 Chapter VII 980-985 Landisbnrg Burougli. Chapter VIII 985-996 Tohoyne Townslnp. Chapter IX 996-1008 Jackson Township. Chapter X 1008-1033 JMadison Towushiii. Chapter XI 1033-1046 Saville Township. Chapter XII 1046-1057 Carntll Township. Chapter XIII 1057-1062 Rye Township. Chapter XIV 1062-1067 Boronch of Marysville. Chapter XV 1067-1074 Penn Township. Chapter XVIII 1091-1096 Wheatfield Townsliip. Chapter XIX 1096-1105 Juniiita Township. Chapter XX 1105-1110 Tusearora Township. Chapter XXI 1110-1114 Liverpool Township. Chapter XXII 1114-1121 Liverpool BoroUjxli. Chapter XXIII 1121-1126 Newport Borough. Chapter XXIV 1126-1131 Oliver Township. Chapter XXV n;'.l-1134 .Aliller Townsliii>. Chapter XXVI 1134-1140 Greenwood Town-^hip. Chapter XXVIl 1140-1142 Millerstown Borough. Chapter XXVIII 1142-1145 Buffalo Township. Chapter XXIX 1145-1162 Spring Townsliip. Chapter XXX 11(J2-11(>4 Howe Township. Chapter XXXI nr,4-lir,8 Watts Township. Chapter XXXII 1108-1170 New Butfalo Borough. CONTENTS. UNION COUNTY. Chapter I 1171-1183 Erection of Northumberland sind Union Counties — Tlie Officers' Land AsKOciation— County-Seat and County Division Contests— Civil List of Union- Population. Chapter II 1183-1226 Bench and Bar. Chapter III 1226-1234 Medical Profession. Chapter IV 1234-1239 Ai;ri<'nltiiral Matters— A Ciuinty Society — Bnttalo Viilley Farmers' RTiitual Fire Assuciatinii. Chapter V 1239-1292 Borough of Lewishiirgh. Chapter VI 1292-1310 Buffalo T'lunship. Chapter VII 1310-1320 East. Biiffhio T'lHiisliip. Chapter VIII 1320-1330 Union Township. Chapter IX 1330-1340 Kelly Township. Chapter X 1340-1354 White fteer Township. Chapter XI 1354-1362 West Biiffiili.T..wnsliip. Chapter XII 1362-1379 Milflint>nrii Borough. Chapter XIII 1379-1397 Hnrlley Tmvnsliip. Chapter XIV 1397-1399 Biiroiigli of Hartleton. Chapter XV 1399-1407 Lewi^ Tnwnsliip. Chapter XVI 1407-1415 BnTc.iiirli i>( Nph Berlin. C;h AFTER XVII 1415-1420h Lime>it.one Tinvii^hip. Chapter XVIII 1420h-1420r , Gregg Township. SNYDEE COUNTY. Chapter I 1421-1424 Organization — (Uvil HisliMy— Roster uf Ulticors, 18,W to 1SS,5— Po|Milnlion. Chapter IT 1424-1443 Ronili nnii l.ar of 8nyilor Connty— Biogrnpliical Sl;et.^Iios. Chapter III 1443-1460 Medical Profession of Snyder County — A Successful Pioneer Phy.sician— County Medical Society — Bio- graphical Sketches. Chapter IV 1460-1465 Eilncvilion.'d Matters— C'onto.st on Snlionl .Measures — County 8u]>erintondents. Chapter V 1465-1468 The ('nunty .\,iirii-iiltural Society and Crangcs. Chapter VI 1468-1490 The Boroiin'h of Seliu's drove. Chapter VII 1490-1497 The Horougli ol lliikilehnrg. Chapter VIII 1497-1504 I'cnn Tii;\iisliip. Chapter IX 1504-1514 l"leaver 'I'ownsliip. Chapter X 1514-1518 West Beaver Township. Chapter XI 1518-1522 Centre Townsliip. Chapter XII 1522-1527 Perry 'l'(»«'ustii]i. Chapter XIII 1527-1530 West l^erry 'I'ownsliip. C^hapter XIV 1530-1547 Washington Townslii)', Chapter XV 1547-1554 chapman Township. Chapter XVI 1554-1557 MiilJle Creel; 'I'ownship, Chapter XVII 1557-1569 Frauldin Township. Chapter XVIII 156!t-1572 Jaeksou 'IVwnsliiii. Chapter XIX 1572-1576 Union Townsliip. Chapter XX 1576-1580 Monroe Township. Chapter XXI 1580-1586 Adams Township. Chapter XXII 1586-1590 Spring Townsliip. ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOL. IL PA (.IK Alienuiu, Samuel l-i:V2 Backus, W. II HrjO Beiiver, George ll.'ilt Beaver, Thomas I.'i2(i Biagman, Jacob 1583 Burner, Jacob 1112 Boyer, Daniel S 14)j4 Bucber. J. C .. H91 Cameiuii, William _ 12t;o Church, First, of Delia's drove 147ii Court-Hijuse, Perry County 900 Court-House, Snykunst, C 1420r Gundy, Jacob 12:1(5 Hassinger, Joseph ir)89 Ilassinger, J. S 15r8 Ilench, Nicholas 1044 Himmelreich, George W 1307 Hoffa, Cyrus 1198 Holnian, M. B 1120 I PAGE Ilower, Charles i4:jr, .lackson, W. \V iqcg Johnston, Alexander. 995 Jubiiston, George 994 Jinikin. B. F 909 J^i'^tler. D 1031 Kb ckner, l»avid 1362 Liuculii, Richard V. B 1397 Liuii, Janiea F 1210 Linn, J. IMeirill 12I6 Loomis, J. It 128(3 Map of Lewisburgh 104,) Marshall, James 1195 Sbliityre, Charles J. T 912 McCIure, A. K io2s Sliddlcswarth, Abram K 1515 Middleswarth, Ner 14.J5 Milhken, 1>. B o23 Miller, Charles 1500 Miller, Enocli.. VMS Miller, George F 1212 MiHsionary Institute 1470 Morgan, John E 1,139 Mortimer, Frank 901 Motzer, Martin io32 Moyer, J. G ispS Oake-s, John H 1420o Pawling, S. B 13^11 Pellnian, Oliver K 1420g Pellman, Samuel 1420f ILLUSTRATIONS. PACK Pontius, Emilnni'l 123K Pontius, .lohii N 1311") Itengler, Daniel I:!II3 Rouse, John 104G Schaffle, Dr. S. W. W 12.S8 Schnure, Georgi- 148(1 Sfh.icli, G. Alfred ... H'.H'. Sclioch, .lolin A : l.'iia Slmffer, .John W 12iiJ Shiliellimy's 1.332 Sliin.lel .1. G. L 1428 Shrinei, .Idseph W 1300 Singer, J. E 920 Sliler^Eli 12011 Smilli, .1. A 1430 Snyiler, Governor S 1478 Snyder, Mi88 Blurv K 1480 Snyder Mansion 1481 Spech, Moses 1513 PA OF. Sponsler, W. A 911 Springniaii, Augustus 1540 Stiidden, William 1.3,50 Striikler, M. B 927 Toomey, Emanuel 1104 Tre.s5lor, Colonel John 971 University of Lewisburgh 1283 Wagenseller, B. F 1453 Wagenseller, V. R U47 Wagner, George A 1161 Walls, John 1196 Weiser, George B., Jr 1458 Weist, John 1044 Willard, Rev. Philip 974 Witmor, Daniel 1427 Wolfe, Charles S 1218 Wright, Silas 941 Yoder, Moses . 1348 HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Civil History — The County Organized— Couuty-Seat Contest— Public Buildings — Klectiun Districts — Civil List, 1820-86— ropulaliou. Perry County was erected by act of Legis- lature approved Marcli 22, 1820. Its territory wa'S the soutliern part of the Indian purchase of July 6, 1754, and was separated from old Cum- berland County by the "Kittoehtinny," or Blue Hills. The land of the New Purchase was all embraced in Cumberland County, and the north- ern part was formed into counties, of which ; Mifflin (1789) was the last, many years before Perry was organized. The territory, at the time of the formation of Perry, was embraced in seven townships, of which Tyrone was erected in 1754; "Toboine," 1762 ; Rye, 1766; Green- wood, 1767; Juniata, 179-3; Buffalo, 1798; and Seville, in 1817. These townships were all set- tled before any movement was made to form a . new county. The increasing population of the i territory, the distance from the county-seat ; (Carlisle) and the high range of mountains they were compelled to cross combined to induce the inhabitants to present petitions to the Legisla- ture of the State, asking for a county to be formed from the territory north of the Blue Hills. • The matter was considered, and resulted : in the passage of an act erecting part of Cum- berland County into a separate county, to be called " Perry," which -was approved by the Governor March 22, 1820. Section 1 enaclod that "from and after the first day of September, 1820, all that part of Cumberland County lying north of the Blue Mountain, beginning on the summit of the Blue Mountain, where the Franklin County line crosses the same, and running thence along the summit thereof an eastwardly course to the river Sujquehanna ; thence up the west side of the same to the line of Mifflin (now Juniata) County ; thence along the Miffliu County line to the Juuiata river; thence along the summit of the Tuscarora Mountains to the Franklin County line; thence along the Franklin county line to the place of beginnino-, be and the same is hereby declared to be erected into a separate county to be called Perry." Section 9 authorized the Governor, before tlie 1st day of September following, "to appoint three disin- terested persons, not resident in the county of Cum- berland or Perry, whose duty it should be to select a proper and convenient site for a court-house, prison and county offices, within the limits of the county of Perry, as near the centre as circumstances should admit, having regard to convenience of roads', terri- tory, population and accommodation of the people of the territory,'' and provided that, "having viewed the relative advantages contemplated by the People, thev should report on or before September 1 following, and they, or a majority, should describe and limit the site or lots of land they had chosen, and transmit such report to the Governor." Section 10 authorized that " the Commissioners of the County take a deed of the lot chosen as the county site, and also authorized them to assess, levy and collect money to build a court-house and prison." Section 16 provided that "all prisoners of Perry County be kejit in the Cumberland County Jail for the term of three years, or until the Commissioners of Perry County shall have certified to the Court that a Jail is erected and approved bv the Court and Grand Jury." Section 19 provided that "the poor-house estab- lishment (which was included in the County of Perry) should continue to be conducted as heretofore for the term of four years from and after the passage of this act, and at the expiration of the four years the Commissioners of Cumberland County shall remove their paupers into their own County." Contest F(jr Location of County-Seat, 81)5 896 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. — The commissioners appointed by the Gover- nor to locate a site for the county-seat of Perry were William Beale, David Maclay and Jacob Bucher. A strife began among the citizens concerning the locations and the places, contending for it were as follows : "1, Landisburg ; 2, (Cedar Run) Toboyne township ; 3, Douglas's, near Greenpark ; 4, EUiottsburg; 5, Power's (Captain William); 6, Casper Lupfer's; 7, George Barnett's ; 8, Reider's Ferry (Newport) ; 9, Across Juniata from Millerstown ; 10, Clark's Ferry." Four separate commissions were appointed before it was finally settled. Meetings were held over the county objecting to sites selected and petitions in protest were sent to those having authority. Landisburg started a subscription list, a copy of which is here given : "We, the undersigned, feeling a deep interest in the location of the public buildings in the County of Perry, being desirous that the same may be fixed in Landisburg, believing that no scite has or can be of- fered so near the centre of said County and of the population thereof, which also embraces the import- ant advantages contemplated in the Act of Assembly erecting said County, to wit, the intersection of roads and the convenience and the accommodation of the people, generally, believing also that a liberal sub- scription towards defraying the expense of the public buildings would extend that accommodation by light- ening the burden of taxes upon the poorer class of citizens and thereby relieving the great inconvenience which they would sutfer from an increase of taxes, during the present extraordinary dilficulties and em- barrassments under which they labour, and that the advantages arising from the division, and erection of the county would be equalized, by throwing the bur- den of the expense for buildings upon those who will be more immediately benefited thereby, and thus give general satisfaction to the citizens of the county, and confiding in the judgment and integrity of the Commissioners appointed by his Excellency, the Governor, to fix the scite for said buildings, do hereby agree and obligate ourselves to pay unto the Commis- sioners, who may be duly elected at the general elec- tion in October next, within three years from the date hereof, in yearly or quarterly payments, as the said County Commissioners may direct, the sum or sums annexed to our several names respectively or to fur- nish materials for the public buildings, or labour for their erection, according to our respective subscrip- tions. The time of payment to be computed from the thirteenth day of June, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and twenty, and the Subscriptions to be bind- ing and obligatory only in case and provided the scite for the aforesaid buildings shall be fixed iu Landis- burg." " SUBSCRIPTIONS. " William Parven $100 Jacob Stroop 100 Samuel A. Anderson 100 Martin Swartz 50 Jacob Fritz 50 Abraham Fulwiler, to pay in hailing, Labour & Materials 50 John Diven 30 Henry Wingert 20 Andrew Mat eer.... 20 Rees Cadwnllader 5 Abraham Kistler, Jr 10 William Charters 10 William Smith, in work 10 John Ross 10 George Waggoner 100 Joseph Wilson 20 Thomas Craighead, Jr 10 Jesse Ewen 10 John Abercrombie 3 Samuel Stroop, in materials 100 John Kennedy 2 Fred Linthurst 3 Samuel Ross 5 John Foose, Jr 5 Henry Guss 4 Leonhart Keek 25 Howland Cautz 20 Henry Hohenshilt 10 William G. Kennedy 10 William AVilson 50 Abraham Bear 20 Abraham Shade 50 Joseph H. Kennedy 25 Daniel Stambaugh 50 George Fry 25 Jonathan D. Elbarger 50 Jon.athan Ross 10 John Parball 25 Jacob Stambaugh 50 Benjamin Bosler 10 Henry Hippie 10 Samuel Linn, in work 50 Henry Lightner 00 Allen Nesbett 50 Amos Cadwallader 25 Joseph McKan 20 Christian Lemon 15 Francis Patterson 15 John Colhoon 15 Henry Titsel 30 Peter Bower 15 Conrad Hallman 10 Samuel Misser 3 Conrad Correle 3 PEERY COUNTY. 897 George Bloom 2 Robert Welch 10 Samuel McGaughey 10 Nathaniel C. Winston 10 SIGIC' Toboyne township presented the following subscription. It is thought the location here intended was near what is now known as Cedar Run, iu Madisau township : "We, the subscribers hereunto annexed, do bind ourselves, our heirs and assigns, to pay unto the per- son or persons legally authorized to receive the same, the sums set opposite to our respective names — pro- vided the offer is accepted & the site for the seat of Justice is finally fixed as offered by Helfenstine & Ury, in Toboyne township, Perry County, and said sums we do obligate ourselves, our heirs and assigns to pay in three equal installments — the first payment to be paid on the first day of April, 1821. The balance in two equal annual installments from said first day of April, 1821. " ToBOYXE Township, June 22, 1820. "Ury & Helfenstine $500 Abraham Bower 400 William Owings 300 Joseph McCIintock 100 Henry Ernest 100 Samuel McCord 100 John & .Jacob Beaver 100 Owen Bruner 100 George Douglas 200 Thomas Addams 100 Jas. Morrison 100 George Hollenbough oO George Gutshall 50 Solomon Bower 50 John Clark 50 James Johnston 50 George Black 50 John Stambaugh 50 HenrT.- Wentz 20 Jacob Briner '. 20 John Garber 25 Conrad Hollenbough 20 Conrad Ernest 50 [German name] 15 Allen Nesbit 50 Nicklas Borrall 100 Robert Adams 30 Michael Kern 7 .Ja's Adams (low'r) 25 [German name] 20 Jno. Maxwell 75 "This subscription is all good, and we have no ob- jection on condition that the seat of Justice is fixed, •57 as within stated, that it be made a condition that Five thousand Dollars be advanced towards the public buildings according to the conditions within stated and any addition requisite to this subscription we guarantee payment. Helfenstine & Ury. " Five thousand dollars." The following was oifered by Casper Lupfer, who then lived on the William A. Sponsler farm, near Bloomficld : "Proposals by Casper Lupfer to the Commissioners for the scite of Justice in and for Perry County. "To the Honorable William Beals Esquire David M'Clay Esquire and Jacob Bucher Esquire Commis- sioners apointed by the Govenor of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania to view that part of Cumber- land County lying north of the blue J[ountain which is to Constitute the County of Perry in the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania after the first day of Septem- ber next and there in fix upon a proper and conven- ient Scite for a Court house prison and County ofiices, within the aforesaid County of Perry. I Casper Lup- fer having a Plan in the centre or thereabouts suita- ble in my opinion for the scite of Justice in and for Perry County. I there fore invite your Honorable Body to come and view the scite for the Court House prison and County ofiices on My Plantation aforesaid and if you can think with me that my scite is suitable for the Court House prison and County offices. I do here by bind myself my heirs Executors and adminis- trators firmly by these Presents that I will Make and Execute a deed of Conveyance to the Commissioners of Perry County or to any person or persons lawfuly authorized to Receive the title for the Scite for the Court House prison and County ofiices, Grattis and without any fee or Reward what Ever to be for the only jjroper use benefit and behoof of the County of Perry for ever, whith a warantee there unto anexed to warrant and define the above said scite for the Court House prison and County offices, the Right of the above said Tract of Land is on a patent granted to Jacob Lupfer tested the fifteenth day of may in the year of our lord one thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Eight and of the Commonwealth the Twelfth and now Confirmed to me the said Casper Lupfer. But if by some unknown Circumstance I shall not be able to Make and Execute a deed of Conveyance in My life Time so as aforesaid. I hereby impower and direct my Heirs Executors and administrators to Execute a deed of Conveyance for the above said scite for the Court House prison and County offices with out recovering any fee or Considera- tion for the same for the only proper use and behoft' for the County of Perry for ever in witness whore of I have here unto set my hand and seal the 16 day of august in the year of our lord one thou- sand eight Hundred and Twenty and the Common- wealth the forty fifth ' Casper Lupfer [seal.] 898 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA. "Signed sealed and delivered to the Commissioners aforesaid in presents of " Matthew McBride " Wm Power Jr." A. Addanis, W. Waugh, J. Purcell, C. North, W. North and Benjamin Leasse, inhabitants of Millerstown and vicinity, offered a site on a farm in Raccoon Valley, opposite Millerstown, then owned by Henry Lease. The commissioners, after spending twelve days in examining sites offered, decided upon a site about two miles west of Bloomfield, on the farm of William Powers. Their report is as follows: " Courses and distances of the lines ran by the Com- missioners, Ac, in locating the site for Public Buildings in Perry County, Aug't 17th, 1820. " Located for Court House and County office — Begin- ning at the Willow tree nearest the house of Wm. Power, thence S. 68 W. 87 perches to a corner on a street ; thence " N 22 W 15 perches & 111 feet to Corner of Public Ground, thence " S 68 feet to a post ; " N 22 W 180 fefet post ; "N 63 E 160 feet post; " S 22 E 180 feet post & beginning. " For Jail — From the last post mentioned & N 22 W 20 feet across an alley to a post, thence " N 22 W 180 feet to post & stones, "S 68 W 160 to Chestnut post, " S 22 E 180 to post & stones, " N 68 E 160 to forementioned |)lace of Beginning, excluding the alley." On the back of this bit of paper are indorse- ments as follows : " David Maclay, W^. Maclay, W. Beales, & J. Buchcr, Commissioners, &c., Gentlemen." These commissioners met first in June, 1820, and made their selection August 16, 1820. A public meeting was held August 26, 1820, at Landisburg, in protest against this action. A resolution passed at the meeting opposed the site as a place having no intersection of roads, no direct intercourse with adjacent counties, destitute of good water, good mills or even mill- seats. At the meeting of the next Legislature the citizens of the county asked for another commis- sion, whicli was granted by an act passed April 2, 1821, which provided for their ajjpointment before May 1, 1821, and directed that they should examine sites and make their report on or before June 1st. They were appointed and located a site at Reider's (now Newport), at -which indignation meetings were held in different parts of the county protesting against the location at that place, it being seven miles from the centre of the county. In consequence of the protest, an act was passed and approved March 11, 1822, in which Moses Rankin, of York, James Hind- man, of Chester, Peter Frailey, of Schuylkill, David Fullerton, of Franklin, and James Agnew, of the county of Bedford, M'ere appointed commissioners to select a site for the county-seat, and report on or before June 1, 1822. These commissioners decided upon Landis- burg as the county-seat. Four days later (June 5th) a meeting of the citizens of five eastern townships Avas held at the house of John Koch (Blue Ball, Juniata township), when Frazer Montgomery, John Harper and William Waugh were chosen to dr.ift an address to the citizens of the county on the subject. The address recited at length the reasons why the county-seat should not be located at Landis- burg, which was within three miles of the Cum- berland Comity line, and closed by reciting that the selection was unjust to the county at large. On the 16th of October, 1822, a meeting of the citizens of Juniata and Buffalo townships was held at the house of Meredith Darlington for discussing the merits of county-seats. Francis McCowen was appointed chairman and Wil- liam Power, Jr., secretary. Resolutions were passed favoring the site first located in Lime- stone Valley, at William Power's, which is situated in the centre of the county. A petition was drawn up, which stated that three different commissions had been ap- pointed under acts of Legislature, and the last commi.ssion had moved the location to Lan- disburg, eight miles to the west of the centre of the county, within three miles of the Cumber- land County line, and a distance of thirty -four miles from the eastern settlement. It further requested that the site be where selected by the first commissioners, which was stated to be PERRY COUNTY. 899 "the admitted centre of territory and population as near as eircuiustances will admit." On the 16th of JSTovember, 1822, a meeting was held at the house of John Fritz (Bark Tavern), in Rye township, for the purpose of electing delegates to recommend to the citizens of that and other townsiiips to elect on Decem- ber 7th (election-day) two citizens in each town- ship, to meet at the house of John Fritz ou the 10th of December, to designate a certain place for a seat of justice, and draft a petition for the citizens to sign. No information is obtained as to the meeting December 10th, but that some attention was given to it is shown Ijy the fact tliat on the 23d of December in that year Mr. Mitchell, a member of the Legislature, presented to the House twenty-one petitions, signed by eight hundred inhabitants of the county, praying that the seat of justice in the county might be fixed ■where the first commission advised. The commissioners had made a report, and the bill for the confirmation thereof came before the House, on Monday, the 24tli of February, 1823, and after considerable discussion passed a first z-eading. On Tuesday it came up for a second reading, when Mr. Todd pro]JOsed a substitute for the bill, otfering Barnett's Farm instead of Landisburg. A vote was called, which resulted in thirty yeas and fifty-six nays ; thus the pro- position was defeated. The bill was killed in the Senate by the introduction of a bill for another view. A fourth commission was appointed by the Governor, under an act i)assed March 31, 1823, composed of the following persons : Joseph Huston, of Fayette ; Abner Leaeock, of Beaver ; Cromwell Peai'ce, of Chester ; Henry Sheets, of Montgomery ; and Dr. Phineas Jenks, of Bucks County. These commissioners agreed to meet at the house of Meredith Darlington on Wednesday, the 28th of May. At the appointed time ]\Iessrs. Leaeock, Pearce, Sheets and Jenks met at Mr. Darlington's. The weather being stormy, they did not proceed to business until Friday. On that day they arrived at Landisbui-g, when, after tarrying a few hours and walking around the town and not findings the three first-located sites satisfactory, and disagreeing with all the former commissioners, on Monday, June 2, 1823, they decided to locate the seat of justice on the farm of Mr. George Barnett, in Juniata township, within about two miles from Captain William Powers', the first-located site. The report was made to the Governor, and in January, 1824, the bill was brought before the House, when Mr. Jacob Huggins, then a member from Perry County, presented nine petitions for confirmation of the site selected by tlie last commissioners, and nine petitions for the site at Landisburg. On the 5th of Feb- ruary, 1824, he again presented petitions, nine for the last site and seven for Landisburg. On February 27th, he presented seven petitions for Landisburg and one for the last-chosen site. At this time he stated he had leave to withdraw the petitions of Abraham Reider and William Powei'. The acts of Legislature published fail to show an act confirming the report of the last commis- sion ; but that it was confirmed is plain from the fact that on the 12th of April, 1824, George Barnett conveyed to the commissioners of Perry County eight acres and one hundred and thirty- six perches of land, wdiich was located as the county site by the commissioners appointed un- der the act of March 31, 1823. The commis- sioners of Perry County, in accordance with Section 10 of the act, secured of George Bar- nett, a deed for the property selected, bearing date April 12, 1824, and, on the 17th of May, 1824, the commissionere of the county, Robert Elliot, John Maxwell and Samuel Linn, adver- tised that twenty-five lots on the public ground would be sold at public vendue, Wednesday, June 2.3d. County Buildings. — On the 7th of July, in that year, the commissioners advertised for proposals from carjienters, masons and others for the erection of a stone prison, thirty-two by fifty feet, with walls two and a half feet thick, and two stories in height, with four rooms on the lower floor and six on the upper. The contract was awarded to John Rice for two thousand four hundred dollars. The jail was finished in 1825, and cost, complete, §2625.06. 900 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. On the 11th of April, 1825, the commis- sioners, Samuel Linn, Robert Mitchell and Abraham Bower, advertised to receive propo- sals until August 30th. for building a court- house, of brick, forty-five by forty-five feet, in New Bloomfield. The contract was awarded to John Rice in August, 1825, but the contract was not drawn until September 28th. It was later decided to make the walls higher than in- tended in the original plan and also to add a cupola. It was completed in the winter of 1826-27, and at a cost of four thousand two hundred and forty dollars. On the Lst of October, 1827, a contract was made with John Hippie to build a stone wall inclosing a yard at the jail, for nine hundred and fifty dollars, which was completed in 1828. The courts were held at Landisburg, in a large log house on Carlisle Street, which be- longed to Allen Nesbitt, who rented it to the county for fifty dollars per year. The offices were held in the houses of the different officials. The register's and recorder's office was moved to New Bloomfield on the 6th of March, 1827. The prothonotary, sheriff' and tre;isurer's offices were moved to the new county-seat March 12th and 13th, and the first court was held in the court-house on the 2d of April, 1827, since which time courts have been held regularly at New Bloomfield. The court-house was used, with occasional re- pairs, until 1868, when, by action of the grand jury and the court, the commissioners were au- thorized to enlarge it. On April 25, 1868, the commissioners resolved to carry out the recom- mendation of court, and Luther M. Simons, architect, of Harrisburg, was invited to meet the commissioners May 12th, at which time he was instructed to draw a plan to enlarge the court-house by an addition to the north end and to rearrange the interior. A plan was decided upon, and, on the 8th of June, an-angements were made with the trustees of the Presbyterian Church for the use of the basement of the church for offices of the prothonotary, recorder and register while the court-house was under- going alterations. The Methodist Church was also engaged as the place for holding court. The commissioners superintended the enlarge- ment, contracted for material and labor, and completed the entire work at a cost of $25,219.- PERRY COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. 60, including the town-clock, of which three hundred dollars was subscribed by the citizens. The ]>oor of Cumberland County were kept in the alms-house of Perry County for four years, as directed in Section 1 9, at the expira- tion of which time they were removed. An account of the alms-house is here given from the time of its establishment as the alms-house of Cumberland County. Alms-House. — The directors of the poor and of the House of Employment of Cumber- land County, on the 12th of April, 1810, pur- chased of Adam Bernheisel, of Tyrone township, one hundred and twelve acres of land, which were warranted in 1763 to William McClure. The amount agreed upon was $5196.36. The directors, on the 8th of Octolier in the same year, contracted with Robert Cree to erect the mason work of a building for one thousand nine hun- dred dollars; with (jeorge Libcy for the car- penter work for one thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars; and with Thomas Redding to do the plastering for two hunilred and thirty dol- lars. The building then erected, at a cost of three thousand nine hundred and eighty dollars. PERRY COUxNTY. 901 was located east of the present one, and was transferred to Perry County upon its erection, in 1820. The poor of Cumberland County were however, kept there until about 1826. The brick house erected by Adam Beruheisel in 1806 was used as a dwelling by the steward. The pres- ent barn was built in 1835. The almshouse was destroyed by fire in 1839 and rebuilt by Samuel Shuman. This house was in use until the erection of the present building, in 1871. It is of brick, four stories in height and has about seventy rooms. It is provided with iron stairways and its partitions are all of brick. Heat is supplied by a furnace in the basement. The grounds are finely laid out and the build- ing is kept in good condition. The building with all its appointments, cost about sixt}' thou- sand dollars. George Hackett was the first steward after the building and land passed to Perry County. The stewards who served since April, 1838, are as follows: Daniel Minnich, 1840; Benjamin Rice, 1844; H. Kleckner, 1851; Benjamin Balthauser, 1852 ; Jacob Balthauser, 1855; Sam- uel P. Campbell, 1858; Thomas W. Morrow, 1860; John Hopple, 1863; Jeremiah Minnich, 1867; Joseph S. Bistline, 1870; J. B. Trostle, 1875; Henry P. Lightner, 1871); T. P. Osner, 1882; P. G. Kell, which last is the present steward. The institution has at present about seventy inmates. Election Districts. — The Provincial Con- ference held in Carpenter's Hall, June 18 to 25, 1776, in accordance with a resolution of the Continental Congress of May 15, 1776, in refer- ence to election of representatives from each county, divided the counties in districts. Cum- berland County was made into three districts ; the Third was composed of the townships of Ty- rone, Toboyne, Rye, Milford, Greenwood, Ar- magh, Lack, Derry and Fermanagh. The elec- tion was to be held at the house of Robert Camp- bell, in Tuscarora Valley (now in Juniata Coun- ty). It will be noticed that this district em- braced what is now Perry, Juniata and Mitflin Counties. The act of June, 1777, divided Cum- berland into four election districts; the Third was composed of the townships of Tyrone, Toboyne, and Rye, and elections were to be held at the house of William jNIeClure, Esq., in Tyrone (almshouse farm). Greenwood township was in the Fourth District, with voting-place at James Purdy's, in Fermanagh township (near Jericho, Juniata County.) The following on this subject is from an ar- ticle read before the Historical Society by Hon. William H. Sponsler: "By the act of September 13, 1785, entitled 'An act to regulate the general elections of this Common- wealth, and to prevent frauds therein,' the State was re-districted, and voting-places fixed in each district. Cumberland County was thrown into four districts. The First was within her present limits. The Second was composed of the townships of Eye, Tyrone and Toboyne, with the voting-place 'at the house of William McClure, Esq., in the township of Tyrone.' The Third District embraced Greenwood, with the townships of Fermanagh, Milford and Leek (Lack) (now Juniata County), with the voting-place fixed ' at the house of Thomas Wilson (Port Royal), in the township of Milford.' "The citizens of Rye and Greenwood were much inconvenienced by the long distance to the voting- places, especially Greenwood, and petition was made to the Legislature asking relief, which was granted by Act of Legislature September 10, 1787, of which Section IV. is in these words, — ' And whereas, a num- ber of the freemen of the townships of Greenwood and Rye, in the county of Cumberland, have, by their petition, set forth that their distant situation from the place of holding their general elections is found in- convenient, and have, therefore, prayed this General Assembly to enact a law l)y which the said townships shall be made a separate district for the holding of their general elections. Therefore,' etc. "The Fifth Section accordingly erects Rye and Greenwood into the Sixth District of Cumberland, with its voting-place ' at the mill late the property of David English, and known by the name of English's Mill' (at the mouth of BigBuftalo Creek). "By the act of the tilth of September, 1789, this Sixth District was bereft of a portion of the territory, that part of Greenwood lying north of Turkey Hills, which, by an act passed 29th of the same month, was made into a separate election district of Mifflin County. "After Rye was taken from Tyrone and Toboyne, it was found that McClure's, which had, no doubt, been selected with a view to accommodate the Rye township people, as well as the other two townships was inconvenient and the inhabitants asked that a more convenient place be established. The act of September 30, 1791, was enacted to remedy this among others, and the place of election was fixed ' at the house now occupied by George Robinson, in Ty- 902 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. rone township (now Andrew Loys', Madison town- ship). " In 1787 the township of Eye and that part of Greenwood lying south of the Half Falls Mountain were erected into a separate election district, with its voting-place ' at the Union School-House, in the town of Petersburgh, in Rye township.' " The next change made was by the act of March 8, 1802. Juniata, Greenwood and that part of Buffalo township lying north of the Half Falls Mountain had their place of holding elections fixed 'at the house now or lately occupied by William Woods, at Millerstown, in the township of Greenwood.' "By the act of March 21, 1803, the townships of Tyrone and Toboyne, heretofore together, are sepa- rated, each to constitute an election district of itself. Tyrone was to vote ' at the school-house in the town of Landisburg,' and Toboyne ' at the house now occupied by Henry Zimmerman, in said town- ship.' " By the act of February 11, 1805, Buffalo township was made a separate election district, with a voting- place ' at the house now occupied by William Thomp- son, in Buffalo township.' " By the act of March 19, 1810, it was provided that 'The electors residing within the eastern part of Greenwood township to be divided as follows: begin- ing in the narrows of Berris Mountain (Berry's) ; thence westerly above the summit of the said moun- tain, six miles ; thence northerly by a line parallel with the River Susquehanna to the line of Cumber- land County; thence easterly along the said line to said river; thence down said river to the place of beginning shall hold their general elections at the house of Henry Raymon,' now in the present township of Liverpool. " By the 32d Section of the act of 24th of March, 1818, the voting-place of Buffalo was changed to the house of Frederick Deal, in said township, and by the 12th Section of the act of 29th March, 1819, the town- ship of Saville was erected into a separate election district, with voting-place ' at a school-house near Ickesburg, in said township.' In 1820 when the county was stricken off as a new county the election districts and voting-places were as follows; Toboyne, house of Henry Zimmerman ; Tyrone, school-house, Landisburg ; Saville, school- house. North Ickesburg ; Buffalo, house of Frederick Deal ; East Greenwood, house of Henry Raymon ; Rye, Elmon school-house, Petersburg ; Juniata and West Greenwood, W. Wood's House, Millertown. " A change was again made in 1860, and the follow- ing were the places of holding elections : " At the school -house in Germantown District, at Zim- merman's tavern in the lower districtof Toboyne ; at the school-house in Landisburg, for Tyrone township; at the school-house near Ickesburg, for Tyrone ; at .John Koch's tavern, for the northern district of Juniata township ; at the Union school-house near the Meth- odist Church, in Wheatfleld township; at Colonel Bovard's tavern, for Eye township ; at the house of Straw, for Buffalo township ; at the house of John Gardner, Millerstown, for Greenwood township ; at the house of John Eberling, in Liverpool town- shij:). " At this time a new district was made, composed of parts of Juniata, Wheatfleld, Tyrone and Saville townships, bounded as follows: Beginning at the mouth of Little Buffalo creek, in .Juniata township; thence up said creek to the house of John Smith, in Saville township, including said house ; thence by a straight line to the house of Abraham Kistler,in Tyrone township, including said house ; thence by a straight line to Jacob Shatto's saw-mill in said township ; thence down the summit of Iron Ridge to the house of John Greer, in Wheatfleld township, including said house; thence along the summit of Dick's Hill to Johnston's saw-mill, in last said township; thence by astraightline to Dick's Gap, in Juniata township; thence along the summit of the Mahanoy Hill to the house of Alexander Watson, on the bank of the Juniata River, including said house ; thence up said river to the place of be- ginning. " A few years later, as townships were erected, sep- arate election districts were made embracing the townships, and, with the exception of Madison town- ship, each township is an election district to-day. The north end of the latter was cut off into a sepa- rate district called Sandy Hill. Civil List of the CorxTY. — The follow- ing is the civil list of the county of Perry from its organization, as nearly as can be ascer- tained : MEMBERS OF CONGEESS. 1845. James Black. 1862. Joseph Bailey. 1859. Benj. F. Junkiu. 1860. Benj. F. Junkin. 1872. John A. Magee. ST.\TE SENATORS. 1830. Jesse Miller. 1857. Henry Fetter. 1844. Wm. B. Anderson. 1846. Robert G. Stewart. 1851. Joseph Bailey. MEMBERS OF 1820-21. John Fry. 1820-23. F. M. Wads- worth. 1823-26. J. Huggins 1826-28. Jesse Miller. 1828-29. W. M. Power. 1830-32. James Black. 1832-34. Jno. Johnston. 1834-37. F. Rinehart, 1837-38. Wm. Clark. 1868. C. J. T. Mclntire. 1881. Chas. H. Smilev. LEGISLATURE. 1838-41. Wm. B. Ander- son. 1842. George Beaver. 1843-15. Thos.O'Bryan. 1846. Eleazer Owen. 1847-49. John Souder. 1850-52. David Stewart. 1852. David Sheaver. 1854. Thomas Adams. 185.5-56. Kirk Haines. PERRY COUNTY. 903 1857. Chas. C. Brandt. 1858.1 cjjjjg Q Brandt. 1859-60.' John Power. 1861.' Wm. Lowther. 1862.' Jesse Kennedy. 1863. Jdhn A. Magee. 1864. Chas. A. Barnett. 1865-66.^ G. A. Shuman. 1867.2 Geo. A. Shuman. 1868-69.'^ John Shively. 1870-71.= D.B. Milliken 1872-78.= Joseph Shuler! 1874.^ J. H. Sheibley. 1875-76. G. N. Reutter. 1877-78. D.H. Sheibley 1879-82. M. B. Holman. 1883-86. Wm.H.Spous- ler. PROTHOSrOTAEIES.* 1820. 1821. 1824. 1829. 1835. 1839. 1842. 1845. 1848. 1851. 1854. 1857. 1820. 1824. 1830. 1836. 1839. 1842. 1845. 1848. 1851. 1854. Wm. B. Mitchell. Henry Miller. Wm. B. Mitchell. George Stroop. John Boden. Alexander Topley. Alexander Topley. Joseph Miller. Peter Orwan.* James L. Diven. James L. Diven. David Mickey. REGISTERS AXD Benjamin Leas. A. Fuhveiler. Jacob Fritz. John McKeehan. Jere. Madden. John Souder. John Souder. George W. Crane. George W. Crane. Robert Kelley. John Campbell. 1860. James G. Turbett. 1863. John C. Lindsay. . 1864. David Mickey. 1867. Charles H. Smiley. 1870. James J. Sponen- berger. 1873. James J. Sponen- berger. 1876. David Mickey. 1879. Alexander Grosh. 1882. Alexander Grosh. 1885. Jacob E. Bonsell. RECORDERS. 1857. George Spohr. 1860. Samuel Roth. 1863. William Grier. 1866. William Grier. 1869. Thos. J. Sheibley. 1872. Joseph S. Smith. 1875. George S. Briner. 1878. George S. Briner. 1881. Josiah W. Rice. 1884. Joseph S. Smith. SHERIFFS. 1820. Daniel Stambaugh. 1853. 1823. Jesse Miller. 1856. 1826. .Tohn Hippie. J 859. 1829. Josiah Roddy. 1862. 1832. William Lackey. 1865. 18.35. M. Stambaugh. 1868. 1838. Joseph Shuler. 1871. 1841. Alexander Magee. 1874. 1844. Henry Cooper. 1877. 1847. Hugh Campbell. 1880. 1850. Samuel Huggins. 1883. Benj. F. Miller. James Woods. Benj. F. Miller. John Shiebly. John F. Miller. .Jere. Rinehart. D. M. Rinesmith. J. W. Williamson. James A. Gray. John W. Beers. Henry C. Shearer. ' With Cumberland County. 2 With Franklin County. 3 With Dauphin County. * The prothonotary was clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Court of Quarter .Sessions, Court of Oyer and Ter- miner and the Orphans' Court. About 184-3 the Orphans' Court was placed under the charge of the register and recorder. 5 John A. Baker appointed to fill the vacancy caused by death of Peter Orwan. 1820. 1821. 1822. 182.3. 1827. 1830. 1832. 1835. 1838. 1841. 1844. 1847. 1849. 1851. 1853. TREASURERS. William Power. 1855. William Power. 1857. William Power. 1859. R. H. McClelland. 1861. George Stroop. 1863. John Wilson. 1865. Robert Kelley. 1867. David Lupfer. 1869. David Deardorff. 1871. William L.ackey. 1873. Henry Rice. 1875. David Lupfer. 1878. Jonas Ickes. 1881. George Spohr. 1884. Thomas Clark. John R. Shuler. H. D. Woodruff. David J. Rice. John H. Shiebly. James McElheny. Samuel Smith. James McElheny. William Tressler. Isaac N. Shatto. George W. Spohr' John R. Boden. William Rice. John P. Steel. Wm. A. Lightnor. COMMISSIONERS. 1820. 1821, 1822, 1823, 1826 1827 1828. 1829. 1830, 1831, 1832. 1833, 1834. 1835. 1836, 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. Thomas Adams. Jacob Huggins. Robert Mitchell. Robert Elliott. Samuel Linn, Esq. John Maxwell. Abraham Adams. Abraham Bower. John Owen. George Mitchell. Solomon Bower. John Junkin. Jacob Kumbler. Alex. Branyan. Frederick Orwan. Jacob Kumbler. George Beaver. Andrew Shuman. Cadwalader Jones. George Beaver. C. Wright. J. Zimmerman. Wm. White, Esq. M. Donnelly. G. Charles, Sr. Robert Adams. Robert Kelly. T. P. Cochran. Isaac Kirkpatrick. Wm. Meminger. Nicholas Herich. John Patterson. George Fitzcll. Thomas Adams. 1849. 18.50. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1878. 1881. 1884. Jacob Shiebly. Fenlow McCowen. Charles C. Brandt. George Stroup. John Myers. William Power. Jacob Bixler. Lawrence Gross. James B. Cooper. Thomas Campbell. Henry P. Grubb. Henry Foulk. William Kough. William Wright. J. Kochenderfer. Perry Kreamer. John Wright. William Hays. George S. Briner. John Stephens. Zachariah Rice. J. A.Lineweaver. W. B. Stambaugh. George W. Bretz. William Brooks. Joseph Ulsh. J. Wesley Gantt. Solomon Bower. George Campbell. J. Wesley Gantt. James B. Black. U. H. Rumbach. Aaron .Shreffler. Edw.ardHull. COMMISSIONERS CLERKS. 1820. Jesse Miller. 1824. Isaiah Roddy. 1830. N. Eby. 1837. William Wilson. 1854. H. G. Milans. 1858. A. C. Klink. 1859. Lewis Orwan. 1860. Benjamin Belford. 904 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1863. B. P. Mclntire. 1865. William Wright. 186.5. John R. Shuler. 1871. Wm. N. Seibert. 1876. Calvin Nelson. 1882. C. W. Rinesmith. 1885. J. W. McKee. AUDITORS, 1820. William Smiley. A. Fulweiler. 1821. Robert Kelly. 1822. John Purceli. 1823. George Mitchell. 1824. John West. 1825. Henry Fetter. 1826. John Junkin. David Stewart. 1827. William Wilson. 1828. William Roberts. 1829. William Cook. Alexander Magee. 1830. Jonas Ickes. 1831. William Adams. 1832. Samuel Beaver. 1833. Jacob Bloom. 18.34. M. Donnelly. 1835. Alex. F. Topley. 1836. Robert Adams. S. Darlington. 1837. D. G. Reed. H. R. Wilson. 1838. John Chartess. 1839. Hugh Campbell. 1840. Jesse Beaver. 1841. Thomas McKee. 1842. Hugh Campbell. 1843. Michael Steever. 1844. J. B. Zimmerman. 1845. James B. Hackett. T. M. Graham. 1846. James L. Diven. Peter Shiebly. 1847. John Withrow. Martin Motzer. 1848. Francis Mickey. 1849. W. J. Gr.aham. 1850. W. S. Mitchell. 1851. D. Kochenderfer. 1852. John Wright. 1853. Robert Dunbar. 1854. W. Bosserman. 1855. Robert C. Boden. 1856. W. A. Morrison. 1857. Francis English. 1858. Joseph W. Frank. 1859. A. McKinzie. 1860. G. A. Shuman. 1861. Samuel Beaver. 1863. Philip Huston. 1864. Alex. G. White. 1865. Geo. W. Bretz. 1866. Simon H. Fry. 1868. George H. Hench. 1869. Jonath.'Michener. 1870. John English. 1871. S. H. Baker. 1872. Wm. A. Memin- ger. 1873. David Messinger. 1874. G. Shiebley. 1876. John F. Stouffer. 1879. James C. Hill. 1881. Geo. A. Shiebley. 1884. Chester L. Steel. 1871. Samuel H. Gal- breath. 1874. James Bell. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. [The office of district attorney was filled by ap- pointment prior to 1850, from which time it became elective]. 1850. Benj. F. Junkin. 1853. Chas. J. T. Mcln- tire. 1856. John B. McAlister. 1859. F. Rush Roddy. 1862. Ephraim C. Long. 1863. Ephraim C. Long. 1866. Lewis Pattee. 1869. Benj. P. Mclntire. 1872. Jacob Bailey. 1875. J. C. McAlister. 1878. J. C. Wallace. 1881. James W. Shull. 1884. Rich'd H. Stewart. SURVEYORS. [The office was filled by appointment until from which time it became elective]. 18.50, 1850. .James Woods. 1853. James Woods. 185(j. James B. Hackett. 1859. Samuel Arnold. 1862. David Rife. 1865. M. B. Hallman. 1868. Michael B. Hall- man. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 18.57. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1841. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1851. 18.53. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. DIRECTORS OF John Tressler. Samuel Hench. Jacob Bixler. John Ritter. Jacob Weibley. Charles Wright. Peter Hench. Robert Hackett. Thomas Black. Moses Uttley. George Titzell. Henry Lackey. Samuel Arnold. Samuel Milligan. James McClure. William Kerr. Henry Rinesmith. Jacob Bernheisel. John Gensler. William Kell. .John Stephens. John Ritter, John Weldon. 1877. David Mitchell. 1880. John Rynard, 1883. W. J. Stewart, Jr. THE POOR. 1864. John Arnold. 1865. Peter Shaffer. 1866. John Dum. 1867. Geo. Hoobaugh. 1868. John Flickinger. 1869. John Newcomer. 1870. John S. Ritter. 1871. John Patterson. 1872. Saml. Dunkelber- ger. 1873. Wm. J. Graham. 1874. John Swartz. 1875. Abraham Long. 1876. Samuel Sigler. 1877. Benj. F. Becton. 1878. 1879. Geo. C. Snyder. 1880. Isaac T. Hollen- baugh. 1881. Benj. Bistline. 1882. O. S. Green. 1883. John Acker. 1884. Jos. Flickinger. 1885. John Garman. CORONERS. Michael Steever. Dr. Jonas Ickes. Jacob Steel. John McKinzie. James R. Gilmore. Wm. L. Stephens. James R. Gilmore. John Bretz. James H. Case. James H. Case. Philip Ebert. Joseph Eby. Patrick McMorris. Jacob M. Miller. 1863. B. P. Hooke. 1864. James Crawford. 1865. Samuel Stiles. 1866. Dr. James B. Eby. 1867. Cyrus M. Clem- son. 1870. Joseph Swartz. 1871. George N. Renter. 1872. Geo. W. Eppley. 1873. George W. Zinn. 1876. George W. Zinn. 1879. Samuel Stites. 1882. Andrew Traver. 1885. George Schrom. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. 1854. Rev. Adam R. Height. 1857. Rev. Theodore P. Bucher.' 1859. Lewis B. Kerr. 1860. Lewis B. Iverr. 1863. Jacob Gantt. 1866. Silas Wright. 1869. Lewis B. Kerr. 1872. George C. Wilkes.' 1873. Silas Wright. 1875. Silas Wright. 1878. S. B. Fahnestoek. 1881. J. R. Flickinger. 1883. E. N. Aumiller. • Resigned September 1, 1859. 2 Died March 11, 1873. PERRY COUiNTY. 905 Population of Perey County. Towns. 1790 1800 1810] 1820 1 ' ! 1830 1840 1850 1S60 1S7II 1880 Bloomfield Bor 581 661 655 673 Buffalo .... S7S 1270 782 ino'' 770 703 Carroll .... lino 1294 1425 1417 Centre .... 944 1071 1121 1120 Greenwood . . . . 1 166C 967 995 957 1180 1109 Howe .... 411 398 Juckaon . . . 885 lOnf mil 1004 Juniata . . . 1748: 2201, . . 1435' 1011 ns;^ 958 Laudisburg Bor . , 416, 363 36£ 3:)6 Liverpool . . 1104 703 956, 1072 8511 825 Liverpool Bor. . . 1 . . . . 451 606, 823 838 Madison . , . . . 1299 1292 1534 1577 1699 Mar\-3ville Bor , , • • 863 1206 Miller. . . . 761 438 379 Millersto wn I Bor 389 533 fv'i? New Buffalo Bor . , 259 222 Newport Bor. . . 423 517 870 1109 640 787 i-'as 945 611 1529 1:199 811 1771 Penn '. '. 839 Petersburg Bor. .... 680 831 960 Bve 1704 84:1 451 696 1501 1282 702 1644 1442 703 1693 1492 Sa\ille. . . . Spring. . . . 1538 Ti)boyne .. . . 1905 231C 144? 707 940 914 853 Tiiscarora . . . 767 899 995 Tyrone .... 2236 2758 2391 1063 400 1180 413 1287 725 1486 Watts .... 451 M'beatfield. . 1485 617 678 749 78u 790 New Oerman- town .... 69 Blaine Bor . . , 270 Dunrannon Bo . . ' . . j . . ■ . . 203 1027 11342 14257 17C9G 2l.i088 22793 25147 27522 CHAPTER II. THE BENCH AND BAK OF PEREY COUNTY.' Whex the couDty of Perry was (in 1820) erected out of Cumberland there were no law- yers resident in the new county. The Cum- berland bar was necessarily drawn upon to inaugurate the courts. Hon. John Reed, orig- inally from Westmoreland County, beina: the president judge at the time, held the first court in Landisburg in a log structure, afterwards owned and used by Robert Gib.son, Esq. In that day ejectments or land trials were the most frequent and the most important cases tried, and the old Carlisle bar was famous for its " land lawyers," as they were popularly called. There were Dayid "Watts, Thomas Duncan, Andrew Carothers and others, who trayeled a circuit reaching as far as the Allegheny Mountains, trying these land cases. After the di.scoyery of coal in Schuylkill County, capitali.sts in Phila- delphia, ignorant as men were at that day of geology, supposed that as the Blue, Shade, Tus- 1 By Hon. B. F. .Jimkin. carora and other mountains apparently reached over into the Schuylkill region, they must be coal-bearing, and hence these mountains, about 1796, were covered with warrants and surveys even before valley lands were taken up. This explains why land which was unfit for agricul- tural purposes, and the timber without any market value, and located where a bald eagle could scarcely secure a foot-hold, was taken up, paid for, patented and held as a rich heritage for the descendants of the warrantees — while, in fact, the chances of finding coal were no greater than the discovery of the philosopher's stone. It could not exist in this formation, becau.se more than two miles below the coal measures. Still, owners of warrants fought about over-lap- ping surveys and conflicting lines with as much spirit as if acres of diamonds were at stake. And the lawyers knew no better either, and hence they fought these barren battles with such zeal and skill that it resulted in building up a land system in Pennsylvania which, when un- derstood, is perfectly harmonious in all its parts. It was natural, then, that the old veterans of the Cumberland bar should appear on the new battle-field of Perry, and for a time lead in the young, as they had done in the old county. But as lawyers, however able, do not live forever, young blood was very soon infused into the mass, and we find that John D. Creigh and M. Wadsworth were admitted in 1820. Alex- ander Mahon, a mau of great oratorical power, William McClure, George A. Lyon, Alexander A. Anderson, John ^^'i]liamson, Samuel Riddle, Charles B. Penrose came over from Cumber- land and were admitted in 1821. Then An- drew G. Miller, Robert Wilson, Thomas Mc- Donald, Baldwin Campbell and Samuel Douglas were admitted in 1822 and 1883. Up to this point we can find no one who recollects these men as lawyei-s, and hence we can give no dcr tails of their ability and characters ; but in 1824 there came to the trout men whom we knew by sight, and some intimately, and heard most oi them in trials and discu.ssions and controversies at the bar. Frederick A\'atts heads the list of able and successful advocates, and we remember with pleasure liis admirable method of address- ing a jury. Wlien we fir.st came to the bar, and 906 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. indeed always, it was a treat to listeu to his pleading, and we never lost one word he ut- tered, for no one moved or spoke or withdrew attention until he closed. Also about this time came Samuel Alexander, a logical reasoner, and, with thorough knowledge of the law, stood pre- eminent for learning aud skill in his profession, and withal a genial and witty companion, a musician and scientist, and could tell a story so well that even in a theatre, groups would forget the play to hear his humor. In 1825 came Benjamin Mclntyre, who practiced until nearly the end of his life, dying in 1882, in Perry. In the same year came Richard P. Creigh, E. B. Leonard and William D. Eamsey, but these did not follow their profession steadily. In 1827 aud 1828 came William Ayres, Charles B. Power, Charles McClure, Hugh Gallaher, N. Smith and Moses McClain ; but these were only engaged in special cases, and, except Charles B. Power, lived out of the county. Andrew Carothers, of Carlisle, also practiced in this county, and was the first law- yer the writer ever heard addressing a jury (say in 1835), and, being a cripple, lie sat in a chair while so doing — and it was an ejectment case. In 1829 John R. IMcClintock was admitted to the bar, and j^racticed while he lived, up to 1874. About 1840 Joseph Casey settled in this county, and, although quite successful, left the county in 1845 and removed to Union County, was elected to Congress, became State reporter, and, finally, one of the judges of the Court of Claims, at Washington City, where he died. James Macfarlane located in Perry about 1842, and was a successful practitioner; but, having married a lady of Towanda, Bradford County, he removed to that place in 1851, where, whilst still practicing his profession, he turned his attention to geology, aud especially coal, and wrote the article on " Coal Forma- tions" for Appleton's Cyclopaedia, which gave him a wide-spread re[iutation. He died in 1885. Of the members of the bar now living and in active practice little need be said, as they are well known to the general public; but we may say, however, that, as our experience covers forty years of active practice, aud being now, perhaps, the only member who heard the old giants in the days of yore try causes, and having wit- nessed many of their best efforts in the legal forum, it is only just that we should express what we sincerely believe, namely, that causes are tried to-day more closely, and with quite as much legal ability; so that the present bar of Perry suffers nothing by the lapse of years. Besides, the infusion of equity jurisdiction into the common law-powers of the court, has so modified the practice that, were the old law- yers of sixty years ago raised from the dead, they would find themselves compelled to consult text-books which did not exist in their day. Again, with the march of improvement, the in- crease of bodies corporate and the special and unique principles of law applicable to swift-mov- ing trains propelled by steam (defining the duties of both the company and the public), a wide field is opened with which the old lawyers were not fa- miliar. Hundreds of decisions have sprung out of the act of 1869 and its supplements, allowing what the common law forbids — parties to testify in their own behalf. Thus, whilst we adhere in a general sense to the j)rinciples and maxims of the common law, the changes by statute have been such, within the last forty years, that law- yers of a former period, however great their ac- quirements for that day, would, if suddenly called to act, see things but darkly. To the writer, himself, having been educated in the transition or chrysalis stage of the new era, the immediate past looks quite hoary. THE BENCH. We must go back a century of years, when there was born among the palisades of rock on the banks of Sherman's Creek, distantabout six miles from the county-seat of Perry, John Bannister Gibson, whose boyhood was passed amid the timbered and leafy hills surrounding his moth- er's mansion, the location wild and inspiring, with scenic exhibitions and material grandeur. How these wonders of nature impressed his youthful mind, as he grew into thoughtfuluess, we know not,'but we are willing to believe tliat the solid hills and massive rocks so constantly in his vision had much to do with the formation of a mind which, in after-years, became as solid as the surroundings of his youth. He was made a PERRY COUNTY. 907 judge of the Supreme Court of Penn^^ylvania ou 27th June, 1816, takina- the place of Hugh H. Brackenridge, who died the day before, indica- ting that Governor Snyder had no difficulty in selecting Gibson as the successor of the deceased Brackenridge. Gibson was at the time a presi- dent judge of a Common Pleas district in the re- gion of Lycoming County. The first opinion delivered by him as a supreme judge is found in Sergeant & Rawle's Reports, page 308, being the Commonwealth vs. Halloway, whereby it was determined that " birth in Pennsylvania gave freedom to the child of a slave who had abscon- ded from another State before she became preg- nant." Gibson J., said, — " The case of the relator is embraced by the letter of the third section, and certainly does not fall within any of the exceptions of the tenth section of the act of March 1, 1780. By the provisions of either she is indisputably free. It is not for us to conjecture what provision would have been made if the present case had presented itself to the consideration of the Legislature. An attempt to supply what this court might consider deficient would be an assumption of legislative authority. But the 10th section effectually guards against all construction, unfavorable to the class of persons intended to be benefited. If even an equitable construction in favor of the master was not precluded, I am far from being satisfied that the present case would be proper for its exercise.. The support of the relator has caused him neither trouble nor expense. He was, it is true, deprived of the ser- vices of the mother from the time she absconded. But this did not happen in consequence of any act of the relator, and gives him no claim on her. Whether his case is to be considered a hard one or not, it will depend much on the temper with which the mind may contemplate the positive and artificial rights of the master over the mother on the one, and on the other, the natural rights of her child." Thus, as he started in 1816, his opinions for over thirty-six years (1853), when he died, are models of jjerspicuity, sentcntiousuess and accu- rate diction. The last ojjinion delivered by Judge Gibson (he had ceased to be chief justice in 1851) was filed Gtli January, 1853, in the ca.se of Beatty vs. ^^'ray, reported in 7th Harris, page 517, determining "that a surviving part- ner is not entitled to compensation for winding up the partnership business," and after that his voice was heard no more. In his last opinion he said, — " At the formation of a partnership, its dissolution by death is rarely contemplated. Itisan unwelcome subject, forno man who enters on a speculation can bear to think he may not live to finish it," and whoever will read that last opinion and shut his eyes to the date of its deliv- ery, will not be able to distinguish his clear and vigorous language, citations of authorities and surprising gra.sp of the questions involved from one of his famous efforts twenty years before. There was that about Gibson's opinions M'hich cannot be described. AVhilst he entered learnedly into the question, with amplifications, his language was so terse, his words so few, the structure of his sentences so harmonious, so re- plete with elegance of diction, that the conclu- sion was reached, the point decided and the judgment convinced ere the charm was broken. He described a negotiable note in four words, " a courier without luggage." If we of Perry are proud of his achievements and wonderful jjowers, other places have not withheld their admiration. As a jurist, he had a world-wide renown, wherever his language is spoken. About 1850 James X. McLanahan, then representing this district in Congress, and the writer, ramb- ling through Harrisburg, found, at eleven o'clock at night, Judge Gibson sitting in Herr's Hotel, sipping, according to custom, his whiskey, when McLanahan said, "Judge, I have just returned from Europe, and I was in the court of West- minster, where the twelve judges of England sat on the hearing of a cause, and I heard paid you a compliment." "Ah !" said Gibson, " what was that ■? " " Well," said ^McLanahan, " a law- yer was reading an o])inion to the court without stating whose it was, when the chief ju.stice re- marked, 'that is an opinion by Chief Justice Gibson, of Pennsylvania.' The lawyer said ' yes.' ' Ah,' .said the chief justice, ' his opinions have great weight with this court.' " A tear stole down the chief's cheek and he replied, " A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country." It was difficult to tell when he read, and how he obtained his legal learning. But we have seen him consulting books in the State Lii)rary very often, and we remember him on one occasion saying, after closing a law-book, that a man who loaned money without taking a mortgage was deemed to trust the personal re- 908 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. spousibility of the debtor alone, and shortly after the court so held in Read's Appeal, 1 Harris, 479. This was in 1850. Until 1826 the Supreme Court consisted of three judges, but in that year it was increased to five, and Chief Justice Tilghman dying io 1827, Gibson was appointed chief. Under the amend- ment to the Constitution, judges were elected in 1851, when, under the law, the five supremfe judges elected in a body drew cuts ; the one drawing the shortest term (three years) was to be chief justice, and the one drawing six years to succeed the retiring chief. Gibson drew six years, and, had he lived, would, in 1854, again have become cliief justice. As to his personal appearance, he was power- ful, tall, broad-slionldered, with a large, long head and florid complexion ; but his portrait, which hangs in the Supreme Court-room now in Phila- delphia, is not recognizable, having, in fact; more the look and expression of a driver of a broad- wlieel wagon in the days when a six-horse team drew eiglity hundred with a wheel locked, over the pike from Philadelphia to Pittsburgli. It should be removed and a correct likeness substituted, so that all who have seen him fill tiie old leather-backed chief justice's chair would know whose face is intended. He was a connoisseur in music and painting, and him- self a fine performer on the violin. Wiien Ole Bull played in Philadelpliia, Gibson went to hear him, and took witii liim another supreme judge not so skilled in music, and while Bull held hisaudience spell-bound by his marvelous execu- tion and exquisite touches, the non-musical judge ta])2)ed Gibson on tiie shoulder, saying, " Tut, tut, let us go home; that fool will never get done tuning iiis fiddle." " Why," said Gibson, "you uncultivated heathen, that's the most en- chanting music I ever heard !" Much more occurs to the writer, but as space is limited, we must close. In tlie courts of Perry, Judge Reed presided until 18-38, wiien the life-tenure of the office was changed to an appointive term of ten years. He was a learned jurist, a pleasant and amiable gentleman, full of genial sunshine, social and entertaining in disposition. After leaving the bench he practiced for more tlian ten years in his old judicial district, and died about 1850. Judge Reed was succeeded by Judge Hepburn, who presided for ten years, and was remarkable for his ready perception of the questions in- volved in a case, and his application of the law to the facts. Although quite a young man when appointed judge, in 1838, and without large ex- jierience at the bar, he was rapid, accurate and clear in the trial of causes, and his career as a judge was highly creditable to himself and satisfactory to the people of the district. He still lives, and carries his many years as if they were only so many mouths, and addresses a court with as much vigor and 'clearness as he did tliirty yeai's ago. Judge Hepburn was succeeded, in 1849, by Judge Watts, who was appointed by Governor Johnson for the term of ten years, but under the amended Constitution, judges were made elective by the people in 1851, so that Judge Watts' term was cut off on the first Monday in December, 1851, when Judge Graham succeeded him. We have already spoken of Judge Watts as a lawyer of great practical ability, and as a judge he maintained his reputation as an accur- ate, prompt and efficient jurist. He was a man without fear, and expressed his convictions without regard to consequences ; what he be- lieved he said, and what he believed was gen- erally right, and he, more than any judge who ever sat on this bench, was less careful to con- ceal his own convictions as to what the verdict of a jury ought to be. He still lives at his home in Carlisle. Under the elective system Judge Graham came upon the bench in 1851, and his election more than fully vindicated the theory of au elective judiciary (up to 1851 judges were appointed by the Governor), namely, that the people would select competent men, and that none other would be presented for the suffrages of the people. Judge Graham was a man of great legal ability, a sound reasoner, and apt in catching the facts and points of a case. One was always sure that he would fully comprehend all there was in a case, and his practical mind soon reached a solution of the controversy. He pre- sided for twenty years over the old Ninth Judi- cial District. PERRY COUNTY. 909 Bbnjajiin F. Juxkin is the son of John Junkiu, who, in April, 1823, removed from Cumberland to Perry County, Pa., where he pui'cha.sed the Stroop farm, now in po?:se.ssion of Samuel Spotts, and located near Landislnirg, in I'erry County. Here he continued his resi- dence until 1853, when, having sold the prop- erty, he removed with his family to Muscatine County, Iowa. INIr. Junkin was twice married, first, to Maria Adams, of Cumberland County, Samuel Hepburn, and was admitted to the Imr of Cumberland County in August, 1844, from whence he removed to New Bloomfield, Perry County, the following year, and began the prac- tice of his profession, in which he has since been actively engaged. He was elected dis- trict attorney in 1852, and served three years in that cajjacity. He was, in 1858, elected as a Republican to Congress, representing the dis- trict embracing Cumberland, Perry and York V J^ vJ ! HiXA^ltCvWj and a second time to Susan Guss. Benjamin F. Junkin, a son by the first marriage, was born November 12, 1822, in Cumberland County, Pa., and spent much of his youth with his parents upon the Strooi) farm, meanwhile receiving instruction at a select school, and en- tering Lafayette College under the tuition of Rev. Dr. George Juivkin, its president in 1838. In 1841 he began the study of law with Judge Counties, and in 1871 made president judge of the Ninth Judicial District, (which included Cumberland, Perry and Juniata Counties) to succeed Judge Graham. At the expiration of a term of ten years upon the bench his practice was resumed, and now engages much of his at- tention. He was, in 1884, a Presidential elector from the State of Pennsylvania, on the Republi- can ticket. 910 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. A practice of over tliirty years at the bar and ten years on the bench has made Judge Juakin one of the best known lawyers and judges of this section of tlie State. He was trained in the okl school of lawyers. They had few text-books to wrestle with, which, when mastered, became the corner-stone of a substantial reputation. Added to a thorough knowledge of the law, his pre- dominant traits are a lively imagination, a quick perception and a power of keen penetra- tion. He is thorough in his preparation, and pursues his investigations nnweariedly to the farthest extent. As an advocate he is impres- sive ; a musical voice, an unlimited command of language, a hajjpy manner of weaving in anec- dotes and a liberal use of Scriptural illustrations make him a delightful speaker, either on the stump or before a jury. He possesses great mechanical ingenuity, and in the trial of cases his knowledge of machinery has enabled him to produce some models that have not only served his purpose of illustration, but excited curiosity beyond the court-room. His good nature, love of the humorous, and kindness to his associates, together with his well-known abilities, have created for him a deserved popularity and made Jiim respected wherever he is known. Aside from his profession. Judge Junkin is actively engaged in business as a member of the banking firm of Sponsler & Junkin, of New Bloomfield. His taste for agriculture also leads him to give much attention to the three pro- ductive fai'ms owned by him in Perry County. His religious associations are with the Presby- terian Church, of which he is a member. Judge Junkin was, on the 12th of April, 1848, married to Miss Annie E., daughter of James and Eliza McGowan, of Perry County. Their children are Mary F., wife of Jacob Strickler, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and John E., married to Elizabeth E., daughter of William Willis, Esq., of New Bloomfield. Hon. Charles A. Barnett, president judge of the Forty-first Judicial District, comprising the counties of Perry and Juniata, was born on the 31st day of December, 1829, in the borough of Bloomfield, his present residence. His father, George Barnett, was one of the earliest settlers of the county, and had nuich to do with the loca- tion of the county-seat of Perry County at Bloomfield, having donated the lands upon which the public buildings now stand. Judge Barnett graduated at Marshall College, Mercers- burg, Pa., in the class of 1853.' He traveled south through the Mississippi Valley for several years, and for a time taught school in that local- ity. On his return to Bloomfield he assumed the principalship of the Bloomfield Academy, and at the same time read law in the of&ce of Hon. B. F. Junkin. He was admitted to the bar in his native town in August, 1857. In 1863 he was elected to the Legislature ; subsequently he was appointed register in bankruptcy, which position he held until the i-epeal of the Bank- rupt Law. His wife is a daughter of Jas. McClure,and a cousin of Hon. A. K. McClure, of Philadelphia. In the fall of 1841 he was elected judge of the Forty-first District, which position he now occu- pies, with credit to himself and with honor to his constituency. The following are sketches of some of the members of the bar of Perry County : William Alexander Sponsler is of German extraction on the paternal side. His grandfather, Louis Sponsler, married Tamar Evans, a lady of Welsh descent, whose children were John, George, William B., Louis, Mar- garet and Elizabeth. William B. Sponsler was born on the 9th of September, 1790, in Berks County, Pa., and married Harriet, daughter of Squire Ford, of Mechanicsburg, Cumber- land County, Pa., whose children are Henry L. (of Augusta, Ga.), Curtis F. (deceased) and Charles R. (deceased). He married a second time, Ann, daughter of Christian and Catherine Beelman, of Cumberland County, Pa., whose only child is William Alexander, the subject of this biographical sketch. William B. Sponsler rc.'sided in Carlisle, Pa , where he conilucted the business of a brewer. He subsequently removed to Perry County, where his death occurred November 25, 1875, and that of his wife March 11, 1856. William Alexander was born on the 28th of January, 1827, in Carlisle, Cumber- land County, Pa., and when but a lad of six years removed, with his parents, to New Bloom- field, Perry County. He was educated at the PEERY COUNTY. 911 New Bloomfield Academy, aud, deciding upon a professional career, entered the law-office of Benjamin Mclntire, where he concluded his studies, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1848. He began the practice of his profession in New Bloomfield and speedily obtained a lead- ing- place among the successful attorneys of the county in which he has since resided. He has been engaged in many of the impoi-tant cases, both civil and criminal, in Perry County, and fidelity to important trusts, are indispensable. He is connected with the Masonic fraternity as member of Adams Lodge, No. 319, of New Bloomfield. In his political predilections Mr. Sponsler was formerly a Whig, aud now affili- ates with the Republican party. Though not an active worker in the arena of politics, he has filled such municipal offices as chief burgess, school director, etc.; was, in 1872, nominated for Congressional honors in a district largely Demo- frequently appeared in the courts of adjacent counties, as also in neighboring Slates, his abil- ity, technical knowledge of the law aud appli- cation having rendered his practice in a marked degree successful. Mr. Sponsler is also engaged in active business as partner in the banking house of Sponsler & Junkin, of New Bloom- field.. His services have been frequently sought as guardian, executor, administrator and in other offices where sound judgment, not less than ] cratic, which ensured his defeat. His religious sympathies are with the Presbyterian Church, in which he has for years been an elder. Mr. Sponsler was, on the 4th of September, 1851, married to Elizabeth F., daughter of Henry L. and Margaret Burkholder, of Carlisle, Pa. Tlieir children are William Henry, married to Reliecca, daughter of James and Elizabeth Orr ; Annie V., wife of C'harles H. Bergner, of Har- risburg; and Edward R., married to Mary, 912 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. (laughter of Cadwalader J. Hackett, of Altoona, Pa. William Henry graduated at Princeton College in 1874, began tlie study of law with his father, was admitted in 1876, and now en- joys a lucrative practice in New Bloomfield. Edward R., after a thorough classical education, adopted the law as a profession, became a student in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in 1881. He is also located in New Bloom- field. who died in infancy. Benjamin Mclntire, who •was born on the 11th of March, 1798, in Mount Rock, Cumberland County, completed his law studies at Carlisle, Pa. He moved to Landis- burg, then the county-seat of Perry County, and subsequently made New Bloomfield his residence, where he practiced his profession until his death. He served as deputy attorney- general for Perry County, was a member of the board of draft commissioners for Perry, Cum- Charles J. T. McIntire is the grandson of Thomas Mclntire. The latter emigrated from Scotland with his brother, who was fatally wounded during the battle of Long Island, one of the engagements of the Revolution. Thomas settled in the State of Pennsylvania, and event- ually located in Cumberland County, where he engaged in farming. He married a Miss Wil- liams, of Bucks County, Pa., whose children were James, Thomas, Joseph, William, John, Benjamin, Mary, Elizabeth, Christina and one berlaud and York Counties and president of tiie Perry County Fire Insurance Company. He married Miss Ann H., daughter of James Thomson, of Carlisle, a lady of Irish extrac- tion, and had children, — Charles P., John T., Charles J. T., Mary W., Elizabeth P. (Mrs. Samuel A. Peale), Ada A. (wife of Rev. D. Jj. Tresler), Clara V. and Benjamin P. Ciiarles J. T. was born on the 3d of January, 1830, in New Bloomfield, where he has resided lifetime. He began his scholastic during ins PERRY COUNTY. 913 course at tlie Bloomfield Academy, and at the age of tliirteen entered Dickinson College, from wiiich he was graduated in 1847, subsequently spending a year in the study of the German language. Returning to his native place, he en- tered the law-office of his father as a student and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty- one. He has since been engaged in the active practice of his profession in Perry and the ad- jacent counties, where he has a large clientage and has established a reputation as a skillful, well-read and successful lawver, having been for several years counsel for the Pennsylvania Eailroad. A Democrat in his political associa- tions, he has held for two terms the office of district attorney of Perry County and was elec- ted to the StateSeuate for the years 18(38, '69, '70, for the district embracing Perry, Juniata, Mif- flin, Huntingdon, Blair and Centre Counties, where he served, among other important com- mittees, those on pensions and gratuities, judi- ciary, local, etc. He is a member of Adams Lodge, No. 319, of F. and A. M., of which he has been twice Master, and of Macinaw Lodge, No. 380, of I. O. O. F. He was educated in the faith of the Presbyterian Church, with which he still worships. Mr. Mclntire was, on the 2d of June, 180(3, married to Miss Marga- ret F., daughter of "\^^illiam Peale, of New Bloomfield, who died March 23, 1867.^ E. C. Long, Esq.,^ received an academical education at Markelsville Academy, Perry County. After sup2:)lementiug his education by a systematic course of private study, he entered the law-office of Hon. C. J. T. Mclntyre and was admitted to practice at the January term, 18(j2. He was elected district attorney in the fall of the same year, but in the September previous to his election he enlisted in Company I, of the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. On his return from the service he resumed his practice and is now located at Liverpool, this county. Lewis Potter, Esq., was born in Buffalo 1 Since writing the above, we learn that Mr. Mclntire (lied at his residence, March 13, 188(J, and is interred at New Bloomfield, Pa. 2 The following sketches are furnished by J. L. Markel. 58 township on the 6th day of April, 1832. Af- ter receiving an academic education he taug-ht in the common schools during the winter months and worked at stone-cutting during the summer- time. In the year 1861 he began the study of law in the office of William A. Sponsler, Esq., and was admitted to practice at the April term, 1863. He was appointed notary public in 1866 and has held the seal continuously since that time. He was also district attorney from 1866 to 1869. Mr. Potter is a successful pension attor- ney and enjoys a large and lucrative practice. Martin L. Liggett, a son of Samuel Lig- gett, was born November 10, 1839. He gradu- ated from Princeton College in the class of '64. After graduating he went South as an agent of the LTnited States Sanitary Commission, but ill health compelled him to return to his parents' home, near Ickesburg, this county. Upon the restoration of his health he enlisted in the One Hundred and Foiu-th Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, and was discharged with his regiment August, 1865, when he began the study of law. After reading one year in Pennsylvania he went West and was admitted to practice in Chillicothe, Mo. He theu returned and practiced his j>rofession in Williamsport, Pa., for seven years, when he located at Newport, this county, where he ac- tively pursued his profession for three years more. His declining health again comj)elled him to go South, but he never entirely recovered. He returned home in 1880 and after a linger- ing illness, which he bore with Christian pa- tience, he died December 29, 1883. While his death was not entirely unexpected, yet it brought sorrow to his home, and took from our bar one of our most j)romising young men. William Neilson Siebert is the son of Rev. Samuel W. Siebert. He was born in Centre township, Perry County, Pa., on the 28th day of May, 1848. He received a thor- ough academic education, read law in the office of William A. Sponsler and was admitted to the bar at the August term, 1869. His early training has been supplemented by close and systematic study. As a lawyer he has won de- served prominence and a large clientage. Mr. Siebert is a man of excellent social habits, thor- 914 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA oughly domestic in his manners and highly re- spected as a lawyer and a citizen. Hon. Charles H. Smiley was born at Sliermansdale, Perry County, Pa., on the 9th of Mav, 1844; spent the time of his early boyhood on a farm ; washed ucated in the common schools of Carlisle, Cumberland County Pa., and the academy at Bloomfield, Perry County, Pa.; this technical schooling he has supplemented with extensive personal studies of the more ad- vanced branches of learning, and has also found time in his busy life to cultivate a wide acquaint- ance with general literature. Durino- the War of the Rebellion he served in the Signal Corps, a branch of the regular service, which operated in the Shenandoah Valley and Valley of Virginia, under Generals Sheridan, Hunter and Sigel,and was honorably discharged at Winchester on 2d of August, 1865. He was elected prothonotary and clerk of the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Ter- miner of Perry County, and filled those posi- tions most creditably from 1867 to 1870. Having read the prescribed course he was admitted to practice law in the several courts of Perry County in August, 1872. In the fall of 1880 he was elected to repre- sent the Thirty-first District, comprising the counties of Perry, Juniata and MifHin, in the Senate of Pennsylvania, his term ending with December, 1884; since then he has devoted his entire time and attention to the practice of his profession, wherein he has earned merited and marked success. His private life is pure, his friendships gen- erous, his nature social, and his keen wit and quick, though kindly, repartee make him the in- spiration of his circle. J. E. JuNKiN, son of Judge B. F. Junkin, received a normal school education ; \\as admit- ted to practice law at the October term, 1873. He and his father. Judge Junkin, constitute the present law-firm of Junkin & Junkin. J. C. McAllister was born December 11, 1846, in Watts township, this county. He completed his education at the Lebanon Valley College. He entered the law-office of Wm. A. Sponsler, Esq., and was admitted to the bar at the May term, 1874. He was elected district attorney of the county in 1875, which position he held for thi'ee years. Alfred Mili-er Markel was born in the village of Markelsville, Perry County, Pa., March 11, 1852. He graduated at Dickinson Seminary with honors in 1871. He read law with Hon. Chas. A. Harnett, and was admitted to the bar at the August term of the court in 1873, and died 9th January, 1881. His career at the bar, though brief, was eminently success- ful. He made rapid strides in his profession and soon acquired an extensive practice. He was a delightful comjianion, affable in his man- ners, genial and kind in disposition and gener- ous to a fault. Mr. Markel was a man of more than ordinary abilities, and his early death at the threshold of a career promising great success was deplored by an extensive circle of friends. He appeared upon the stage of life for a brief time, and whde he was winning applause the lights went out, the curtain fell and the drama was ended.' Wilson Lupfer, Esq., after receiving a thorough academic education, began the study of law in the office of Hon. C. J. T. Mcln- tire,aud was admitted to practice at August term, 1874. He was a much esteemed and worthy gentleman, and his efforts in his profession be- spoke for him a successful future, but his health failed him, and he died on the 27th day of February, 1882. He left a widow and two children to mourn their loss. E. H. Stewart was born 2:'>d of May, 1 859. Completed his education at Bloomfield Academy. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1881, as a law student, from the office of Judge Ciiarles A. Barnett. Mr. Stewai't is the present district attorney, being elected in 1884, and is the junior member of the law-firm of Mclntire & Stewart. Charles W. Rhinesmith was born lOth of February, 1856; educated at Bloomfield Academy; read law with W. N. Siebert, Eaq., and was admitted to the bar December, 1883. WiLLiAjr Orr was born 27th of November, 1858 ; educated at Bloomfield Academy ; read 'Written by Hon. Chas. H._ Smiley. PERRY COUNTY. 915 law with Judge Barnett, and was admitted De- cember, 1883. George R. Barxett was born ; educated at Bloomfield Academy ; read law with Hon. C. H. Smiley ; admitted August term, 1884. James W. McKee was educated at Bloom- field Academy ; read law with Hon. William H. Sponsler ; admitted at August term, 1884. He is clerk to the present Board of County Commissioners. J. L. Markel graduated from Lafayette College, in class of '79 ; read law with Judge B. F. Juakin ; was admitted at August term, 1884. J. R. Flickinger was born the 19th day of October, 1854. After completing his prepara- tory course in Bloomfield Academy, he entered Princeton College, and graduated in the class of '77. He was principal of Bloomfield Academy from 1877 to 1881, when he was elected county superintendent. Refusing a re-election, he be- gan the study of law in the office of Hon. Charles H. Smiley and was admitted to practice at the August term, 1885. Perry County, upon its erection in 1820, be- came a part of the Ninth Judicial District with Cumberland County, and so remained until, by the act of Legislature approved April 9, 1874, when a change of judicial districts was made, and Perry and Juniata became the Forty-first Dis- trict, and have so remained to the present. The following is a list of the president judges and associate judges, with their terms of service, and a list of attorneys, with dates of admissions and name of preceptor : PRESIDENT JUDGES. John Reed, 1820 to 18.39. Samuel Hepburn, 1839 to 1849. Frederick Watts, 1849 to 1852. James H. Graham, 1852 to 1872. Benjamin F. Junlcin, 1872 to 1882. Charles A. Barnett, 1882. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. W. B. Anderson, 1820. David Shaver, 1859. Jeremiah Madden, 1820. Philip Ebert, 1861. John Junkin, 18.32.' Isaac Lefevre, 1802. Robert Elliot, 1830. Jacob Sheibley, 1864. James Black, 1842. John A. Baker, 1867. 1 Served from August, 1832, to January, 1852. G. Blattenberger, 1844. John A. Baker, 1849. John Rice, 1851. Jesse Beaver, 1852. George Stroop, 1852. J. Martin Motzer, 1854. John Reifsnyder, 1856. George Stroop, 1869. John A. Baker, 1872. John Bear, 1874. Samuel Noss, 1877. William Grier, 1879. William Gladden, 1882. Joseph B. Garber, 1844. LIST OF ATTORNEYS OF THE PERRY COUNTY BAR FROM 1820. John D. Creigh, admitted December, 1820. Frederick M. Wadsworth, admitted December, 1820. Charles D. Davis, admitted September, 1821. Benjamin Mclntire, admitted January, 1825; pre- ceptor, Charles B. Penrose. Richard M. Creigh, admitted January, 1825 ; pre- ceptor, John D. Creigh. Edward B. Leonard, admitted January, 1825 ; pre- ceptor, Andrew Caruthers. Charles B. Bower, admitted April, 1825. Samuel Creigh, admitted January, 1829. J. R. McClintock, admitted January, 1829 ; pre- ceptor, Charles B. Power. Samuel Ramsey, admitted April, 1829. Abner C. Harding, admitted January, 1830. Frederick E. Bailey, admitted April, 1839. Joseph Casey, admitted January, 1839. Henry C. Hickok, April, 1841. Samuel G. Morrison, admitted November, 1842. Paul Corrigan, admitted August, 1843 ; preceptor, B. Mclntire. Daniel Gantt, admitted August, 1843 ; preceptor, .Joseph Casey. James McFarlane, admitted August, 1843. George W. Power, admitted August, 1843. Mitchell Steever, admitted April, 1844; preceptor, Daniel Gantt. John L. Gallatin, admitted April, 1844 ; precep- tor, Samuel G. Morrison. Benjamin F. Junkin, admitted April, 1845 ; pre- ceptor, Samuel Hepburn. A. B. Anderson, admitted April, 1846 ; preceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. William A. Sponsler, admitted April, 1848 ; precep- tor, Benjamin Mclntire. C.J. T. Mclntyre, admitted January, 1852; pre- ceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. J. Don Carlisle, admitted January, 1852. William R. Shuler, admitted August, 1856. Samuel B. Richey, admitted April, 18.56; preceptor, B. F. Junkin. John B. McAllister, admitted January, 1856; pre- ceptor, William A. Sponsler. Charles A. Barnett, admitted August, 1857 ; precep- tor, B. F. Junkin. Roswell M. Russell, admitted January, 1858; pre- ceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. Rush T. Roddy, admitted April, 1858 ; preceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. 916 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Henry G. Milins, admitted January, 1859 ; precep- tor, B. F. Junkin. Joseph Bailey, admitted April, I860; preceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. John H. Arnold, admitted April, 1861 ; preceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. William M. Such, admitted April, 1861 ; preceptor, B. F. Junkin. E. C. Long, admitted January, 1862 ; preceptor, Benjamin Mclntire. A. H. Burkholder, admitted Janu.ary, 1862; precep- tor, Benjamin Mclntire. Lewis Potter, admitted January, 1863 ; preceptor, William A. Sponsler. David L. Tressler, admitted Januaiy, 1864 ; precep- tor, Benjamin Mclntire. John F. L. Sahm, admitted April, 1865 ; precep- tor, Benjamin Mclntire. John D. Nelson, admitted October, 1 866 ; preceptor, W. A. Sponsler. W. W. Whitmer, admitted January, 1867 ; precep- tor, Benjamin Mclntire. Jacob Gantt, admitted April, 1867 ; preceptor, W. A. Sponsler. Charles L. Murray, admitted April, 1867 ; precep- tor, Hon. B. F. Junkin. James H. Grier, admitted August, 1867; preceptor, W. A. Sponsler. Martin Liggett, accepted April, 1868. Benjamin P. Mclntire, admitted October, 1868 ; pre- ceptor, Hon. C. J. T. Mclntire. W. S. Milligan, admitted January, 1869 ; preceptor, W. H. Miller." James H. Ferguson, admitted August, 1869. W. N. Siebert, admitted August, 1869 ; preceptor, W. A. Sponsler. Jacob Bailey, admitted October, 1870 ; preceptor, Hon. C. J. T. Mclntire. Calvin Nelson, admitted May, 1872 ; preceptor, AV. A. Sponsler. Charles H. Smiley, admitted August, 1872; precep- tor, Hon. Charles A. Barnett. A. M. Markel, admitted August, 1873 ; preceptor, Hon. Charles A. Barnett. J. E. Junkin, admitted October, 1873 ; preceptor, Hon. B. F. Junkin. J. C. McAllister, admitted May, 1874 ; preceptor, W. A. Sponsler. Wilson Lupfer, admitted August, 1874 ; preceptor, Hon. C. J. T. Mclntire. William H. Sponsler, admitted April, 1876 ; pre- ceptor, William A. Sponsler. John C. Wallis, admitted April, 1876. Theodore R. Long, admitted April, 1878; precep- tor, Harvard Law School. Fillmore Maust, admitted December, 1881 ; precep- tor, Hon. William H. Sponsler. R. H. Stewart, admitted December, 1881 ; precep- tor, Hon. C. A. Barnett. James M. Shull, admitted April, 1881 ; preceptor, Hon. William H. Sponsler. Edward Rheim Sponsler, admitted August, 1881 ; preceptor, William A. Sponsler. U. W. Rliinesmith, admitted December, 1883 ; pre- ceptor, William N. Siebert. William Orr, admitted December, 1883 ; preceptor Hon. C. A. Barnett. George R. Barnett, admitted August, 1884 ; precep- tor, Hon. C. H. Smiley. J. L. Markel, admitted August, 1884; preceptor, Hon. B. F. Junkin. J. W. McKee, admitted August, 1884 ; preceptor, William H. Sponsler. J. R. Flickinger, admitted August, 1885; precep- tor, Hon. C. H. Smiley. CHAPTER III. THE PHYSICIANS OF PERRY COUNTY-SKETCH OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY.' In the early days of the county, when the towns and villages were small, and the country thinly settled, locations for physicians were few and far apart. A large extent of territory was embraced in the circuit of a pliysician's practice. The chief locations were Millerstown, Milford, Duncannon, Landisburg and Ickesburg, and a little later, New Germantown. But one physi- cian was generally located in each of these places, and on him devolved the onerous duty of giving the needed medical attention to the sick in his wide field of practice. His duties were certainly laborious, if not remunerative. That the physicians were appreciated and held in respect, however, is evidenced by the affection and respect with which our older citizens cherish the memories of their early time medical advis- ers. At the present time, in addition to the above-named locations — with the exception of Milford, which has ceased to have a resident physician, — Liverpool, New Buffalo, Newport, New Blnomfield, Elliottsburg, Shcrmansdale, Loysvillc, Andersonburg, Blaine and Alarkcls- ville all have become permanent locations for physicians, and some of them contain four and five regularly resident physicians. It is proposed now to mention briefly the different physicians who have practiced in the 1 By Dr. James B. Eby. PEKKY COUNTY. 91? county, giving as nearly a complete list as it is possible to make it witli the data now accessible. MiLLERSTOWX. — Dr. Henry Bucke is the first physician of whom we have any record as having' located in Millerstowu. He was there as early as 1805. Dr. Samuel Mealy seems to have succeeded him, as there is no mention of any other physician locating there until Dr. Mealy came, which must have been soon after the "War of 1812. He was born in the upper end of the coimty about the year 1793 or 1794. Tradition says he was very studious in his habits, carrying his books with him when about his ordinary avocations, wlien a boy. His father was a cooper by trade and his son worked with him. He studied medicine, and attended lectures. He was mustered into Captain More- land's company in 1814, and served with him on the Canada frontier. Tradition says he saved the limb, and probably the life, of an officer in the command to which he belonged, by refusing to agree to amputate, which tiie other surgeons insisted on doing. After his re- turn from the army he located at Millerstowu, and remained there in successful practice until 1832. In the mean time he had married Miss Margaret Blaine, a near relative of Hon. James G. Blaine, of Maine. He left Millerstowu in 1832 and subsequently moved to Brighton, Iowa, where he died in 1881, at the age of eighty-seven years. Dr. Waterhouse was a co- temjjorary of Dr. Mealy. He practiced his pro- fession in INIillerstown but a short time, and died there in 1821. Dr. John M. Laird also practiced in Millerstown the greater part of the time from 1824 to 1840, when he moved to New Bloomfield, among whose physicians he \\ill be more particularly noticed. Dr. McNeal came to Millerstown in 1827 and remained there two years. Dr. Shellenberger was the next physician who located in ^Millerstown. He studied medicine with Dr. Mealy in 1830, and after his studies were completed, commenced to practice in Mil- lerstown, and remained there five or six years. Dr. Isaac Snowden was the next physician, in order of time, who located in Millerstowu. He de.serves more than a passing notice. He was born in Harrisburg March 4, 1794. His father was the Rev. Xathauiel Randolph Snowden, who was the first preacher ordained in Harris- burg. He subsequently became a professor in Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Dr. Snowden received his preliminary education at Dickinson College, and finished both his academical and professional education at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed surgeon of the United States army soon after his graduation, and was stationed for a short time at Sackett's Harbor. He was then ordered to join the army under General Jackson, operating against the Seminole Indians in Florida, and was assigned to duty at headquarters, and became one of General Jackson's military family. In 1823 he left the army, and shortly afterwards located in JMifflin County. Thence he went to Wil- liamsport, and remained there in the practice of his profession a few years. He then came to Millerstown and associated himself in practice with Dr. Mealy. After a brief partnership, the association not being congenial, he moved to Thompsontown, .Juniata County, and remained there until 1830, when lie returned to Millers- town. In 1832 he married Miss Margaret Bines Loudon, and in 1834 moved to Hoges- town, Cumberland County, where he died June 4, 1850. He was the father of five children, — two sons and three daugliters. A. Loudon Snowden, of Pliiladelphia, late superintendent of the Mint at Philadelphia, was one of his sons. Dr. John Irwin succeeded to the practice of Dr. Mealy in 1832. He was born in Union County in 1809, studied medicine with Dr. Van Valzah, of Lewistown, and graduated from the ^Medical Dejjartment of LTuiversity of Penn- sylvania in 1832. He practiced in Millerstown and vicinity until 1840, when, with a view of relinquishing the practice of medicine, he moved to his farm in Juniata County, to which he chiefly devoted his attention until the time of his death, in 1853. He was twice married, — the first time to Miss Stuart, and the second time to Miss Jane Bell, in 1838. He was the father of three sons and three daughters. Mr. J. H. Irwin, cashier of Newport Deposit Bank, is one of his sons. Drs. Kremerand Ingleman were contempora- 918 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ries of Dr. Irwin, and were associated in prac- tice. Dr. Kramer had studied medicine with Dr. Mealy and married one of his daughters. They remained in Millerstown eight or ten years. Dr. A. C. Stees was born in Perry County September 13, 1814. He studied medicine with Dr. Whitesides, of Juniata County, aud grad- uated at the Jeifersou Medical College in 1836. He married a daughter of his preceptor and moved to Millerstown in 1841. He associated himself in practice with Dr. L. Stilwell, who came to Millerstown about the same time. This association continued for five or six years, when Dr. Stilwell moved to Oliio. Dr. Stees continued to practice in Millerstown until his death, which occurred December 23, 1854. Dr. Stees was one of the most prominent physi- cians of the county, and was held in great esteem hv those who knew him, both for his social qualities and professional ability. He and Dr. Stilwell were among the founders of the Perry County Medical Society. Dr. David Crawford settled in Millerstown in 1851, and practiced his profession there until 1864, when he moved to Mifflin, Juniata County, where he still resides. He is noticed more fully among the " Juniata County Physicians." Dr. Samuel Stites, a native of Northampton County, was born June 23, 1816. He studied medicine with Dr. Wallis, and attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College in 1849. He prac- ticed medicine the seven following years at Fish- erville, Pa. In 1856 he graduated from the Pennsylvania Medical College, in Philadelphia, and the following year located in Millerstown and practiced his profession there until the time of his death, March 28, 1882. He had been twice elected coroner of the county, and was servins: in that office at the time, of his death. He was a surgeon of one of the Pemisylvania regiments in 1864. Dr. George Stites, a son of Dr. Samuel Stites, succeeded to his father's practice. He is a grad- uate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, of the class of 1882. Dr. S. T. Lineaweaver located in Millerstown in 1864, and remained there until 1877, wiien he moved to Hagerstown, Md. He was a grad- uate of Jefferson Medical College. Dr. A. A. Murray practiced in Millerstown from 1868 to 1876, when he moved to Liver- pool. Dr. Ellis Q. Kirk came to Millerstown in 1872 and left in 1874. Dr. John B. Oellig located there in 1877 and left in 1881. Dr. P. Kundio came there in 1877 and left in 1880. Dr. G. W. Campbell located there in 1879 and left the same year. Dr. G. W. Dean, a native of Perry County, and a graduate of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, practiced in Millerstown from 1879 to 1881, when he moved to Lewistown, Mifflin County. Dr. J. L. Brubaker, a native of Maryland, and a graduate of Washington University, Bal- timore, of the class of 1874, practiced his pro- fession in Millerstown from 1879 to 1883, when lie moved to the West. He had previously practiced several years in Markelsville. He was an energetic and successful practitioner, and was the first physician in Perry County to success- fully perform tiie operation of ovariotomy. Dr. J.C.Hall located in Millerstown in 1881 and still continues to practice there. Dr. S. R. Ickes located there in 1882 and still is there. LiVERP(iOL. — Dr. John W. Armstrong was the first physician to choose Liverpool as a loca- tion. He came there from Duncannon, where he had been in practice for several years, in 1824. He married a sister-in-law of Wesley Williamson, who still resides in Liverpool. After practicing in Liverpool several years he moved to Bellefonte, and thence to Carlisle in 1844, and thence, later, to Princeton, N. J., where he died in 1870. A brief biograi)hical sketch may be interesting : General John Armstrong, the grandfather ot Dr. John W. Armstrong, helped to lay out Car- lisle, in 1751, where he at the time resided. In 1756 he commanded the expedition against the Indian town of Kittanning (in what is now Armstrong County, of this State), which ended so disastrously to the Indians. Subsequently he became a member of the Provincial Con- gress, anil later a major-general of the Pevolu- PERRY COUNTY. 919 tionarv arm V, and commanded the Pennsylvania Line at the battle of Brandywine. He had two sons, — Dr. James Armstrong and Major John Armstrong. The last-named son was the aide- de-camp of General Gates in the Revolutionary army, and afterwards the minister to France, and suhse([uently Secretary of A\ ar during INIadison's administration. He married into the Livingston family, of New York, and his dang-hter is now the w'ife of A\'illiam B. Astor, of New York City. Dr. James Armstrong completed his medical studies in Europe, anil after his return to this country married a Miss Stevenson, a sister of George Stevenson, a dis- tinguished citizen of New York. He finally settled in Carlisle, where John ^^^ Armstrong, the subject of this sketch, was born. Jolin W. Armstrong received his academical education at Dickinson College. He studied medicine with his father, and completed his professional edu- cation at the Medical Department of University of Pennsylvania. He wa,s said to be a man of more than ordinary ability, and worthy of his distinguished lineage. He was a man of com- manding presence and possessed great grace and dignity of manner. He died at Princeton, N. J., in 1879, and was brought to Carlisle for interment. The L'nion Piiilosophical Society of Dickinson College, of which he was a mem- ber, attended his funeral in a body. Dr. James H. Case was the successor of Dr. John W. Armstrong. He was born in the Wyoming Valley, February 14, 1801. He read medicine with Dr. Myner, then of Wilkes- barre, and came to Liverpool about 1827, and remained there until he died, in 1882, at the age of eighty-one years. The d(jctor was well thought of as a citizen and neighbor. Pic was elected coroner of the county a number of times. Dr. Fitzpatrick came to Jjiverpool in 1828. He remained but a short time and moved to Buffalo City, New York. Dr. Sheedle also located there about the same time, and remained but a short time. Dr. French came there in 1831, but iiis stay was brief. Dr. William Cummin located in Liverpool about the year 1830. He was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1804, and was educated in p]din- bnrgh, Scotland, and in Belfast Institute, Bel- fast, Ireland, from which institution Iw gradu- ated. He was intended for tlic ministry. He came to America about 1825 ; taugiit school in Juniata County, this State, for a few years ; studied medicine with Dr. Mealy, of Millers- tuwn ; and graduated from Jefferson Medical College. Immediately after graduating he came to Liverpool and practiced his profession there until his death, in 184(5. He had a large practice and was a skillful physician. He was twice married, — the first time to jMargaret Steele, of New Buffalo, by whom he had three children, — Thomas S., Rebecca I. and IMargaret S. His second wife was Mary Hart, of Juni- ata County, by wiiom he also had tlirec chil- dren,— Hugh Hart, now presiding judge of the Williamsport Judicial District, Mary A. and Robert Irvine. His widow, past eighty-one years, still survives him. Dr. Thomas G. Morris, of Liverpool, Perry County, Penna., is the grandson of Jonathan Morris, who resided in Washington County, Pa. To his wife, a Miss Kimliall, a native of Wiirtemberg, Germany, was born, among other children, a son, William Thomas Morris, on the 8th of January, 1783. He died in Fred- erick City, Md., the place of his birth, in De- cember, 1834. He was by jirofession a jjhysi- cian, served as surgeon in the United States navy and subsequently practiced for many years in Sunbury, Pa. He married Mary G., daugh- ter of Thomas Grant, his maternal grandfatlier liaving been Robert Martin. The children of this marriage are x^nn C, born January 14, 1810, married to Albert G. Bradford, of El- mira, N. Y. ; Thomas Grant, born January 11, 1818, the subject of this biographical sketch. The death of ^Slrs. ^Morris occurred April 2, 1842, aged fifty -seven years. Thomas Grant Morris is a native of Sunbury, Northumber- land County, Pa., and there received his early education, giving special attention to mathe- matics, for which he had a marked predilection. His first business experience was as clerk in a store in Northumberland, Pa., after which, in 1836, he joined a corps of engineers in Lv- coming County, engaged in constructing an 920 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. extension of the AVest Branch Canal, and re- mained until the fall of 1837. After a brief period spent in pursuing his studies he became connected with a corps of surveyors employed on the Chambersburg and Pittsburgh Branch gf the Pennsylvania Railroad. Returning home, he assisted for a brief period in the work of the farm, and in 1840 began the study of medicine with Dr. John B. Price, of Sunbury, continuing his course with Dr. James Teas, of Northumberland. He was graduated March 7, 184.3, from the Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia, and ill 1846 settled iu Liverpool, the interval having been passed in practice else- where. The principal portion of his life since the above date has been spent in the borough of Liverpool, where he soon obtained the confi- dence of the leading families of the neighbor- hood and made professional calls over a wide area of territory. He, in 1862, enlisted as assistant surgeon of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was assigned to duty as head of the hospital at Sharpsburg, Md. In December of the same year he resigned on account of ill health. During his period of service he was placed in charge of the wounded at Fredericks- burg and the sufferers from the field of Antie- tam, then at Sharpsburg. He re-enlisted, on the 4th of April, 1864, as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Eliehtv-fourth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was dis- charged, after much active service, in Septem- ber of the same year. An interval of two years was spent in New Bloomfield as a i)hysi- cian and druggist, when he resumed his prac- tice in connection with a drug-store in Liverpool. Dr. ]\Iorris was, in 1845, married to Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Thompson, of New Buffalo. Their children are Mary, born June 25, 1846, who died October 13th of the same year, and William, born April 4, 1851, married to Anna Fisher, of Beach Haven, Pa. Mrs. Morris died April 21, 1869, and he mar- ried, September 26, 186U, Anne E., daughter of Hon. Joseph Shuler, ex-member of the State Legislature. Their ciiildren are Sallie E., born August 20, 1871 ; Mina Maud May, December 29, 1879, who died September 4, 1882 ; and Frank Jeffers, October 16, 1883. Dr. Morris is one of the oldest members of the Perry County Medical Society. A Demo- crat in his political views, he has served as chief burgess and held minor municipal offices. He was a member of Sunbury Lodge, No. 203, of Independent Order of Odd Fellows, from which he withdrew in 1847, and organized Perry Lodge, No. 259, of which he is a charter member, and connected with Perry Encamp- ment, No. 100, of Duncannon. He is also identified with the Masonic fraternity as mem- ber of Sunbury Lodge, No. 22, with Northum- berland Royal Arch Chapter and Vellerehamp Council, all of Sunbury, Pa. He is a member of Liverpool Lodge, No. 386, of Knights of Pythias, and has held high rank in each of these fraternities. He is also surgeon of John Q. Snyder Post, No. 408, Grand Army of the Republic. Dr. John Wright came to Liverpool the spring following Dr. Morris' location there. He was a native of Juniata County, and studied medicine with Dr. Doty, of Mifflintown, and graduated from Jeffisrson Medical C'ollcgc. He remained in Liverpool until 1854, when he moved to Halifax, Dauphin County. He was killed there by the cars in 1859. He had married a daughter of Judge Blattenbergers, of Mount Patrick. He was one of the founders of the Perry County Medical Society. Dr. John Rose came to Liverpool about 1848 and only remained a short time. Dr. R. A. Simpson, now of York, Pa., [)rac- ticed about Liverpool after 1857 for a mimber of years. Dr. A. A. Murray, formerly of Millerstown, came to Liverpool in 1876 and left in 1883. Dr. George Motter also practiced in Liver- 230ol a short time after 1866. Dr. Geoi'ge Barlow located there in 1875, and remaining there several years, was bought out by Dr. James F. Thompson. Dr. James F. Thompson was born in Centre County ; read medicine with G. W. Thompson, of ]\Iill Creek, Huntingdon County, Pa., and is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, of the class of 1863. He entered the army as surgeon of Sixtieth Regiment Ohio Sharpshooters, and continued iu service until the close of the war in 1865. PERRY COUNTY. 921 In November of the same year he located at Tliree Springs, Huntingdon County, and re- mained there until 1878, when he came to Liverpool, where he still continues to practice. Dr. H. F. Womer came to Liverpool in 1884. He was born near Mount Pleasant Mills, Union County, December 28, 1848 ; read medicine under Dr. Nipple, then of Fremont, Snyder County, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1878. Practiced from time of grad- uation until 1884 at McKeo's Half Falls, Snyder County. He still resides at Liverpool. DuNCANNON. — Dr. John W. Armstrong is the first physician of whom there is any record of having located in Duncannon. He came there in 1818 and remained there in active practice until 1824, when he removed to Liver- pool, among whose physicians he is more fully noticed. Dr. Joseph Speck succeeded Dr. Armstrong in 1824. He was an adopted son of Frederick Speck, who owned land in the vicinity of Dun- cannon. He was educated at Dickinson College and took his professional degree from one of the Philadelphia medical colleges. He practiced in Duncannon until 1830, when he moved to Bloomfield ; practiced two years there and moved back to Duncannon, whence, in 1850, he moved West, and died later in Wyandotte. There must have been physicians who were located in Duncannon from 1830 to 1840 whose names are not now accessible. Dr. Philip Ebert came to Duncannon in 1840. He was a native of York County, Pa., and had graduated from the ]\Iedical Def)art- ment of the University of Maryland. He con- tinued to practice in the vicinity of Duncannon until 1865, when he moved to Runyan, Ohio, where he still resides. He was at one time elected one of the associate judges of Perry Co. Dr. A. J. Werner, of Reading, Pa., located in Duncannon about 1850. He had read med- icine with Dr. McClellau, of Philadelphia, and graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Philadelphia. He immediately commenced to practice at Duncannon and con- tinued there until his death, in 1881. He died suddenly, having been found dead in his car- riage in the country. Dr. Joseph Swartz, a son-in-law of Dr. Philip Ebert, settled in Duncannon to practice in 1800. He studied medicine under Dr. John C. Mc- Allister, of Fairview, Cumberland County, and graduated from the JeiJereon Medical College in 1857. He had succeeded Dr. Kleckner at Grier's Point, and practiced there until he came to Duncannon, where he still resides. He has a drug-store in connection with his practice, and now gives his store the larger share of his at- tention. He was a surgeon in one of the Pennsylvania regiments in the late war. He is a member of the Perry County Medical Society and has been its treasurer for a number of years. He is alsb a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association. Dr. W. W. Culver was a practitioner of med- icine in Duncannon in 1860, as was also Dr. Frederick Nockel, a graduate of the University of Bonn. Both remained there several years. Dr. H. A. Boteler also practiced in Duncan- non for some years subsequent to 1862. Dr. Noble C. IMcMorris, a graduate of Penn- sylvania Medical College of the class of 1859, has practiced at intervals in Duncannon since the date of his graduation. He is now in active practice there. Dr. T. L. Johnson graduated from the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1868. After a brief practice elsewhere he located in Duncannon about the year 1870 or 1871 and has been in continuous practice there ever since. He is a son of the Rev. Dr. Johnson, of Lebanon. Dr. A. L. Shearer, a native of Perry County and a graduate of the University of New York, class of 1883, Dr. John U. Habash, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, class of 1884, and Dr. H. D. Reutter, a graduate of Jef- ferson Medical College of Philadelphia, of the Class of 1884, are all in active practice in Dun- cannon, and have been since dates of their grad- uation. LxVNDL'iBURG. — Dr. John Creigh seems to have been the first regular ph3-siciau that located within the limits of Perry County. He was a son of Judge John Creigh, of Carlisle, and was born in 1773. He graduated with honors from Dickinson College in 1792 and completed his 922 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. medical course at the University of Pernisylvaiiia iu 1795. He coinmeuced to practice at Pitts- burgii ; theuce he moved to Lewistowu, and thence, again, to Landisburg in 1799. He con- tinued iu practice there until 1819, when he re- moved to Carlisle to educate his chikken. He died there, J^ovember 7, 1848. His record is that of a successful physician for his time, and he was an honored and respected citizen in the several communities in which he lived. Dr. John Parshall seems to have succeeded Dr. Creigh and remained in practice there until 1825. Dr. James T. Oliver, from Silver Springs, Cumberland County, practiced in Landisburg for five or six years, and returned to his old lo- cation in Cumberland in 1827. He was a prom- inent Mason. Dr. Samuel A. Moore, a student of Dr. Ely's, of Siiipjjensburg, Cumberland County, came to Landisburg about the year 1825 and remained there iu practice until his deatli, in March, 1843. He had a large practice and was a successful jjhysician. Dr. Samuel Edwards l(jcatod in Landisburg iu 1838. He married into the family of Wil- liam West and in 1844 moved to Ne-n^jjort; thence, after a short time, to Blaine. After practicing in Blaine a few years he left the county. Dr. David A. Clugston — a Thompsonian in practice — came to Landisburg from Franklin County in 1841, and remained thereuntil 1852, when he removed to Duncannon, and thence West after a short time. Dr. James Galbraith located in Landisburg in 1843. He was born in Manchester, Pa., January 4, 1799. He moved with his father's family to Ohio when he was a boy. In 1821 he began to study medicine with Dr. Mathew Steen, his brother-in-law. He connuenced to attend lectures in 1824 and graduated from JeflPerson Medical College in 1826. He commenced to practice his profession at Orbisonia, Huntingdon County, and later moved to East Waterford, Juniata County. While there he married a daughter of the Rev. John Coulter. He then moved to Landisburg, where he continued iu ac- tive practice until his death, January 9, 1872. Dr. Galbraith was a man of sound judgment in his profession, and untiring in his attention to his patients. He took an interest in general affairs, and wa.s an esteemed member of the community in which he lived. He was well informed on the questions of the day, and took a special interest iu scientific studies. He was an able writer and a fluent talker. Dr. Wm. Niblock was a cotemporary of Dr. Galbraith, in Landisburg. He was a native of Ireland, and finished his studies at the Univer- sity of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1813. He came to this covmtry in 1821, passed an examination at Baltimore, Md., and located in Cecil County, Mil. In 1827 he moved to Landisburg and re- sided there until his death, in 1859. His son, William G. Niblock was born in Ijandisburg, and studied medicine with his fa- ther. He graduated from the Jefferson INIedical College in 1847, and practiced in Landisburg until his death, in 1852. Wm. H. Niblock, now of Philadelphia, is a son of Wm. G., and is the only surviving representative of the family. The Niblock family, by reason of their intelli- gence and social talents, occupied a prominent position in the community in which they lived. Dr. John F. Wingert, a native of Landis- burg, studied medicine with Dr. Clugston, and practiced in Landisburg and vicinity from 1851 to 1872, when he retired from practice. He still resides there. David B. Milliken, M. D., is descended from Scotch-Irish ancestors. Thomas, his great- grandfather, settled in Cumberland (now Juni- ata) County, Pa., where he engaged in agricul- tural pursuits. His son, James B., a native of the same county, was also a farmer. He mar- ried a Miss Boggs, whose children were Thomas J., John, James B., Josejih, Francis, Mary, Amelia, INIargaret, Martha and Jane. Tliomas J., of this number, was born in 1794, in Juniata County, and there sjrent his life in the pursuits of a flirmer. He was, in his political principles, an ardent Democrat, and filled, among other offices, those of associate judge and county com- missioner. He married Racliel, daughter of Judge David Beale, of Chester County, Pa., and had children, — Jane, wife of William Neely; James B.; Mary Ann, wife of John Barnard j PERRY COUNTY. 923 David B. and John D. The death of Mr. INIil- likcu occurred September 19, 187(3, and that of his wife March 20, 1848. David B. Milliken was born January 1, 1833, in Juniata County. After a rudimentary course of instruction at the neigliboring public school, he entered and re- mained four years at the Tuscarora Academy, in the same county. He then began the study of medicine with Dr. Samuel B. Cra\\for(l, of McCoysville, and remained three years under and of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society. He is connected with the Odd-Fellows' frater- nity, as member of Mt. Dempsey Lodge, No. 172, of Laudisburg, and has held the office of District Deputy. Politically, as a Democrat, he participated actively for years in the work of the party, and was elected for the sessions of 1870-71 to the State Legislature, where he was chairman of the committee on contested seats, and served on other important committees. He X^/^/^^^^i^.^ hispreceptorship, mean while attending lectures at the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York, from which he was graduated in 1854, having also received a private course of instruction under Dr. William Darling. He at once made Landisburg, Perry County, the scene of his professional labors, and has since that date been actively engaged in practice. Here his field has been an extended one, his thorouffh medical trainins: having: from the bc- ginning ensured a successful career. He is a member of the Perry County Medical Society, was, in 1862, appointed commissioner for the State of Pennsylvania to examine the hospitals connected with the Pennsylvania volunteer ser- vice during the late war. He has frequentl}^ acted as administrator, trustee and guardian, and filled other responsible offices of trust. In his relig- ious views the doctor is a Presbyterian, and member of the church at Landisburw. Dr. ^lilliken was, on the 23d of May, 1853, mar- ried to Elizabeth, daughter of Neal McCoy, of Juniata County, who died February 18, 1855, their only child being a daughter, Emma. He 924 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. was again married, April 11, 1856, to Margaret, daughter of Daniel Okeson, of Perry County. Dr. James P. Sheibley, a native of Landis- burg, and a son of Benard Sheibley, studied medicine with Dr. Galbraith and became an alumnus of the Medical Department of Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1868. He acted one year as assistant surgeon in the United Stiites army, and in 1870 located in Landisburg, where he still continues in active and successful j)ractice. LoYSViLLE. — Dr. Isaac Lefevre, a graduate of Pennsylvania Medical College, began to practice in Loysville in 1842 and resided there until 1855, when he moved to Bloomfield, where he continued to pi'actice until 1862, when he was appointed assistant surgeon in one of the Pennsylvania regiments. After his discharge from the army he resumed practice in Bloom- field, and remained there a few years, when he moved to Mechanicsburg, where he took up the practice of homipopathy. He thence moved to Harrisbnrg, where he still resides. Dr. A. E. Linn succeeded Dr. Lefevre at Loysville, and practiced there until 1857, when he removed to Sherraansdale. Dr. B. F. Hooke studied medicine with Dr. Leonard Henly, then of Blockley Aims-House Hospital, Philadelphia, and graduated from the Medical Department of University of Penn- sylvania in 1855. He came to Loysville in 1856, and still continues there in successful prac- tice. Dr. C. E. De Lancey studied medicine with Dr. William Cisna, of Ickesburg, graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1878, practiced awhile in Ickesburg, and, in 1883, located in Loysville, where he still re- mains. Maeysvilt.e. — Marysville seems to have drawn her physicians from the neighboring towns during the earlier years of her history. Drs. Means, Rogers, Lewis Heck, Weistling, G. W. Graydon, Allraan, Umberger, McAllister and Bashon, all physicians of the neighboring towns — Harrisburg, Pockville, Fairview and Dauphin — did the practice in and about Marys- ville from about IS.'JO to 1860. Dr. Heinsling then settled there, and continued in practice some years. Dr. Culp came there in 1868, and Dr. A. J. Traver in 1870. Dr. Traver is a gradu- ate of the Eclectic Medical College of Philadel- phia, of the class of 1868. The doctor is still there, and a very prominent citizen of the place. Dr. Geo.W. Eppley located there in 1875, and still practices there. He had previously practiced a number of years in Elliottsburg. He is a grad- uate of the University of Philadelphia, of the class of 1864. He was postmaster of Marys- ville for a number of years. Dr. J. M. Boyd, a graduate of the Ohio Med- ical College, of the class of 1 880, and a native of Perry County, located there after graduating, and remained a year or two, when he moved to Cumberland County. Dr. A. J. Van Dyke, a native of Juniata County, and a student of Dr. Grubb, of Thomp- sontowu, and a graduate of the University of New York, of the class of 1883, located there the same year, and still continues there in active practice. Eye Township and Sheemansdale. — Dr. Frederick Klineyoung located at Key- stone aljout the year 1825. He practiced until his death, about 1846 or 1847. Dr. F. A. Koughling succeeded to Dr. Klineyoung's practice in 1846, and remained there until 1855, when he died. Dr. John W. Crooks came to Shermansdale in 1851, and practiced there several years. Dr. Lougsdorf came to Shermansdale after Dr. Crooks left, and remained until 1856. Dr. Kleckner, a German, had settled at Grier's Point about 1853, and was found frozen to death in 1856. Dr. Joseph Swartz, now of Duncannon, suc- ceeded him, and pi-acticed there several yeai's. Dr. A. E. Linn came to Shermansdale from Lo3^sville in 1857, and practiced there several years. Dr. Fuget practiced in the vicinity of Sher- mansdale for a number of years after Dr. liinn left. A Dr. Agnew succeeded Fuget, and practiced his profession there until shortly be- fore his death. Dr. J. P. Sheeder, who studied under Dr. W. D. Ard, of Bloomfield, and graduated from the University o{ New York in 187!), com- PERRY COUNTY. 925 menced to practice there the same year, and still contiuues there. Dr. Edward Ebert was a practitioner at Grier's Point in 1855, and practiced there two or three years. Dr. A. J. Herman, now of Carlisle, and a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania (class of 1821), practiced on the Perry side of Sterrit's Gap for several years, about 1850. ICKESBUEG. — Dr. Jonas Ickes is said to have practiced in Ickesburg and vicinity about the year 1820 to 1822 or 1823. Dr. Thomas Simonton came there about 1830, and practiced there a number of yeare. His son, William, studied medicine with him, and succeeded to his father's practice. They all moved to Illinois. Dr. Black located in Ickesburg after the Drs. Simonton left, and jiracticed there several years. He moved to Cumberland County. Dr. Briner (now of Topeka, Kan.) practiced in the vicinity of Ickesburg from about 1850 to 1860. He married a IMiss Love. Dr. Jackson moved to Ickesburg after Dr. Briner left. He had studied medicine M'ith Dr. Lefevre, of New Bloomfield, and graduated fi'om the Jefferson Medical Colleae. He re- mained in Ickesburg until his death, six or seven years after locating there. Dr. William R. Cisna succeeded to Dr. Jackson's practice. He was a native of Perry. He had graduated from Dickinson College, and later studied medicine and received his professional degree from the university in 1865. He continued to practice in Ickesburg until 1882 or 1883, when he went West. Dr. Charles De Lancey succeeded Dr. Cisna until he moved to Loysville, and Dr. G. C. Dean succeeded Dr. De Lancey until he moved to Millerstown, and now Dr. Newton Bryner, a graduate of the University of New York, of the class of 1881, is located there, and has been since Dr. Dean left. Madlson Township, Axdebsoxburg, Blaine and New Germantown. — Dr. S. M. Tudor, now about seventy-five years old, and a graduate of the University of iNIaryland, practiced medicine in Madison township and its vicinity for forty years. He retired from practice a number of years ago. Dr. Rodgers succeeded to Dr. Tudor's prac- tice. He is now located at Sandy Hill, Madi- son township. In New Germantown, the Rev. Dr. Frede- rick Oberholzer, pastor of the Lutheran Church, was also a physician and j^racticed in connection with his pastoral duties. He died there April 12, 1821. Dr. J. R. Scott began practice in New Germantown in 1824, but how long he re- mained is not noted. Dr. William Hays, now retired from prac- tice, and residing near Landisburg, studied medicine with Dr. Robert C. Hays, of Shijj- pensburg. In the spring of 1843 he com- menced to practice his profession in New Ger- mantown, and continued in active practice for six years, since which time he has retired. Dr. Gntshall, now of Blaine, a native of Carlisle and a graduate of the Medical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, class of 1866, commenced to practice in New Ger- mantown the same year, and continued in suc- cessful practice there until, a few years since, he changed his location to Blaine, where he now resides. Dr. A. R. Johnson, now of New Bloomfield, practiced in New Germantown part of tlie year 1883. Dr. Milton Shull is now located in New Germantown. He is a native of Perry County. Dr. B. F. Grosh, an able physician and in- fluential citizen, located in Andersonburg in February, 1844. He was a graduate of the University of Vermont, and a native of Lancas- ter County. He married a Miss Anderson, of Andersonburg. He remained in Andersonburg until his death, November 9, 1857. He was one of the founders of the Perry County Medi- cal Society and at times contributed able pajiers that were read at its meetings. His son, A. B. Grosh, served two terms as prothonotary of the county. Dr. E. B. Hotchkiu came to .Vndersonburg after the death of Dr. Grosh, and remained there about two years. Dr. Jonathan ]VI. B. Jackson, noticed more particularly among Ickesburg physicians, prac- 926 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ticed in Anderson burg iu 1859, previous to locating in Ickesburg. Dr. George W. Mitchell, a native of Perry County and a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, of tlie class of 1860, settled in Anderson burg after the close of the late war, and is still in active practice there. He had been a sergeant in one of the Pennsyl- vania regiments. Dr. G. Miitt)n Bradfield located in Blaine about 1865, and remained there eight or eleven years, when he moved to Philadelphia. Dr. Gotshall succeeded him, and is still there. Elliottsburg has at times been selected as a location for physicians, and the following list of physicians have at one time or another, in the order mentioned, practiced there : Dr. Con- rad, now in Florida, was in Elliottsburg for a number of years after the war. Dr. G. W. Eppley practiced there some years previous to locating in Marysville. Dr. Boyer 2)racticed there a year or two since 1882, and Dr. Byers is now practicing there. New Bloomfield. — The medical wants of New Bloomfield and vicinity were supplied in its very early days liy the resident physicians of Milford and Millerstown. Dr. Mealy, of Mil- lerstown, Ecker, of Milford, and Ward, of the same place, supplied the wants of a resident physician. Dr. Jonas Ickes seems to have been the first physician who located iu Bloomfield. He was born in Limerick township, Montgom- ery County, February 3, 1792. When three years old his father's family moved to the vicin ity of Ickesburg. The doctor studied medicine with Dr. Framer, of Lebanon, and commenced to practice in Ickesburg about the year 1820, and practiced there two or three years, and moved to Duncannon, whence he moved to Bloomfield in 1825, and practiced there tliirty- one years. He was married to ISIiss Mary Duncan in 1814, by whom he iiad the follow- ing named children : Susan, who became the wife of General Harding, of Illinois (who rep- resented the MonTuouth District of that State iu Congress several terms after the war, in which he had distinguished himself), Nicholas, Joseph, Elizabeth, Henrietta, Isabella, Alfred, Maria and Samuel, four of whom are still living. The doctor still lives with Mrs. Harding in Mon- mouth, 111., at the advanced age of ninety-four years. Dr. Vanderslice, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, came to Bloomfield in 1827, and opened an office in John Rice's tavern. He practiced there until his death, iu 1832. He died from small-pox. Dr. John H. Doling practiced for a short time in Bloomfield, about the year 1830. He was also a school teacher and taught in the vicinity. Dr. T. L. Cathcart practiced medicine for a few years after 1830. Dr. J. Sawyer came to Bloomfield in 1833, remained several years and removed to Cumber- land County. Dr. Joseph Speck moved to Bloomfield from Duncannon, about 1835 or 1836, aud stayed several years, and moved back to Duncannon. Dr. John M. Laird seems to have been the next physician to locate in Bloomfield. He was born near Carlisle in 1797. He received his aca- demical education at Washington College, from which he graduated in 1820, read medicine with Dr. Foulk, of Carlisle, and received his jjrofes- sional degree from the University of Peunsyl- vania in 1824. He commenced to practice in Millerstown, and remained there until he moved to Bloomfield, iu 1840, where he practiced until his death, March 12, 1849. While living in Millerstown he married Miss Julia I'owers, by whom he had four children, — two sons and two daughters. About 1845 or 1846 Dr. Miller came to Bloomfield, and left in 1847. Dr. J. P. Kimball, a graduate of one of the Baltimore medical colleges, practiced in Bloom- field five or six years prior to 1853, at which time he moved to Green Park, thence to Phila- delphia, thence to Pottstown, and thence again to Harrisburg, at which jolace he died Novem- ber 21, 1862. He was married while iu Bloom- field to ]\Iiss Eliza Tojiley, a daughter of Alex- ander Topley, of that jJace. Dr. Joseph D. B. Ickes was a son of Dr. Jonas Ickes, aud was born near Duncannon June 20, 1.S23. He studied medicine with his father, aud took his 2)rofessioual degree from the PERRY COUNTY. 927 Philadelphia .Medical College about 1849. He practiced a short time with his father in Bloom- field, theu moved to jNIanheim, Lancaster County, and then again to Duncan's Island, where he died June 2.S, 1851. Dr. David F. Fetter located in Bloomfield about 1852, and practiced there several years, when he removed to New York. Dr. Isaac Lefevre succeeded Dr. Fetter. He moved to Bloomfield from Loysville in 1855, and John, Ulrich, Abram and Henry. The last- named son was born in Lancaster County, and married a Miss Muma, born September 27, 1768, who died July 30, l,s64, in her ninetv- sixth year. Theii- children were Ulrich, Jacob, Frederick and Fanny (wife of William Miley). Jacob was born in Lancaster County on the 26th of July, 1802, and died on the 9th of August, 187.3. He removed with his father to North Middletou township, Cumberland County, Pa., - ' ^ -^;s^s:*s? ^ Ns^ - c^^/^. ^^Lio/e^^ practiced there a number of years. (See notice among Loysville physicians.) Dr. Burkley had practiced in Bloomfield several years prior to 1862, which year he moved to Harrisburg, and subsequently died there. Melchior B. Striekler, M.D., is descended from Swiss ancestry. Seven brothers originally emigrated and settled in Lancaster County, Pa., one of whom was Henry Striekler, the great- grandfather of the doctor. His four sons were and was there extensively engaged in farming ]>ursuits. By his marriage to Elizal^eth, daugh- ter of Melchior Brenneman, who was born May 15, 1814, and died November 11, 1862, were born children — Melchior B., Henry, Mary (wife of James Williamson), Fanny (married to .Vbram Hertzler), Kate and .Tacob (who married ^linnie, daughter of Hon. B. F. .Juiikin). Melchior B., of this number, was born on the 21st of ^Slarch, 1834, in North Middloton township, Ciuuber- land County, Pa., and when two years of age 928 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. removed with his parents to Boiliug Springs, in South Middletou township, of the same county, where he remained until eighteen years of age. He attended the schools of the neighborhood, and completed his English course at the Mt. Joy Academy, meanwhile rendering his father sub- stantial assistance on the farm. He also engaged during the winter mouths in teaching, and at the age of eighteen began the study of medicine with Dr. A. J. Herman, of Carlisle, Pa., with whom he remained three years, during this time attending lectures at the Medical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in March, 1861, after enjoying the advantage of special jjractical courses of instruction in obstetrics under Dr. R. A. F. I'enrose, and in surgery under Dr. D. Hayes Agnew. After an interval of one year with Dr. Herman, at Carlisle, he located at New Bloomfield, Perry County, where he has since been very actively engaged in the pursuit of his profession. His practice, which extends through- out his own and into adjoining counties, has been varied and exceptionally successful, espe- cially in ci-ltical cases of surgery, in obstetrics and in the treatment of typhoid fever. This success is based nt)t less upon a thorough knowledge of the science of medicine than upon a wide exper- ience with disease in all its forms. The doctor ■ is a member of the Perry County Medical So- ciety, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is also identified with the INIasonic fraternity. He is in his political sentiments a Republican, though not an active partisan ; neither has he souglit or desired office. His religious associa- tions are with the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Strickler is a devoted and esteemed member. Dr. Strickler was, on the 5tli of November, 1861, married to Annie C, daughter of John and P]liza Crotzer Halbert, of Carlisle, Pa. Their children are Lizzie I., Minnie J. (wife of James Willis), Frank E , Annie H., Harry, Charles B. and Nellie T. Dr. T. G. Morris, now of Liverpool, prac- ticed in Bloomfield from 1865 to 1867, when he returned to Liverpool. Dr. David H. Sweeney came to Bloomfield after the war and practiced there a number of years, when he moved to Clearfield, Pa. Dr. W. D. Ard, a native of Juniata County, and a student of Dr. David M. Crawford, graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1869, and in 1870 came to Bloomfield, where he practiced until his death, March 3, 1881, in his thirty-sixth year. Dr. H. J. Hunt, a student of Dr. Ard, suc- ceeded to the doctor's practice. He had graduated from the University Medical College of New York in 1878. He only remained a couple of years after Dr. Ard's death, when he removed to Juniata County. Dr. O. P. Bollinger also practiced in Bloom- field after Dr. Ard's death. He had previously practiced in Newport and Mil ford for short terms. He moved to the West in 1885. Dr. A. R. Johnson, a native of Perry County and a graduate of Jeiferson Medical College, of the class of 1881, located in Bloomfield in 1884, and is now practicing there. He had taken a post-graduate course, and was a resident physi- cian one year in the Philadelphia Hospital. Newport. — Newport, prior to 1 832 or 1 833, drew its physicians from JNIilford and ]\Iillers- town. Dr. John H. Doling seems to have been the first physician who located in Newport. He came here either in 1831 or 1832, and re- mained several years, when he moved to Mil- ford, and lived there, with the exception of an interval that he was in California, until he died. Dr. Bell succeeded Dr. Doling in Newport, and j^racticed there two years. Dr. S. R. Fahnestock was in Newport in 1837. Dr. Joshua E. Singer is the son of Jacob Singer, who married Nancy, daughter of John and Susan Norton, of Harrisburg. The chil- dren of this marriage were John, of Selins- grove ; Lydia, wife of James Crouse, of Selins- grove ; William, who died in Painesville, Ohio ; Sarah, wife of William Glover, of Sclinsgrove ; George, of Newport ; Susan, wife of Samuel Fisher, of Dunkirk, Ohio ; Joshua E. ; and Har- riet, wife of William Kennedy, of Huntingdon County. Joshua E. Singer, M.D., was born on the C^^h^^^^- UTtA'-/^^ PERRY COUNTY. 929 •25th clay of September, 1809, in Suubury, Northumberland County, Pa., and began the study of medicine, after a preparatory English and classical course, in the office of Dr. Baskin, of Selinsgrove, graduating from the Jeiferson Medical College, Philadcljjhia. His career as a practitioner was begun and ended in Newport, where he settled in 1838, and continued actively employed until a few years before his death, which occurred on the Kith of February, 1881, in his seventy-second year. His professional labors were entered upon amid many discour- agements, but by dint of enterprise, energy and much hard work, together with a complete mastery of the science to which his life was devoted, he achieved success and a competency for his declining years. During his younger days he enjoyed the lucrative practice of a num- ber of families connected with the several furnaces in the vicinity, with whom he had yearly contracts. He endured many privations, but was greatly aided by a strong constitution and indomitable will-power, which enabled him to surmount almost every obstacle. Dr. Singer was a man of much public sjjirit, always extend- ing hearty sympathy and practical aid to entei"- prises having for their object the advancement of the borough of his residence. From a small hamlet, Newport, under his eye and in a meas- ure through his energy and persevering labor, has grown to its present proportions. At the organization of the Farmers' Bank of Millers- town he became a prominent stockholder, and in course of time succeeded in establishing a branch at Newport, of which he was the hon- ored president until his death, the enterprise eventually becoming the People's Bank of New- port. In his political views he was a Democrat and a strong partisan, but not an active worker in the party ranks. He was identified with the Masonic and Odd-Fellows' fraternities, iu both of which he took high rank. Dr. Singer was an active member and elder in the Reformed Church of Newport. Through his influence were gathered a number of young men and women, who formed themselves into a Bible class and were resfularlv instructed bv him in religious truth. This class, on his death, passed a series of resolutions commemorative of his 59 work and the strong aifection and symjjathy existing between scholar and teacher. Similar resolutions were adopted by the Consistory of the church, the directors of the People's Bank of Newport and by the Perry County Medical Society, of which he was one of the founders. Dr. Singer was, on the loth of October, 1849, married to Mary E., daughter of John E. AVhiteside and Ruth E. Allen, of Harrisbui-g, and granddaughter of John Whiteside and ]\Iary Elton, of Lancaster, Pa. Dr. Robert S. Brown settled in Newport prior to 1850, and was in active practice there, as his health would permit, until he died, in 1860. He was associated with Dr. Singer in practice for several years. He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College. Dr. AVilliam R. Howe, a native of Perry County, commenced to practice in Newport about 1857, as an associate of Dr. Brown, whose brother-in-law he was. He practiced several . years with him, then moved to Blaine, where he died a short time after his removal, in 1860. He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College. Dr. R. B. Hoover was in Newport in 1856, and Dr. W. O. Baldwin in 1859. Neither of these physicians practiced long in Newport. Dr. Joseph Eby came to Newport in 1860. He had previously practiced in Millerstown one and a half years, and in Millerstown three and half years. He was a son of John and Eliza- beth Eby, and was born near New Germautowu November 4, 1830. He studied medicine under Dr. Samuel Eby,of ^Slount Joy, Lancaster Coun- ty, and received his i^rofessional degree from the Eclectic Medical College, Philadelphia. He married a daughter of Dr. Jonas Ickes, of Bloomfield, in 1851, by whom he had two children, — a son and a daughter. The former died when four years old, and the latter mar- ried Mr. Gibson Fickes, of Newport, and still resides there. Dr. Eby died March 11, 1872. Dr. William Mateer practiced in Newport for several yeirs after 1860. Dr. George W. Mitchell, now of Anderson- burg, practiced his profession iu Newport a year or two after his graduation, in 1860. Dr. J. M. Miller commenced to practice in Newport about 1862 or 1863. He had previ- 930 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ously lived in Markelsville. He went West about 1868. Dr. Williams practiced in Newport several years prior to 1866. James B. Eby, M.D., is of German descent, his grandfather, Abram Eby, having been a resident of Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa. His children were Jason W., Henry, Charles, Cyrus and Nimrod, of whom the last-named, and father of Dr. Eljy, was born in Carlisle, of February, 1840, in New Bloomfield, Perry County, and received his primary education at the common schools, after which he became a pupil of the New Bloomfield Academy. On the conclusion of his course of study he en- tered the army, under the call for three months' volunteers, as a member of Captain H. D. Woodruff's company. Second Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and enlisted a second time, on the call for nine months' troops, in Company ^CL.^^^^. and in youth removed to New Bloomfield, Perry County, when he became an apprentice to the printer's trade and continued in the oiUce of the Perry County Democrat until his death, in 1817, in the thirty-seventh year of his age. His wife was Eliza Drexler, of York, Pa , whose children are Mary, wife of John H. Sheivley, editor of tiie People's Advocate, of Perry County ; Ellen, who died in childhood ; Annie, who died in early youth ; James B.; and William. James B. Eby was born on the 21th G, One Hundred and Thirty-third Eegiment Pennsylvania "Volunteers, in which he held a commission as second lieutenant. He was with his resinieut on the field of Antietam and par- ticipated in the engagements at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At the expiration of his period of service he began the study of medi- cine with Dr. M. B. Strickler, of New Bloom- field, and contiinied three years in his precep- tor's office, meanwhile attending lectures at the Medical Deiiartment of the University of PERRY COUNTY. 931 Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in the class of 1866. Dr. Eby at once located in Newport, Perry County, as partner of Dr. Joseph Eby, and remained one year, when an inviting field was offered at New Buffalo, Perry County, where he continued for three years ac- tively employed. Returning, in 1870, to New- port, he very soon established a successful prac- tice of agenei'al character, extending throughout the county, and from that date until the present has been actively engaged in the labor incident to his profession. He is a member of the Perry County Medical Society (of which he is secretary and has filled the chair of president), of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Dr. Eby was, on the 18th of March, 1875, married to Emma S., daughter of John and Elleu A. Toland, of the same county, who died November 29, 1881. Their children are a son, Charles, born February 10, 1876, and a daughter, Bertie, born March 2, 1880. The doctor, in politics, is a Republican of decided convictions, but has not given special attention to matters of a political nature, or apart from his profession. His interest in the cause of education has led to his acceptance of the office of school director for the second term. He is the present efficient secretary of the Board of School Directors. He was educated in the faith of the Presbyterian Church, to which he gives a willing support. Dr. Fishburu came to Newport about 1866, and practiced there three or four years, and then moved West. Dr. H„0. Orris, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, of the class of 1867, com- menced to practice in Newport the same year, and is still practicing his profession in Newport. Has been the Pennsylvania Railroad surgeon for a number of years. Dr. Harry Stites, a son of Dr. Samuel Stites, of Millerstown, and a graduate of University of Pennsylvania, of the class of 1877, located in Newport the same year, practiced several years there, and then, on receiving a contract sur- geoncy in the army, left for his post of duty. He is at present located in Florida. Dr. George W.Campbell, a graduate of Jeffer- son Medical College of the class of 1879, practiced part of a year in ISlillerstown, then came to Newport, and is still there. MiLFOED. — Dr. John Eckert practiced in Milford prior to 182.3, in which year he died there. He is the first physician of whom there is any record of having practiced there. He was a German, and is sa'd to have been a success- ful physician. From 1823 until about 1833 there is no record of any physician living in ]\Iilford. In 1833 or '34, Dr. John H. Doling moved from Newpoi-t to Milford and j)racticed there until his death, in 1857, excepting a short time when, under the influence of the gold-fever, he went to California, but did not remain there long. He was a man of powerful physique, and feats of his great strength are yet related by those who remember him. Dr. Ward practiced in Milford for a number of years prior to 1841, in which year he moved to Carlisle. Dr. Philip S. P. Whitesides practiced several years in Milford, including the year 1847. From ]\Iilford he moved to Newport, and left; Newport about 1856. The Drs. Simon ton, who had previously lived in Ickesburg prior to their removal to Illinois, practiced for a time in Milford. Dr. Joseph Eby settled in Milford in 1857 ; practiced there three and one-half years, and then removed to Newport. Dr. Fetzer was there several years, during the early years of the War of the Rebellion, since which time, save for a brief time about 1881 or '82, during which Dr. O. P. Bollinger lived there, Milford ceased to be a location for physicians. New Buffalo. — New Buffalo has for a long time been a location for physicians. Drs. Pat- rick and William !McMorris, both natives of Ireland, and brothers, for a long time practiced there. Both are now dead. Dr. Patrick was there early in the " fortys," and his brother Wil- liam followed him at a later date. Dr. William died before his brother Patrick, who was the elder. In 1845, Dr. T. G. Morris, now of Liverpool, practiced there. 932 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The physicians of a later date who have practiced there, in the order of their settlement, were Dr. Marshall, a native of Perry, and now of Fairview, Cumberland County ; Dr. H. O. Orris, now of Newport ; Dr. James B. Eby, now of Newport ; Dr. Maxwell, Dr. Klug, and Dr. F. C. Steele, the last-named two being still in practice there. Dr. G. N. Eeutter, a native of Perry, and a graduate of the University of Maryland, class of '58, has practiced at the Junction, about three miles below New Bnifalo, since his gradu- tion. He is still a practitioner, and does a certain portion of the New Buffalo practice. Sketch of the Perry County Medical Society. — The Perry County Medical Society is one of the oldest county medical societies in the State. It was organized in Millerstown on the 10th day of November, 1847. As the re- sult of an understanding among the medical pro- fession of the county at that time, Drs. J. H. Case, T. G. Morris and John Wright, of Liver- pool; Drs. A. C. Stees and T. Stilwell, of Millerstown ; Dr. B. F. Grosh, of Anderson- burg ; Dr. J. E. Singer, of Newport, and Dr. P. S. P. Whiteside, of Milford, met in Millers- town on the above-mentioned date, and organ- ized the society by electing Dr. J. H. Case, of Liverpool, president ; Dr. A. C. Stees, of Mil- lerstown, vice-president ; Dr. J. E. Singer, of Newport, treasurer ; Dr. B. F. Grosh, of Ander- sonburg, and Dr. T. Stilwell, of Millerstown, corresponding secretaries. These officers were elected for one year or until their successors were chosen. A constitution was framed and adopted, which, with little modification, continues to be the organic law of the association. It named the association " The Medical So- ciety of Perry County," and defined the object of the society to be " the advancement of medi- cal knowledge, the elevation of i)rofessional character, the protection of the interests of its members, and the promotion of all means to re- lieve suffering, to improve the public health and protect the life of the community," and incidentally, to promote a social and fraternal feeling aniDnt!' its members. It further defined the qualifications of its members, the number, titles, duties and tenure of its officers ; fixed the date of its stated meetings ; provided for the assessment and collection of dues ; adopted the code of ethics of the State Medical Society, and defined the manner in which its own provisions may be changed. The constitution, as adopted, was approved by the censors of the State Medical Society for the district, and ever since, official relations with the State Society and with the " National American Medical Association" have been main- tained, and delegates sent yearly to their ses- sions. Its list of members embraces most of the names of the regular physicians who have practiced within the county, since the organization of the society. About six meetings are held yearly, and questions of interest to its members are dis- cussed at its sessions. The association takes an interest in all questions of a medical and sani- tary character, and has used its influence to se- cure the passage of the different acts of legisla- tion relative to medical and sanitary matters in the State. Below is appended a list of the officers and members since its formation. INIany whose names appear in the roll are dead or moved away. The actual strength of the society is twenty-seven at present. 1850.— President, J. H. Case; Vice-President, A. C. Stees ; Corresponding Secretary, B. F. Grosh ; Re- cording Secretary, T. Stilwell ; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 1851.— President, A. C. Stees; Vice-President, T. G. Morris; Corresponding Secretary, W. G. Niblock ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 1852. — President, J. E. Singer ; Vice-President, W. G. Nil)lock ; Corresponding Secretary, R. S. Brown ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, P. S. P. Whiteside. 1853. — President, J. E. Singer ; Vice-President, Jonas Ickes ; Corresponding Secretary, R. S. Brown ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case ; Treasurer, P. S. P. Whiteside. 1854.— President, J. E. Singer ; Vice-President, Jonas Ickes ; Corresponding Secretary, R. S. Brown ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, James Galbraith. 1855. — President, Jonas Ickes; Vice-President, J. D. Brooks ; Corresponding Secretary, R. S. Brown ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case ; Treasurer, James Galbraith. PERRY COUNTY. 933 1856.— President, B. F. Grosh ; Vice-President, K. S.Brown; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Lefever ; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, James Galbraith. 1857.— President, B. F. Grosh; Vice-President, R. S. Brown ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Lefever; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case ; Treasurer, James Galbraith. 1858. — President, James Galbraitli ; Vice-President, R. B. Hoover; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Le- fever; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 1859. — President, James Galbraith ; Vice-Presi- dent, P. Mc Morris ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Lefever; Recording Secretary, J. H. Case; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 18(J0. — President, Isaac Lefever ; Vice-President, B. F. Hooke; Corresponding Secretary, Philip Ebert; Recording Secretary, J. M. B. Jackson ; Treasurer, Samuel Stites. 1861. — President, Philip Ebert ; Vice-President, Samuel Stites ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Le- fever; Recording Secretary, W. W. Culver; Treasu- rer, J. E. Singer. 1862. — President, James Galbraith ; Vice-President, Samuel Stites ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Le- fever ; Recording Secretary, N. C. McMorris ; Treas- urer, Joseph Swartz. 1863. — President, Samuel Stites; Vice-President, William Mateer : Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Lefever ; Recording Secretary, James Galbraith ; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 1864. — President, Joseph Swartz ; Vice-President, D. B. Milliken ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Le- fever ; Recording Secretary, James Galbraith ; Treas- urer, William Mateer. 1865. — President, B. P. Hooke ; Vice-President, A. J. Werner; Corresponding Secretary, Joseph Swartz ; Recording Secretary, James H. Case ; Treasurer, Samuel Stites. 1866. — President, Joseph Swartz ; Vice-President, J. M. Miller; Corresponding Secretaiy, Isaac Le- fever ; Recording Secretary, A. J. Werner ; Treas- urer, J. E. Singer. 1867. — President, James Galbraith ; Vice-President, D. B. Milliken ; Corresponding Secretary, Isaac Le- fever ; Recording Secretary, J. E. Singer ; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1868.— President, N. C. McMorris ; Vice-President, George W. Mitchell ; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer ; Recording Secretary, William .Mateer : Treasurer, S. Stites. 1869.— President, N. C. McMorris ; Vice-President, George W. Mitchell ; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer; Recording Secretary, G. M. Bradfield ; Treas- urer, S. Stites. 1870. — President, William R. Cisna; Vice-Presi- dent, M. B. Strickler ; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer ; Recording Secretary, G. W. Eppley ; Treas- urer, James Galbraith. 1871.— President, H. O. Orris ; Vice-President, George W. Eppley ; Corresponding Secretary, M. B. Strickler ; Recording Secretary, James Galbraith ; Treasurer, J. E. Singer. 1872. — President, Jacob Ritter ; Vice-President, James Galbraith ; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer ; Recording Secretary, W. R. Cisna ; Treas- urer, J. P. Sheibley. 1873. — President, A. J. Werner; Vice-President, J. P.Sheibley; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer; Recording Secretary, James B. Eby; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1874.— President, M. B. Strickler ; Vice-President, James B. Eby ; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer ; Recording Secretary, D. B. Milliken ; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1875. — President, D. B. Milliken ; Vice-President, H. O. Orris; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer; Recording Secretary, William R. Cisna; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1876.— President, W. D. Ard ; Vice-President, A. J. Werner; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer; Recording Secretary, C. J. Heckert ; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1877. — President, James B. Eby ; Vice-President, Harry Stites; Corresponding Secretary, J. E. Singer; Recording Secretary, W. R. Cisna ; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1878. -President, H. O. Orris; Vice-President, D. B. Milliken; Corresponding Secretar}', J. B. Eby; Recording Secretary, W. E. Cisna; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1879.— President, J. P. Sheibley , Vice-President. Harry Stites; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby; Recording Secretary, W. R. Cisna ; Treasurer, Jo- seph Swartz. 1880. — President, Harry Stites ; Vice-President, M. B. Strickler; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby; Recording Secretary, H. O. Orris ; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1881.— President, G. C. Dean; Vice-President, F. C. Steele ; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby ; Re- cording Secretary, H. 0. Orris; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1882. — President, George N. Reutter ; Vice-Presi- dent, F. C. Steele ; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby; Recording Secretary, James P. Sheibley; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1883.— President, F. C. Steele ; Vice-President, P. J. Sheeder ; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby ; Recording Secretary, James P. Sheibley ; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 1884.— President, M. B. Strickler; Vice-President, D. T. Brubaker; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby; Recording Secretary, James P. Sheibley ; Treasurer, Joseph Swartz. 934 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1885— President, J. D. Shull ; Vice-President, James P. Sheibley ; Corresponding Secretary, J. B. Eby ; Eecording Secretary, M. B. Strickler ; Treas- urer, Joseph Swartz. MEMBERS. James H. Case, of Liverpool. A. C. Stees, of Millerstown. J. E. Singer, of Newport. B. F. Grosh, of Andersonburg. T. Stilwell, of Millerstown. T. G. Morris, of Liverpool. John Wright, of Liverpool. P. S. P. Whiteside, of Milford. James Galbraith, of Landisburg. W. G. Niblock, of Landisburg. Joseph Speck, of Duneannon. Joseph D. Brooks, of Duneannon. William Niblock, of Landisburg. John H. Dolan, of Milford. Jonas Ickes, of New Bloomfield. Robert S. Brown, of Newport. Samuel M. Tudor, of Centre Mills. Joseph B. D. Ickes, of New Bloomfield. Patrick McMorris, of New Buflalo. W. W. Culver, of Duneannon. William Mateer, of Newport. H. A. Boteler, of Duneannon. Geo. N. Reutter, of Junction. Jacob Ritter, of Liverpool. G. Milt. Bradficld, of Blaine. G. F. Matter, of Markelsville. William R. Cisna, of Ickesburg. Geo. W. Eppley, of Elliottsburg. F. A. Gutshall, of Blaine. H. Grand Orris, of Newport. W. D. Ard, of New Bloomfield. Thomas L. Johnston, of Duneannon. J. P. Sheibley, of Landisburg. S. T. Lineaweaver, of Millerstown. J. E. Milligan, of Newport. And. J. Werner, of Duneannon. John W. Crooks, of Shermansdale. A. E. Linn, of Centre. F. A. Koughling, of Rye township. Isaac Lefever, of Loysville. David F. Fetter, of New Bloomfield. B. Hoover, of Newport. B. P. Hooke, of Loysville. G. B. Hotchkiss, of Andersonburg. Philip Ebert, of Duneannon. Joseph Swartz, of Duneannon. John M. B. Jackson, Ickesburg. D. B. Milliken, of Landisburg. M. B. Strickler, of New Bloomfield. W. O. Baldwin, of Newport. J. M. Miller, of Markelsville. Geo. W. Mitchell, of Andersonburg. N. C. McMorris, of Duneannon. Frederick Nockel, of Duneannon. J. B. Eby, of Newport. C. J. Heckert, of Duneannon. Harry Stites, of Newport. Samuel Stites, of Millerstown. G. C. Dean, of Ickesburg. J. L. Brubaker, of Millerstown. J. D. Shull, of Markelsville. A. A. Murray, of Liverpool. J. F. Thompson, of Liverpool. A. J. Traver, of Marysville. P. J. Sheeder, of Shermansdale. A. D. Vandyke, of Marysville. H. D. Reutter, of Duneannon. S. H. Green, of Duneannon. F. C. Steele, of New Buffalo. John U. Hobach, of Duneannon. CHAPTER IV. Educational Progress — Teachers' Institutes — County Su- perintendents.' In 1808 ii law was enacted which provided for the education of poor children at the ex- pense of the county; but this well-meant charity, while its provisions reached out to the most in- digent classes, attached the stigma of pauper children to all who accepted it, and it is known as the "Pauper School Law." The first schools were kept in almndoned cabins or parts of dwell- ings spared for the purpose, and these were se- cured and fitted up by the "school-master" when he secured his subscribers. The teachers of these schools were either tiie resident minister or an itinerant Irishman, who took up school for a " quarter " or " half-quar- ter" to get means to continue his journey to tiie next settlement. The brandies tauglit were spell- ing, reading, writing and ciphering. These teach- ers were despotic in their mode of government and administered the rod for the slightest offense. These schools were the germs of the free schools, and were first formulated in 1825 by General Henry Beeson, of Fayette County, in his Public School Bill, which, though it failM to pass, yet directed such attention to its provi- sions, that the free school act of 1834 was the legitimate offsjjriug of it. We notice here, in 1814, in the act of the ' By Professor Silas Wright. PERRY COUNTY. 935 28th of March, which made tlie following visions : pro- "Sec. 1. The land officers to make a title, clear of purchase money and fees, for a piece of land in To- boyne township, for school purposes. "Sec. 2. A majority of subscribers to supply va- cancies of trustees." The following shows the amounts paid by Perry County for educating poor children : 1820, S2.58 ; 1821,?47.87 ; 1822, $40..58 ; 1823, .«22.14 ; 1824, $116.95 ; 1825, $126.46; 1826, $93.31 ; 1827, $85.87 ; 1828, $122.68 ; 1829, $169.11 ; 1830, $152.41 ; 1831, $171.17 ; 1832, 8312.73 ; 1833, $400.53 ; 1834, $393.99 ; 1835, $424.87; 1836, $165.96; 1837, $34.25 (in this year school-tax levied for teaching poor children footed $116.64) ; 1838, .$54.05 for teaching poor children in Toboyne township ; 1839, $.34.57 for teaching poor children in Toboyne township ; 1840, $9.48 for teach- ing poor children in Toboyne township. Much of the opposition to the free-school sys- tem came from the German Christians, who opposed it on the ground that it interfered with their church schools. Notable among the.se schools in the county were " Carl's," in Little Germany, Spring town- ship, which was established about 1780 by Hen- ry Ludolph Spark, a German teacher, who erected a house on a lot of seventeen acres of ground, both of which he donated at his death for school purposes. After Mr. Spark's death his successor, a Mr. Carl, continued the school for more than twenty years afterward. Other schools of the kind were the one in Loy.sville, erected about 1795, on the lot of ground occu- pied by Lebanon Church. One end of the house was occupied by the teacher and his family and the other was the school-room. Reiber's Church and school-house, in Carroll townsiiip, was built in 1780, and about four miles cast of this house, between 1775 and 1780, another house served the double purpose of church and school. In the history of the townshijjs it will be shown how these houses were dotted over the county, and served as centres of opposition to the new-school system, which threatened their destruction. There were no directors appointed by the court in 1834 to serve until the election in the .spring of 1835. In 1834 there were twelve districts reported in the county, six of which were accepting and three non-accepting. In 1835 the following accepting townships raised the amounts set forth for schools : Buffalo $133.69 Juniata 219.47 Liverpool 128.02 Rye 81.36 Saville 158.91 AVheatfleld 148.20 In 1836 the following were accepting dis- tricts : Bloomfield $25.13 Bufialo 62.06 Carroll 58.23 Centre 67.72 Greenwood 53.50 Juniata 102.87 Liverpool township 36.06 Liverpool borough 23.94 Rye 38.13 Tyrone 131.54 Wheatfield 69.46 The following table will exhibit the condition of the school systems in the districts of the coun- ty, as reported at the meeting of the delegates on the 2d of May, 1836: Name of Accepting or Number of district. non-accepting. taxables. Buffalo, accepting 212 Bloomfield borough, " 85 Carroll, " 197 Centre, " 229 Greenwood, " 181 Juniata, " 348 Liverpool borough, " 81 Liverpool township, " 122 Rye township, " 129 Saville, " 252 Toboyne township, non-accepting 426 Tyrone township, accepting 445 Wheatfield, " 235 In 1836 Perry County was third in order of favor toward the free-school system. In 1837 the monthly salary of male teachers was nineteen dollars and forty-four cents and of female teachers thirteen dollars and seventy-five cents. In this year ilillerstown, in Greenwood, had a five months' term, and the following branches were taught, viz.: reading, writing, grammar, geography and historj'. In this year the following townships had the number of 936 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. male and female teachers set opposite the district : Males. Females. Bufi'alo township 7 0 Centre township 5 0 Juniata township 10 2 Liverpool borough 1 0 Liverpool township 5 1 Rye township 5 1 Saville township 5 12 Tyrone township 1 0 Wheatfield township 7 0 In 1838 Bloomfield, Buffalo, Carroll, Centre, Gi'eenwood, Juniata, Liverpool borough and township, Madison, Rye, Saville, Tyrone and Wheatfield reported seventy-nine and one-half schools, the longest term seven and the shortest three months. The ln"ghest salary paid per month was twenty-three dollars, and the lowest fifteen dollars. In 1839 the districts of Saville, Tyrone and Wheatfield reported twenty-six schools, and two required ; and these were kept open three and one-third months, and were taught by male teachers at an average salary of sixteen dollars and seventy-two cents per month. In 1848 the funds of Buffalo township were used in building school-houses and the schools were not in operation. Bloomfield, Carroll, Greenwood, Liverpool borough and township, Madison, Oliver, Rye, Tyrone and Wheatfield districts reported fifty-five schools, and the highest salary per month twenty-two dollars paid to the male teacher in Bloomfield. Jun- iata and Tyrone townships respectively paid fifteen dollars per month to male teachers and twelve dollars to female teachers. In 1854, when the law creating the county superintcndency came into effect, there Mere one hundred and eight schools in operation, at which there was a total attendance of five thousand nine hundred and eiglity-four pupils, and teachers were paid per month : males, eighteen dollars and fifty cents ; females, eleven dollars and forty cents. In 1855, one year under county supervision, the number of schools in- creased to one hundred and thirty-eight, and the salaries of males to twenty-two dollars and seventy-five cents, and females to eighteen dollars and seventy-two cents per month. In this year the highest salary paid per month in any dis- trict in the county was thirty dollars. In 1876 male teachers received an average salary of thirty dollars and fifty-seven cents and females twenty-eight dollars and fifty one cents per month. A school census was taken by the teachers during the school term of 1873-74 and shows there to have been, — Children, six and under sixteen years of age... 6198 Children, sixteen and under twenty-one years of age 1606 Pupils, between the ages of six and twenty-one, attending private schools 185 Total 7989 The following statistics from the report of 1884 will afford a comparative view of the progress of the free-school system in the county : Number schools, 186 ; average length of term, 5.31 months; number male teachers, 124; number female teachers, 63 ; average salary of males per month, $29.60 ; average salary of females per month, $26.20 ; whole number of pupils attending schools, 7459. Juniata Valley Noril\l School. — This .school opened at Newport on the 8th of April, 1867, and was continued for ten years; after, until September, 1868, at Millerstown, when the principal, the writer, left the town to become the principal of the McAlisterville Soldiers' Orphans' School. The accounts of academies and seminaries of the county will be found in the town.ships or villages in which they arc located. An account of other schools which were continued for a short time is here given. In the summer of 1856 Rev. J. B. Strain opened a school in a room in the dwelling-house of Mr. Jacob Super. In this school Dr. C. W. Super, now president of the Ohio Universitv, and Professor William C. Slniman, now j)rin- cipal of a ward school in Chicago, made their first start. In 1860 Professor Bartlctt opened the "Sus- quehanna Institute " in the basement of the United Presbyterian Church at Duncannon. Rev. M'illiam B. Craig continued the school for a time after Professor Bartlctt left. " Sherman's Valley Institute," in charge of PEKKY COUNTY. 937 Dr. William R. Cisna and Rev. J. J. Kerr as principals, was held in the house at Audcrson- burg, now owned by Hon. Martin Motzer. " Charity School " was held in a house which was erected by citizens of the neighborhood on lands of Mr. Samuel Hench, in Northeast IMadison township, in 1842. Teachers' Institutes. — The first public- school meeting on record was called by W. B. Mitchell, Jesse :Miller and Jacob Fritz, to meet in Laudisburg !May 7, 1825. The notice of the first Teachers' Institute was published on the loth of July, 1854, and called by Samuel S. Saul, Joseph Ogle, Wil- liam Brown, Albert E. Owen, James G. Turbett and R. I. Heim, to meet in Bloom- field on Wednesday, the 9th of August. This institute met and was organized by the selection of Rev. R. Weiser, of Loysville, president, and John A. McCroskey, of Bloomfield, secretary. Messrs. A. E. Owen, J. R. Titzell and George Tressler, an executive committee, reported: 1. The small pay of teachers ; 2. Incompetent directors ; 3. How ti:> procure the best knowl- edge of the art of teaching ; 4. School-books ; 5. Duties of teachere ; 6. Authority of teachers in school government. Resolutions expressive of the sense of the institute on these subjects were offered and adopted. Page's Theory and Practice of Teaching, Webster's Spell iug-Book, IMcGuffey's Readers, Emerson's Arithmetic, Smith's Grammar for elementary classes and Parker and Fox's for higher classes, and Mitchell's Geographies and Outline Maps were recommended. This meeting agreed to invite the State superintendent and the assistant secretary of the commonwealth to be present at the next meeting, to be held at Dun- cannon in October. At the second meeting, beg;un in Landisburs on the 26th of October, State Superintendent Thos. H. Burrowes was present. Henry L. Deiffenbach, assistant secretary of the commonwealth, could not attend. Educational meetings were held in Laudisburg on the 7th of September, and in Bloomfield on the 17th of November, 1855. The third meeting of the institute convened in Bloomfield on Monday, 17th of December, 1855. Professor John F. Stoddard, of LancasterCountv Normal School, was present, and lectured on mental arithmetic, methods of teaching, read- ing, duties of parents and teachers, orthography and the alphabet. S. D. Ingram, county sup- erintendent of Dauphin, assisted in the exer- cises. At the fourth County Institute Professor J. F. Stoddart and S. A. Terrell, superintendent of Wayne County, were the help from abroad. Fifty-eight teachers were in attendance. The fifth institute was in charge of Superin- tendent Bucher, and attended by sixty-seven teachers from twenty districts, and thirteen directors from ten districts. Professor F. A. Allen, of Tioga County, and B. F. Taylor, of Chester County, were the foreign help. The institute in 1858 was held in Newport during Christmas week, and styled " Our first home institute." At the institute held in Laudisburg in De- cember, 1859, Professor J P. Wickersham, ot the Normal School at Millersville, was the instructor. In December and .January, 1860 and 1861, the eighth, ninth and tenth meetings, of three days each. Mere held at Loysville, Dun- cannon and Liverpool. In 1862 the institute was held at Newport. In 1864 there were two meetings of the County Institute. In 1865 the meeting was held at Newport and attended by Professor S. W. Clark and Hon. Charles R. Coburn. Much interest by the citizens and the attendance of fifty teachers were the comments by Superintendent Jacob Gantt. From this time to tlie present the annual sessions have been held in the court- house in Bloomfield, in accordance with the usages of other counties of the State. The County Institute for 1866 began at Bloomfield on the 1st day of January, 1867, and Mas attended by seventy teachers. Hon. J. P. Wickersham, Professor Edward Brooks, J. R. Sypher, Esq., Miss Lide A. Stetson, elocu- tionist, William C. Shuman and A. S. Manson lectured and gave instruction. At this institute six hundred words were spelled by the teachers, and eleven prizes were awarded. The highest award was a Webster's (Quarto Dictionary, which was won by William 938 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. C. Shuman, an instructor; but he requested, for the reason tliat he was not teaching in the county, that it be given to the next best speller, who was O. B. Super, of Juniata township. For this act of generosity Captain D. Ij. Tressler ofiTered the following: "Resolved, That this institute as highly com- mend the heart that could yield the \)v\z% as the head that could win it." The success of this institute was pronounced by the emphatic indorsement given by Hon. B. F. Junkiu, to whom the writer dedicates this sentence of credit. The next institute met at Bloomfield, on the 23d of December, 1867, and was attended by one hundred and thirty-five actual teachers out of a possible attendance of one hundred and sixty-seven. The instructors were: In elocution, J. W. Shoemaker, founder of the National School of Elocution and Oratory, in Philadelphia; arith- metic and etymology, C. H. Harding ; drawing and object-teaching, J. V. Montgomery; or- thography and grammar, A. N. Raub. Another spelling contest was held and eight prizes, valued at forty dollars, were donated by persons attending the institute. H. C. Magee, of Centre township, stood first this year. The session of the institute for 1868 met in Newjiort, on the 21st of December, and was largely attended by teachers and citizens. The following persons instructed : Elocution and reading, J. W. and Mrs. Shoemaker; geogra- phy, drawing and penmanship, J. V. Mont- gomery; grammar and etymology, A. N. Raub. At this meeting Professor Montgomery present- ed a silver medal to Mary E. Sowers, of Mil- lerstown, for the best penmanship. Four prizes were given for spelling. The sessions of the County Institute for 1869, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74 and '75 were held at Bloomfield in December of each year, and for each able instructors were secured fnjm abroad. They were not varied in jilan from those of pre- vious years, except that music was given a reg- ular place on the program and the evening lec- ture course was begun. Wallace Bruce, of New York, was the first engaged on the lecture course. This year it was decided to hold the County Institute in these places. The teachers of the First District met in Duncannon on the 18th of December. There were thirty-three teachers in attendance, who, with some former teachers, did the principal part of the work for the week. Miss Florence Chidester, of New York, gave drills in elocution and calisthenics, and an even- ing elocutionary entertainment; Wallace Bruce, of New York, lectured on "Land-marks of Scott," and George L. Mavis, Esq., principal of the State Normal School, at West Chester, in- structed in language lessons, composition and object-teaching. The institute for the Second District was held at jNIillerstown, and began on Monday, 25th of December, There were fifty-five teachers en- rolled. Miss Maria L. Sanford, of Swarthmore College, and Dr. J. H. Shumaker, of Cham- bersburg, each gave an evening lecture and in- structed during the day sessions. The teachers of the Third District met in Lan- disburg on the 2d of January, 1877. Miss Sanford gave instruction and an evening lecture, and Professor E. A. Angell, of the Cumberland Valley Normal School, instructed during the day sessions and gave three evening exercises. Mr. L. W. Turner, of Liverpool, served as mu- sical conductor at each of these institutes. The work of the teachers was earnest and willing everywhere this year. The twenty-eighth session of the institute was held at Bloomfield, December 24 to 28, 1877. At this institute an enrolling clerk made a list of the teachers, and issued to each a Teachers' Institute ticket; and a reporter, in addition to two secretaries, were added to the organization. The custom of publishing the proceedings in pamjJilet form was begun and has been contin- ued ever since. This institute established the precedents lor the evening lecture course, and the papers by the teachers. Of the teachers at this session it was said by one competent to judge: "The teachers oi Perry County have demonstrated that they are ladies and gentlemen, and are not inferior to those who visit us from a distance." The institutes of 1878, '7;», '80 were held at Bloomfield in December of each year, and were successful meetings, following the general plan PERRY COUNTY. 939 distinctly outlined, with the additional and dis- tinctive feature of having pupils' work on exhi- bition, and examined by a committee of teachers. The sessions of 1881, '82, '8.3, '84, '85 were held at Bloomfield in December of each year, during the week preceding Christmas, and were well at- tended. With the establishment of the evening- lecture course began the enrollment fee charged each teacher, at first thirty-five and now sev- enty-five cents. The funds for defraying the expenses of the in- structors and lecturers and printing the pamphlet reports are provided for in this way, and by charging persons not members of the institute an admission fee to the lectures. That a methodically arranged and well-man- aged Teachers' Institute is a moulder of public sentiment admits of no argiunent. But whether the best method of accomplishing the work they attempt is secured by them, is a debatable question. The effect of recent legislation will test their stability. The branches now required by law to be taught in the public schools are spelling, reading, writing, written and mental arithmetic, geogra- phy, English grammar. United States history and physiology, anatomy and narcotics. The subject of United States history was added in 1867, and physiology, anatomy and narcotics in 1885. The compulsory clause of the law making this latter branch a study rouses much bitter antag-onism. With the county superintendency in 1854, began the system of examination of teachers and the issuing of provisional certificates for one year, and it has been continued ever since. The writer believes that the time for a change in these particulars has come, and that, — 1st. Provisional certificates should be issued for three years. 2d. Township as well as borough districts should have district principals. 3d. School directors should have at least the advan- tages of a public school teacher's education. 4th. Directors should purchase the books at the ex- pense of the district. 5th. Better qualified teachers at higher salaries should be employed, .and that the teacher distin- guished for skill in imparting instruction should be engaged for the primary schools. The exhibit placed in Pennsylvania Educa- tional Hall, at Philadelphia Centennial Ex- hibition, by Perry County in 1876 consisted of a " History of Perry County " in 1873, by Silas Wright, a map of Perry County showing the townships, principal towns, mountains, streams and iron-ore deposits drawn in ink, by Profes- sor L. E. McGinnis, now principal of the pub- lic schools of Steelton, Pa., and a pamphlet con- taining examination questions, specimens of pupils' work in geography, drawing, spelling and arithmetic, together with a table of school statistics of the county, and a teachers' pro- gramme. This pamphlet was in manuscript. A total of $9.08 towards the expenses of erecting Pennsylvania Educational Hall was contributed by the teachers and pupils of thirteen schools. There is no public library in the county. Recommendations pointing to a uniform course of study for the borough public schools were incorporated into the proceedings of the last County Institute. Liverpool borough has the credit of graduating, in the spring of 1886, the first and only class from a High School in the county. County Superintexdexts. — Of the incum- bents of the office of county superintendent in Perry County, Rev. Adam R. Height, of Me- chanicsbnrg, Cumberland County, Pa., had com- menced his pastoral lab.rs in Bloomfield Luth- eran charge on the 1st of March, 1854, and Avas in the county long enough to secure his election at the first triennial convention of school direc- tors, which met in the court-house in Bloomfield on the 5th of June, 1854. This convention was organized by the election of Hon. Joseph Baily, of Miller township, president, and James L. Diven, of Landisburg, secretary. A motion was made to fix the salary at six hundred dollars per annum, which was lost, and the convention finally settled on the yearly sal- ary of three hundred dollars as the amount to be paid. The following is a list of the jjersons put in nomination and the number of votes each had per ballot : Kojninations, Ballots. 1st. 2d. ,Sd. Rev. A. R. Height, Bloomfield... 42 47 .51 William Brown, Penn township. 33 42 49 940 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Rudolphus Heim, Laudisburg... 6 11 W Albert A. Owen, Landisburg 16 W Henry Titzell, Juniata township. 4 W Henry G. Milans, Bloomfield.... W Rev. Solomon Bingham W Daniel Brink, Liverpool borough W Rev. Height was elected on the third ballot by a majority of two votes, and was commis- sioued soon after his election, in the same month, and entered upon the duties of examin- ing teachers in the following September. Rev. Height administered school affairs in a zealous, prompt and efficient manner. That he wished their improvement is shown in his reports of visits, and suggestions which he published in the newspapers from time to time. At the second triennial convention, which met in May, 1857, Rev. Theodore P. Bucher, of Cumberland County, a recently-graduated tiieological student, was elected. The year be- fore his election Rev. Bucher had brought himself into prominence by opening Mount Dempsey Academy, at Landisburg. This, with his exemplary behavior in Newport (where he had been a clerk in Thatcher's store when a boy), enabled him to carry off the prize. Superintendent Bucher continued to teach during the summer months in Mount Demp- sey Academy, devoting the time to the exam- ination of teachers and the visitation of schools after his summer term of school had closed. The plan of examining teachers and visiting schools adopted was followed with slight modifications His first Teachers' Institute was held at Bloom- field during the Christmas week of 1858, and was attended by the teachers from most of the districts of the county. This was the first edu- cational meeting attended by the writer, who was then a boy in the common school, and went there with his father, a teacher. Of tlie teaciiers we met and became acquainted with were George W. Bretz, of Howe township ; Jacob Gantt, of Centre township ; J. Don L. Gantt, of Oliver township ; W. C. B. Miller, of Green- wood township ; Dr. Wm. M. Ray, of New Germantown ; William E. Baker, of Saville ; George W. Hench, of Saville ; S. B. Kerr, of Tuscarora township; and H. B. Milans, of New Bloomfield. Of the persons who were active in the work of this institute, and who were not teachers, were B. F. Junkin and Daniel Gantt, Esqs. The instructors from a distance were Profes- sor Fordyce A. Allen, of Tioga County, and Professor B. F. Taylor, of Chester County. The instructors in these days were fearless in asserting their convictions and attacked the posi- tions taken by each other as vigorously as if thereby they battled with the ignorance of the times. Then, an institute instructor was ex- pected to solve all the " hard questions in arith- metic," parse all the difficult sentences found in Murray's, Kirkham's or Smith's grammars. Upon his ability to meet these requirements rested his reputation. Superintendent Bucher resigned in the sum- mer of 1859, and was succeeded by Lewis Bar- nett Kerr, of Tuscarora township, whose com- mission bore date of September 1,1859. Mr. Kerr filled the unexpired term with such ac- ceptance that he was elected by the third trien- nial convention, which met in May, 1860. Mr. Kerr was elected a second time by the sixth annual convention, on the eleventh ballot, by eight votes. He has had the second longest lease of the office. During the three years' term of the superin- tendency, beginning in 1860, the Civil War was in progress, and drew largely from the ranks of the teachers those who had had the long- est and most successful experience. To supply their places, inexperienced boys and young wo- men were called. At the fourth triennial con- vention, which met at Bloomfield on the 4th of May, 1863, Jacob Gantt, of JNIillerstown, was elected over William R. Cisna, on the fifth bal- lot, by a majority of fourteen votes. The salary, at the meeting of the third convention, was increased to four hundred dollars per annum, but this meeting reduced it to three hundred dollars again. During the last year of Mr. Gantt's term, through the efforts of Senator Kirk Haines, of Millerstown, the special act appropriating money from the county treasury to defray the expenses of an annual County Teachers' Insti- tute was extended to Perry. The fifth convention met in May, 1866, and PERRY COUNTY. 941 elected Silas Wright, of Greenwood township, on the third ballot, over Jacob Gantt and George W. Lester. Mr. Wright was not quite twenty-five years of age, and at that time the only graduate of a State Normal School in the county, having finished his course a year before, at Millersville, with the class of 1865. Silas Wkight, ex-superintendent of public schools, was born Septemljer 15, 1841, about three miles from Millerstown, in Wildcat (now deed for six hundred and forty acres of land ia Lower Merion township, fronting on the Schuylkill River (opposite Spring Mill) and ex- tending thence south. The paternal grandmother's family were the Van Comps, who have been traced to the In- dian's midnight destruction of the Dutch town of Esopus (now Kingston), N. Y. Silas Wright attended the wnter schools until his sixteenth year, when he began attending Perry) Valley, Greenwood township, Perry County, Pa. His maternal ancestry, the Bon- salls, have been traced to the number of five thousand, and in time to the Norman Conquest, when the name was Buntsall (good salt). The Taylors, of his paternal grandmother's family, have been traced to Isaac Taylor, of Lower Merion township, Montgomery County, Pa., more than acenturyago, and the Llewellyns, with whom Isaac Taylor intermarried, to Mau- rice lilewellyn, to whom William Penn gave a school in summer and teaching in winter, and thus continued until he was graduated from the State Normal School, at Millersville, Pa., in 1865. In 1865-66 he was associated as teacher with Mr. Jonathan K. Taylor, in a boys' acade- my, at Coatesville, Pa., and in the latter year was elected county superintendent of Perry for three years. During the summer of 1867 he founded the Juniata Valley Normal School, at Newport, I'a., which was opened the following year for a 942 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. summer session, at Millerstown, where it was continued by Mr. ^\^right as principal until 1878. Relying hpon his public record rather than his own efforts, in the canvass of 1869, he failed in his re-election by the convention of .school directors. He taught day and night-schools in Millerstown until August, 1870, when he ac- cepted a professorship in Bloomsburg State Nor- mal School, then in charge of Professor Henry Carver. Upon his resignation, in December, he gave a couple of weeks to institute work in the counties of Juniata, Periy and Columbia, when he accepted the principalship of the public schools of Plymouth borough, Luzerne County, Pa., and began his work in January following. He filled this position acceptably until the fol- lowing June, resigned and returned to the prin- cipalship of the Normal School at Millerstown. "While in this position his holidays and leisure hours were given to the collection of data and writing his "History of Perry County," which was published in 1873. The last proofs had scarce- ly been corrected when the death of George C. Welker, acting county superintendent, caused a vacancy in that office, which our historian was called to fill by appointment. The work of the following two years was so heartily indorsed by the convention of May 4, 1875, that Mr. Wright was again elected super- intendent on the first ballot, over six competi- tors. In the fall and winter of 1875-76 he wrote the history of Juniata, Mifflin and Perry Coun- ties, contained in Dr. Egle's " History of Penn- sylvania." His centennial address, " Millers- town and Vicinity," delivered in Millerstown on the 4th of July, 1876, was furnished for the Library of Congress and the State Library at Albany, and printed at their own expense. The leisure of the summer of 1876 was given to tracing the Juniata branch of the Bonsall family, and a copy of this work in MSS. was furnished to the librarian of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. During the months of August and Sept., 1877, the "History of Education in Perry County" was prepared and published by him. From Sept., 1878, until July, 1 880, Mr. Wright was principal of the Soldiers' Orphans' School, McAlisterville, Juniata County. From Sej^tember, 1880, until the 1st of February, 1881, he held a similar position in tiie Soldiers' Orphans' School at Ches- ter Springs, Chester County. From September, 1881, until June, 1882, he was principal of the Liverpool borough public schools. September 7, 1885, he entered upon the duties of principal of Newport borough public schools, which po- sition he fills at the time of writing this sketch. Professor Wright has devoted his life-work to the education of the rising generation. As a teacher, his devotion to duty has been marked, and his pupils are to be found among the foremost business men of the day. As a director of schools and superintendent, his executive ability gained the confidence of all who knew him, and his knowledge of school-work gave him an enviable place as an educator in the county. Prof. Wright is also an experimental and intel- ligent farmer, and was foremost in organizing the Farmers' Protective Association in Green- wood township on May 8, 1884. On July 15, 1869, he married Fanny C, daughter of Wilson H. and Mary Ann Calhoun, of Union vi lie, Centre County, formerly a teach- er, by whom he has had three children, viz. : , Alma D., died at the age of five years, in 1875, Winfred J. and Bertha C. Wright. The seventh triennial convention, which met on the 7th of May, 1872, fixed the salary at seven hundred dollars. Superintendent Gantt had succeeded in having the salary raised to five hundred dollars by a special meeting of direct- ors called after his election. This convention elected George C. Welker, of Liverpool bor- ough, over G. C. Palm, on the third ballot, by a majority of eight votes. Mr. Welker died before the end of his first year in office, and was succeeded by Silas Wright, whose commission was dated on the 1st of April, 1873. Mr. Wriglit filled out this un- expired term with sufficient acceptance, that wlien the eighth convention met, in May, 1875, he was elected over six competitors on the first ballot. At tlie ninth convention, in May, 1878, S. B. Fahnestock, of Duncannon, was elected over Rev. John Edgar. At tiie tenth conven- tion, in May, 1881, J. R. Flickinger, of Bloom- PERKY COUNTY. 943 field, was elected over S. B. Fahnestock. At the eleventh couveution, in May, 1884, Emmett U. Aumiller, of Liverpool township, was elected over S. B. Fahnestock. Of the persons who have held the office of county superintendent, the Eevs. Height and Bucher and Professor Flickinger were gradu- ated at colleges. Messrs. Wright, Fahnes- tock and Aumiller are graduates of State Normal Schools. Messrs. Kerr, Gantt and Welker attended academies and also common schools. Jesse Miller, who was born in JNIillei'stown in 1800, was secretary of the commonwealth and superintendent of common schools during the administration of Governor Shunk. Mr. jMiller has the credit of first directly sug- gesting to the Legislature the jjjan of the county superintendency. Hon. Jesse Miller died Au- gust 20, 1850. He was educated in the common .schools. CHAPTER V. BOROUUH OF NEW BLOOMFIELD. The tract of land on which the borough of New Bloomfield is situated was first settled upon by David Mitchell, who made some improve- ment upon it and sold it, about 1784 or 1785, to Thomas Barnett, then living at " The Cove," within the present limits of Penn toMniship. Barnett warranted the tract, which contained four hundred and eighteen acres, Decem- ber 19, 1785, and received a patent for it Au- gust 17, 1796. In this patent the tract was named " Bloomfield," and from this circum- stance came the application of the name to the seat of justice of Perry County when the tract was selected for its site, in 182.3.^ iThe story has been often told, and generally believed, that the town derived its name from the fact that when, on the 1st of June, 1823, the site was selected, the clover was in full bloom. The name of the tract in the patent given twenty-seven years previous was the leading cause for the name. It is stated that Mrs. George Barnett was given the privilege of naming the town, and she gave the name " Bloomfield," when objections were made that there were many towns of that name. She then proposed that it be called " New Bloomfield," which was adopted. Beginnings of the Town. — The laud of Thomas Barnett passed to his son, George Bar- nett, May 10, 1804. The commissioners ap- pointed by the Governor, under the act of IMarch 31, 182.3, located the coimty-seat upon his farm. Their report was made to the Governor and con- firmed in the spring of 1824, and, on the 12th of April in that year, Barnett conveyed to the commissioner of the county, in consideration of one dollar, a tract of land lying on both sides of the road leading from Carlisle to Sunbury, which contained eight acres and one hundred and thirty-six perches (five hundred and sixty- four and six hundred and eighty-four feet), and also granted to the commissioners forever the privilege of using the waters of a large spring near the southwest boundary of the tract for the benefit of the public, free from all obstruc- tions. On the 13th of May the same year, in consideration of sixty-eight cents, he conveyed to the commissioners a tract of five acres of wood- land, " situate on the north side of the road leading from tlie Dutch meeting-hou.se, in Ju- niata township, to the Blue Ball tavern." Soon after the purchase of this tract of land the commissioners employed Robert Kelly to lay it out into sixty-four lots, with three streets running easterly and westerly — Main Street, sixty-six feet wide ; McClure Street, sixty feet; and High Street, fifty feet — one street northerly and southerly — Carlisle Street, sixty-six feet wide. This street was the line of the Carlisle and Sunbury State road. A public square was laid out at the intersection of Main and Carlisle Streets, and four square lots abutting the public square were reserved for public use. On the northeast corner the court-house was erected in 1826, and the corner opposite was specified and has always been known as the " market-house lot," although no house has ever been erected upon it. The lots on the other corners were sold by the commissioners. On one of them stands tiie hotel, and the other is now vacant. The jail was built in 1825 on lots Nos. 24 and 42. On Wednesday, June 23, 1824, the commissioners offered for sale, at public vendue, twenty-six lots, w hich were nearly all sold, and the deeds given August .3d in that year. Andrew Shuman became the purchaser of lot 944 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. No. 1, fronting on Main Street and on the northeast corner of the public square, now owned by the estate of the Hon. Charles J. T. Mclutire. Robert Kelly, who for many years was a schoolmaster and surveyor, bought lot No. 9, fronting on Carlisle Street south of the market-house lot, now occupied by the bank and Jacob Fenstermacher's store. Lot No. 10, opposite the Kelly lot, was bought by Robert H. McClelland, who was a merchant in Landis- burg. He sold it January 5, 1826, to John Rice. Next south was lot No. 12, bought by Dr. Jonas Ickes, who sold it. May 6, 1828, to George Grosjean, a Frenchman and a carpenter, who resided in the town many years. Next south was No. 14, bought by Isaac and Richard Kirkpatrick, now owned by Judge B. F. Junkin. On the corner of Carlisle and Mc- Clure Streets was lot 10, owned by William Waugh, and sold by him, June 22, 1827, to William B. Mitchell. Lot No. 11, on Carlisle Street, first below Fenstermacher's store, was owned by James Atcliley, who formerly kept tavern in Landisburg. Lot No. 8 was bought by Michael Hubler, a blacksmith. It was on Main Street and is the hotel lot owned by James B. Hackett. Hubler sold it to Dr. Jonas Ickes, January 6, 1825, who built tiie tavern-house upon it and kept it from 182() until he bought the Perry Hotel property, corner of Carlisle and Main Street. David Lupfer purchased lot No. 17, directly north of the court-house, and soon after erected a two-story brick tavern upon it. Next north John Hippie bought lot 19. He had kept tavern in Landisburg from 1819 until his election as sheriff, in 1826, when he moved to Bloomfield. After the expiration of his term he bought the Warm Springs property and kept tavern there for several years. Above his lot was No. 19, at the corner of Carlisle and High Streets, which was owned by Captain William Power. Lot No. 4, on Main Street, was bought by Alexander Magee, then editor of the Perry Forester at Landisburg. Upon it, in 1831, he built the house now owned In* his son, the Hon. John A. Magee. West of this was Lot No. 2, owned by Nicholas Ulrich, now the property of Edward R. Sponsler. At the time Bloomfield was laid out tliere was no building upon its site. The Union Church edifice was on land adjoining the tract, on the north side of the road. The first build- ing erected was a small story-and-a-half house constructed of sawed logs. It was on lot No. 36, southeast corner of Carlisle and McClure Streets, and was built by John Attick. The lot is now owned by A\'illiam Wise. John Rice took the contract for building the jail, and in 1824 moved from Ickesburg to a house on the Caspar Lupfer farm. He began building on lot 46 in that year and was licensed to keep a public-house in January, 1825. He opened a tavern and a store, the latter of which he kept till about 1850. The lot he bought of George Barnett August 23, 1825. The lot No. 48, separated from No. 46 by an alley, and now owned by William Rice, was bought of George Barnett May 30, 1825. On the 14th of Sep- tember, 1826, the commissioners advertised for sale two of the town lots, Nos. 27 and 28, which were bought, November 11, 1826, by John D. Creigh, who erected upon them the brick build- ing now the Perry Hotel, kept ])y David Bower. In the year 1826, a Fourth of July celebration was held at New Bloomfield. Ralph Smiley was president of the meeting. The Declaration of Independence was read by John Harper. The orator of the day was Charles B. Power. A repast was prepared at the Spring by Dr. Jonas Ickes, then keeping the " Rising Sun Inn," on the site of the Hackett House. In Ma}', 1825, a post-office was established at Bloomfield, with Dr. Jonas Ickes as post- master. On the 12th of April, 1827, Robert H. Mc- Clelland moved his store from Landisburg to New Bloomfield, and continued until 1830. April 26, 1827, Dr. Thomas Vanderslice, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, opened an office at John Rice's tavern. He lived here until 1830, and died of the small-pox. The first preaching by the jMethodists was on June 18, 1829, in the court-iiousc, at " early candle-light," by the Rev. Mr. Tarring. The Perry Forester of August, 1826, says of Bloomfield: " It contains eighteen snngand com- fortable buildings, some of whicli are large PERRY COUNTY. 945 and commodious, besides from 12 to 15 stables." In addition to tliem, the jail was built in 1825 ; tlie court-hoii.se was buildins; in 1826. As showinsr the growth of Bloomfield in three years, the following from the Forester of April, 1829, is here given : "There are now in Bloomfield 29 dwelling-houses, 21 shops and ofBees, court-house and j.tII, 4 stores, 5 taverns, 1 printing-office, 2 shoemaker-shops, 2 tailor- shops, 1 saddler, 4 cabinet-makers, 1 hatter, 1 tinner, 2 blacksmith-shops, 2 tanneries, 2 or 3 carpenters, more than half a dozen lawyers and half as many doctors. The population of the town is about 220. lyittle more than four years ago the site upon which the town stands was an enclosed clover-field, with not a solitary building upon it." John Gotwalt was a chair-malcer. Dr. Jonas Iclves was carrying on the tavern (Hackett House), a drug-store and practicing his professit)n in this year. David Deardorif was keeping tavern on Car- li.sle Street, below Main, where Mrs. McClure's store now is, and continued until after 1837. Robert H. McClelland's store was next below. He continued until February 3, 1830, when Jeremiah Drexler rented the room fur a tailor- shop. Dr. Thomas Simouton, of Ickesburg, in 1829, built the house long known as the Barracks, since torn down. The residence of William A. Sponsler stands upon its site. Dr. Thomas L. Cathcart opened an office (October 14, 1830, and continued many vears. April 22, 1830, Dr. J. H. Doling opened an office in John Rice's tavern. William Mc- Caskey was a tailor. Adam M. Axe carried on the manufacture of saddles and harness a few doors west of John Rice's tavern, and Mrs. Jane Axe carried on millinery and mnntua- making. In 1831, in addition to those pre- viously mentioned, Jolin Dunbar was a cabinet- maker ; Henry Fritz was a mason ; Thompson A. Godfrey, merchant ; Joseph Johnston, wagon maker ; David Lupfer, blacksmith; Alexander Moyer, printer ; James Marshall, tanner ; Christian Smith, blacksmith ; John Crist, a weaver. Robert R. Guthrie came to the town in 1830, as a silversmith, and opened a shop in a building now occupied by Samuel Bensel as a GO tailor-shop. He continued business in the town until after 1 870. John Dubbs was a merchant, and kept a store in the house now owned by the heirs of Captain Conrad Roth, where he remained sev- eral years, and for some years the building wa.s occupied as a dwelling and shoemaker-shop, and later was opened by Captain Roth as a store and dwelling. Alexander Magee built a dwellings-house on lot No. 4 in 1831, and kept a store in a small building on lot No. 2 (now E. R. Sponsler) for several years. The building is now part of the Fenstermacher Row. Charles B. Davis, a lawyer, who was admitted to the bar September, 1821, after the removal of tiie courts to Bloomfield, came to the place from Landisburg and began practice, which he continued until 1829, when he died. Benjamin Mclntire, who was admitted to the bar in 1825, came to Bloomfield soon after the county-seat was located here, and January 20, 1828, bought lot No. 1 of Andrew Shuman and erected the hou.se on lot No. 1, adjoining tlie court-house, where he lived until his death. John D. Creigh, who in 1828 bought lots Nos. 27 and 28, erected first the brick house now owned and occupied by Reuben Minnich, and later the east end of tlie tavern, which he i-ented to Jonas Ickes, who bought the property when offered for sale in February, 1831. Ickes later ', built a small store, where the parlor of the'' hotel now stands. After the purcha.se Ickes,' rented it one year, from March 17th, to Michael,' Shuman, who was then running a saw-mill and- ■ keeping a store at what is now Clark's Mill, ' and sold the goods of the store at public sale, August 22, 1832. ;; Peter Thuma, in 1831, bought the propertv'; (now the Hackett House) and kept it about a year, when he moved to his farm. It was then successively rented to John Conghfin, George.. Wetzel, John Sutch and others, until purchased by George Hackett, whose heirs still own it. Conrad Roth was licensed to keep a tavern in 1831, and kept it many years, and until his death. It was kept many years after and taken down. The present building was used as a temperance house until the spring of 1885. It 946 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. is now owned by Samuel Roath. David Lup- fer, who, in 1824, bought lot 17, north of the court-house, carried on blacksmithing several years, and in 1829 built upon the lot a two-story brick house which, in 1830, he opened as a pub- lic-house, and continued until about 1854. It was later kept by Isaac Dunkel, James Powers, and from 1862-65 by Thomas Sutch. In 1866 it passed to George Derick, who kept it as a public-house until his death, and it has since been kept by Mi's. Derick as a temperance house. The Perry Hotel, which in 1831 was kejit by Michael Siuiman, was kept from 1832 to 1841 by Dr. Jonas Ickes, who owned the property. From that time it was kept by Williams Le'ds, John D. Crilley, Michael Kepner, George Hac- kett, William Lackey, John R. Shuler, James Power, Frank Speckman, David Rice, and by Thomas Sutch from the summer of 1864 to the spring of 1883, when it was rented to David Bower, who is now the owner aud the laud- lord. William McClure, a son of William McClure, of Tyrone townshiji, who located the land on which the alms-house now stands, was a tanner by trade, and on the 21st of September, 1824, purchased of George Barnett lots Ni:>. 42-44, on the town plat of Bloomfield, aud built upon them a tannery. James Marshall and Alexander McClure, his nephew (now of Philadelphia), learned the trade at this tannery. Mr. McClni-e "owned and operated the tannery until 1842, when he sold it to Henry S. Forrey, who also opened a store in town and purchased the Mar- 'shall tannery. The ]McClure tannery passed to various persons, among whom were James ^Ic- Neal, Wilson McKee, Joseph Page, Bucher & Simpson and Daniel Bucher, Sr., who, in 1805, sold it to Sanuiel A. Pcale, by whom it was continued until its abandonment, in 1873. The property is still owned by Mr. IVale. James Marshall, who learned the trade of William McClure, purchased of George Barnett a lot of land, one hundred and thirty-six by two linndred and ten feet, on the south side of Mc- Clure Street, now owned by William Rice and Samuel Sutch, March 26,1830. In 1851 it ^^•as owned by John Bower, who sold it to Wil- liam Peale, by whom it was continued until he was killed, in 1800. From that time it was con- tinued by his son, Samuel A. Peale, uutil March, 1866, when it was destroyed by fire. George Arnold, about 1836, opened a shoe- shop in the basemeut of David Lupfer's tavern (now Mrs. Derick's), where he remained many years. He kept from ten to twelve workmen employed and carried on a large business. He now lives, at an advanced age, a short distance west of Bloomfield. In 1837, Thomas Black was keeping a store where James Clark's tin-shop now is. Daniel Gallatin, who previously kept tavern at Sterrett's Gap, was keeping a store in this year in what was then known as Gallatin's R(iw, on the east side of Carlisle Street, on the ground now occu- pied by the bank and several stores and dwell- ings. Stores were kept in the row later by A. C. Klink and others. The blacksmith-shop now on the corner of Church and Main Streets was, in 1837, kept by John McBride, and adjoining was a wagon-shop, kept by James McCord. Christian Smith's blacksmith-shop was then on the site of Adams' store. AVilliam Sponsler, a brewer, of Carlisle, came to Bloomfield, and, on the 6th of April, 1833, purchased of George Barnett ten thousand seven hundred and nineteen square feet of land, lying on the east side of Carlisle Street, on which he erected a bi'ew- house aud conducted the business of brewing until 1843, when it was abandoned and the building remained unoccupied for sev- eral years. Latterly it has been used as a foundry. Jeremiah Madden, :vho was an associate judge of Perry County from its organization until 1832, a cooper by trade, purchased several acres of land of George Barnett, on the west side of Carlisle Street, at the south end of the town, now the property of Sila.s W. Colin. Upon this land he built a coopcr-siiop, where, when not engaged in other duties, he carried on his trade. About 1848 the building was fitted up as a foundry by Alexander I'ower, who soon after took James Power, his nephew, into partnership with him. About 1852 the foundry was re- moved to the old brewery buildiug, where James Power continued the business a few PERRY COUNTY. 947 years, when it was sold to Smith & McClintock. They were succeeded by Smith & Dum. Since tlie time of tlie latter the business has been car- ried on by Smitli & Tressler, Egolf & McAlister, Killian Dunkel and George Snyder, the last of whom sold it, June 27, 1877, to the present own- ers, Waggoner & Shiebley. A meeting was held in the town November 25, 1830, for the purpose of organizing a fire company. It was later aceomplislied and was named the " Bloomfield Marine Fire Company." A hand-engine and other necessary equipment was purchased, but the company existed only for a few j'ears, and was extinct in 1836. Several companies have been organized since that time, but were all short-lived. Incorporation. — The citizens of Bloomfield met on the 25th of November, 1830, to consider the expediency of petitioning the Legislature for a borough charter, and it was decided so to do. The petition was presented and resulted in the incorporation of Bloomfield borough March 14, 1831, with the following boundaries : " Beginning at a post at the east corner of a bridge over George Barnett's mill-race; thence through said Barnett's land south, 59^ west, 32 perches to a post, on the line of John Clesse's lands ; thence south, 15^ east, perches to the corner of said Clesse's land; thence along the same, and lands of Caspar Lupfer south, 61}° west, 37fj perches to a post and stones ; thence by lands of said Lupfer so as to include lands of John Clesse, John D. Creigh, Dr. Jonas Ickes, A. M. Axe, John Eice, M. Hubler and Samuel Kline- peter, to a post on the line of said Lupfer, at the north- west corner of said Klinepeter's land, to the southwest corner of J. M. Duncan's land; thence along the line thereof north, so as to include the same to the north- west corner of the county land ; thence by the same to the northeast corner thereof; thence north, 73° east, 44 perches to a black oak on George Barnett's land; thence south, 30° east, 130 perches to a black oak on the road leading from Barnett's to McOown's ; thence south, 15° west, 56 perches to the bridge and place of beginning." The charter was amended for school purposes April 8, 1833, and March 18, 1856. The election for borough officers was held on Friday, March 18, 1831, with the following result (taken from the Perry Forester) : Btir(/ess. — Alexander Magee, 21 votes ; John Harper, 19 votes. Council. — Benjamin Mclntyre, 38 votes; William M. McClure, 34 votes; David Lupfer, 37 votes; Thomas Patterson, 33 votes; Isaac Keiser, 53 votes ; John Rice, 33 votes ; Alexander Magee, 19 ; John Harper, 17 ; scattering, 9. Street Coniinissioncr. — David DeardorfT, 35 votes ; Jonas Ickes, 18 votes; Casper Roth, 11 votes ; Michael Shuman, 6 votes. Constable. — John Gotwalt, 33 votes ; John Earnest, 19 votes; George Grosjean, 12 votes. The early records of the borough have been lost for several years, and but few farther facts are obtainable. Additions were made to the town plat by tlie laying out of lots by ^Matthew Shuman before 1833, on the west of the town, and Ijy George Barnett on the north side of High Street. Ad- ditions were also made on the west side, south of Main Street. The large spring on the lot ad- joining the residence of Dr. Strickler was one of the causes that brought about the location of the county-seat upon the present site. The use of its waters was granted by Mr. Barnett to the people of the place forever and free from all obstructions. Post-Office. — A post-office was first estab- lished in the town under the administration of John Quincy Adams, in May, 1825, with Dr. Jonas Ickes as postmaster. He resigned in June, 1830, and Joseph Duncan was appointed to fill the vacancy, July 1st following. He served until March, 1835, when he was suc- ceeded by Alexander Magee, who served until the administration of Harrison, in 1841, at which time Robert R. Guthrie was appointed. In 1845, under President Polk, Samuel G. Morrison was appointed part of the term and resigned. He was succeeded by Francis M. AYatts and Joseph M. Shatto, who served the re- mainder of the term. In 1849 Robert R. Guthrie was again appointed to the office, and was fol- lowed in 1853, under President Pierce, by Isaac N. Shatto, who held also under Buchanan. Jacob Fenstermacher and Dr. Isaac Lefevre both served under Buchanan. Upon the elec- tion of Lincoln, Joseph ^Miller came to the office and resigned in 1865, upon which Samuel Roath was appointed, but not confirmed ; and under Andrew Johnson, Mrs. Elizabeth Dickson was appointed and served until December, 1869, when Samuel Roath became postmaster. 948 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and served until October, 1885, when he was succeeded by James B. Clark, the present post- master. The Perry County Bank. — Tliis institu- tion was established as a bank of discount and deposit in 1866 by Sponsler, Junkin & Co. William A. Sponsler was chosen president, and William Willis «;shier, who still continue in the same capacity. Business was opened in the office of the Perry County Mutual Fire Insurance Company, September 20, 1866, and carried on there until the completion of the bank building, in the spring of 1868, when the business was removed to that place, where it is still continued. Schools. — The old school-house on the Bar- iiett farm, south of the mill-race, on the road pa.st the Barnett mansion to Duncannon, was used for a few yeai's after the founding of the town. A lot on the north side of High Street, east of the German Reformed Church, was, however, donated by George Barnett, and upon this land a small brick school-house was built. That this was as early as 1829 is shown by the fact that " the stockholders of the school-house" jiiet December 26th, of that year, at the tavern- house of David Deardorff, at " early caudle- light to attend to imjiortant business." On tiie 7th of March, 1S;]1, Alexander Magee, James Hill and Joseph Marshall were elected trustees of the school to serve with John Rice and Isaac Keiser. These trustees met later in March to engage a teacher for the school. John Heineman taught school one term in the tavern-house of John Rice, in the winter of 1830-31, and also taught in the new house when completed. He was succeeded in the w'inter of 1831—32 by Lowell. Among tlie teachers prior to 1840 were Samuel Black, Samuel Ramsey and John L' Amoreaux. The old school-house was used as originally built luitil necessity demanded increa.se of accommo- dations, when an addition was made to the north end. Later more room was needed, and another hou.se was built on the south side of McClure Street, which was used until the present hou.se was completed, in 1870. The old house was torn away and the new one was erected on the .sanae lot at a cost of nine thousand dollars. The numl)er of pupils attending .school in 1884 was one hundred and forty-eight. Beoomfield Academy. — The first mention of action taken towards the establishment of an academy at the county-seat is found in the Perry Forester in March, 1830, when a call was extended to the citizens to meet to consider the propriety of establishing an academy. On the 25th of March the Forester contained the following : "The proceedings of tlie meeting, relative to the establishment of an academy at Blooomfield, are un- avoidably postponed.'' The academy seems not to have been organ- ized at this time nor for several years after. In the year 1837 Robert Finley, of Connec- ticut, came to Bloomfield and opened a Latin school in tlie room over the present bar-ronm in the tavern of Dr. Jonas Ickes (now David Bower). The pupils were Charles J. T. Mc- Intire, John A. Magee, John Creigh, Charles A. Barnett, George Harding and William A. Sponsler (three of whom are .still living in the town.) In the fall of that year he decided to open a High School, and on the 14th of Decem- ber issued the following circular: "Bloomfield Seminary. — The first term of this school will commence on the first Wednesday of Feb- ruary ne.xt under the instructions of the subscriber, . . . "R. Finley." "December 14, 1837. "The undersigned, having entire confidence in Mr. Finley, both as respects his competency and expe- rience as a teacher and his care over the morals of his pupils, and believing this place to be a desirable location for a Seminary, ... do cordially recommend the institution of Mr. Finley to the p.atronage of the public. "John Dickey, A. C. HARnim;, B. McIntire, Robert Kelly, David Lupfer, George Barnett, William M.McCu're, J. Madden, J. R. McClintock, James Marshall, John Dunhar, Jonas Ickes, .John Boden, George Stroup." The .school was opened at tlu' appointed time in the building known as the " Barracks" (now the site of William A. Sponsler's residence). Diu-ing the winter of 1837-38 a petition was sent to the Legislature asking for a charter for PERET COUNTY. 949 the Bloomfield Academy, and in accordance therewith, an act was passed April 13, 1838, incorporating the institution. The trustees mentioned in the act were Benjamin Mclntire, George Stroop, John McKeehan, John D. Creigh, John Boden, Jeremiah Madden, John R. McClintock and Robert Elliot. A meeting of the citizens was held at the court- house on the 3d of May following, and the act of incorporation was read and approved. The trustees then elected the Hon. Robert Elliot president, Robert Kelly, Esq., treasurer, and John D. Creigh secretary. The act provided that the State treasurer was authorized to pay to the treasurer of the academy two thousand dollars, to be used towards the erection of suitable buildings and purchasing a necessary library, mathematical, geographical or philosophical apparatus for the use of the academy, on condition that one thou- sand have been contributed for the purpose or purposes named. At a meeting of the board, May 8th, a report was made that Robert Finley had been employed at a salary of four hundred dollars per annum. At the same meeting it was resolved that the " trustees of the academy agree with John Smith to rent from him the one-half of a house in Bloomfield for the professor and students, and agree to pay him at the rate of §21.29, and taxes for the year, from the 21st of May till the 1st of April next." Also resolved that the room be prepared and furnished with desks, benches, chairs, etc., and be ready for use by May 21st, when the term was to begin. The school-room was in the old barracks, where Mr. Finley began the seminary, and was used until the academy buikling was completed, in 1840. The following; branches were to be taught in the academy : First class. — Geography, English grammar, book- keeping, arithmetic and modern history, at three dol- lars per quarter. Second class. — Natural history, natural philoso- phy, ancient historj- and algebra to quadrated equa- tions, at four dollars per quarter. Third class. — The Greek and Latin languages, chemistry, astronomy, rhetoric, logic, the higher branches of mathematics, mental and moral philoso- phy and evidences of Christianity, at five dollars per quarter. The hours of school were fixed at from eight until 12 o'clock M., and from two until five o'clock P.M. The term opened May 21, 1838, with twenty pupils, and closed August 3d following with an examination in the forenoon. On the same day, August 3d, an election for trustees was held, and Robert Elliot, John D. Creigh, Thomas Patterson, John Gotwalt, J. R. Mc- Clintock and B. Mclntire were chosen. At a meeting of trustees August 18, 1838, it was resolved : " That the trustees will receive proposals from per- sons who have sites to locate the building for the academy on, and request them to state particularly the location, boundaries, quantity and terms upon which it can be had; that the proposals be handed to the trustees on or before ten o'clock a.m., of the 1st of September next. "John D. Ckeigh, Secretanj." In answer to this call proposals were received of George Barnett (No. 1), John D. Creigh, William Powers, Jeremiah Madden and George Barnett (No. 2). Later otlier proposals were received from Mrs. Miller, INIehaffy, Ickes, Klinepeter and Clark. The sites were voted upon September 21st, and a lot offered by George Barnett was chosen, and a written con- tract made, the deed for which ^vas made Janu- ary 1, 1848. It is conceded that the site then selected was the knoll ea.st of the house of George Barnett. To the selection objection was made, and on January 9, 1839, a petition was handed to tlie board requesting a change of site to the west end of the borough, and offering an additional subscription of two hundred and forty-one dol- lars. The request was not granted, as the con- tract was made with ]\Ir. George Barnett for the lot and with Dr. Jonas Ickes for the erection of the buildings. This did not .satisfy those op- posing the selection, and they still insisted, and the following action was taken by the board of trustees at a meeting held March 1, 1839 : " Whereas the sura of one thousand dollars has been subscribed by individuals to aid the funds of the academy, a part of which is subscribed on condition that the site of the academy be removed to the north end of Carlisle Street; " Therefore Resolved, That the present location of the site for the academy be and the same is hereby 950 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. changed to the north end of Carlisle Street, and a committee be appointed to enter into a contract with Mr. George Barnett for four acres of laud at said place, on such terms as they may agree upon. "Resolved, that public notice be given by advertise- ments, that the trustees will receive proposals on the 14th of March for building a house of brick or stone, to be thirty feet by sixty feet from out to out and twenty-three feet high from top of foundation, to have a cupola and also a portico or vestibule in front of steps." ^ Dr. Ickes jiroceerled at once upon the erection of the building, which was comjileterl and oc- cnpied in 1840. A bell was purchased in Phil- adelphia at a cost, with fixtures, of §65.60, wiiich was paid by private subscription. In Febru- ary, 1842, it was resolved to open the acadeniy as a boarding-house for the teachers and pupils, and appoint a steward. The school was con- ducted under the various princijxils with moder- ate success. On the 10th of September, 1850, the trustees apjiointed two of tlieir number a committee to confer with the Presbytery of tlie Presbyterian Churcli with respect to the sale and transfer of the academy property to the control of that church. This, movement met with no success, and on the 20th of March, 1852, the trustees resolved to apply to the Legislature for the passage of a law enabling them to transfer the real estate and property of the Bloomfield Academy to the commissioners of the county, and that it be a county institution, the county to pav all debts against the trustees. A petition was presented to the Legislature and an act passed April 4, 1852, which directed the trustees to sell the school to the county; its commissioners, with certain others appointed by the court, to act as trustees. On the 4tli of December in that year, by res- olution of the trustees, the president of the l)oard was authorized to convey by deed all the I'cal estate belong to the Bloomfield Academy to the commissioners of Perry County, which was done January 3, 1853. Under the new manage- ment the school prospered well, and in January, 1854, the grand jury recommended that an ad- ditional building be erected for the better ac- commodation of the pupils. Finlaw McCown, a former trustee and commissioner of the coun- ty, had also left to the trustees of the academy a bequest of four hundred dollars for the purpose of erecting an additional building. The action of the grand jury and the notice of the legacy of Mr. IMcCown were presented to the com- missioners, who not only refused to grant the aid necessary to the erection of a building, but also refused to grant any company or associa- tion formed for the purpose the right to put up such additional buildings on the academy grounds. Upon this refusal the trustees ap- pointed a committee to secure grounds conven- ient to the academy building, for the purpose of erecting a suitable edifice to accommodate their necessities. An association was formed and eight hundred and twenty five dollars were sub- scribed for the purpose above mentioned. A small tract of land adjoining the academy was purchased of William ^IcKee and deed given to the trustees of the academy, who advertised for proposals to build a frame house, thirty-two by fifty feet and two stories high, to be ready for occupancy by May, 1854. It was comjileted and occupied. Troubles continued to affect the financial standing of the academy, and a petition was j)resented to the Legislature in the winter of 1854-55, asking permission to sell the prop- erty, which was granted by act passed April 3, 1855. The property was purchased, April 10, 1856, by the Rev. John B. Straw and R. G. Stephen, with a condition tiiat the buildings and property should always be. used fi)r a Higii and Normal School. The school was then placed under the charge of Professor James A. Stef)hens, who, January 6, 1862, became the owner, and sold to Rev. George S. Rea, who continued the school for a time when it was re- conveyed to Professor James A. Stephens, who, September 25, 1868, conveyed it to William Grier, the present owner. The princi]Kils who have been in charge of the a(^adeniy since its organization are as fol- low ; — 1838.— Professor Robert Finley. 18:59.— Rev. Matthew B. Patterson. 1842.— J. M. Sterns. 1843.— Samuel Ramsey. 1845.— Rev. Martin Smith. IS.")!!.- Rev. Matthew B. Patterson. 1853.- William S. Post; elected March 7tli, but did not serve. PERRY COUNTY. 951 1853.— Charles A. Barnett (August 1st). 1858. — Professor James A. Stephens. 1862.— George S. Rea. 1864. — Professor James A. Stephens. 1869.— T. A. Snively. 1870.— A. R. Keiffer. 1870.— W. H. Dill. 1872.— Rev John Edgar. 1877.— J. R. Flickinger. 1881.— Rev. John Edgar. 1883.— J. R. Flickinger. 1884.— William H. Schuyler. " Christ's Church.' — After the Indian wars had closed and the Revolution had successfully ended, the settlers in this valley located permanently, and, from all we can learn, the Lutheran portion of the population was the first to enjoy the stated preaching of the gospel. Of the original founders of the Lu- theran congregation at Bloomiield, we can give the names of only a few. The Comp family and Shover settled in this vicinity in about 1780; the Cless family, in 1785 ; the Clark, Fritz and Meyer families, in about 1790; the Westfall family, in 1791, and the Slouch, in 1795; the Smith, Crist and Sweger families, in 1800, and the Roth family, in 1803. Besides these, a number of others had settled in this part of the valley at the close of the last century ; but the exact time of their arrival we cannot learn. These families were scattered over an extended territory, and at that time the population was comparatively sparse. When visited by a minister of their church, they came together the distance of six, eight and even twelve miles, through dark, pathless forests, over hills and streams, to hear the glad tidings of peace and salvation by faith through Jesus Christ. Private dwellings, barn.s, school-houses and the shaded woods served them as places for divine worship. It is highly probable that they were occasionally visited, from 1780 to 1788, by the Rev. John G. Butler, of Car- lisle. "Immediately after this, the Rev. John T. Kiihl commenced visiting and preaching for the Lutherans in Sherman's Valley, and in 1790 located near Loys- ville. From 1788 to 1795 he preached also for the scattered members of the church in the vicinity of Bloomfield. Of his success here and of the condition of the congregation at that time, we have no authen- tic information. Some time in 1795 or 1796, Rev. Kiihl left Sherman's Valley: but where he located after he resigned here, we have no means of knowing. "Soon after this, the members in Sherman's Valley secured the spiritual labors of the Rev. John Herbst, 1 This is part of a discourse delivered by the Eev. D. H. Focht, on the 4th of October, 1857, based on Psalm cxliii. 5 ; "I remember the days of old." On that day, and foi- the last time, divine worship was celebrated in Christ's old Union Log Church. who located at Carlisle, Pa., in 1796, and took charge of the Lutheran congregation at Loysville, and preached also occasionally for the members here. We have been informed that he administered the sacraments among the members of the congregation, and it is probable that the congregation was regu- larly organized by him some time between 1797 and 1800. As the members were favored with occasional preaching, they naturally felt the want of a suitable house of v.'orship, and such a house they now resolved to build. "The Old Union Log Church. — This church was built jointly by the Lutherans and German Reformed on one acre and a half of land, which they bought of Jacob Lupfer for twelve dollars. This land was lo- cated by Mr. Lupfer in 1787 by order from the Land Office, surveyed for church purposes in 1802 and con- veyed by deed to the two denominations on the 14th of May, 1804, and is now embraced in the borough of Bloomfield. Those of the members who were able to do so, furnished each one round or more of logs. These logs were fine white pine, oak and some poplar. After all the required timber had been brought to- gether, the church edifice was raised on Saturday, the 19th of .Tune, 1798. The building was thirty-six feet long by thirty feet wide. In erecting the edifice, heavy cross-beams were inserted for a gallery, which was, however, not constructed till about twenty-two years after. Soon after the building had been raised, Mr. Andrew Shuman covered it with a substantial roof; but, as we are informed, nothing more was done towards its completion till 1802. Thus for four years the edifice stood without doors, windows or floor. There was then no stove in the church (as it was called), and preaching only in summer. The congre- gation sat on slabs laid on blocks sawed from logs, and the minister, when preaching, stood behind a lit- tle, rough, wooden table. The earth served as floor, and the roof as the only covering overhead, whilst the naked walls, without doors and windows, sur- rounded the attentive congregation. In winter the minister preached in private dwellings in the vicinity. At that time, during the cold seasons of the year, there was jireaching here but seldom. The pastor resided at Carlisle, about eighteen miles oft', and the roads in the depth of winter must has been almost im- pa.ssable across the North Mountain and through the dreary forests of Sherman's Valley. "In 1801, Rev. Herbst resigned at Carlisle, and con- sequently ceased to visit the members here. In 1802 a floor was laid in the church, doors were put up and windows round below; the spaces for windows round above were closed with boards ; the seats remained as before, except that they were now raised on the floor, and the minister, as before, stood behind a small table when he preached. It is probable that about this time, or within a few years after, a stove was secured for the church. 952 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. " As the draft of the church-land, made in 1802, clearly shows, the ground on which the church was located and the lands all around it were at that time well timbered with large forest trees. About one acre and a half, lying northwest of the church, had been cleared a long time before, but was now densely covered with young pine bushes and sumac, and part of it was afterwards included in the grave-yard. A large pine tree stood in front of the church, facing what is now High Street. Near where the brick school -house now stands was a pond of water in which, at that time, an abundance of frogs sported, and all the low ground from the pond down to Big Spring was overgrown with underbrush andgreenbrier. The church was located on an eligible site. The place is considerably elevated on a dry gravel bank, which slopes away towards the north and rising sun ; north- west of it Lirae-itone Ridge rises gradually in bold re- lief, and on the southeast it overlooks Bloomfield and a small but beautiful valley, when, at a distauce of about one mile and a half, the view is bounded by tlie gracefully rising Mahanoy Ridge. A short dist- ance west of the the church the road forked — one road passed in front of the church and led to Carlisle ; the other j^asscd back of the church, overground now embraced in the grave-yard, and led to Juniata River at Newport. At the time when the church was erect- ed, all the lands around it, and nearly all that are now embraced in the borough of Bloomfield, were covered by a dense forest of large timber and under- wood. There was then not a house nearer than the old building on Mr. David Lupfer's farm and the dwellingof the late Mr. Barnett, each of them nearly a mile off. The church stood lonely in the woods to tell that God was worshipped there. "The grave-yard was commenced soon after the erection of the church. Peter Moses was the first person buried here, and a Mr. Cless the second. The grave-yard, back of the church leans against Limestone Ridge, and from a gradual ascent looks down towards the southeast. The dead were buried here many years before their graves were inclosed by' a fence. The grave-yard is now quite large, and the many white marble slabs, dotting it all over, tell the sad story of man's mortality." After the resignation of the Rev. Mr. Herbst tlie congregation did not have a regular pastor until 180'J, when tlie Rev. John Fred- erick Osterloh took charge of the Lutheran congregations in Sherman Valley, and served them until L81G, and in June, 181(3, by resolu- tion of the Synod the Rev. John William Heini become pastor, and .served until his deatli, De- cember 27, 1849. He preached entirely in the German language, and at the old log church once every four weeks. Mr. "t^ocht says, — " After the church had stood about twenty-two years, it was completed on the 19th of June, 1820. Seats were now constructed, and a pulpit, wine-glass shaped, and supported by a high post, was built against the northwest wall; around, isolated altar was placed in front of the pulpit; windows were in- serted round above ; the roof inside received an arched board ceiling; the gallery, on three sides of the house, was erected and ceiled with boards below, and was supported by thick posts under strong cross-beams. All the wood-work was painted white, and the other part of the inside of the church received a coat of plaster. Mr. Michael Clouser superintended the car- penter work. After the church had in this way been completed, it was consecrated some time in July, 1820, and received the distinctive name, Christ's Church. The ministers present at the con>ecration were Rev. J. W. Helm, of the Lutheran Church ; Rev. Jacob Shull, of the German Reformed Church ; and Rev. Joseph Brady, of the Presbyterian Church. Sev- eral sermons were preached in the German language, and Rev. Brady preached a sermon in the English language. The concourse of people assembled on this joyiiil occasion is said to have been very great." At the meeting of the West Pennsylvania Synod, held in Bloomfield in September, 1842, some of the ministers preached in the English language. Some of the members of the con- gregation at this place saw the necessity of intro- ducing the English language into the pulpit, and desired the Rev. Mr. Heim to associate with a minister who could u.se the language. Against this innovation he was strongly opposed, and did not, nor would not, yield to their wishes. The history of the rise and progress of the English Lutheran congregation is here given from a letter written to the Rev. D. H. Focht by the Rev. Levi T. Williams, who was then .stationed at what is now Duncaunon. "According to the directions of Rev. A. H. Loch- man, D.I)., then president of the West Pennsylvania Synod, I preached a trial sermon at Bloomfield some time in January, 1844. I was also to preach in the German language; but as I found the German-speak- ing members considerably opposed to that, I deemed it best to get Rev. Jacob Shull, a German Reformed minister, to till that appointment for me. In order to reconcile the German-speaking members to English preaching, and to prevent a division of the congre- gation, no further appoiutment was made until every means had been used to induce the opposing party to countenance the enterprise. When every eflbrt had been made in vain, it was finally resolved to organize an English Lutheran congregation, wholly sejiarate from the German. This was elfected on Friday, June PERRY COUiNTY. 953 14, 1844, when the following brethren were elected as officers, viz. : Jacob Christ, Sr. and David Deardorft', Elders ; H. C. Hickok, Esq. and George Attic, Dea- cons. A call was then extended to me. This call I ac- cepted. My introductory sermon I preached on Sun- day, the 14th of July, the same year, in the brick school-house near the old Union Church. Soon after this our Presbyterian brethren relieved us of the ne- cessity of worshipping in a filthy school-house by kindly tendering us the use of their church, which I then occupied till I resigned. I have no account of the number of members who joined in the organiza- tion, but there could not have been more than eight or ten. I preached for them every third Sabbath. The first communion was held on Sunday, December 8, 1844." The Rev. Mr. Williams preached his last ser- mon to the congregation Septeiuber 7, 1845, and soon after resigned and accepted a call to Frank- lin Count3\ He was succeeded by the Rev. Lloyd Knight, who resided in the town. The German congregation under the Rev. J. William Heira, occupied the old Union Church, and, in the fall of 1848, permitted the English Luther- ans to worship in the old Union Church under certain conditions, they yet having the u.se of the Presbyterian Church by the kindness of the society. The Rev. Mr. Knight resigned in June, 1849, at which time the Eno-lish Lutheran congrega- tion numbered about seventy members. The Rev. Jacob Martin succeeded to the charge in July the same year. In a letter concerning the union of the German and Lutheran congrega- tions, the Rev. Mr. Martin says, — "I commenced my pastoral labors in the Bloomfield charge on the first Sabbath in July, 1849. The charge was then composed of Bloomfield, Petersburg, Billow's or St. David's, Mt. Pisgah, Newport, Buffalo, near Ickesburg, and New Buffalo, on the Susque- hanna. After the death of Father Heim a convention of the Church Councils of the Lutheran congregations in Perry County was held at Bloomfield in February, 1850, and the congregations which Rev. Heim had served, together with those under my pastoral care, were so divided and arranged as to form three pastor- ates,— namely, the Loysville, the Bloomfield and the Petersburg. My charge (the Bloomfield) was then composed of five congregations, — namely, Bloomfield, Newport, Shuman's or St. Andrew's, St. John's, near Markelsville, and Bufl^alo, west of Ickesburg. "At the close of 1849 Father Heim departed this life, and thus the German part of the congregation was left without a pastor. As Rev. Martin could preach so well in both languages, he was able to give full satisfaction to both congregations and to meet all their wants. The convention referred to above so divided the congregations as to throw the Germans at Bloomfield into Rev. Martin's charge. And in this tuay lie became the regular successor of Rev. Heim, and thus the German and English congregations were united into one congregation." The Rev. Mr. Martin preached once in every three weeks, alternately, in the German and English languages. Mr. Martin resigned in 1852, and preached his farewell sermon on the 28th of March in that year. He was followed by the Rev. Will- iam Gerhardt, in June of the same year, and re- signed in June of 1853. The preaching to the Bloomtield congregation was required to be one- third German. The Rev. Adam T. Height accepted a call to the congregation, and began his labors on the 1st of May, 1854. He served about seven months, and was succeeded by the Rev. D. H. Focht, who preached his inti'oductory seimon May 27, 1855. He served the charge for eight years and four months, and resigned October 1, 1863, then in ill health. He remained in Bloomfield and died at home. He was succeeded in the charge by the Rev. P. P. Lane, October 1, 1863, who continued about two years, and was followed by the Rev. G. F. Schaffer, who accepted the charge August 15, 1866. The Rev. S. A. Hedges as- sumed the pastorate August 4,1869, and served until August, 1872. After an interval of a year the Rev. R. Sheeder became the pastor, and en- tered upon his duties August 9, 1873. After a year or two of service lie resigned, and removed to his farm, and preached as a supply until a call was extended, in 1879, to the Rev. A. H. Span- gler, which was accepted, and he became the pas- tor and continued until August, 1882. The Rev. A. H. F. Fisher was called to the charge, assumed the duties of the office August 5, 1883, and is still the pastor. The congregation at pres- ent numbers ninety-nine members. The old log church which had been the home of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches in this vicinity for sixty years, was used for the last time October 4, 1857, when the Rev. D. 954 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. H. Focht delivered an approi)riate address, from which many of these facts are obtained. The old church had long been dilapidated and uncomfortable, and in 1855 action was taken which resulted in an effort towards build- ing a new church, and a subscription-list was commenced Dec. 1, 1855. As the following action concerns also the Reformed Church, it is here given : On the 18th of January, 1856, according to previous notice, the members of the Lutheran congregation met in the old Union Church to elect a building committee and consult on other matters pertaining to the erection of the new church. The vote being taken, it was found that the following brethren were unanimously elected the building committee, viz., Samuel Comp, Dr. Jonas Ickes, Henry Rice, John Beaver, Sr., and Jacob Stouffer. This commit- tee was then instructed to consult with the Ger- man Reformed brethren respecting the pro- ])riety of dividing, equally, the ground on the southeast front of the grave-yard, held jdiiitly by the two denominations ; to see other churches and lay befoi-e the congregation the plan of the proposed new church ; to contract for the erec- tion of the new church edifice; and, finally, to superintend the erection of the new church, and see to it that it be built according to the coutract. Without delay, the committee entered on the discharge of their duty with energy and unanimity. According to previous announcement, the elders, deacons and trustees of both denomina- tions met in the old Union Church on the 28tli of February, 1856, to divide the ground held jointly by the Lutherans and German Reformed. Dr. Jonas Ickes was chosen president and Rev. Samuel Kuhn secretary of the convention, and the following action was had : "The President of the meeting, Dr. Jonas Ickes, stated that the object of the meeting was the equal divi- sion of that part of the church lot, and of the church edifice thereon erected, bounded on the south by High Street, east by an alley and the school-house, north by the lower or southern grave-yard fence and west by lands of Samuel Klinepeter. On due deliberation the following resolutions were adopted : " Resolved, 1. That the ground above described, which was the joint property of the German Re- formed and Lutheran congregations, be divided equal- ly between said congregations, after cutting off an alley on the east sixteen feet wide, and also one on the west twelve feet wide, in order th.at each of the said denominations may employ and use said ground, when so divided, for the purpose of holding and using church edifices as their exclusive property. " Resolved , 2. That the division line is to be occu- pied by a fence to be built and kept in repair at the equal expense of the two congregations named. " Resolved, 3. That neither of the two churches be built in from the alleys more than five feet. " Resoloed, 4. That the German Reformed Church edifice shall be built on the extreme west end and the Lutheran Church edifice on the extreme east end of s.aid lots, alleys and spaces excepted as stated in the 1st and 3d resolutions. "Resolved, 5. That the error in the deed, relating to the right of the Lutheran congregation to a piece of ground purchased jointly by the German Reformed and Lutheran congregations for the use of an addi- tional burying-ground, be so amended and corrected in the deeds of conveyance as that the Lutheran congregation may be recognized as joint owner of said piece of land. " Resolved, 6. That within the space of two years, dating from the first of April, a.d., 185G, to the first of April, A.D., 1858, the old church building, now standing on the above named property and known as the ' Union Church,' shall be taken down and all the material equally divided between the two congrega- tions owing it. " Resolved, 7. That the Trustees of both congrega- tions be instructed to employ Daniel Gantt, Esq., to survey the ground and make the deeds of conveyance forthwith, and that the expenses thereof be defrayed equally by the two congregations. " The minutes having been read, they were, on mo- tion, unanimously approved. The meeting adjourned indefinitely. " Signed, " Jonas Ickes, "Samuel Kuhn, "President. " Secretary." " On Thursday, the lOtb of December, IS.'i?, some of the members of both denominations met and tore down the seats, pulpit, board-ceiling, gallery and tore up the floor of the old church and divided the lumber equally between them. For twenty dollars the Luth- eran trustees sold to the German Reformed trustees their half of the wall and roof which were soon after pulled down and used by the Reformed for various purposes. This was the end of the old log Union Church." A contract was made May 3, 1856, for the erection of a new church with William Stouffer and Thomas Sutch, Jr., who soon after began the work, and on the 20th of September, 1856, PERRY COUNTY. 9.")5 the corner-stone was laid with appropriate ser- vices, and tlio church was completed in October, 1857, at a cost of three thousand dollars. It was dedicated on the 22d of October in that year. The basement, then unfinished, was com- ])letcd in 1862. The church was used without material change until 1885, when it was remod- eled, and rededicated November 8th iu that year. A house and lot was bought of Conrad Roth June 5, 1854, and the house refitted for a par- sonage, which is still used. Trinity Reformed Church. — Adherents of the Reformed denomination living in the vicinity of what is now Bloomfield, in the vear 1798, united with the Lutherans in the erection of a log church, long known as the Union Chui'ch, a full account of which will be found in the sketch of Christ's Lutheran Church preceding this article. It is not known what pastors were preaching regularly in this region, but in 1815 and 1816 the Rev. Jonathan and Albert Helf- enstein in the Caspar Lupfer house. In 1819 the Rev. Jacob ShoU ^'as appointed to take charge or the Sherman's Valley congregations, which then embraced all the churches in what is now the county of Perry. His first sermon was preached October 3, 1819, in St. Peter s Church, now Spring township. He continued in charge until his death, September 4, 1847. On the 31st of December, 1845, the trustees, Peter Smith, Philip Roth and David Lupfer, ])urchased one acre of land of Samuel Klinepeter as an addition to the burial-ground. The LTnion Church was used until 1857, when, as the house was dilapidated and uncom- fortaI)le, it was thought best to take action in reference to the matter. In pursuance of a call, the members of the Reformed congregation at New Bloomfield met, November 22, 1855, to take into consideration the building of a new church. Rev. S. Kulin and F. M. McKeehan were apjjointed a com- mittee to request the Evangelical Lutheran con- oTejration to unite in building a union church in this place. Adjourned to meet on the evening of November 29, 1885, at which time the com- mittee reported that they had consulted Rev. D. H. Focht, pastor of the Lutheran Church, and others concerning the expediency of erecting a union church jointly, etc. Rev. Mr. Focht assured the committee that he cherished the kindest feelings of roaard and Christian fellowship toward them as a congrega- tion ; yet, in pursuance of a resolution of the Lutheran Synod discountenancing the building of union churches, etc., therefore he judged it the better plan for each congregation to erect its own house of worship. The committee, not having received a favora- ble response from the Ijutheran brethren, there- fore, among other things, recommending that the society forthwith enter into all the necessary arranoements for buildinsr a German Reformed Church, which was adopted, and the following- named persons were appointed a building com- mittee, to wit : David Lupfer, John McKeehan, George W. Meek, Charles Boyles and Jacob Mogle. At a joint meeting of the two congrega- tions, held February 28, 1856, Dr. Jonas Ickes was called to the chair, and Rev. S. Kuhn was chosen secretary. A number of resolutions were adopted. The fifth resolution was to have the deeds of convey- ance corrected and amended so as to make the Lutheran congresation ii^int owners in the ground which had been purchased as additional burying-ground. The sixth resolution was " that within two years from the 1st of April, 1856, the old church shall be taken down and the material equally divided between the two con- gregations," which was done, and the old house was torn down in 1857. The division of property was made by the Lutherans taking the west part of the church lot and the Reformed congregation the east part, both congregations jointly retaining the burial- ground, the Reformed conveying to the Luth- erans a half-interest in the acre purchased by them in 1845. After the division of the Reformed Church in Perry County into two charges, the New Bloomfield charge consisted of six congrega- tions— to wit. Trinity, New Bloomfield ; Christ's, Newport; St. John's, Marklevsille; St. A ndrew's, Shuman's (now Eschol); St. David's, Fio Forge; and Zion's, Fishing Creek, — -served by the Rev. Jacob Scholl, who died September 4, 1847, and 956 JUNIATA AND -SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Ganz, wlio was succeeded by Kev. Samuel Kuhn, July 1, 1851 ; resigned December 26, 1862, eleven and a half years pastor.' Rev. David W. Kelly was called February 2, 1863, at which time the Joint Con- sistory resolved to reduce the number of preachiug-points to four, by uniting, if possible, the Zion's congregation to St. David's, and the St. Andrew's to the Zion's or Blaine charge. Rev. Kelly entered uj^on his duties April, 1863, and resigned April 22, 1867. Rev. William F. CoUiflovvor became pastor October, 1867 ; resigned November 4, 1870, three years and one month pastorate. Rev. James Crawford was ordained and installed July 22, 1871 ; resigned March 8, 1875. Rev. John Kretzing was installed April 26, 1876, and resigned July, 1881. Rev. William R. H. Deitrich, the pres- ent pastor, assumed the pastorate October 1, 1881. The corner-stone of the present church. Trinity Reformed, was laid on the 30th of Sep- tember, 1856, by the pastor, the Rev. Samuel Kuhu, the Rev. Dr. Ganz, a former pastor, preaching the sermon. The society was incorporated by a decree of the court, October 26, 1856. The church was completed in 1857, and dedi- cated on the 20th of September in that year. The ministers present were the pastor and the Revs. D. Schneck, A. H. Kremer, C. H. Lein- bach, and T. P. Buchcr. A Sunday-school was established on Sunday, May 8, 1858. Methodist Eplscopal Church. — The first account of preaching by the ministers of this denomination is found in tlie Perry Forester, in which it is announced tiiat the Rev. Mr. Tar- ring will preach in the court-house at early candle-light on the evening of June 18, 182'J. Soon after this time a society was organized, and elected the following persons as trustees : John Gotwalt, Adam M. Axe, Noah Hedden, Samuel Hcddcn and William McCroskey. On the 29th of October, 1830, these trustees pur- 1 During the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Kuhn lie trav- eled nineteen thoiLsiind, five hundred miles, baptized three hundred and twelve persons, confirmed two hundred and thirty-nine, married one hundred and forty-seven and buried one hundred and sixty-eight. chased of George Barnett lot No. 50, on tlie south side of High Street, on which they pro- ceeded to the erection of a church edifice, which was completed in 1831. The pulpit for many years was on the north end of the audience- room, but later placed on the south end, opposite the entrance. The building was used until 1866, when it was rebuilt under the charge of the Rev. Franklin Gerhart, and dedicated in September, 1867. The pastors who served on the circuit after Rev. Mr. Tarring are : Daniel Hartman, Lanahan, Elisha Butler, David Shover, Alexander McClay, Parker, James Brady, George A. Stephenson, Cornelius, Euos, Dr. Coffin, G. W. Elliot, W. A. McKee, 1848 ; J. W. Haughnvout, 1851-52 ; David Castleman, 1853 ; D. S. Monroe, 1855 ; Gideon H. Day, 1856; Cambridge Graham, 1857-58; W. H. Keith, 1857 ; J. Y. Eothrock, 1859-60 ; I. B. Mann, 1860; M. S. Meiidenhole, 1861-62; M. K. Foster, 1862; F. B. Riddle, 1863-65; S. A. Creveling, 18G3; Franklin Gerhart, 1866-67; J. C. Heagy, 1866; G. W. Izer, 1867 ; George W. Bause, 1868-70 ; G. W. Izer, 1858 ; William Schreiber, 1869-70 ; E. Shoe- maker, 1871; A. W. Decker, 1872-74; L. F. Smith, 1872-74; George W. Dunlap, 1875-76; W. H. Bowen, 1875 ; J. H. S. Clark, 1876 ; John H. Cleaver, 1877-79; James M. Johnston, 1880-82; John A. McKendless, 1883; Thomas M. Griffith, 1884-85. Pre.sbyterian Church. — Among those who settled at Bloom field after the selection of that plac3 as the county-seat were several fami- lies who were Presbyterians. The churches in the eastern or lower end in 1826 extended a call to the Rev. John Niblock to become their pastor. This call he accepted and settled for a short time in Juniata township, but soon after removed to Bloomfield and lived in the house now occupied by Miss Elizabeth Hackett, where he died in 1831. The Middle Ridge Church' was the one nearest town and where the people of that faith attended. It is evident that a soci- ety was organized early in 1831, from the fact that in April of that year the trustees were making arrangements for building a house of worship. It is probable that services of some 'The history of Dick's Gap and Middle Ridge Churches will he found in Miller and Juniata townships, where they were located. PERRY COUNTY. 957 kind were held in the court-house before the deatii of Mr. Niblock, but not certain. The eastern churches were without preaching until April, 1833, when the Rev. Matthew B. Pat- terson sent them by the Presbytery as a supply, and on October 2d in that year the society asked for church organization, which was granted, and on November 30, 1833, it was per- fected under the Rev^ Mr. McKinley, of Car- lisle, and the Rev. Mr. Rutter, pastor of the "Upper" Church. December 23, 1834, the churches of Bloomfield, Ickesburg and Landis- burg united in extending a call to the Rev. John Dickey, who accepted and was installed in 1835, and served as pastor until April 23, 1854, when he resigned, and on the 20th of October, tiie next year, he died. Supplies were obtained from Presbytery for about three years, when the cous-regatious united with Sherman's Creek and Duncannon Churches in a call to the Rev. William B. Craig, which was accepted. He was installed June 17, 1857, and served ten years, when the relation was dissolved June 11, 1867. The Rev. H. K. McComb supplied the ])ulpit for several months and received a call from the church of Bloomfield as an indepen- dent organization. He was installed as pastor December 15, 1868, and the pastoral relation was dissolved April 12, 1870. The Rev. John Edgar was called to the pastorate in July, 1870, and was installed November 9th in that year. He continuefl in charge until Sejitember, 1883, when he resigned to take the presidency of Wil- son College, in Chambersburg. After an interval of several months the con- gregation extended a call to the Rev. R. F. McClean (the present pastor), April 1, 1884. The call was accepted, the charge assumed April 30th, and he was installed :\Iay 24, 1884. The congregation has a membership of one hundred and forty-three. The trustees of the church, by their secretary, Benjamin Mclntire, on the 2Ist of April, 1831, advertised for proposals to build a church edi- fice of brick, forty-three by forty-five feet, twen- ty-two feet in height and with a gallery. Two days later the present site, lot 22, on the corner of Carlisle and High Streets, was selected. Services wore held in the court-house and the Union Church, by the Rev. Matthew B. Patterson, who was sent as a supply by the Presbytery, and the Rev. John Dickey, until the completion of the church. The contract was let to David Lupfer, who, in the early summer of 1833, began excavating for the foundation. When the walls were near- ly up, a long rain so soaked them that, a high wind following soon after, they yielded to the pressure and fell down. The work was delayetl and the church was not completed until the fail of 1835. The house was, with occasional repairs, used until 1870, when it was torn down anfl the present commodious brick ed i fice was erected on its site, at a cost of about seven thousand. The elders of the church, from its organiza- tion in 1834, have served as follows : 1834. WilliaQi McClure, Jeremiah Madden, James MeCord. 1844. John Campbell, Finlaw JleCown. 1858. Benjamin Mclntire, Robert Nelson, John R. McClintock. 18(59. William Willis. 1873. William A. Sponsler, William Burn. 1883. William Greer, William H. Neilson, William N. Seibert, John Adams. Adam.s Lodge, No. 319, A. Y. M.— The warrant for the lodge was granted ]\Iarch 1, 1858, and constituted May 19th the same year. The names of the officers constituted under the warrant were Irvine J. Crane, W. M. ; Charles J. T. Mclntire, S. W. ; Alexander C. Klink, J. W. ; John A. Magee, secretary ; C. W. Burkholder, treasurer; John Hartzell, S. D. ; AVilliam JoJin- ston, J. D. ; William B. Sponsler, Tiler. In addition to the officers, James Kacy was a warrant member. The lodge met for a time in an old hall on McClure Street, and removed to Odd-Fellows' Hall ; from thence. May 29, 1861, to Wiggins' Hal! ; to the third story of B. F. Junkin's residence, October 24, 1866, and to the present hall, in the third story of the bank building. May 19, 1880. TJie present officers are John Hood, W. M. ; Mar. Rogers, S. W. ; Edward R. Sponsler, J. W. ; Charles H. Smiley, treasurer; W. N. Siebert, secretary ; Alexander B. Grosli, S. D. ; J. R. Flickinger, J. D. The following are the names of the Past blasters ; 958 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Irvine J. Crane, warrant, May 19, 1858. Irvine J. Crane, elected W. M., December 15, 1858. Clias. J. T. Mclntire, elected W. M., Dec. 21, 18o9. John A. Magee, elected W. M.. December 19, 1860. John P. Clark, elected W. M., December 18, 1861. John P. Clark, re-elected W. M., Dec. 17, 1862. F. B. Speakman, elected W. M., Dec. 16, 1863. H. D. Woodrutt', elected W. M., Dec. 21, 1834. Joseph Swartz, elected W. M., December 2il, 1865. E. C. Long, elected W. M., Dec. 19, 1866. Chas. J. T. Mclntire, re-elected W. M., Dec. 18, 1867. Ulysses Keeley, elected W. M., Dec. 16, 1868. N. C. McMorris, elected W. M., Dec. 15, 1869. M. B. Strickler, elected W. M., Dec. 21, 1870. Chas. H. Sradey, elected W. M., Dec. 27, 1871. Jeremiah Rinehart, elected W. M., Dec. 18, 1872. John X. Eichal, elected W. M., Dec. 3, 1873. W. N. Siebert, elected W. M., Dec. 23, 1874. B. F. Junkin, elected W. M., Dec. 15, 1875. I. D. Dunkel, elected W. M., Nov. 29, 1876. Charles F. Kass, elected W. M., Dec. 19, 1877. William Grier, elected W. M-, Dec. 4, 1878. Calvin Neilson, elected W. M., Dec. 24, 1879. Calvin Neilson, re-elected W. M., Dec. 15, 1880. John O. Moore, elected W. M., Nov. 30, 1881. Alex. B. Grosh, elected W. M., Dec 20, 1882. Thos. L. Johnston, elected W. M., Dec 12, 1883. John Hood, elected W. M., Nov. 26, 1884. Mackinaw Lodge, No. 380, I. O. O. F.— This lodge was chartered by tlie Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania under date of October 1, 1849. The first officers were A. C. Klink, N. G. ; Daniel Gantt, V. G. ; W. F. Klink, secretary ; Assistant Secretary, John A. Baker; and George B. Arnold, treasurer. Of other early active members were David Deardorff, H. D. Woodruff, M. R. Clouser, Samuel Wiggins, John McKeehan, Henry Morse, John Sauck and John Bower. Meetinsrs were held in a room over the old bark-house on East McClure Street until 1858 when tlie lodge fitted up a hall in the third story of the Wiggins building, on the southwest corner of the public square. The building was destroyed by fire on the evening of December 8, 187,'], by which the lodge lost all their effects except the charter, banner and a few of the books. The third story of Captain Fenster- machcr's was then fitted fi)r the purpose of a hail, and was used from December 29, 1873, to the present time. SERGE.4NT John Jones Post, No. 448, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Pennsylvania, was organized at New Bloom- field, Pa., and instituted on the 28th day of June, 1884, with a membership of twenty-four comrades and officers. It was named in honor of Sergeant John Jones, of the Ninth Pennsyl- vania Volunteer Cavalry, who fell in the line of his duty at Solemn Grove, N. C, March 10, 18(35. The Post was mustered witli Captain F. M. McKeehan, as commander ; R. M. Alex- ander, senior vice commander ; E. B.Weise, ju- nior vicecomander ; O. P. Bollinger, surgeon ; D. H. Smith, chaplain ; S. H. Beck,adjutaut ; A. B. Grosh, officer of the day ; etc., and has increased in membership, and numbers about sixty com- rades, with prospects of a larger increase. The Perry County Historical Society.' — This society grew out of a branch of the Philomathean Literary Society of Bloomfield Academy. The Philomathean was organized years ago by the students of Bloomfield Acad- emy, and had for its object tlie advancement and development of the literary tastes and acquire- ments of the students in attendance upon the academy. For many years the weekly exercises of the Philomathean consisted merely of decla- mations, essays and disquisitions of a strictly literary character; and it was not until the 12th day of November, 1880, that the society resolved to add to its exercises the preparation and read- ing of papers upon subjects of historical interest to the county, at which date the history of the Historical Society proper commences. Upon that date the society first had under considera- tion the establishment of an historical depart- ment; but the society took no definite action upon the subject in the shape of a resolution at that meeting. Three days later the society, in pursuance of the president's call, met in extra session, when a number of historical queries were referred to certain members of the society to be answered in writing and read before the society at the next meeting, of which the follow- ing are an exam|)le : 1st. Montour'n Run: after whom is it named ; where does it rise ; and where empty? To be answered in two hundred to two hundred and fifty words. ' By R. H. Stewart. PERRY COUNTY. 959 2d. When and where was the first mill erected in Perry County? Three hundred to three hundred and twenty-five words. 3d. What were the four original townships in Periy County; and how bounded? Five hundred to five hundred and twenty-five words. The Hon. John A. Baker, editor and propri- etor of The Perry County Freeman, with a view to aiding the society in its endeavors to preserve for posterity the early historj' of the county, and to enable the public to enjoy the fruits of the society's researches, kindly tendered the use of the columns of the Freeman to the society for the weekly publication of historical papers when approved by the society; and it is proper to observe here that it is in a great measure due Judge Baker that the society was enabled to facilitate its work, and that gentleman contrib- uted lai-gely to the work of the society by his extreme courtesy and readiness in assisting the preparation of papers, and in whom the society had at its command a store-house of invaluable facts and data concerning the early history of the county ; and from this store-house has been drawn largely the material which g-oes to make up this history of the county. In recognition of this courtesy tendered by Judge Baker, on the 19th of November, upon motion of Hon. W. H. Sponsler, the society passed the following : " Jiesoked, That all queries, after they are read to the Society, be placed in the hands of an historical committee, whose duty it shall be to prepare the said queries for publication in The Perry County Freeman." The weekly publication in the Freeman of papers read before the society upon subjects of deep historical interest to the whole county had the eifect of attracting the attention of the whole county to the work of the society ; and the standing invitation at the head of the Freeman's columns for all persons familiar with any sub ject upon which an historical paper may appear, to write the chairman immediately and criticise with the utmost freedom, soon deluged the com- mittee with important and heretofore unknown facts and information. In this manner it soon became apparent that the scope of the society's usefulness was to be vastly enlarged ; that a vast field for historical work was opened aud de- manded more of the time aud labor of the society. With a view to facilitate the work of historical compilation, the following resolutions, on motion of Hon. W. H. Sponsler, passed the society January 14, 1881 : " Resolved, That the exercises of this Society be di- vided into three distinct courses as follows: I. The literary department, embracing orations, essays and select readings. II. The historical department, em- bracing the work of gathering the history of Perry County. III. The department of debate, embracing the discussion of such questions of general interest as may from time to time be selected. "Sec. 2. Any member may select anj' or all of the said courses of his own choice ; and shall signify to the secretary his selection on becoming a luember. " Sec. S. Any course selected may be abandoned at any time, by giving the secretary notice of such in- tention in writing at least three weeks in advance. " Sec. 4. Any member having selected any depart- ment shall be amenable to all the regulations of that department as long as he remains therein. " Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the secretary to keep a complete list of the members of each department and from time to time note changes therein. " Sec. 6. The foregoing resolution shall apply only to members hereafter elected ; no member now in the Society shall be excused fnim the department of de- bate, except by the vote of a majority of the members .of the Society." The following are the names of the presidents of the society who served in the order named : Prof. J. E. Flickinger, James W. McKee, Hon. W. H. Spon.?ler, Clarence W. Baker, A. B. Grosh, C. W. Einesmith. The historical committee comprised W. H. Sponsler, Prof. J. E. Flickinger, Clarence W. Baker, J. C^. Wallis, Eev. A. H. Spangler and Eev. John Edgar. The labor devolving upon this committee growing so great and arduous, the societv, on March 2-5, 1881, passed the following : " Be it Resohed, That the historical committee of the Society, in addition to the members now consti- tuting that committee, shall consist of the following members, to wit : Wilson Lupfer, J. W. Beers, A. B. Grosh, J. W. McKee, George Rouse, C. W. Rine- smith, William Orr and E. H. Stewart. " Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the chairman of said committee as soon as shall be deemed convenient, to assemble the committee, and resolve it into sub-com- mittees, assigning to such committees respectively such districts, townships or historical epochs as shall by such committee be deemed advisable. 960 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. " Sec. 3. That such sub-committee, when appointed shall proceed immediately to write up all fiicta touch- ing the geography, description or history of the local- ity assigned, not yet read before the Society ; and present the same to the general committee for appro- val. " Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the historical com- mittee, from time to time, to inform the committee on exercises of the material on hand pertaining to the historical department; and the committee on exer- cises shall select for the purpose of being read before the Society such queries as shall in their discretion be deemed appropriate." Duriug the period elapsing from the date of the passage of the above resohition to the 17th of June of the same year, the date of the His- torical society's dissolution, papers of the most absorbing interest touching the history of the county were read before the society. The his- tory of the county's division into townships and lioroughs, its mountains, hills, valleys, streams, ]ionds, natural curiosities, post-offices, towns, villages and industrial enterprises all were the theme of some written disquisition at one time or another. The old-established families, public men, the churches, schools, statistics of the county, its officers, and every branch of inquiry touching the topography, geology and history of the county received at the hands of the society the most earnest and attentive in- vestigation. But, alas ! the spirit of stolid indiiferenceand apathy which seized upon the society, when the lieated summer approached like a rancorous worm, wrought its way to the very heart of the society; interest began to lag until tlie 17th of June, when the ardor of a majority of the mem- Ijers had become so lethariric that tlie urg. John Power lived on his farm for several years, carried on a tannery at Ickesburg, was in the service in the last war and died in Harrisburg. His farm was sold years ago to Peter Shaffer, by whom it was con- veyed to the present owner, Peter Lightner. On Laurel Run, and above the Robert Scott warrant, William Patterson settled in 1753, as is indicated by his deposition in the Kirkpat- rick case before the Governor. He does not seem to have warranted land until 1766, and then took up four hundred acres, which is still in possession of the family. Francis Patterson, in 1814, had then a saw-mill, and soon after erected an oil-mill, which, in 1825, was oper- ated by Thomas Patterson, who also was run- ning the saw-mill and a chopping-mill. Fahnestock & Ferguson, about 1838, built a scythe and edge-tool factory at the Patterson mill, and ran it until January 15, 1836. The mill property was purchased by John Wag- goner, son of John Waggoner, of Kennedy's Valley, who changed the oil and chopping-mill into a grist-mill. Solomon Hengst conducted a foundry at the place for a few years after 1840. The mill pi-oi^erty is now owned by William A. and James F. Lightner. James Blaine located one hundred acres, Feb- ruary 3, 1755, adjoining John Caruthers. This tract lies south of Laurel Run and north of the spur of which Pilot Hill is the termination. John Caruthers was then located, it appears, but it was not until September 23, 1766, that he secured three hundred acres of land now owned partly by Henry J. Rice. ]\Iichael Murray located a tract April 11, 1792. These lands were south of the William Patterson tract. The 966 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Caruthers lands are known as the Caldwell Still-Hovise tract. Above the mouth of Laurel Run John Dun- bar, Jr., took up one hundred acres, April 22, 1763, adjoining his father, John Dunbar, Sr., who had some time previously taken up a tract, and July 19, 1768, John Dunbar, Sr., took up three hundred acres adjoining his old survey, and May 17, 1786, he took up one hundred acres adjoining William Patterson. A part of the Dunbar lands were in possession of the family as late as 1840. On this Dunbar tract the Rev. J. W. Heini built a stone grist-mill about 1830, which, April 6, 1852, was sold by his administrator to Joseph Bixler, and later passed to Anthony F'irman, and now is owned by George Weaver. James Thom, on April 22, 1763, took out one hundred and fifty acres adjoining Roger Clark, William Officer and Alexander Roddy. A note by William Peters, secretary of the Land- Office, is written in the warrant as follows : "The land foi- which this warrant is granted having been settled upwards of nine years ago, the interest and Quit-Eenta is to commence from March 1, ]754." This tract is now owned by Briner and Thomas ^Morrow. James Thom warranted, September, 1766, another tract on the south side of Sherman's Creek, adjoining Robert Miller, who located one hundred acres March 18, 1763. William Officer, on the 17th of September, 1766, warranted one hundred and fifty acres adjoining lands of Alexander Roddy and John Sharp. This land later came to George Loy, whose grandson, John Ritter, now owns it. June 4, 1762, John Hamilton, son-in.-law of Hugh Alexander, warranted one hundred and fifty acres along Muddy Run. Hamilton, in 1769, moved to Juniata County, and settled on land now owned by Hugh Hamilton, his grandson. In 1788 the land was owned by George Hackett, and was bought by Andrew Tressler. Archibald Stewart, June 28, ] 762, took upone hundred acres adjoining lands of John Scott, Jas. Galbreath and John Dunbar. He had three sons, — Samuel, Archibald and Thomas. Samuel settled on the homestead and died there ; his son John now owns this farm. Thomas, another son of Samuel, resided on part of the old James Galbreath tract, which, about 1800, passed to George Waggoner. William McClure warranted 264 acres May 12, 1763, adjoining lands of John Sharp and John Simeson, and before 1794 sold the firm to Martin Bernheisel. The children of William McClure by his first marriage were Alexander, Robert, John, William, Elizabeth (Mrs. Joseph Diven), Margaret (Mrs. Lemon). Alexander settled at Centre Church, in Madison township, and was the father of A. K. McClure, editor of the Philadelphia Times ; Robert and John went West; William removed to New Bloomfield and engaged in the tanning business. The children of William McClure by the second marriage were James, Sanuiel, Joseph, Polly, Nancy, Jane, Susan and Ann. James and Samuel settled in the vicinity of the homestead ; Joseph went to California. After the death of Martin Berniieisel the farm passed to his son Adam, who married Eve Loy, and in 1806 built the old brick house that stands in front of the alms-house, and on April 12, 1810, sold the farm to the j'oor directors of Cumberland County, and moved West. The other sons of Martin Bernheisel were John, Samuel and Jacob. John married Catiiarine Loy, and bought a tarm between Green Park and Elliottsburg, which is now owned by his heirs. A clover-mill and saw-mill were built on the stream over fifty years ago, and about 1863 Solomon, son of John, changed it into a grist-mill, which, in 1885, was refitted with steam-power. Samuel Bernheisel settled near the old McClure tract and below it. South of the McClure tract in 1755, John Simeson took up four hundred acres, about the same time Andrew Simeson took out his war- rant. One hundred and thirteen acres of the tract were sold to George Minnich, August 19, 1796, who later purchased the whole tract. George Minnich lived to be ninety -three years of age, and died in 1865. His land was divi- ded between his two sons, George and Daniel, long before his death. The east i)art is now owned by Henry P. Lightncr and George W. Shoemaker ; the west part by John Minnich, son of Daniel Minnich. The sons of Daniel PERRY COITnTY. 'J67 are John, Joseph, William, David, George, Andrew and C. C. ; the sons of Ueorge arc Samuel, Henry, Benjamin, John W. and James. With the exception of Joseph, all are living in the vicinity. April 13, 1786, William Anderson obtained a warrant for two hundred acres adjoining lands of William Miller, and now owned by Jonathan Arnold. One hundred and twenty acres, west of the almshouse tract were taken up by John Sharp, May 13, 1763, adjoining Wm. McClure, John Hamilton, James Thom and Wm. Officer. In 1788 Michael Loy purchased the property of John and Agnes Sharp. In the same year he built the dwelling-house now occupied by George Hitter, whose wife, Catharine, was a grand- daughter. He died about 1815, and left eleven children — George, Nicholas, John, Michael, Mary, Catharine, ^Margaret, Susan, Eve, Eliza beth and Barbara. George, the eldest, obtained tracts of William Officer, and his grandson, Joiin Ritter, now owns it. Nicholas settled first in Saville township, on two hundred acres of land, which, April 25, 1826, he sold to George Loy, and on which was a saw-mill. He then moved to Centre, and lived and died where Andrew Loy (his son) now lives. John Loy moved to Ohio ; Michael married a Miss Shuman, and, October 15, 1805, pur- chased the home farm and lived there until his death ; Mary married Abram Hitter and settled near Elliot's Run ; Catharine became the wife of John Bernheisel and settled near Green Park; Eve married Adam Bernheisel and set- tled on the McClui-e tract, which, April 12, 1810, he sold and moved West; Margaret mar- ried Lippert and settled in Cumberland County; Elizabeth married John Kepner, of Juniata County ; Susan became Mrs. Xiciiolas Ickes and lived in Ickesburg ; Barbara was tiic wife of Lupfer, of Bloomfield. February 4, 1755, Ludwig Laird warranted one hundred and fifty-three acres, which were surveyed to Henry Shoemaker August 2, 1814. The west part of Green Park is on this trac't, and the farm is now owned by jNI. Knoll. The cast part of the town is on a tract of fifty acres which was warranted to James Moore, Septem- ber 25, 1766. The farm laud is now owned by William W. McClure and John Dum. Robert Irvin, who lived in Saville township, warranted, July 23, 1794, three hundred acres adjoining John Dunbar and Nicholas Bower, near Bower's Mountain. Bell's Hill derives its name from James Bell, who, on July 5, 1768, took uji two hundred and twenty-three acres on and near it. April 16, 1802, he sold ninety-one acres to James Wilson, who, on April 16, 1812, sold it to Francis Post- line, a merchant of York. It was adjoining lands of Abraliam Landis, George Stroop, Michael Kinsloe and George Waggoner. James Smith, November 15, 1768, on appli- cation No. 5253, took up three hundred acres adjoining lands of Thomas Wilson and James Galbreath. jNIichael Kinsloe located two hundred acres by lands of Letitia Alexander and William Henderson ; warranted it May 6, 1795, and on September 29, 1800, two liundred acres adjoin- ing William ]McClure, now owned by William Loy and others. James Galbreath, in 1750, took up a tract by the Landis tract. Simon Girty, father of Simon Girty, known as "Renegade" Girty, was one of the trespassers in 1750, and went away M'ith the others. Simon Girty, the elder, settled as a tenant upon the tract of James Galbreath, who lived in Carlisle, and lived there for several years and removed to Greenwood township. The Galbreath tract, of about foiu- hundred acres, j^assed to Charles Stewart, whose heirs, in 1800, sold to George Waggoner, brother of John, who settled in Kennedy's Valley. He lived on the place until his death, December 26, 1824. About 1810 he built upon Montour's Run, a saw-mill, which was used until 1884, when it was abandoned. A bark and sumac- factory was erected in 1850, which was aban- doned in 1864. He left four sons, of whom Samuel lives in Spring township, on the farm owned by Hugh Kilgore in 1 767. The Wag- goner farm was left to tlie three sous, George, John and David, a part of which is still in the possession of the tamily. On Sherman's Creek, and on the township line between Tyrone and Spring, Thomas Ross, an 9f>8 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. elder of the Centre Presbyterian Church, lo- cated two hundred acres June 1, 1702, and Jon- athan Ross, on February 3d of the same year, warranted one hundred and fifty acres. The Hoss farm was known many years as the Colonel W. J. Graham farm, and is now owned by Dr. D. 15. :\Iilliken and David Sheibley. David McClure was assessed in 1767 on one hundred acres, and June 30, 1786, warranted a tract of two hundred and seventy-one acres. Robert Kelly lived on one hundred acres ad- joining McChire in 1767. Henry Gass, who, in 1767, lived on a tract <^f two hundred and fifty acres, died before 17d of that year sold by tiiem to Zach- ariaii Doughty. March 3, 1776, it was assigned to Jesse Butrine, who retained it until October 14, 1785, when he sold it to John Evans, who, November 19, 1792, conveyed it to Charles Dempsey, from whom it takes its name. It is now owned by Henry Lightner. Obadiah Garwood, who, in 1767, was as- sessed with one liun(h'ed and twenty-five acres of land, and in 1779 with a saw-mill, lived in Kennedy's Valley. Robert Garwood, proba- bly of the family, in 1782 was assessed with a grist-mill. John AVaggouer, about 1785, pur- chased the property, including the small stone grist-mill. In 1814 he had there a grist-mill, saw-mill and distillery. AVaggoner lived on this place until his death, in 1834. He had ten children, of whom Benjamin bought, about 1839, the Roddy mill. Moses, another son, mar- ried a daughter of Gilbert Moore, and descend- ant of Alexander Roddy. After the death of Benjamin he bought the Roddy mill, and his heirs still own it. John AVaggoner, another son, bought the Patterson mill and lived there. John AA'aggoner, the father, built, in 1805, a grist-mill near Bridgeport (now Snyder's). The old homestead in Kennedy's Valley is now owned by Aaron jSI. Egolf. The family of Lightner in the county are numerous, and are descended from ]\Iatthias Lightner, who settled here before 1800, but did not purchase land. He had sous — Jacob, Mat- thias, Lowdon, Adam, Michael and Henry. Jacob and Henry settled in Tyrone, and the rest went AVest. Jacob purchased the fiirm, in 1822, now owned by his youngest son, Samuel R., and where he resides; his sons — John S., Henry, Peter, Sterrett, AVilliam and Samuel R., — with the exception of John S., settled in Tyrone. John S. moved to Cumberland County. Henry settled half a mile from Landisburg, on the farm now owned by Henry Schaeifer. William Miller was a resident in 1767 and owned two hundred and fifty acres. On the north of his land George AA^olf warranted two hundred acres January 31, 1793. AVilliam Shoemaker and John S. Ritter now own the property. David Carson, Jiwie 3, 1762, warranted a tract north of AVolf's, which, in 1786, was sold to Peter Sheibley, who was one of the German Redemp- tioners, and who settled in Oley, Bucks Coun- ty (now Berks), where he worked out his term of service, and after a year or two came to the Sherman Creek settlement and jnirchased the Carson tract, on which he lived some years and sold it to Henrv Kline, who had married his daughter, Magdaleua; they lived there until his death, and in 1849 the farm was divided PERRY COUNTY. 969 between the heirs. After the sale to Kliue, Peter Sheibley bought the farm now owned by the heirs of John Stambaugh. He died in 1823 and had a family of twenty children, oi' whom the most lived to be over eigiity years of age. William Sheibley, now residing at Elliotsburg in his eighty-sixth year, is a son. Of other ciiiklren, Solomon and Peter settled in Toboyne ; Abraham, Jacob and George in Spring town- ship ; Bernard in Landisburg ; Catharine became the wife of Frederick Sheaffer and settled in Spring township ; Susanna married Jacob Light- ner and located in Sheaffer's Valley ; Mary mar- ried Peter Bower and lived in Landisburg; Sarah became Mi-s. Jacob Bernheisel, and now lives at an advanced age near Green Park ; Eliz- abeth married Jacob Stambaugh, and lives on the homestead of her father. The family are numerous throughout the county and are all descendants of Peter. The families of Hench, Hartman, Reys (Rice) and Fuller, who are so largely represented in this county, are descended from Christian Hench, Jacob Hartman, Zachary (Reys) Rice and William Fuller, who came to what is now Perry County in 1787. As the course of their emigration is so peculiar, it is here given : Richard Pike, of England, had received a grant of a large tract of land of William Penn, in Chester County, which he named Pikeland, and which later was made Pikeland township. This tract was sold and passed through several liands, and came to Samuel Hoar, of England, who sold to Andrew Allen and took a mortgage upon the property. Allen laid it out into farms of from three hundred to five hundred acres each, and sold to emigrants ; among: them were Johannes Henche, of Wiirtemberg, who came to this country about 1740 and purchased a tract, and Johannes Hartman, who came to this county about the year 1750, v.ith his wife and a family of several sons and daughtere, and settled on the west side of Yellow Springs. Zachary Reys and Johannes, his brother, came from Germany, in the ship "Edinburgh," and landed in Philadelphia September 16, 1751. Of Johannes but little is known. Zachary mar- ried Abigail, a daughter of Johannes Hartman, who was given money to buy one of the farms. They purchased three hundred acres in East Pikeland, where he built a mill. Catherine, another daughter of Johannes Hartman, mar- ried a William Fuller ; they also settled upon farms near the others. At the opening of the Revolution Andrew Allen was for a time a stanch patriot ; but on the approach of Lord Howe at Trenton, he became disaffected and es- poused the cause of the Loyalists, and at the close of the troubles his property was seized under the mortgage and sold at sheriff's sale. At the time there were settled uf)on the Pikeland tract one hundred and twenty-three families, who were all dispossessed and without redress. Zachary Reys was then the father of twenty-one children. He had been active in assisting the government during the war, and had aided in the erection of the hospital at Yellow Springs. The wives of Zachary Reys (Rice) and Christian Hench both died of typhoid fever, contracted in the hospital at Yellow Springs, while assisting in caring for the sick and wounded. After their removal from their lands, and in 1786, Zachariah Rice, Jacob Hartman and Wil- liam Fuller, with their families, and some of the sons of Christian Hench, came to what is now Perry County, and purchased lands in various parts. Zachariah Rice, as far as can be ascer- tained, settled in what is now Madison or Sa- ville township, above the Bixler mill. He is mentioned by the Rev. D. H. Focht as being the second to draw a log for the Lutheran Church which was built at what is now Loys- ville, in 1794. It was cut at a place called " The Barrens," in Madison township. The sons of Zachariah Rice who were in this section of country were John, Peter, George, Jacob, Con- rad, Zachariah, Heniy and Benjamin. John, Peter and George settled in Juniata County, •ludge John Rice, who for many years lived in and near Bloomfield, was a son of John Rice. Jacob settled first in Juniata County, but later came to what is now Spring township, and lived on the farm now owned by his nephews, Zacha- riah and Joseph Rice. The sons of Jacob were Jacob and Henry ; the latter died near Warm Springs, in Spring township ; the former re- mained in Juniata County. Conrad settled in Liberty Valley. Josiah Rice, ex-register of 970 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Perry County, is a grandson. Zachariah settled Srst in Saville township, and on June 25, 1813, purchased of George Strooj) twenty-five acres, part of the Abraham Land is tract, on which was a house, part log and part brick, and a grist-mill. This mill was built before 1786 and was ruu by Shippen Rhine from that time until after 1795. It was rented after that to Jacob Bixler and others. The mill now contains its old wheels and machinery; a piece of iron post, forming a lever, bears the figures 1786 stamped upon it. The old scale beam is still there, with "Shipijen Rhine, 1789" upon it. The brick house, above the mill, on the stream, was built in 1822; the saw-mill was built in 1842. Mr. Rice died in 1846. His son, Jere- jniah, owns the property and lives there far ad- vanced in years. Henry Rice, son of Zachariah, Sr., settled first in Juniata County and later bought the Charles McCoy farm, in Sjiring township. He had two sons, Samuel and Zachariah. The lat- ter became famous as a proprietor of stage-lines, which business was followed by his sous — Sam- uel, Jesse, William, Heur}', James, Zachariah and Joseph. Samuel, Zachariah, Joseph and Henry are managing stage-lines in the county. Benjamin, son of Zachariah, Sr., settled in Kennedy's Valley, on McCabe's Run, where he erected a saw-mill and conducted it many years. The daughters of Zachariah Rice, Sr., were Margaret, Susan, Sarah and Maria. These were intermarried with Jacob Hippie, West, John Heuch and Himes. About two and a half miles from the mouth of McCabe's Run, in Kennedy's Valley, Colonel William Graham, in 1842, erected a tannery on land formerly Abram Waggoner's. He con- ducted business until 1849, and sold to James L. and Joiin L. Diven, who operated until 1858, when they conveyed to Solomon and Joseph Dewalt, who ran it until 1867, when it again came into tlie possession of Colonel William Graham, who continued business there until 1872, when it was abandoned. James Baxter warranted two hundred and seven and one-half acres of land, adjoining lands of Samuel Fisher and on the township line. He erected a tannery upon a run before 1820, which was carried on by him or his heirs until 1824, when John Titzell, who had been in partnership with John Loy, at the Centre Tannery (now Hench's), separated his connection and rented the Baxter tannery, and, April 3, 1828, purchased it and continued in business there until 1855 or 1856, when it was aban- doned. It is now owned by John Smith. The Bethel Church, in Shaffer's Valley, was built about 1830, on land of Michael Murray and now near tlie farm of Samuel S. Lightner. It was remodeled in 1885. The pulpit is supplied by the ministers in charge of Bethel Church, at Landisburg, to which refer- ence is made in the history of that church. LoYSViLLE Orphaxs' Home. — This institu- tion began as an academy in the basement of Lebanon Church, at Loysville, in 1853, with Josiah R. Titzell as principal. It was con tinued there for a year or two, under the care of J. T. Ross. An academy for the vicinity was uiuch desired and, Colonel John Tressler, in 1855, erected a three-story brick building, with a commodious school-room on the first floor. The second and third stories were divided into twenty rooms. It w^as not completed until 1856, and was finished and dedicated in that year, at which time an address was delivered by the Rev. George J. Mertz. The first principal was Mr. John A. Kuukelman, who was suc- ceeded by David L. Tressler, a son of Colonel John Tressler. In 1862 he enlisted as captain of Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-third Regiment Pennsylvauia A'^olunteers, and with him many of the pupils of the academy. The property came to David Tressler, and at the close of the war it was embraced in the schools for soldiers' orphans, under the charge of Wil- liam Minnich, who conducted it for eighteen month. Colonel John Teessler was born in Perry County, 1803, and died at Loysville, Perry County, 1859. His father, Andrew Tressler, was born May, 1746, in Wiirtem- berg, Germany, and died October, 1828, at Lovsville. When three years old, he came, with his parents and an only brother, to (losh- enhoppen, Berks County. He was married to Miss M. Loy, and, after her death, to Miss PERRY COUNTY. 971 Catharine Hamnian. About 1800 he located near Loysville, Perry County, wliere he brought up a large family, among which was the sub- ject of this sketch. In the year 1826 Colonel John Ti-essler mar- ried Elizabeth Loy, who was a daughter of George Loy and a grand-daugliter of Michael Loy, iu wliose honor the town of Loysville was named. The father of Michael Loy emigrated from Germany about the year 1780. Michael came from Berks County to Perry County, ' tion. The Tressler and Loy families were prominent members of the Lutheran Church. Elizabeth Loy, wife of Colonel Tressler, was a member of a class numbering seventy, who were admitted to church membership at Loys- ville, in the spring of 1824, by Rev. John William Heim, who was thirty-four years Lu- theran pastor of tliat congregation. Michael Loy died in 1820, leaving nine children. About the year 1854 Colonel Tressler began the erec- tion, on the southeastern corner of his farm, of COL. JOHJj TRESSLER. where he purchased a tract of land, on the east- ern part of which Loysville is now located. Here the Zimmermans, Loys, Hammers, Hol- lenbachs, Bernheisels, Fleishers, Bo\vers and others made their homes. Here Michael Loy and Martin Bernheisel donated two acres and forty perches for church and school purposes, and Michael Loy was one of the building com- mittee of the first Lutlieran Church erected at Loysville, and in the year 1822 he executed a deed for half an acre of ground for cemetery use, near the church, for one dollar considera- a building for the classical .school he had been instrumental in starting several years previous, and which had, thus far, been held in the base- ment of the church in Loysville. In the year 1856 the school was taken into the new build- ing, now known as the Loysville Academy, until the year 1865, when it was among the first in the State opened for soldiers' orphans. In 1867 the building, campus and twenty-seven acres of ground were bought by the Lutlieran Church for an orphans' home, and the " Tress- ler Orphans' Home," as it is now named, has 972 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. since that time enlarged its buildings and im- proved its grounds, and Rev. P. Willard, its efficient superintendent, has now many orphans under his charge. The crowning glory of the life of Colonel Tressler is the interest he manifested in the cause of education and in the advancement of Christ's kingdom upon the earth. His teach- ings and exemplary character have ^^roduced their legitimate results in the lives of his chil- dreu, who have all acquired a good education, and are nearly all graduates of our best col- leges and consistent members of the Lutheran Church. Five of his sons are members of the learned professions. The records of the Lutheran Church show that a convention of delegates assembled in New Bloomfield, Feb., 1850, from the New Bloom- field and Liverpool charge, consisting of four- teen congregations, for the purpose of dividing the charge. Among the twenty-eight delegates in attendance. Colonel Tressler was selected to be secretary. He was a member of the build- inar committee for the erection of the Lutheran Church at Loysville, in 1850, and was himself the most liberal contributor towards that ob- ject. He frequently represented the charge of which he was a member in the district Synod ; also the district Synod in the General Synod at Winchester. He was a man of perseverance, diligence and application. As such, he has made his own history, and we had but to follow his " foot-jOTuts on the sands of time." Men of noble chai-acter and virtuous deeds make his- tory, not so much with pen and ink, as by weaving those noble deeds into a living, har- monious whole. "He was one of the laymen that met in Fredeiick, Md., and devised the plan of the church extension society. He served nearly ten years as a director of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. He ottered his academy and four acres of ground for the benefit of the missionary institute, on condition that the board would locate it in Loysville. As his offer was not accepted, he has willed it such a way that, though his heirs are the owners of it, it can never go out of the hands of the Lutheran Church. He was a man of more than mediocrity of intellect, great firmness of character, bold in expressing his opinions, especially where the interests of the church were involved, and indomitable in the execution of his plans. He was liberal in his views to others ; yet he loved his church, and would make any sacrifice to promote her interests. Few men of his age and op- portunities had a better knowledge of Bible truth and Christian duty. He was a kind parent, yet firm in his domestic rule. He sought to educate his chil- dren, and fit them to become intelligent and useful members of society; yet his principal aim seems to have been to bring them up for the kingdom of heaven. He had selected his funeral text, Rev. xiv. 13 : ' And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me. Write, Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.' " The following are the names of Colonel Tressler's children : His oldest son. Professor John A. Tressler, died, in 1851, in Columbus, Ohio, where he had been one of the professors in the Capital University. A monument has been erected to his memory at Columbus. He became a mem- ber of the bar at Carlisle prior to his moving West. V. G. Tressler, retired farmer, living at Lakeside, Cook Co., 111. Mrs. Sarah A. ]Minnich, eldest daughter, intermarried with William H. Minnicli, a suc- cessful broker and money-lender, living at Newport, Perry County, Pa., with whom tlie widow of Colonel Tressler is living in content- ment. Rev. John W. Tressler, living at Somerfield, Somerset County, Pa. He has served in sev- eral Lutheran charges. He owns large real- estate interests. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Josiah E. Tressler has retired from the practice of medicine, and is now eugaged in the banking business at Peabody, Kan. He has become a prominent citizen of that place, and has been quite successful as a banker. Mrs. Mary E. Arnold intermarried with John H. Arnold, formerly of Perry County, now living at Harrisburg, and is engaged in the raili'oad business. Dr. Martin Luther Tressler, also a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, living at Carthage, 111., engaged in the drug and book business. PERKY COUNTY. 973 Mrs. Matilda E. Richard intermarried with Rev. Professor J. W. Richard, professor of sacred philology in Wittemberg College, Spring- field, Ohio, — one of the leading institntions of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Loyetta E. Lark intermarried with H. L. Lark, formerly a prominent member of the bar of Dauphin County, but now living at Pea- body, Kan., and engaged in the banking busi- ness with yhupe & Tressler, proprietors of the Peabody Bank. Mrs. Anna M. Scott intermarried with Sam- uel S. Scott, wholesale and retail dry-goods mer- chants at C)ttavva, 111. Rev. David L. Tressler, Ph.D., president of Carthage College, where he died February 20, 1880. He was a man of fine oratorical powers. He was married to Miss Mclntyre, of New Bloomfield, who survives him, together with three children, who still reside at Carthage. A biography of Dr. Tressler was published after his death. Colonel Tressler, being of German origin, inlierited the indomitable energy of that hardy race. Although he did not live to great old age, yet he crowded much that was good and commendable into the time he lived. No man can wholly escape his ancestry if we believe the declaration : " For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generations of them that hate me, and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments." The degree of worldly competence enjoyed and the standing in the community of the chil- dren of Colonel Tressler are a source of gratifi- cation and comfort to the aged widow, who survives him and is spending her latter days in peace and contentment, and looks back on a life usefully and virtuously employed, and re- joices in the prosperity of her children. The Rev. Philip Willard, who had been pastor of the Lebanon Church, with the advice of Daniel Eppley, Esq., president of the Far- mers' Bank of Harrisburg and the Synods of Pennsylvania, made arrangements for the pur- chase of the property, consisting of the academy and five acres of land. Rev. Philip Willard is the grandson of Elias Willard, the descendant of a Huguenot family driven by persecution from France into Germany, whence he emigrated, when a lad, with his father, and settled in Frederick County, Md., where the residue of his life was spent. By his marriage with a Miss Gump, of Beth- lehem, a member of the Society of Moravians, were twelve children, among whom George, born May 30, 1770, who died December 24, 1849, in his eightieth year, was the father of the subject of this biographical sketch. By oc- cujjation he was both a tanner and a farmer. He married Susannah, daughter of Michael and Lenora Culler, who was born March 14, 1781, and died May 24, 1864. Their children are Mary, wife of Christian Weaver, born in 1805; Elizabeth, deceased, wife of Jacob Remsberg, in 1807; Philip, September 29, 1809 ; Catharine, deceased (Mrs. William Erving), in 1812; Su- sannah, wife of Dr. James Willard, in 1814; John, deceased, in 1817; Henry, in 1818 ; Ann Eliza, in 1821 ; and George T., in 1824. Philip Willard, a native of Frederick County, Md., began active life as an employe in his father's tannery, and on the decline of the latter's health assumed the management of his farms, which occupation was continued until his twenty-fifth year. In November, 1834, he entered the preparatory department of Peun- sylvauia College, at Gettysburg, Pa., and the following fall became a member of the fresh- man class, graduating in 1839 with the degree of A. B., and receiving the following year that of A.M. Having subsequently spent two years in the Evanoelical Lutheran Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg, he entered the ministry in 1841, his first charge being at ^Manchester, Car- roll County, Md., where he also officiated in the German tongue, and ministered to eight congregations, often conducting five services a day. The following year he removed to West- minster, the county-seat, where he remained three years, doing an extensive work in the or- ganization of churches and the spread of the gos- pel. After a period spent at Lovettsville, Lou- don County, Ya., he returned, in 1848, to Get- tysburg, and acted as traveling agent for the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, in which ea- 974 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. pacity he materially added to the prosperity of that institution. He was later settled as a pas- tor at Danville, Pa., remaining six years, dur- ing which time many accessions to the church were the result of his labors. He then min- istered for two and a half years to the church at Loysville, where signal blessings followed his efforts, and for the same period at Mifflintown, whence, through the influence of his brother, he resigned to undertake a financial agency for Pennsylyania College; but this plan being frus- home. By the board of trustees of this home he was chosen its superintendent, which office he still holds. Mr. Willard has not been less success- ful in this enterprise than in his ministerial labors during the latter period about nineteen hundred names having been added to the membership roll of the various churches under his care. A more full account of his connection with the growth and prosperity of the institution under his present care will appear elsewhere in this vol- ume. Mr. Willard was married, in October, fii./k<2£<^X.CL^ trated by the opening of the Rebellion, he took charge of the church at Schuylkill Haven. After three years spent here, he accepted the general superintcndency of the Lutheran Publi- cation House, in Philadelphia, and remained for five years officially connected with the organiza- tion. While there employed he purchased, in 1867, on behalf of the Lutheran Church, a property at I./oysville, Perry County, Pa., and secured the co-operation of a number of Synods of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lu- theran Cliurch, in establishing tiicre an orphans' 1841, to Margaretta, daughter of George Chritzman, of Gettysburg, Pa. The children of this union are Virginia ; Janetta ; Martin Luther, of Americus, Kansas; George M., of Philadelphia; Samuel Schmueker, princij)al of the Orphans' Home ; Ezra Kellar, of Perry County ; Herman Franke, of Americus, Kan- sas; and Newton T., a pharmacist, of Phila- delphia. On the 30th of October, 1867, the Lutheran Synods of Pennsylvania petitioned the court of Perry County for a charter of incorporation, PERRY COUNTY. 975 under the name and title of " The Tressler Orphans' Home of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the General Synod in the United States of America." The petition was granted January 6, 1868. The property was in pos- session of the society since 1867, and was then under the care of the Rev. Philip Wilkird, who leased it to Mr. P. Bosseruian, of Newport. In addition to the soldiers' orphans orphans from the Lutheran Church were then received. Mr. Bosserman remained in charge until 1869, when the Rev. Philip Willard took the charge and has since managed the institution. In 1868 twenty-seven and a half acres were purchased. In 1884 the large brick building which now forms the west part was erected. The east and west wings are connected by a building of the same height, which is also used for sleeping-rooms and other purposes. The cost of the improvements for 1884 was twelve thousand dollars. The children who have been cared for in the home since June, 1869, were two hundred and sixty-live soldiers' orjihans and one hundred and seventy-nine orphans of the Lutheran Church. There are at present (1886) at the home seventy-one soldiers' orphans and seventy- nine orphans of the church. There are also other orphans, who are cared for by friends en- tirely, and others who are partially supported. The teachers of the school are Samuel S. Willard, principal ; Ezra Taylor, assistant ; Mrs. Addie Willard, Miss Clara Keifouver; Miss Elizabeth Allemon, teacher of music. The Rev. Philip Willard has been actively sustained in his duties by the advice and coun- sel of the Rev. G. E. Stelling, of Harrisburg, now deceased, and Daniel Eppley, Esq., also of Harrisburg. LOYSVILLE. Loysville is laid out on parts of two tracts ; the east part is on the McClure tract, warranted in 1763, the west part on a tract warranted the same year to John Sharj) ; these lands later came to Martin Bernheisel and ^lichael Loy. At the place where the town was laid (tut, the Lutheran and Reformed Church, a parsonage and a paro- chial school-house stood. A store-house was erected about 1830, and was kept by Michael Kepner, Robert Dunbar and Andrew Welch. It was destroyed by fire and rebuilt at the time the town was laid out. A store on this site is now kept by Abraham Evans. Martin Kepner, in 1839, built a dwelling-house on the corner now occupied by Samuel Sliumaker and open- ed a store in part of it. On the 20th of July, 1840, the directors of the poor of Perry Coun- ty surveyed a block of eight lots, sixty by one hundred and fifty each, on the alms-house tract, on the east side of the road to Heim's Mill, and named it Andesville. Lot No. 1 was sold to Andrew Welch; No. 2, Jacob Crist; No. 3, Jacob Weibley ; No. 4, Alexander Barnes ; No. 5, Michael Kepner; No. 6, I. Delancy; and two lots unnumbered, one to Michael Kepner, on which his building was erected, and the other to J. Newcomer, who erected the next year a dwell- ing upon it. In 1841 Jacob Weibley erected a brick house on lot No. 3 (now Newton Eber- sole). David Kochendorfer built a store-house and dwelling on lot No. 1, originally bought by Andrew Welch, a few years after the laying out. David and Jacob Kochendorfer also built a house on the lot outside of the plot now owned by I. P. jMiller. They succeeded to the store of Michael Kepner in 1842, and were succeeded by John Zimmerman. John Eviuger, David Kochendorfer, George F. Orrel, in 1865, and in the spring of 1867, Samuel Sliumaker, who continued until the spring of 1886. The store now occupied by John Heim was started by D. B. Newcomer about 1862, he, with Daniel Lut- maii, having been in business previously in the iiouse now owned by Dr. B. P. Hooke. The house now occupied by Jacob Rickard was built by Andrew Welch, and before 1850 a tavern was kept by James Gracey. In 1851-52, Andrew Welch was keeping tavern in the dwelling-house since remodeled by the heirs of Edwaixl Miller. A post office was estalilished at Andesville about 1842, and a few years later the name of the town and post-office were changed to Loys- ville, in lionor of INIichael Loy. The successive postmasters have been Jacob Rickerd, David Kochendorfer, George F. Orrel, David K. 976 JUNIATA AND SIJSQUEHAVNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Mimiich, Samuel Shumaker, Isaac P. Miller, David S. Asper, Joseph Newcomer and John AV. Heim, who is the present incumbent. ]\Iichael Ijoy owned the land on which Jjebauon Ciiurch stood. Michael Loy, Jr., died in 1846 and provided in his will that his executors, George and William Loy, should lay out a row of lots from what is now the Lutheran parson- age to the New Bloomfield road, sixty by one hundred and twenty feet. These lots number from 1 to 12, beginning on the New Bloouifield road. Another row of lots, numbering from 13 to 16, inclusive, were laid out fronting on the New Bloomfield road, west from No. l,au alley separating them from the others. These lots were laid out about 1848 and sold soon after, and several houses erected before 1851. In that year John Ritner purchased lots Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 13, 14, 15 and 16, and on lots Nos. 1 and 2 he erected the present brick hotel, which his son Benjamin occupied from 1852 to 1884, when it was purchased by George Ebbert, who now owns and occupies the prop- erty. Lebanon Cnuiicii.' — The Rev. John Tim- othy Kuhl began to visit the people of the Luth- eran faith in Sherman's Valley during 1790, and in that year organized a congregation there. The late George Flcisher, of Saville, who died in 1855, aged eighty-four years, when nineteen years of age, moved with a team Rev. Mr. Kuhl's family and effects from Path Valley to this section. Services were first held in private houses and barns. In 1 704 Martin Bernheisel and Michael Loy donated for church and school purposes two acres and forty-two perches, on which a log church was built, the members uniting in the work of its erection, with John Calhoun as superintendent. The building com- mittee were Michael Loy, George Hammer and Peter Sheibley. The building was about thirty l)y forty feet, and stood east of the present church. In 18(18 the outside was weather- boarded and painted white, and from that time to its destruction was known as " the white church." The majority of the congregation were Luth- ■ Complied from a history of this church by Rev. D. H. Tocht. erans, the others were German Reformed, and each had equal rights to the church. This first building was used until 1850, when it was sold t(^ J. B. Zimmerman. The corner-stone of a new church was laid June 23, 1850, by the Rev. S. S. Schmucker, D.D., of the Theological Seminary of Gettysburg. The ministers pres- ent were Rev. Dr. Schnuicker and Rev. J. Mar- tin, of the Lutheran Church, and Rev. C. H. Leinbach and Rev. A. H. Kremer, of the Re- formed. The church was consecrated March 2, 1851. The ministers then present were Rev. F. Ruthrauff, pastor, Rev. B. Kurtz, D.D., Rev. J. Martin and Rev. M. J. Alleman, of the Lutheran Church ; and Rev. C. H. Leinbach, pastor. Rev. J. F. Merich and Rev. N. Gchr, of the Reformed Church. The cost of the build- ing, with fixtures and bell, was about six thou- ,sand dollars. It was used without material change until 1883, when it was remodeled at a cost of twenty-four hundred dollars. Rev. Mr. Kuhl .served this congregation and others until about 1796. Rev. John Herbst, of Carlisle, served as a supply until 1801, and was succeeded by Rev. Frederick Sanno. Rev. John Frederick Osterloh was then chosen pastor of this congregation, the one in New Bloomfield, St. Peter's, in Spring township, and Fishing Creek, in Rye township. He resided on a farm in Saville, now owned by the heirs of Henry Fleisher. Rev. John William Heim, in May, 1815, became the pastor of Lebanon, Sherman's Valley, St. Michael's and New linflFalo con- gregations, and in 1816 the congregation of Blain was added to his charge. From that date until 1S28 his charge embraced the comi- ties of Mifilin, Juniata and nearly all of Perry. In 1828 he removed to Ivoysville. He died December 27, 1849, aged sixty -seven years, having served the church thirty-four years. In October, 1850, Rev. Frederick Rutliranff be- gan preaching a part of the time in the English language, services prior to this time having been held entirely in Cierman. He resigned in November, 1852, and accepted a call from Cen- tre County. Rev. Reuben Weiser began his labors April 1, 1853, and preachcil iialf the time in' German and half in English ; he became PERRY COUNTY. 977 president of the Central College of Iowa May 2o, 1856, and was succeeded by Rev. Philip Willard, of Danville, who served iiutil 1858, when he accej)ted a call from IMiifliutown. Rev. G. M. Settlemoyer was the next pastor of this charge, beginning April, 1859, continuing until April, 1861, and was succeeded September 1, 1861, by Rev. Peter Sahui, who served until February 1, 1869. Rev. Daniel Sell served Irom November, 1869, to December, 10, 1871 ; Rev. John B. Struuii, from 1873 to 1874; Rev. Isaiah B. Crist, from 1875 to October, 1877; Rev. John F. Dietrich, from October 14, 1877, to 1880 ; Rev. F. Aurand, from May 1, 1880, to September, 1883. The present j)astor, Rev. W. D. E. Scott, began his labors here Decem- ber 13, 1883. After the death of the Rev. Mr. Heim, the congregation which had been under his charge were divided into three different charges, as follows: The Upper or Loysville charge, to be composed of the following congregations, — Zion, Lebanon, St. Peter's and Germany (Ludolph's) Churdies ; the Middle or Bloomfield charge, to be composed of Ickesburg (stone churcli), Shu- mans, Bealors, Bloomfield and Newport; the Lower or Petersburg charge, to be composed of Pisgah, Fishing Creek, Bellows', Petersburg and Xew Buffalo Churches. At the present time the Loysville charge consists of Loysville, Elliotts- bui'g. Mount Zion, in Spring township, and contains a membership of two hundred and ninety-eight. Rev. John William Helm, one of the fa- thers of the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, was the grandson of John George Heim, who was born in Wiirtemberg, Germany ; arrived in America October, 1751 ; was the father of Wil- liam Heim, who settled in Mahanoy township, Northumberland County, Pa., in 1780, and re- moved to Jackson township, Perry County, Pa., in 1815, and died there in 1856, at the age of ninety-five years. Rev. John AVilliam Heim, tlie oldest clijld of William and Elizabeth [leini, was born in Mahanoy township August 8, 1782. In 1799 he was Confirmed a member of the Lutheran Church, and begun his prepara- tion for the ministry under the direction of Rev. Walter, who resided at ]\Iifflinburg, Snyder 62 County,' with whom he spent five years in the study of theology. In June, 1814, the congre- gations at Lewistown, Mifflintown, in Tuscaro- ra Valley and Greenwood townsliip called him as their pastor, and he accejited. He moved to Juniata County, two miles east of MifSintown, and bcyran to serve eight congrco-ations — three in Periy County, one in Snyder, two in Juniata and two in Mifflin. In 1828 he ceased to preach at Lewistown and Decatur ; moved to Loysville, where the congregations had bought a parsonage and fifteen acres for the pastor's use. Some vears after he bought a farm two miles south of Loysville, and built a grist-mill. In 1833 he resigned the congregations on the northeast of the Juniata River in order that the Liverpool charge might be formed, and in 1835 he gave up the congregations in Juniata County, so that his labors afterward were confined to the congregations at Blain, Loysville, St. Peter's, St. Andrew's (Shuman's), Bloomfield and Fishing Creek. In 1840 he added to them St. John's (Bealor's), and, in 1842, Ludolph's (Germany). He was married to Catharine Dreukel, whose mother was killed by a marauding party of In- dians, at her home on Penn's Creek, when Cath- arine was but four years old. Mrs. Heim died in 1848. On Sunday, December 16, 1849, he l)reaehed his last sermon, and died December 27th of the same year, aged sixty-seven years. During his long miuisterial life of thirty-five and a-half years. Rev. Heim was instrumental in organizing sixteen congregations, baptized six thousand four hundred and fifty-six infants and one hundred and thirty-two adults, confirmed one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one cat- echumens and attended ten hundred and seven- teen funerals. The Reformed Congregation of this church had as their first pastor Rev. Jacob Sholl, who became jjastor of the Reformed Churches in this section in October, 1819, and served until he was succeeded by the Rev. Charles H. Leinbach, in 1841. The pastors who have served the congregation since the Rev. ]\Ir. Leinbach are as follows : Henry Musser, 1860 to October, 1864. .Tames A. Shultz, August, 1865, to May, 1867. T. F. Hofimeier, July, 1868, to February, 1872. 978 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. D. L. Steckel, July, 1872, to October, 1873. W. H. Herbert, May, 1874, to May, 1880. H. T. Spanglcr, October, 1880, to April, 1884. M. H. Groh, April, 1884, to the present time. LoYsviLLE Methodist Episcopal Chapel was situated aliout one-quarter of a mile west of Loysville and was built under the manage- ment of Rev. J. Riddle in 1865. It was sup- plied until 1883 by ministers from the Bloom- field Circuit. It is about to be removed to Mannsville in Centre township, where it will be rebuilt. GREEN park. This hamlet is on part of two tracts ; the west part was warranted by Ludwig Laird Feb- ruary 4, 1755 ; the east part to James IMoore September 25, 1766. The first house was built by William Reed about 18.">4 ; Jacob Xoltrin- gen and John Weary subsequently built the latter the old brick house. About 1857 Judge Martin Mootzer and John Beniheisel built the store-house and opened a store ; the post-office was established about the same time. They were succeeded in the store and post-office by Captain Frank Mortimer, George Ernest, Wil- liam B. Keck, W. W. McClure and Samuel Stambaugh, George Beruheisel and William Hoobaugh. The last-named is now postmas- ter. A machine-shop was started by Jacob Bern- heisel & Sons about 1857, who later built a foundry. They continued until 1874 and sold to Ream & Bros., who still continue. The Presbyterian Church that formerly stood on the site of the old burying-ground on the land of William Brickley was known as the " Limestone" or " Lower Church." The meeting-house lot contained thirty-six acres and was surveyed in 1768. The congregation was partly organized in 1766, but the Presbytery declined to give it full standing, as being too near the C'entre Church. A log building was erected, and aftci- continued appeals Presbytery finally consented, June 24, 1772, and this church, with Centre and Upper Churches, called the Rev. William Thom. Supplies were sent to them in the mean time by Presbytery. October 15, 1777, a call was extended to the Rev. John Linn, which was accepted, and he was installed in June, 1778, and remained in charge until his death, in 1820. The Limestone Church was abandoned before the death of Mr. Linn, and its place was filled by the organization of the Lan- disburg Church, a few years later. The old burying-ground still remains, but the old church has entirely gone. Schools. — The first school-house known to have been in the present limits of this town- ship was at the Lebanon Church, built about 1794. Rev. D. H. Focht says of it,— " A short time after the church had been built a large school-house was erected on the same lot of ground and near the church. A partition divided the school-house inside and a large chimney occupied the centre. One end of the house was occupied by the teacher and his family and the other by the school. For many years a sort of congregational school was kept here." This old school-house was used until 1837, when the present one was built. The Loysville Academy was begun in the basement of the church in 1853, and later merged into what is now the Tressler Orphans' Home. Probably the next school-house was at Landisburg, on the lot laid out in the town plat in 1 793, on the site of the present school-house. John McClure and Jona- than Ro.'s were teachers in it. On May 7, 1825, an election was held for schoolmen to havecharge of the schools, and William D. Mitchell, Jesse Miller and Jacob Fritz were chosen. There was a school-house, as early as 1815, at or near the present Green Park, and near the site of Rheem's foundry Of the early teachers were Thomas Simonton, Robert Kelly, Alex. C. Martin, James Fleming and Thatclior. In 1842 a brick house was built, which was used until 1881, when it was replaced by the present one. A log school-house was used west of Sherman's Creek, near the Morrow.s' land, which, about 1870, was rcjilaccd liy the present brick one. Another sciiool-housc .stiKxl near the Patterson mill. Soon after 1836 a lot was bought of John Waggoner, about fifteen rods from the old house, and a stone iiouse was built which was used until 185S, when tlic brick house was built on Laurel Run. Near the Bethel Church a frame school-house was long used, and in 1881 was sujjcrseded by the one now standing. In 1851 a school-house was PERRY COUNTY. 979 built on the Waggoner farm, north from Land- isburg, which was replaced by the present neat structure in 1884. In Kennedy Valley, on the Krull farm, a log school was in use many years. About ten years ago the present one took its place. On the farm of William Allen stands a school-house, built about 1872. A log house had been previously used. The school-house at Bridgeport was built of brick BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. •TAMES L. DIVEN. James L. Diven is the grandson of James Diven, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, and removed, prior to the War of the Revolution, from York County, Pa., to Cumberland (now Per- ry) County, in the same State, where he was an before Spring township was organized. It is under the care of the board of directors of Tyrone. The schools in the township at present are known as Loysville (High and Primary), Green Park, Union, Waggoner's, Chestnut Grove, Spruce Banks, Kennedy's Valley, KruU's and Bridgeport. Four hundred and seventy-eight pupils were in attendance at these schools in 1884. industrious farmer. He married a Miss Wad- dell, whose children are Alexander, James, John, William, Joseph and five daughters. John was born in Spring township. Perry County, about the year 1778, and in 1816 re- moved to Landisburg, whei'e he married Annie, daughter of Rev. John Linn. The children of this marriage are James L., born May 29, 1819; Mary G., February 7, 1821, who died June 23, 1834 ; Anna B., wife of William R. 980 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Fetter, September 5, 1825 ; John L., April IS, 1827. The death of Mrs. Diveii occurred July 26, 1838, and that of Mr. Diveu May 2, 1839. Their son, James L., wasboru iu Landis- burg, Perrj' County, as were all the children, and at the age of fifteen removed with his parents to a farm iu Spring township, where he became familiar with the routine of farm labor, and on the death of his father acquired by purchase the property. Having, in 1841, abandoned farming, the following year he came to Landisl)urg and engaged in men-antile pur- suits. In 1846, having relinquished business, he, in 1847, removed to Kennedy's Valley and embarked in the tanning business. He was in 1851 elected prothonotary of the county, and made New Bloorafield his residence, serving in that capacity two terms of three years each, meanwhile retaining his interest in the tannery in conjunction with his brother, John L. Diven. In 1858 Mr. Diven returned to Landisburg, and disposing of his share in the tannery, en- gaged again in mercantile pursuits, which have since that date occupied his attention. He was, on the 26th of September, 1839, married to Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. John Junkiu, whose children are Anna M. (Mrs. George Stroop), Sarah B., Jane McCliire (deceased) and Emma (Mrs. AVilliam Murray). Mrs. Diven died June 28, 1847, and he was again married, November 20, 1849, to Mary, daughter of Robert Irvin, to whom were born children — Robert I. and William H. The death of Mrs. Diven occurred February 28, 1856, and October 25, 1858, he married Mar- garet J., daughter of Anthony Black. Their children are John A. (deceased), James L. and Edward B. A Republican in politics, Mr. Diven is not a partisan nor a worker in the \>o- litical field. His ability and integrity have made his services desirable as guardian and adminis- trator, in whi(;h caj)acity he has often acted. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Lan- disburg, as was also his father. CHAPTER VII. LANDISBURG BOROUGH. This town is ten miles from New Bloomfield, the county-seat of Perry County and fourteen miles from Carlisle. It was laid out by Abraham Landis, a resident of Cocalico township, Lancas- ter County, who, jNIay 25, 1787, took out a war- rant for one hundred and sixteen acres, lying along Montour's Run. In 1793 he laid out a part of this land into seventy-two lots, and named it Landisburg, with the following de- scribed boundaries : " Beginning at a Post near the Run, at or near the Great Road ; thence along said Road, past a certain dwelling and Store-House (now in possession of Mr. Shippen Rhine) on said tract, North 22° west 1084 ft. to a post ; thence by land of the said Abraham Landis, North 68° east 780 feet to a post : thence south 22" east 1084 feet to a post ; thence G8" west 780 feet to the beginning." The survey was made and the plan executed by John ^NlcClure. A lottery was then pro- jected, and the tickets offei'ed for sale. Each person who secured a lot was required to build within three years a house two stories high, or hiy-her, and to have a brick or stone chimnev. Each lot also was sul]iject to an annual quit- rent of seven shillings and six-j)ence. A nimi- Ijer of lots were sold and deeds given iu later years. The earliest deed on record Mas made to George Wolf, wheelwright, and bears date December 1, 1795, for lot No. 33, sixty by one hundred and fifty feet, the size of the town lots. James Wilson bought a lot April 15, 1797, and November 9, 1807, another lot and part of a lot near lot 73, which then had upon it a small brick house, owned by Jean Kilgore, widow of Hugh Kilgore ; Wilson bought lot 73, and April 12, 1811, sold lots 72, 73 and the part of a lot ncai- 73, the last now owned by AVilliam Power. On November 9, 1807, Landis deeded to John Bigler lot No. 18, which he had drawn in the lottery. Bigler, on Alarch 28, ISOS, sold it to Emos Cadwallader. On the 1st of Alay, 1810, Landis sold to George Stroop lots Nos. 59, 62, 63, 64, and 65, for sixty-tlircc dollars ; Stroop sold lot 59 to George Wolf, March 3, 1811. Landis sold to George Wolf, April 14, 1810, lot No. 58, and he (AVolf) had bought lot No. 40 of George Stroop, June 14, 1808 ; Wolf, on the 8th of June, 1812, conveyed to Frederick Ijcibv, (Cooper) lots Nos. 40, 58, 59, who retainetl tliciii until March PEKRY COUNTY. 981 9, 1813, when he sold them for seven hundred dollars to John Leiby, shoemaker, who for four hundred dollars sold them, October 4, 1819, to Jacob Stroop, millwright ; he sold them for seven hundred dollars, January 19, 1820, to Andrew Mateer. December 11, 1811, Abra- ham Landis on December 13, 1820, deeded Jacob Fritz a tract on the west side of the town. Lot 42 was sold by Landis to Samuel Ross, saddler, in 1810, which, in 1813, belonged to Daniel Cosier. March 10, 1813, George Stroop bought the remainder of the Landis tract and laid out a portion into lots. On November 1, 1816, Ludwig Bower bought lot 118, and January 25, 1822, sold it to Abraham Shively. The quit-rents had been reserved by Landis in his sale to Stroojj, and on April 21, 1821, Landis gave a power of attorney to Jacob Stroojj to attend to business in the place for him, which right was revoked July 5, 1823. Lot 20 was bought by James Diven, on which he built> a dwelling-house, now owned by Chas. Kell. His tannery was on lots 7, 8, 9, 10. They were purchased by J. Scroggs and John Big- ler, and the tannery was built by Scroggs and sold to Jamas Diven, Jr., who died in 1816. Fi'om that time the tannery was rented by the heire until 1840, when it was purchased by James A. Diven, the son, and one of the heirs of James Diven, Jr. It passed in 1853 to John D. Diven, who died in 1872, and the tannery was sold to William W. McClure, who, in 1880, sold to D. Moffat & Co., of New York. Lots 1, 2, 23 and 24 were bought from Landis by James Diven, who built, in 1831, a tannery upon lot 1, and occupied a dwelling-house upon lots 23 and 24, which had been built many years previously. This property (dwelling- house and the Rice-mill) pa.ssed to Jacob Bigler, the father of William and John Bigler, who kept a tavern. L'pon the death of James Diven, in 1840, tlie tannery passetl to Parkinson Hench and Samuel Black, who owned it until 1859, when ^^'illiam B. Diven, son of James Diven, the former owner, became the purchaser. He continued business until 1867, when he sold the tannery to James Murray, who ran it until 1870, when it became the property of the Perry County Bank. It was sold to R. H. Middleton & Co., who conveyed it to Peter A. Ahl & Co. The dwelling-house is now owned by Mrs. James Diven. The first tavern was the Bigler House, corner of Carlisle and Water Streets, kept by Jacob Bigler. In 1820, David Heckerdorn was keep- ing it; Robert Welsh succeeded, and Peter Smee was the last landlord, and the property passed to James Diven. The next tavern was on High Street, and on lot 73, which, in 1807, was bought from James Wilson by Christian Bigler; it came to Jacob Fi'itz, who built a log tavern-house, and kept a few years, when it was sold to Abram Ful- weiler, who made an addition to the house, and opened there a store, which lie kept until 1825, when he moved to Main Street, and built the stone house and died there. The next tavern was built on lot 48, now owned by John A. Wilson, before the county was organized, and was at that time, 1820, kept by John Creigli ; later by John Kebler, until 1834, when he sold to Thomas Elliot, who kept it a short time and sold to Heniy Coojier, who kept it many years. It was long since abandoned as a tavern. Another tavern was in the building now occupied by James L. Diven, whicJi was used till 1803 by Jolin Wingert as a store. After his death, in tliat year, it was fitted as a tavern and kept by Michael Sypher, Jacob Fritz and Thomas Craighead, who kept during the time the courts were held in Landis- burg. About 1826-27 the property passed to "William McClure, who opened a store and kept until 1834. In 1859, James L. Diven became the purchaser and still owns it. What is now known as the Landisburg Hotel was built by Jacob Fritz. In 1820 it was kejjt by John Hackett, who was succeeded by David Heckerdorn, Gilbert ^Moon, Robert Welsh and Gilbert Moon. In 1834, Jacob Evinger became the owner and kept the hotel until 1845, when he died; since 1868 it has been kept by ^lajor George A. Shuman. On lot 47, now owned by Dr. James P. Sheibley, was once a hotel, kept in 1821 by James Atchley, who was preceded by Henry Light- 982 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ner and succeeded by Gilbert Moon, who was the last to keep tavern in the house. Lot No. 45 was drawn by Edward West and later owned b}' Dr. John Creigh, who built the dwelling-house and resided there until he went out as a captain, in 1812, after which he moved to Carlisle. It was then occupied by John D. Creigh, and, about 1819, was opened by John Hippie as a hotel and kept by him until 1829, when he was elected sheriff and moved to Bloomfield. In 1881 the old building was torn down and the parsonage of the Reformed congregation now stands upon its site. The land on which Patterson's store now stands was bought by Jacob Fritz on an article of agreement with Abraham Landis, Decem- ber 11, 1811, for which he received a deed De- cember 13, 1820. This lot Fritz sold to Samuel Anderson, who built thereon the present brick dwelling. The protlionotary's office was kept there by William B. Mitchell until its removal to Bloomfield, in 1826. The property then passed to General Henry Fetter, who removed his store from lc>t .'>2, now owned by Joseph H. Kennedy's heirs, to the building where he kept store many years. Henrv Wingert learned the trade of a hatter in I^ebanon County, and, after a seven years' apprenticeship, married and came to Landis- burg, and, April 4, 1811, purchased lot No. 33 of Abram Shade, and built a part of the house now occupied by his son, Dr. J. F. Wingert, and, with his brother, began the hatting busi- ness and continued it many years together. Val- entine moved to Huntingdon County, and Henry continued until about 1852, and died in 1873. In April, 1813, he purchased lot 34, in 1815 lot 35, and lot 36 he purchased of Leon- ard Keck and paid for it in hats. Samuel Ross, a saddler, bought, April 2, 1810, lot 42, on which he built the house now owned by ex-Sheriff Forman, of Carlisle. He sold it, in 1812, to John Fahnostock, who sold to Dan- iel Cozier, jNIarch 29, 1813. Ross carried on the business at this place until 1820, when the lot was bought by Daniel Stambaugh, who used it as a dwelling, store and the sheriff's office. Ross removed to Sliafer's A^allcy. John Leiby sold a lot to Bernard Sheibley, a wagon-maker, who settled in the town. Dr. J. H. Sheibley, now of Landisburg, is his son ; other sous and daughters are living in the county. Lorenzo Wingert, about 1798, settled near St. Peter's Church. His sons were Simon, John, Jacob, Valentine and Henry. The daugh- ters intermarried with the Hacketts and Ful- weiler. John settled in Landisburg about 1794, and opened a store on the lots now owned and occupied by James L. Diven as a dwelling and store, and died in 1803. His father, Lorenzo, also died in Landisburg. A plot of the town in possession of William Linn, Esq., gives the names of owners of lots about 1812. The list is as follows : Nos. 1, 2, Abraham Landis ; 3, H. Waggoner; 4, .L Waggoner ; 5, S. Waggoner; 6, 7, 8, J. Scroggs; 9, 10, 11, 12, J. Bigler; 13, John Peck; 14, school- house; 15, Polly Ross; 16, H. Titzell ; 17, Ch.arles Simon ; 18, E. Cadwallader; 19, C. Eumple ; 20, James Diven; 21, A. Landis; 22, A. B. Crewel; 23, 24, A. Landis ; 25, 26, J. Fritz ; 27, John Power ; 28, J. Dun- bar; 29, Mary Wilson ; 30, H. Landis; 31,'S. Bern- heisel; 32, E. W. Cozier; 33, Dcwalt Werts; 34, S. Atlas ; 35, 36, ; 37, 38, 39, Geo. Stroop ; 40, George Wolf; 41, W. Asken ; 42, S. Ross ; 43, S. Win- gert ; 44, S. Bernheisel ; 45, E. West ; 46, Dr. J. Creigh; 47, G. Moore ; 48, James Wilson ; 49, Jean Kilgore , 50, Robert Cree ; 51, Dr. J. Creigh ; 52, 53, E. West ; 54, .John Topley ; 55, 56, S. Wingert ; 57, S. More; 58, 59, G. Stroop ; 60, H. Kline ; 61, George Dunbar; 62, 63, 64, G. Stroop ; 65, S. Bernheisel ; 66, J. F.ahnes- tock; 67,68, Chas. Cozier; 70, Dr. J. Creigh; 71, James Bell ; 72, James Wilson. Landisburg a County-Seat. — In 1820, when the county of Perry was organized, Lan- disburg was chosen as the place for holding courts until another site should be selected. It was hoped the town would be selected, and a subscription list was started to erect county buildings, an account of whicli will be found in the "Organization of Perry County," page 896. A large log building had been erected by John Hackett in a line with '\\'ater Street, west of the town plot, in which courts were held until 1826, when they were removed to New Bloomfield. The first court was held under Judge John Reed, on December 4, 1820. Of the jurors at the first court, Joiin Black, of New Bloomfield, is the only one living. The building, after the re- PERRY COUNTY. 983 moval, was owned by Robert Gibson, Esq., and was torn down in 1841. The site is now occu- j)ied by the bricli residence of David Drum- gold. James L. Diven, in February, 1881, contrib- uted an article to the Historical Society of Perry County on the county-seat at Laudisburg, which \vas publislied in the Perry County Freeman, and is here given, — " Landisbueg, Pa., Feb. 12th, 1881. " Wm. Henry Sponsler — Dear Sir: The house in Laudisburg known a.s the 'old court-house,' and in which the first courts of the county were held, was a large and unfinished log building, ' chunked and daubed,' situated on the northwest corner of Carlisle and Water Streets. There was a small one-story dwelling immediately adjoining it on the west, on Water Street, in which a tanner by the name of Allen Xesbit lived, who had a small tan-yard on the same lot and carried on the business of tanning in a small way. " The court-room occupied the whole of the first floor of the court-house; the second floor was divided Ijy rough board partitions into three apartments, for cummissionei's' office and jury-rooms, and was reached by a rude, open stairway in the corner of the court- room. The seats in the court-room were ordinary lioard benches. The judges' bench was a raised plat- form in the north end of the room, made of unplaned lioards and furnished in front with a top or shelf, as a writing-desk. The counsels' table was a common pine dinner-table ; while the clerks had desks similar to those in use in the old court-house in New Bloom- fii'ld and possibly were the same ones. " The room was also used as a place of public wor- shi]i by the Presbyterians and Methodists until they each obtained a church building of their own-. " When the courts were removed to New Bloomfield the old court-house property came into possession oJ the late Robert Gibson, Esq., who used the room for a cabinet-maker's shop until the year 1840, when he took the old building down and built the present brick dwelling-house on its site. " The county offices, with the exception of the commissioners' office, were in the dwellings of the officers. The first sherift', Daniel Stambaugh, and also Jesse Miller (his successor), had the office in the house on the northeitst corner of the Centre Sr|uare, Sheriff Stambaugh dying there during his term. " Prothonotary Wm. B. Mitchell had his office and residence in the brick house,with store-room attached, owned and occupied afterwards by the late General Henry Fetter, and now owned by his grandson, Wm. H. Niblock. The office was in the front room, on Carlisle Street. " Jacob Fritz, Esq., register and recorder, lived in the store-house on Water Street afterwards owned by Jesse Hippie, and now owned and occupied by Rob- ert Jones, Sr. The register's office was in the base- ment of the house. "John Topley, Sr. (father of A. F. Toi)lcy, Esq.), was court crier. The court was called by a troop of small boys ringing a dinner-bell through the streets at the appointed hour. Respectfully yours, "James L. Divex." \YilIiam Power, before 1821, kept store where J. Kecl^ now lias a store, and in 1821 retired to his farm. In 1820 the tavern-stand kept by Thomas Craighead was known as the " Lawrence Inn." Henry Lightner's tavern, now the property of Dr. J. P. Sheibley, iu that year was known as the " Spread Eagle." Michael Sypher was keeping tavern in that year; Samuel Maus was keeping a clock and watch-maker's .shop on the site of the post-office ; Robert H. McCIellan, in .Tuly, 1820, opened a new store ; Alexander tt Hays Mere saddle and harness-makers, and their shop was opposite the printing-office of the Ferry Forester; John D. Creigh, Charles B. Davi,<', F. M. M'adsworth were attorneys and had offices in the town ; Allen Jfesbitt, about 1818, established a small tannery in the rear of the court-house lot and continued until about 1828-29 ; Jo.seph H. Ken- nedy, in 1821, mamifactured nails by liand in the town ; a fair and cattle show was held in Landi.sbin-g Augu.st 16-17, 1821; Valentine Miller kept an apothccary-shcip in the east end of the present hotel and sold it in 1830; William Dalton also had an apotheeary-.shop adjoining -lohn Hippie's hotel. The Ferry Forester, the first paper in the county, was started in Laud- isburg, July 12, 1820, by H. W. Peterson and Alexander Magee. H. W. Peterson was asso- ciate editor from 1820 to 1821, and then after- wards edited a paper iu Ijcbanon County. He removed to Gault, I^pper Canada, where he became probate jiulgc and died there. The Forester was continued by Alexander Magee at Landi.sburg until April 0, 1829, when the first i.ssue was sent from the office on ^lain Street, New Bloomfield. The fiftieth anniversary of American inde- pendence was observed in Laudisburg July 4, 1826. The Laudisburg Artillerists, under Cap- tain Henry Fetter, tlie Laudisburg Guards, 984 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. under Captain Robert McClellan, and the citi- zens formed in the centre square and marched to tlie court-house, where an address was deliv- ered by Jonas Butterfield, after which tliey marclied to the farm of William Power, on Sherman's Creek, where a dinner was served and toasts drank. The Golden Rule Lodge, F. and A. M., No 208, was constituted in Landisburg June 26, 1825, when an address was delivered in the court-house by the Rev. Robert Piggot, of Lewistowu. The services were performed by District Deputy Grand Master Thomas H. Crawford, of Chambersburg. The officers first installed were Robert H. McClellan, Worthy Master ; Jacob Stroojj, Senior Warden ; and John Dunbar Creigh, Junior Warden. The lodge was discontinued about 1833. A fire company was established about 1829, and a new hand fire-engine was purchased. The company was not long-lived. The engine was kept many years and finally sold. The road to Carlisle for many years was by way of Sterrett's Gap and by Long's Gap. In the session of 1826-27 a State road was ordered laid by the way of the gap now known as Wag- goner's Gap. It was built in 1828, and is now mainly used as the nearest route to Carlisle. It is not known whether a post-office was in Landisburg prior to 1821, but in that year Samuel Anderson was postmaster. He died in 1823, and August 1st, in that year, Henry Fetter was appointed. Postmasters since were, —1825, Jonas Butterfield ; 1826, John Kibler; 1828, Francis Kelly; 1834, John Ijurtnett ; 1841, William Blaine; 1844, Jesse Hippie; 1848, George Shafer; 1S52, John Burtnett; 1861, Mary Sheibley ; 1866, Mary Hutchinson; 1868, R. H. Preisler; 1877, Nancy Conner; 1885, James C. Preisler. The town was incorporated December 23, 1831. The records of the Council have not been preserved. Schools. — In the town plot of 17!l3, lot Xo. 14 was set apart for scho(jl purposes and a log school-house was built and used tuitil 1837, when the present stone house was put up. Joiin McClure, a surveyor, was an e;u-ly teach- er. He taught at various times, and was tiie first teacher in the new school-house in 1837. He is well remembered by James L. Diven, Dr. John Wingert, Jeremiah Rice and others as the teacher in their youth. Jonathan Ross and Alexander Roddy were teachers in the old house, Anderson and Edward Drumgold in the later house. James B. Cooper began a night- school in the town November 15, 1827, and in September, 1835, W. P. Johnson was keeping a select school. The old log school-house was managed by a l)oard of trustees chosen by the citizens, and in the act incorporating the bor- ough, John Kibler, Henry Fetter and John Diven were appointed trustees of the school. The public-school law of 1834 was accepted in 1836, when the trustees gave place to a board of school directors. The school reports for 1884 give an attendance of ninety-five pupils. Mount Dempsey Academy was founded on the 8th of April, 1856, by the Rev. T. B. Bucher. The principals of the school following were F. A. Gast, David Evans, Esq., Rev. R. Z. Salem, William H. Sheibley, S. H. Galbraith, Esq., Rev. G. C. Hall, S. C. Cooper, J. C. Sheibley and L. B. Kerr, Esq. The school was held in the basement of the Reformed Church, and was closed about 1864. Presbyterian Church. — The Presbyteri- ans of this section attended the Old Centre Presbyterian Church until 1825, when thirty- two persons, members of the old church, were constituted as the Landisburg Presbyterian Church, June 7, 1825. Rev. James M. Mc- Clintock was installed pastor, and continued until 1834, when Rev. John Dickey became pas- tor of the New Bloomfield charge, and the Land- isburg and the Ickcsburg congregations were united with it. He remained until 1854, when Rev. Lewis Williams was called in charge of Centre, Ujiper and Landisburg congregations. These he served until his death, in March, 1857, and was succeeded by Rev. John Clark, who resigned in 1864, and was followed by the Rev. James Ramsey for two years. After a vacancy of two years Rev. Robert McPherson was called, and continued until 1877. Rev. Silas A. Daven- port became the next pastor, served two years, since which time the congregation has been without a pastor. The early services of the church were PERRY COUNTY. 985 hekl in tlie old log coiirt-lioiise. On -Tnne 9,1829, Samuel Ijiun, Jacob Stanibaugh and William Cook, trustees of the congregation, purcha.sed of Sebastian Wonder lots \o. 120 and 121, on the Main Street, and in 18-"jU built the present eluirch. The CnuRfH ok Goi>. — The founder of this denomination. Rev. John AVinebrenner, visited Landisbnrg in 1821 and preached on Sunday, April lOtli. In 1828, Henry Wingert, of Landisljurg, began preaching, and M'as a teach- ina' elder until lI), two liundier), 288 acres ; Jacob Shambaugh (weaver), 137 acres ridge land; Jonathan Smith (hatter), a house and lot in German- town ; .John Stambaugh, 160 acres patent Land, 66 acres mountain land, and a saw-mill ; Mathias Stumj) (blacksmith), 70 acres, a saw-mill and two lots in Germantown ; Henry Taylor, 300 acres and a saw- mill ; John Titzel (tanner), land ; Zalmon Tousey, 200 acres ridge land and a still (the Tousey land was on the line of Saville and Toboyne, and on that account the land of the Tousey brothers is assessed in both townships. Their mill (now Jacob Bixler's) was in Saville from 1819, when Saville was formed, until 990 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1836, when Madison was erected) ; George Thomas, 63 acres ridge land ; John Urie, 110 acres ; Gasper Wolf (bucket-raaker), 137 acres; Henry Wentz (carpenter), 140 acres; James Waterstone, 50 acres ; John Worm- ly, 163 acres, a grist and saw-mill ; Daniel Wentz (carpenter), 9 acres and a house; John H. Yambert, 113 acres; Henry Zimmerman (weaver), 300 acres, 150 being ridge land ; Ludwig Watt's heirs, lands, etc.; Andrew Bisoline (shoemaker), 12 acres; John Hollenbangh, lands, etc.; James Hockenberry, 100 acres mountain land ; Samuel McCounell (bhick- smith), a house and lot fit ground, and a lot in New Gerraantown. In addition to flio above persons who are taxed for real estate, tlie following seventy-four persons are taxed for personal property, occu- pation, etc. : Geo. Arnold, Juo. Abercony (tailor), Wm. Anderson, Jr., Jacob Arnold,Thos. Anderson, Jos.Bryner, George Bisceline (wagon-maker), David Bergstresser, John Briner (shoemaker), Samuel Black (fuller), Nathaniel Bowing (shoemaker), Jno. Barnhart, Geo. Baker (weaver), Peter Baltozer, Thos. Carson, Juo. Calhoun (carpenter), George De Lancey (shoemaker), Daniel Dewalt (shoemaker), John Edibum (miller), Conrad Earnest (weaver), Lawrence Evert, Jonathan Foust, Abraham Freed, Daniel Frank (shoenuiker), Michael Gutshall, Sr., Jacob Heuch, Henry Hollenbaugh (weaver), Michael Hollenbangh (shoemaker), ^Michael Hollenbangh (weaver), Benj. Hollenbaugh, John Hall, Jonatlian Hall (weaver), John Hetterick, John Jordan (miller), Daniel Jacobs, Jacob Koiner (coop- er), David Kendell, Adam Kessler, Michael Kridler (shoemaker), David Kunkel, George Liby (carpenter), Geo. Murphy (cooper), Jonathan Moose (blacksmith), Peter Moose (blacksmith), John Martin, Jno. McKee (weaver), Wm. Miller, Mathew McKean, Andrew Miller, John Nelson, Sr., Jno. Owen, Fred. Over- house, Alex. Patterson, Paul Rice (cooper), John Eeeder, Sr., Charles Robinson (weaver), Mathew Smith (miller), George Shade (coo]ier), George Stroup (stone-mason), William Smiley, Peter Stall, Martin Stum, Nicholas Stum (shoemaker), Jonathan Sherill (shoemaker), Henry Swamer, Peter Stone, David Shower (millwright), Thomas Smith, John Thompson (shoemaker), Hugh Wallace (cooper), Thos. Wallace (mason), John Zimmerman, Fred. Dronberger (weaver), Wm. Hicks. Niiinher of taxable persons in Toboyne town- ship for 1820 was ;365 ; ])0])nlation, 1955 ; vahi- ation was 1 3-42,] 79.00. This assessment was made the year the county was formed, and more than lialf a century after the erection of Toboyne. It contains all the names found on record for that year (ex<'ept the sixty-seven freemen) and the utimber of acres owned by each person. It will be found valuable for ref- erence in studying the history of the three upper townships. There were nine distilleries, eitrlit e-rist-mills, fourteen saw-mills and three CO ' tan-yards assessed. Hon. William .Vnderson was taxed for one negro, valued at eighty dol- lars. Peter Shively and Jas. Jlaird, of Toboyne township, were licensed to retail liquors in 1X21; John Snel], Henry Zimmerman and David Koutz received tavern licenses in 1S22, and Jno. Strawbridge in 1823. Retailers of merchandise in those times often took out licenses to sell liquor in connection with their stores, .so that some of them, although nmninally mer- chants, sold as much liquor as regular taverns. In 1825 Anthony Black secured a license as a retailer, and Henry Zimmerman a tavern license. His tavern was at Andersonburg, and was a tiimous i-esort. He was also the postmaster. By act of 21st of March, 180.'!, the townships of Toboyne and Tyrone were fbi'med into two election districts, and the house of Henry Zim- mernuui was made the voting-place for Toboyne. In LS.30 there were two voting-places in the township, as appears from an election proclama- tion published in the Pcrri/ Forester October, 1830, which stated that " The election will be held at the school-house in New Crermantowu I>istrict, and at Zimmerman's tavern, in Lower District." Henry Zimmerman died in April, 1827, and was postmaster theu. The office was kept b}' ills widow for some months after. The Forester, dated November 19, 1829, names James Ewing, Anthony Black, James Morrison and B. Fosselman & Co. as the retailers in Toboyne. James Ewing had a store in New Germantown,and also, for a time, at Mt. I'leasant. Aufh(Hiy Black first had a store near his home at Mount Pleasant, but after- wards in J»Iain. In 1829, Daniel Kautz, Thomas B. Jacobs, David Sheaffer and Henry Zimmerman's heirs obtained tavern licenses. In 1830 the merchants were James Ewing, Thomas Black, James Morrison, J. S. McC'lintock, John Reed, Anthony Black and B. l^'osselman & Co. At April sessions, 1835, Emily Gray, Daniel PERRY COUNTY. 991 Slieaffur, Philip Tensler and John Zimmerman secured tavern licenses. In the assessment of Toboyne for 1835, just one year before ^ladison was formed, the fol- lowing mills, stores, tan-yards, distilleries, etc., are a,ssessed : Adams Bros., chopping-mill and carding-niill ; Robert Adams, saw-mill ; George, William and James Adair, still; James Adams, tan-yard ; John Beaver, tan- )'ard ; Solomon Bower,still ; Andrew Barrick, still ; An- thony Black, grist-mill ; Abram Bower, still ; James Campbell, grist and saw-mill ; .Jacob Cramer, grist- mill; James Eaton, fulling-mill and carding-machine and still ; James Ewing, store at Briner's Run and one in Gerraantown ; Ralph Ewing (school-teacher), saw-mill; Noah Elder, tan-yard in Germantown ; John Fulwiler efe Co., store ; Alexander Frank, saw- mill ; George Hollenbaugh, grist-mill, saw-mill and oil-mill ; Henry Hackett, still ; Michael Harper, saw- mill ; James Johnston, saw-mill ; John Long, saw-mill ; Atchison Laughlin, tan-yard ; William Miller, grist and saw-mill ; Henry Mumper, still ; Samuel Milli- gan, store at Anthony Black's ; James McNeal, grist and saw-mill; James Morrison, store at Anderson- burg; Daniel Xidick, saw-mill; William Owing, grist-mill, saw-mill and still ; George Rice, saw-mill ; .Tohn Shatto, saw-mill ; John Stump, saw-mill; Ben- iamin Salsburg, mill ; Mathias Stump, saw-mill ; Philip Stanibaugh, still and .saw-mill ; John Stam- baugh. saw-mill ; Tousey Bros., still; Wilson Welch, store and post-office; John Wormley, grist-mill and saw-mill ; Joseph Woods, still. The population of Toboyne in 1830 was two thousand three hundred and eleven. Toboyne's i-epresentatives at the first Common Pleas Court held in Perry County, on December 4, 1820, were William Anderson, Esq., as one of the a.ssociate judges ; Nicholas Bard, John Kogan and Daniel Motzer, grand jurors; and John McKim as constable. Taxxi:i!IKs. — At one time several large tan- nerio.'s \vere iu successful operation in this town- ship. ( )f these, George Hench, Esq., of Car- lisle, formerly of Madi.son township, and him- .self a tanner of extensive experience, has kindly furnished information. Toboyne Tannery is at the npper end of the narrow valley, lying along the base of Bower's Mountain. It was erected about 1850 by Israel and Samuel Lupfer. It afforded employment for a number of persons, and was the means of enriching its owners and of bringing consider- able money into that valley. Samuel Lupfer .sold it to his lirother, who conducted the busi- ness imtil 1nly clunrh in the village, its ser- vices arc attended by persons belonging to other denominations. No list of its pastors has been kept. The present pastor is l\cv. J. F. Pen- nington, a nuin admired by all who know him. Fairvicw Methodist Episcopal Chuirh be- longs t(j the Blain charge, and the present brick church was built in 1848 The land was given by E. A. McLaughlin, who, ever since its inception, has been one of its chief supporters. The location is i)icturesque, and not more than two or three miles from the county line. Horse Valley Metliodisl Episcopal Church was den of this church were Elias Cook, Benjamin Scyoc, William Widneyand Jacob Seibert, well-known and respe(^ted citizens of the valhy. IScnjamin Scyoc donated the land on which the church stands, and in his honor it was named " Scyoc Chapel.'' The congregation is in a Hourishing PERRY COUNTY. 993 coiulitioii, and the church services are well at- tended.' np:w germantowx. Tins village was named after Gcrmantown, near Philadelphia, and was laid out, about 1820, by Solomon Sheibley, to whose farm the land was attached. The remainder of his farm, lying north of the town, is owned by Z. Will- hide. All of this land was located before 17(37 by Joseph McCiintock. As laid out by Mr. Sheibley, the laud was arranged in four S([uares, each square containing six lots. The main and cross-streets diverge at right angles, and are thirtv-three feet wide outside of the sidewalks. The lots have a street frontage of eighty feet, and are one hundred and fifty feet in depth. A twelve-foot alley extends back of each six lots, and the lots are numbered from one to twenty- four, beginning at the northeast corner. The following names of persons are assessed for lots iu New Germantown in 1820 : Valentine Brickley, two lots ; William Benier, William Benier, Jr., John Liby, Henry Mumper, John Shreffler, John Seager, Mathias Stump and Samuel ISIcConnel, each one lot ; and Jacob Kreamer, Jonathan Kuntz, William Stump and Jonathan Smith, each a house and lot. There were four houses assessed and thirteen lots. Of the ham- let in 1820 J. Kuntz was the shoemaker, John Liby the carpenter, J. Smith the hatter; and William and Mathias Stump the black- smiths. Jacob Kreamer's house and lot were valued at three hundred dollars. The average valuation, at that time, of a lot for the purposes of taxation was ten dollars. Kreamer also owned the mill southeast of the town. This mill is the second oldest in Toboyne, and is now owned by Mr. Snyder, who bought it from Kreamer. Its history is a part of the history of the town, and did nuich to bring about the location of the latter. In 1830 Jonathan Smith, David Wolf, Samuel Showers, James Ewing, Peter Showers, D. Koutz, Thomas B. Jacobs, Paul Kerr, Jonathan Koutz, John Kooken, 1 For the above facls thanks are due William D. Lacy, a respected member of the church and a son of one of the old families of the valley. The iufnrmaiion concerning the other Methodist Churches of the township was kindly furnished by Rev. J. F. Pennington, of Blain. 68 Ruth Ewing, Mrs. Lend and N. A. Elder were the owners of lots. On Mitchell's old map of Pennsylvania the village is called " Limestone Spring," after the large spring on George Kern's property, at the eastern end of the town. The leading facts here given were furnished to the NewBloomfield Historical Society, in 1881, by Wm. A. Morrison, Esq., who died in 1884. Mr. Morrison came to the town on Christmas day, 1830, when he was eighteen years old, to clerk in the store of James Ewing. He was appointed postmaster, a position he held for eleven years. He served as county auditor for three years, and was for thirty years justice of the peace. In 1830 there were two licensed taverns in the place — the " Old Stone Castle," which was then kept by a lame man named David Koutz, who left in 1831, and the other in the house now kept by Mrs. Emily Gray, but then occupied by Thomas B. Jacobs. He died in March, 1833, and Jlrs. Emily Gray purchased the hotel from Solomon Sheibley. She kept it as a licensed house until 1860, when she refused to take out a license, and it has been run ever since as a " temperance " house. The " Koutz " hotel ended its existence as a licensed house with the death of Mr. Koutz, and so remained until 1875, when license was granted to William A. Shields. Since then it has been kept by John Henry, John Sanderson, Jacob Ki-eamer and Samuel Kern. The last three years it has been run as a temperance house, so that to-day there is not a licensed hotel in the town or township. Noah A. Elder was running the tannery iu 1830, and John Kooken, Esq., was the justice of the peace. He was appointed justice on the 6th of September, 1822, by Governor Joseph Heister. The village, so far as public roads were concerned, was incorporated as a borough in 1844-47, when Hon. William B. Anderson was State Senator, but the citizens failing to at- tend to the roads, as was intended, the charter was taken away. A fire on the 3d of March, 1876, destroyed a store owned by Dr. F. A. Gutshall, and another owned by J. Morrison ct Son, and dwellings owned by Barbara Kreamer and Jane Morri- son's heirs. A fire in the fall of 1885 destroyed the store of J. E. Rumple, entailing consider- 994 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ble loss. Elias Snyder and John A. Rhea now have stores, the latter of whom is a jnstice of the peace. This village is properly the centre of the townshij), and is the western terminus of Rice's stage-line. It contains the only post-office in the township, and all the stores, except that of J. B. Swartz, on the south side of the Buck Ridge, near the school-house. The population of New Germantown in 1880 was one hundred and five, and of the township, seven luindred grandsons of John and Jane Johnston, and the sons of James Johnston. On his emigration from Ireland he purchased the farm in To- boyne township. Perry County, now the home of the widow of Alexander Johnston. James Johnston married, on the IGth of March, 1790, ISIargaret, daughter of William and Margaret Anderson, of Madison township, Perry County. Their children are William, born January 8, 1791 ; John, March 4, 1793, who represented his district for three years in the State Legisla- GEORGE JOHNSTON. and eighty-four. The great drawback to the citizens of this township is their distance from the railroad, it being twenty-eight miles from Newport, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and twenty-three from New Bloomfield. The pre- .sent school-house is a brick building. Dr. J. H. Bryner is the resident physician. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GEORGE AND ALEXANDER .lOHNSTdX. George and Alexander Johnston arc the ture; Jane, March 2, 1795 (Mrs. John Reed) ; Ann, August 7, 1797 (Mrs. John Campbell) ; James, April 24, LSOO; George, December 14, 1S02 ; Alexander, November 28, 1805 ; Eliza- beth, November 28, 1805 (Mi-s. Robert Black- burn). The death of Mr. Johnston occurred on the 24th of December, 1838, and that of his wife May 14, l.S2(i. Their son George was born on the homestead farm where he remained as an efficient aid to his father in his farming enterprises until his marriage. He, when a lad, became a pupil of the school taught by Jonas PEE.RY COUNTY. 995 Thatcher, in a school-house built of mud, in the neighborhood, and later daily walked to Ander- .sonburg, a distance of several miles, to pursue his studies. He was, in May, 1835, married to Miss Margaret, daughter of Alexander and Mary Russell, of Miami County, Ohio, born May 7, 1813. The children of this marriage are kSamuel A., born June 16, 183(3, married to Margaret S. Adams ; Margaret J., March 27, 1838, deceased ; Mary A., March 22, 1840, de- South Pennsylvania Railroad, then known as theDuucannon, Landisburgand Broad Top Rail- road, and afterwards a member of its board of directors. He was also a member of the com- mittee appointed to lay out the State road, ex- tending from Lewistown to Shippensburg. Mr. Johnston was first a Democrat in politics, but subsequently gave his supjjort to the Republican party, and was in early years an active worker in the party ranks. Aside from the office of ALEXANDER JOHNSTOX. ceased; Edward C, December 2, 1842; Leti- tia A., July 9, 1844 (Mrs. James Anderson), deceased ; and Alexander A., November 28, 1847, married tt) Araminta Alexander. Mr. Johnston, for a while, followed the business of a drover with success ; but later, desiring to de- vote his life to the labors of a flirmer, pur- chased the farm adjoining the homestead, now owned by his heirs, where he, until his death, gave his time and labor to the emi)loyments of an agriculturalist. ]\Ir. Johnston was enter- prising and public-spirited. He was one of the commissioners who secured the charter of tlie school director, he declined all official positions. In his religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and a member of the United Presbyterian Church of Concord, Franklin County, Pa. The death of Mr. Johnston occurred on the 26th of January, 1872, in his seventieth year. Alexander Johnston was born on the home- stead, where he resided during his lifetime. He was educated at the subscription schools of' the township, and until the death of his father as- sisted him in the cultivation of the land em- braced in the home-farm. Having inherited his portion of the property, he cultivated the 996 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. land jointly with his brother George until 1868, when he purchased the whole, becoming sole owner. From this date until his death he enjoyed the reputation of being a thrifty and successful farmer. Mr. .Jolniston was, on the loth of June, 1847, married to Letitia A., daughter of Alexander and Mary Russell, of Miami County, Ohio, born June 17, 1818, who still survives. The children of this marriage are Mary E., born August 15, 1848 (Mrs. Cal- vin Skinner), deceased ; James, May 28, 1850, married to Noi-a J. Elder ; A. Russell, Janu- ary 26, 1856, a practicing physician in New Bloomfield, married to Laura Willhide: Mag- gie J., September 29, 1859 (Mrs. John Stam- baugh). Mr. Johnston was thoroughly inter- ested in his own business pursuits, and gave little time or attention to matters apart from his daily occupations. He was educated in the principles of the Democracy, but later became a Republican. He accepted such official respon- sibilities as fell to his lot in the township, but cared little for office or its honors. He was connected by membership with the United Pres- byterian Church. The death of Alexander Johnston occurred February 21, 1864, in his fifty-ninth vear. CHAPTER IX. JACKSON TOWNSHIP.' Concerning the erection of this township out of territory largely separated from Toboyne the court records are brief. From them it aj)- pears that a petition was presented to the court by citizens of Toboyne at the JSTovember ses- sions, 1843, asking for the appointment of com- missioners to view and lay out a new township. No further record is found until the 8th of Au- gust, 1844, when two of the three viewers — W. B. Anderson, Esq., and Jacob Bernheisel — filed their report, which, on the same day, was con- firmed and the new township was named " Jack- son." The viewers reported the following bound- aries and they were adopted by the court : " BegHining at the county liiieon top of the Tuscaro- ra Mountain ; thence south 3U° east, nine miles one ' By J. R. Flickinger. hundred and twenty perches through mountain land of Peter Shively, John Baker, Daniel Kern, Jacob Kream- er, Peter Smith, John Long and others to theCumber- land County line ; thence along the said county line on the top of the Blue Mountain to the Madison township line; thence along said township line to the top of the Tuscarora Mountain and Juniata County line ; thence along said county line and on top of the Tuscarora Mountain to the place of beginning." This township is a iiighly-favored agricultural district. Its farmers are tlirifty and intelligent, and the strong limestone soil has amply repaid them for the careful cultivation given it. The beauty of the valley, lying around the village of Blain and extending eastward through Madison as far as Centre, cannot be described. The even crests of the Conecocheague on the north and west, and Bower's Mountain on the south, inclose as rich and prosperous a vale as can be found in the State. The improvements are in harmony with the lovely landscape, and well at- test the wealth and general refinement of the people. Professor E. W. Claypole, in his report of 1885 for the State Geological Survey, gives an excellent description of the topography of this section, — "All the water of the township reaches Sherman's Creek. Brown's Run, entering from Toboyne, comes in at Mount Pleasant. Houston's Run, draining the valley between Chestnut Hills and Bower's Moun- tain, passes through a gap in the former called Bea- vcrtown Narrows and reaches Sherman's Creek at Enslow's mill. Laurel Run, or Murray Run, drains the narrow valley at the south of the township and passes into Madison township." The population of Jackson in 1850 was eight hundred and eighty-five. The population of the township, including Blain borough, in 1880 was twelve hundred and seventy-four. As in other townships of the county, the majority oi the first settlers of [Madison were Scotch-Irish, but from that time to the present the German element has gradually increased until the Ger- mans now are a decided majority. From the time of erection of the township, in 1844, until LSSO, the elections were held in the old school-house on Church Hill. In that year it was changed to the present place. Early Settlk.ments. — This township was settled very early, a number of warrants hav- ino; been issued in 1755. The flict that so PERRY COUNTY. 997 many warrants were granted for land in these upper townships and in the county, on the very day the Land-Office was opened for that pur- pose, clearly proves that the entire territory had been examined, possibly years before, by jirospective settlers. The fact that it was on the line of travel leading to the western settle- ments on the Ohio would make it compara- tively well known to persons seeking locations. Tiie warrants or orders of survey of about fifty of the first settlers in this township will be given, and the present owners of the land be named, as nearly as can lie. James Woods, Esq., who lives in this township, as was said in the Toboyne and Madison sketch, furnished the names of the present owners. Ross and James Mitchell took up one hun- dred and seven and one hundred and five acres, respectively, on the 3d of February, 1755. These two tracts are now owned by George Trostel, David Smith, John Baylor and Mit- chell Dromgold. The Smith and Dromgoid jjortions of the above tracts were owned, for many years, by David Clark. Dr. William Hayes owned the George Trostel tract some years ago. Dromgold purchased from AViliiam B. Stambaug-h, and he from a Mi'. Wentz. The Robert Pollock and I>u(hvig Laird sur- veys, made on the 5th of March, 1755, anil 3d of February, 1755, respectively, and containing two hundred and twenty-four and thirty-three acres, are now owned by Daniel Wentz, Wil- liam Enslow and Robert A. Clark. Robert Pollock wa.s the grandfather of President Polk, which is, in fact, the same name, as M'ill become evident to any one pronouncing both names so as to sound every letter. The Enslow mill is on one of these tracts. Tlie first mill was built before 1778, in which year it was assessed in the name of James IMillcr. John Moreland, an uncle of David Moreland, of Blain, married Jane, a daugh- ter of James Miller, her portion being the mill and forty acres of land. In 1814 the property was owned by John Moreland. Some years later it was purchased liy Thomas Craig- head, Jr. In 1822 it was sold at sheriff's sale, and James McNeal, the grandfather of the pres- ent owner, William Enslow, became the owner. Samuel Enslow, the father of William, was born in Perry. William Enslow and Isabella Simmeson were the parents of Samuel Enslow and the grandparents of AViliiam, who now owns the jiroperty. Samuel Enslow came to this county from Juniata in 1835, milled for one year at the Tousey (Bixler's) mill, then took charge of the AVoods (now Stokes') mill, and, on the 9th of March, 1837, married Eliza, daughter of James McNeal. The McNeals lived in the neighborhood and came here in 1795. James McNeal was married to Alice Gregory and had eleven children. He died in 1838 and his wife in 1840. Samuel Enslow purchased the present property, and his chil- dren were Alice, Jane, James, Martha and AAniliam S. In 1843 Eliza, the first wife of Samuel Enslow, died, and in 1844 he mar- ried Maria McNeal, a sister of his former wife. Of Samuel Enslow's children, Alice married Major A. AA^. Sterrett, of Cumberland, but died in 1872. In 1874 her sister Jane became the wife of Major Sterrett, and is now a widow living in that county. James enlisted in the Forty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania A-'^olun- teers in 1861, and died at Camp Griffin in 1862. Martha married D. P. Elder and lives in the AVest. AViliiam S. married Adaline, daughter of Hon. George Stroup, of this town- ship. Samuel En.slow died in November, 1885, aged seventy- six. The mill property has been in the possession of the present owner, AViliiam S. Enslow, since 1869, but the mill, which was the second on this property, was burned by the incendiary's torch about three years ago and has not yet been rebuilt, although such is the intention dur- ing the present year (1886). Adjoining the tracts described, AViliiam Cron- cleton, on the I7th of March, 1755, took up one hundred and forty-five acres, which land is also owned by Enslow and Clark, the latter having purchased from Stinson and John Adams. Among the earliest .settlers in the township were James, AViliiam, Alexander and Ephraim Blain, but there is now no knowledge of their relationship. James Blain took up a large tract of the best land and evidently ranked as a wealthy man. All that portion of the 998 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. borough lying east of the Main Street was a part of his land ; also both of the farms of Samuel Woods, and the Stokes mill property and some of ex-Sheriff James Woods' land. On the 20th of August, 1765, he took up two tracts, oue of four hundred and seven acres and another of one hundred and seventy-three acres. The Samuel Woods mansion farm was pur- chased by his father, Francis Wayne Woods, from John and David L. Moreland, on the 5th of April, 1838, who had inherited it from their father. Captain David Moreland, whe had pur- chased it from James L. Blain, a son of James, on the 20th of April, 1815. On the 11th of August, 1792, James Blain had bequeathed this land to his son, James L. In 1778 James Blain M'as assessed for a grist-mill, a still and a negro. He was first lieutenant in Captain William Blain's company of the Cumberland County militia in 1777. But little is known of his family, and tlie few facts gathered are so indefinite that we cannot decide whether they belong to the family of James or the other Blain families of the township. A James Blain of this locality married a daughter of General William Lewis, an iron-master of Berks County, and, in connection with his father-in- law, built Hope Furnace, in ^Mifflin County, in 1797. In 1804 they built Mount Vernon Forge, in this county, and as lately as 1817 Blain, A\^alker & Co. operated it. Dr. Samuel Mealy, formerly a physician of Millerstown, was married to Margaret Blain, of Jackson. She is supposed to have been a daughter of James Blain. She died on the 13th of Novem- ber, 17(37, aged seventy-eight years, in Brigh- ton, Iowa. William Anderson, one of the first associate judges of the county, and father of Hon. A. B. Anderson, whose widow yet owns the Anderson homestead, was married to Isa- bella Blain. If she was a daughter of James Blain, then A. B. Grosh, of New Bloomfield, and the Anderson heirs, of Andersonhurg, are some of his descendants. This family of Blaius was a collateral branch of the same family from which Hon. James G. Blaine is descended. Captain David IMoreland, who purchased this land from the Blains, M'as an historic per- sonage, having acquired his military title in the War of 1812, when he commanded a company. In 1814 he is assessed with a grist-mill and his occupation as a merchant. In 1815 he bought from Blain the farm now owned by Samuel Woods; in 1820 he was assessed M'ith three hundred and ninety-five acres, valued at seven thousand nine hundred dollars; a grist-mill, valued at two thousand five hundred dollars ; and for his occupation as a merchant, at three hundred dollars. He was born in 1771 and was of Irish extraction ; he died October 25, 1821, and is buried in the Blain Presbyterian grave-yard. His wife was Elisabeth, the daughter of John Lemon, who owned what is now the Abram Hostetter farm, in Jackson. His children were Diana, Sarah, John, David, Lemon, James, Mary and Alexander. Diana married Dr. Gift, and died in Missouri. Sarah married Anthony Black, a sou of George and Margaret Black, and after the death of her husband, in 1841, she moved to Landisburg, where she died. John married Mary Hetrick, of Cumberland, and lived on the Samuel Woods farm, which he and his brother owned; he moved to Iowa, and died there about 1873. David married Sarah C. Hollingshead, of Phil- adclj)hia, in 1833, whose brother, Joseph Hol- lingshead, was the manager of the Oak Grove Furnace. David Moreland is yet living at Blain, but his wife died two vears ago. His two sons, William and James, are engaged in the tinware and stove business in the village, and his daughter Mary is the wife of E. B. Lesh, a merchant of Americus, Kansas. Lemon married Margaret, the daughter of a Mr. Don- nally, who lived in New Germantown. He lived at Beavertown, Ickesburg, Sterrett's Gap, and finally moved to Iowa, where he is yet living. James married a lady of Cumberland County, then moved to Iowa and is yet living. Mary married Rev. George Porter, who was a former pastor of the Blain l^resbyterian Church. They also lived for a time in IMillers- towu, then moved to Iowa, where her husband died. She is yet living in Tipton, in that State. Alexander went to Jackson, Mo., when a young man, where he married a wealthy lady of strong Southern proclivities. He M'as a mei- chant, but when the late war broke out was a PERRY COUNTY. 999 supporter of the Confederacy and enlisted ; he was ])romoted and when Lee invaded Penusyl- vaaia, in 1863, he was along as a commissioned officer. He died since the war at his home in Missom'i. The history of the Stokes mill is not clear ; in 1778 James Biain was assessed with a grist- mill, and the natural inference is that he built this mill, which is on the land taken up by him. In 1814 David Moreiand is assessed with a grist-mill. This is the mill he owned, and from that date to the present its history can be traced. The contemporary history of the neigh- borhood attributes its erection to A\'^illiam Douglass, and it is so stated in Mv. Wright's history of the county. If such is the case, where was the grist-mill situated for which James Blain was assessed in 1778? William Doufflass owned the mill before Moreiand and may have purchased it from Blain. He was a prominent citizen of the township and was the first postmaster in the vicinity, the office being called " Douglass' Mill." Douglass also owned the "McNeal farm," now owned by Samuel Woods. The mill and the farm have been owned by the same parties, viz : Blain, Doug- lass, Moreiand and Black. The farm then passed into the hands of James McXeal, who conducted for years the large tannery that was at the north end of the village. Sam- uel Woods bought this farm when it was sold four or five years ago. He is a brother of William Woods, who lives on the western edge of the town, and a son of F. W. Woods, who died some years ago. The mill is now owned by Isaac Stokes, who has entirely rebuilt it and furnished it with improved machinery. William Blain, who lived on the Solomon Bower farm, was contemporary with James. They were officers in the same militia company of 1777, William being the captain and James the first lieutenant. In 1778 he was assessed with a still. In connection with James he war- rants, on the 8th of June, 1792, "two hundred and fifty acres adjoining Samuel Lyons, Jr., George Carscadden and Conecocheague Mt." This land is owned by Solomon Gray, Henry Trostel and Joshua B. Comp, in Madison. WilliamBlain died during the winter of 1792— 93, as is shown by a warrant granted on the 1 6th of April, 1793, to Allen Nesbitt, in which "the heirs of William Blain, dec'd," are named as joiners. Ephraim Blain took up one hundred and nine- teen acres on the 20th of June, 1763, which land is now owned by George W. Garber and others. Alexander Blain located one hundred and thirty-one acres in Madison in 1766, which now belongs to John Garber. The farm, or part of it, owned by William Kline he located on the 7th of February, 1793. Alexander Blain was a neio-hbor of William Anderson. Adjoining James Blain's land, and including that part of the village west of Main Street, as well as portions of the farms of William Woods, Daniel and Simon Smith, George W. Garber and Isaac Stokes, was a tract warranted on the 3d of June, 1762, by Abraham Mitchell, con- taining two hundred and forty-four acres, and the central part is oM'ned by George W. Garber, who is a cousin of Judge Garber, of Madison, and both are grandsons of John and Barbara Garber, who came into the township in 1806, and bought the farm owned by George W., lying about a mile east of Blain. John Garber pur- chased from Thomas Robison. His children were George, John, Daniel, Joseph, Elizabeth, Mary and Susan. George married a daughter of Philip Stambaugh, and the present George W. is one of their children. Judge Joseph B. Garber is a son of Daniel by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Abram Jiowcr. He lived on the farm owned by John Hench's heirs, in Madison, which he purchased from his father- in-law. John Garber is yet living on a farm on the Blain and Sandy Hill road. The relationship of this family is very large, and most of them are farmers. The farm on which William Woods lives was purchased by him from Isaac Buttorf, the latter buying from William Bowers, the father of David Bowers, of Xew Bloomfield, and he from the Rinesmith brothers, and they from Jacob Kramer. George W. Garber's fiirm, lying just south of Woods', was owned formerly by James Adams. The northwest part of Blain is on land war- 1000 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ranted by James Morrison on the 9th of Sep- tember, 1766, the tract containing one hundred and ninety-four acres. WiUiamHall, Esq., owns the homestead and a large portion of the land. Plenry Rinesmith, Daniel and Simon Smith also own a part of the Morrison land. Morrison died about 1827. Arnold Faughs, of Toboyne, owned the property for a time; then it was owned for years by Captain Gutshall, wlio sold and went to the West. William Hall has owned it for about ten years. He was for several years the manager of the Andersonburg Orphan School. He is a son of Daniel Hall and a broth- er of Benjamin Hall, of Carroll, and of Mrs. Jacob Flickiuger, Mrs. Isaac Hollenbaugh and Mrs. Joseph Walker, all of the county. The William ^\'oods farm, on which his son George lives, was taken up by Alexander Mcjr- row (Murray) on the ilth of September, 1766, who died on this farm early in the present cen- tury. His sous sold it to Bailey Long and then went West. In 1814 Long is assessed with a grist-mill, but in 1820 Joseph Woods, a brother, of Wayne, and an uncle of the present owner, owned the farm. His heirs sold to William Woods, who has greatly improved it. William Woods is married to a daughter of Geory-e M. Loy, of Madison township. Edward Book, Jacob Seager and Solomon Gutshall own the land taken up in 1766 by Robert Murray. The Book farui was owned for many years by Andrew Trostel. Murray, like so many of the old settlers, sold his farm and sought a newJioine in the Mississippi Val- ley. Edward Book is a minister in the German Baptist Church. On tliel4th of August, 1766, Josej)h Huston warranted two hundred and fifty-four acres, now owned by Henry Wentz, David Gutshall, David Book and Bernard Roth's heirs. James Adams, by order of survey No. 1173, on the 9th of September, 1766, took up " one hundred and sixty-eight acres, includ- ing improvements, adjoining lands of Anthony Morrison and Alexander Murray." Solomon Bower, John Stambaugh's heirs, Mitchell Drom- gold and AVilliam Woods are the present owners of this land. Solomon ]5ower bought his iarm from his fatiier, Solomon Bower, Sr., and he, probably, from the Adams heirs. The present owner was, some years ago,a county commissioner. He is a brother of William Bower, who died in Blain in the fall of 1885, and of Mrs. William Zimmerman, of Madison, and Mrs. George Shu- man, of Landisburg, who also died some mouths ago. The Bower family is widely connected and well-known. William Huston, on the 25th of June, 1769, took up a tract, which is now owned by the above-named owners of the Joseph Huston tract. John Montgomery, on the 20th of June, 1763, warranted " two hundred acres adjoining John Mitchell, Anthony Morrison, James Blain and Alexander IMurray, on a small branch of Sher- man's Creek." John Shu man, David Boyd and George Bistli ne own a tract of one hundred and eighty-two acres taken up on the 28th of April, 1767, by William Forrest, John AVilt, AVilliam Hartmau and George Bistline, the William Nesbitt tract of two hundred and seventy-four acres taken up on the 23d of February, 1767; and John Shu- man the John Xesbitt tract of one hundred acres in 1767; Thomas Bradfield and Daniel Leiby the tract of one hundred and thirty-seven acres taken up by Andrew Moore in 1767. The John Watt tract of one hundred and sixty-two acres, warranted on the 29th of July, 1762, is owned by George W. Briner and Solo- mon Bistline. John Whiting and Adam Boal located one hundred and seventy-nine acres on the 8th of June, 1759, which land is now owned by Daniel Gutshall's heirs. Tliis land has been in tiie pos- session of the Gutshalls for many years, Daniel having purchased it from his father. Peter Grove took up three ditferent tracts, — on the 29th of July, 1762, two hundred acres, now owned by Geoi'ge Holtz and John Tressler ; the 30th of May, 1763, two iiundred acres, ad- joining John Ray and Archibald Ross, now owned by William AA^oods, and known as the " Cless and Kreiiler " property ; and September 1, 1768, one hundred and eighty-six acres, "on Siicrman's Creek and Brown's Run." Holtz and Tressler purciiaseurg, and INIrs. Andrew Loy are children of Andrew. Annie married John Diven, who wa?* the father of Jas. L. Diven, of Landisburg. She died in 1838. Polly married Samuel Anderson, of Landisburg. Rev. Juo. Linn died of typhus; fever, caused by a cold contracted while return- ing from church. He was a farmer in addition to being a minister, and owned at his death large tracts of land. He had three sons, — Daniel, William and Andrew. Andrew Loy now owns the lower farm of Rev. Linn. Hugh Alexander warranted three hundred and forty-four acres on the 3d of Feb- ruary, 1755, now the Bixler mill tract and a large portion of the farm owned by John Flick- inger's heirs. Alexander's tract was surveyed by George Armstrong in 1755. It is somewhat uncertain whether he came to Perry to live before 1757, although there is a tradition that his oldest child, ^largaret, was born in Sherman's Valley in 1754, "and that in her childhood her parents fled several times from Sherman's Valley back to their old home, ou the ' eastern shore of Maryland,' from Indian raids and re- turned to find their habitation burned." In 1752 he married Martha Edmiston, daughter of David Edmiston, of Cecil County, Md. This is no doubt the same David Edmiston who took out an order of survey, No. 1990, on the 27th of November, 1766, for three hundred acres adjoining Hugh Alexander, and which is now owned by John Flickinger's heirs, John Bernheisel and others. David Edmiston died Xoveml)er 2, 1771, and never lived on this tract. About 1758 Hugh Alexander estab- lished himself permanently ou his tract. He was a man of energy and intelligence, and was a member of the Provincial Conference, com- posed of delegates from the different counties of Pennsylvania, which assembled in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, on the 18th of June, 1776. He was the representative of Cumberland County in the convention which met in the same hall on the 15th of July, 1776, and framed the first Constitution of Pennsylvania. He was also a member of the first Legislature, called in pursuance of this Constitution, which met in Carpenter's Hall on the 28th of Novem- ber, 1776. He died in Philadelpliia while a member of this Assembly, in March, 1777, and was buried there. " He was a tall, strong, dark-haired man and had no fear about him." ■• That he was a man of ability is evident from his being selected as a representative from Cumber- land County in those early Assemblies. The honor of his work justly belongs to Madison township, Perry County, of which he was one of the earliest settlers. His children by his first wife, Martha Edmiston, were Margaret, John, Mary, David and Hugh. By a second mar- riage to Mrs. Lettice Thompson, about 1773, lie had a sou James and twins, William and Emily. Margaret Alexander was born in 1754, and married, in 1772, John Hamilton, who may have been the same John Hamilton in whose name a large portion of Dr. S. M. Tudor's land and the adjoining farm of the heirs of Henry Kepner was warranted. On the death of Hugh Alexander, in 1 777, his land was appraised, " in pursuance of an order of the Orphans' Court, at and for the sum of seven hundred and eiy-ht pounds, eleven shillings and nine pence beyond the costs and expenses of valuation," and the jther heirs relinquishing their right of taking the same, " John Hamilton intermarried with Margaret Alexander, one of the children of said intestate, and accepted and received in the said Orphans' Court the said real estate." Hamilton held this projjerty subject to the widow's dower until his death, in Harrisburg, in 1793, Ijut only lived on it for a few years. For further account of John Hamilton, see sketch in Walker township, Jimiata County. Mrs. Margaret A. Hamilton, a " haud.some and wealthy widow thirty-five years of age, with six minor children," in two years after the death of her first husband, John Hamilton, married Andrew jMitchell, by whom she had two children. Her second husband dying, she was again left a widow, and so remained until her death at " Fermanagh," on the Juniata, December 22, 1835, just eighty-one years from her birth in Madison in 1753. She is buried in the Presby- terian church-yard at Mifflintown, Juniata County. Most of her descendants are in Har- 1016 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ri.sburg or the Juniata Valley, her daughters interinarrving with John Kean, James Alricks, Moses McClean, Jacob Spangler ami Dr. Thom- as Whiteside. Her son, John Hamilton, Jr., lived as a farmer in " Fermanagh" until his death, in 1S51 ; Hugh Hamilton was editor, fii-st of the Harrisburg Tinier in 1808, and, in 1812, of the Chronicle ; he died in that city in 1836. John Alexander, the son of Hugh, was born in 1756, and spent his youth on the old farm in Madison. In 1776 he was in the Con- tinental army, and was a participant in the cap- ture of the Hessians at Trenton in that year. About 1780 he married Margai-et, a daughter of Thomas Clark, and a neighbor living on the Robert A. Clark farm of to-day. In 1787 he moved with his wife and three children to a tract of a thousand acres, in Little Valley, Mif- flin County. He died there in 1816, and his wife in 18.'54. Their descendants are yet in tliat valley. Mary Alexan<]cr, third child of Hugh, was Ixirn in 1762, and married Robert Clark, who came to Sherman's Valley from Carlisle as a volunteer to defend the settlers from the In- dians, and .seeing the " fine water, timber and soil of the valley," he settled on land taken up by his father, Thomas Clark, in 1766, which lands still remain in the possession of his de- scendants. Robert Clark died August 24, 1849, and his wife, Mary Alexander Clark, on the lath of October, 1838. He was the grandtiitlier of Robert A. Clark, who lives on the old home- stead. David, the son of Hugh Alexander, was born on the old homestead about 1760, and moved to Tioga County, where he married Mar- garet Miller, and in 1810 removed to Illinois. Hugh, probably the youngest son of Hugh Al- exander by his tirst wife, was born in Madison on the 6th of Augu,st, 1765, and died in Juni- ata County on the 5th of January, 1835. In 1788 he married Jemima Patterson, of Perry County, and then moved to Tuscarora Valley, where he established himself as a prosperous farmer. He was one of the founders of Tusca- rora Academy. James Alexander was born in Madison in 1 774, and went with his mother to McKeesport. In 1799 he married Jane Sanders, oi' Sherman's Valley, and had eight children. He died in March, 1826. William Alexander and his twin sister, Emily, were born in Madison on the 25th of December, 1777. Early in life he moved to Centre County, where he married Elizabeth Hutchinson. He was sheriff of Centre County in 1818. He died in Clearfield on the 25th of September, 1867, aged eighty-nine years. .lacob Bixler tore down the old Alexander house in 1840. It was a two-story log house, with three apartments on the first floor and the same num- ber above. The " corner-stone " of the old house, now lying as a relic in the " mill-room," has the initials "H.M.A." neatly carved upon it, and between the " H " and " M," which are on a line, is the date 1766, and just above the figures is placed the letter " A," which, of course, means that the house was erected by " Hugh and Martha Alexander in the year 1766." This proves that his first wife, Martha Edmiston, was yet living in that year. On the 20th of October, 1801, this land was transferred to Hugh Ham- ilton, a son of John Hamilton and Margaret Alexander, but the tract was now augmented by the addition of the John Hamilton survey of four hundred acres, which adjoined ; conse- quently Hugh Hamilton had now an estate of over six hundred acres, which he called " Ham- iltonia." On the 7th of March, 1812, Zalmon and Azariah Tousey, brothers, bought this lai'ge tract, and at once began the erection of the mill, but did not complete it until 1814. In 1807 Hugh Hamilton had the tract surveyed, and it then contained six hundred and fifty-two acres. The Tousey brothers built the fulling-mill sometime before 1820, and they are said to have brought the first "earding-machines " into the county. Azariah Tousey died in 1816, and Zalmon about 1822. On November 17, 1825, "the Tousey grist and fulling-mill, carding- machine house, with three earding-machines,'' were for rent. On Aj)ril .">, 1826, "the Touseys' mills, first-rate stone merchant mill, two water- wheels and three paii's of stones, a saw-mill, stone still-house, fulling-mill and carding-mill, and never-failing: stream " were advertised foi' sale. On January 5, 1836, Jacob Kixler and .K PERRY COUNTY. 1017 nickino:er bought from Alexander McClure, administrator of Azariah Toiisey, and Jacob Evinger, administrator of Zalmon Tousey, this property, and in a few years they divided it, Jacob Bixler taking the mill and about ninety acres of land, and John Flickinger the remain- der, three hundred and fifty acres of which his heirs own to-day. In 1846 Jacob Bixler re- built the eastern end of the mill from the foun- dation, and iu 1870 remodeled the interior and put into it two "turbine" water-wheels, the first in the county. He also built the present large woolen-factory in 1853. It contains modern machinery, having an engine and "tur- bine" wheel as its motive-power. John Hamilton took up, June 3, 1762, the land now owned by Dr. S. M. Tudor and Henry Kepuer's heirs. Also May 7, 1787, one hundred acres. The Mary Kennedy survey, December 4, 1766, is included in the land now owned by William H. Culbertsou, William Saylor and Alfred Kuhn. The John Mitchell tract was warranted January 28, 1763. James Dixon first located on it, but being driven out by the Indians, he never re- turned, but took up instead the AVilliam Neil- son tract in Centre township. It is now owned by Noble Meredith, but was owned for many years by Eobert Hackett, father of James B. Hackett, Esq., of New Bloomfield, whose accurate knowledge of these early ti-aets has enabled the writer to give these facts. The Mitchell tract is celebrated for its Indian traditions: onebeius that three Indians are buried on it, their graves even yet being pointed out ; another, that an Indian scpiaw, to whose care money had been comniitted by her red brethren — gold that had been paid them by the French for English scalps — had buried it in a kettle on some part of this farm, not being able to carry it with her when leaving the country. The "Barrens" tract was taken up February 6, 1804, by Robert Laughlin, John Urie, Ross Cunningham and Robert Hackett ; now owned by Conrad Hench, Jacob Burd and John and Fannie Minich. Isaac Wynn warranted, Octo- ber 16, 1773, two hundred and twenty-five acres, uow owned by Andrew Loy and William H. Culbertson. It was long owned by Colonel John Urie, who was the grandfather of William Culbertson. In Colonel Urie's time the large spring on the farm was dammed ujJ and used as a trout spring, and the large and tame trout it contained were the wonder of the neighbor- hood. Abraham Lachta, on June 24, 1773, located one hundred and ninety-two aci'es, which James Woods, Esq., says is now owned by David Kist- ler, Esq., John Martin and others. He also patented, on May 6, 1775, the tract now owned by John Bixler. This patent quaintly states that it was granted " iu the 15th year of the reign of King; George the Third." This land was owned for many years by Samuel Ickes, who left it to his daughter Mary, intermarried with Samuel Milligan. Directly north of the last-mentioued tract, and on the farm now owned by George McMillen, stands the cele- brated Logan house, which was the residence of Alexander Logan, one of the historic figures of Sherman's Valley. His survey was made on February 3, 1755, and was for five hundred and forty-nine acres. Adjoining this tract, on February 23, 1763, "John Logan, son of Alex- ander Logan," took up one hundred and fifty acres. These tracts are now owned by the Mc- Millens, Michael Ickes and John Milligan's heirs. The old Logan house is standing to the rear of Geo. McMillen's attractive and comfort- able farm-house. It is built somewhat after the jjlan of a block-house, for which purpose it was several times used. The logs are large and hewed on both sides, some of them being twenty-two inches in width, and are dovetailed at the ends, making it very strong. This is the house to which Robert Robison says, in his nar- rative, that Captain Dunning and his party came, when they were seeking the Indians after the fight a few miles below on Buffalo Creek, and which was referred to in the Robison sketch. He says : " Then a party of men came with Captain Dunning; but before they came to Alexander Logan's, his sou John, Charles Coyle, William Hamilton, with Bartholomew Davis, followed the Indians to George McCord's, where they were in the barn ; Logan and those with him were all killed, except Davis, who made 1018 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. his escape. The Indians then returned to Lo- gan's house again, where Captain Dunning and his party came on them, and they fired some time at each other; Dunning had one man wounded." This was during the memorable harvest of 1763. After the death of John Logjan the three surviving sons of Alexander Logan — George, Anthony and William — divided the laud into three farms of one hundred and fifty-five acres. They owned this land until 1786, when the middle farm was bought by George McMillen, who came to Perry from Paxton township, Ijan- caster (now Dauphin) County, but was origin- ally from Ireland. He was the grandfather of the present owners of the land, for which he paid four hundred and ninety pounds. His wife was Susan Crane, also of Scotch or Irish origin. Their children were James, Hugh, William, George, Susan, Nancy and Jennie. All the sons went West, except James, who bought the farm. George and Alexander, who now own this farm, are sons of James McMil- len, whose daughters, Mary, Jane and Susan, married a Mr. Read, William Irvine and Par- kinson Hench, respectively. Mrs. Read lives in Rock Island, 111.; Mrs. William Irvine in Saville township ; and Mrs. Parkinson Hench in Landisburg. Alexander McMillen is un- married, and lives with his brother George. The three daughters of George McMillen, Sr. — Susan, Nancy and Jennie — have been dead for many years. Susan married a Mr. Irvine ; Nancy, a Mr. Robinson ; and Jennie married George Black, of Jackson. They all lived in the county. The McMillen family now own most of the Logan land, and it is highly cultivated and im- proved. A portion of the farm owned by Michael Ickes belonged to the Logan tracts. This productive farm, with its large and com- fortable farm buildings, Michael Ickes bought from his father, Samuel Ickes, a brother of Dr. Jonas Ickes, formerly of New Bloomfield. Drs. Samuel and William Ickes, of Millerstown and York, respectively, are sons of Michael Ickes. Adjoining Alex. Logan's tract on the west, Wm. Townsley warranted, on the 8th of Sep- tember, 1755, "one hundred acres," now owned by Robert IVIilligan's heirs and Henry Shu- maker, and lies along the south base of the Con- ecocheague Mountain. Robert Milligan was a brother of Captain John Milligan, and was born on the old Milligan farm, now owned by the heirs of his brother John. Henry Shumaker was a county commissioner for three years, and is an esteemed citizen of the township. Roger Clark, whose land joined the Townsley tract, took up, on the 26th of August, 1766, two hun- dred and fifty-one acres, now owned by Jacob Metz and Robert Trego. Northeast of the Logan tract, John ]\IcEl- heny surveyed seventy-three acres on the 31st of August, 1767 ; now owned by John Milli- gan's heirs and Samuel Rice. The property on which John Milligan's heirs live is the old homestead of the Milligan family. The pater- nal ancestor of this family settled on this farm about 1770. He was of Irish ancestry and had a family. His son John owned, for a time, the Samuel Rice farm ; then sold it to Samuel Shu- maker, who afterwards sold it to Rice. John Milligan afterwards bought the George Ickes farm, near the Mountain Home school-house, in Saville, where he died. He left three chil- dren— two sons and a daughter. His sou Will- iam, after living a few years in Saville, first moved to Centre County, then to Illinois. His son Samuel went West, and his daughter Sarah married William Irvine, of Saville, who was the mother of James Irvine. Thomas Milligan, another son of the founder of the family, married Ann Irvine. He was born in 1781, lived on the old place, in Madi- son, where he died on the 27th of December, 1837. His children were Samuel, James, John, Elizabeth, Sarah, Ann, Robert, Martha, Jane and Caroline. Samuel married ISIary, a daughter of Samuel Ickes, and started a store at Sandy Hill, where he died in 1858. His children are all dead except John, who lives in Harri.sburg. James married Eleanor, daughter of John Linn, of Saville. He kept store in Ickesburg for many years, where he died about sixteen years ago. Thomas H. Milligan, of Newport, and Rev. J. Linn, of Allegheny, are his sons. The latter was appointed by President Arthur PERRY COUxNfTY. 1019 to represent our government at the Interna- tional Prison Congress in Stockholm. John married ]\Iary Buttorf. He died in 1883. Elizabeth died unmarried in Ickesburg. Sarah married James McCord, of Carroll, and moved to Missouri, where she is yet living. Ann is the wife of Samuel Liggett, of Saville. Robei-t first married Sarah Buttorf, and, after her death, Beckie Hench. He died in 1882, a citizen of the township of his birth. Martha was the wife of Wilson McKee, of New Bloomfield, where she died about ten years ago. Jane married Samuel McCord, of Car- roll, where she died. Caroline is the wife of Wm. Rice, of New Bloomfield, and the mother of Rev. Harris G. Rice, of Jefferson, Iowa, and T. Ward Rice, of Pueblo, Col. A near neighbor of the Milligan family was David Coyle, who lived on the Benja- min Rice farm, and brought up a family of twelve children. This family, except Ann, who married James Clark, have no descendants in the county. The Coyles of Philadelphia, Carlisle and Newville are of this family. George Welch, on November 28, 1768, took up one hundred and twenty-four acres, now owned by Joseph, Elizabeth and Sarah Briner, and H. Shumaker, and is on the south side of the Conecocheague, and where the " Traders' Path" and- the present road cross the mountain into Liberty Valley. Crossing the Conecocheague into Liberty Valley and following the westward path of the early settlers, we reach the old Theodore Mem- inger farm.^ ' This tract is historic, for the reason that it is men- tioned by John Harris in 1754, when giving the distances from his ferry (Harrisburg) to Logstown, on the Ohio. It was then known as "Thomas Mitchell's Sleeping Place." The evidence for locating it on this tract is conclusive, notwithstanding the tradition that it was at a place called " Mitchell's Cabins," in Juniata County. Harris, in giving his distances westward from Hanisburg, says it is five miles from his ferry to George Crogan's, and from thence to the Kittatinny Mountains nine miles; from that point to George Cowen's house six miles; from there to Andrew Montoui-'s, five miles, and from Andrew Montour's to the Tuscarora Hill nine miles, and from the hill to "Thomas Mitchell's Sleeping Place," three miles. Andrew Mon- tour lived on the Waggoner tract, a half mile west of Lan- disburg, and from that point to the Conecocheague the distance would be about nine miles. The only disputed Other warrants and orders of survey, taken out for land in this valley, were by Robert Potts for three hundred acres, on September 28, 1767; John Potts, for three hundred and eight acres, on June 15, 1767; James Toy (of Phila- delphia County), three hundred acres, on No- vember 22, 1774. This land is now owned by George F. Mohler and sons, Andrew Hartman and Daniel Sower's heirs. Hugh Smith now owns the Robert Dunbar tract of sixty-five acres located on February 2, 1767; William Kuhn, the Archibald Kiucaid tract, and An- drew Hartman the William Hamilton tract. In 1774 Lancelot Harrison warranted three hundred acres at the " foot of the Tuscarora." Other settlers in the valley were Jno. Kennedy, Robert Sample, Samuel Davis and Thomas Ker- scadden, but most of these were in 1794. Joseph Kell, G. W. Hench and Samtiel Hench own the James and Alexander Watt's tracts, both taken up on the 27th of August, 1766, and together containing six hundred acres. The Samuel Hench mills are on this land. In this valley, on the James Toy tract, is the large steam tannery of George F. Mohler & Son, built in 1847 by William L. Beale and Samuel Milligan. It was burned on the 17th of May, 1849, but rebuilt in July of the same year. In 1858 Beale & Van Swearingeu bought the property and owned it until 1865, when thev sold to HoUenbaugh & Lurtz, which firm ad- mitted Samuel Brickley as a partner in the fall point is the inference that the Conecocheague was known as the Tuscarora Hill. The evidence, however, for locating " Mitchell's" on the Meminger tract is a matter of record, and can be found in a "Deed Poll" made by Theodore Meminger to Theodore Meminger, Jr., his adopted son, and recorded in Vol. I., Deed Book A, in the register's office at New Bloomfield. This deed was executed in 1811. In addition to this direct testimony, on the 29th of April, 1791, William Martin warranted "fifty acres bounded on the south by the Conecocheague Hill, on the north by a run thai, empties into Buffalo creek on the road leading to 'Mitchell's Sleeping Place,' in Toboyne township." This last tract is now owned by Samuel Hench, and is east of the Meminger tract. The origin of the name, " Mitchell's Sleeping Place,'' is shrouded in mystery, the usual expla- nation being that a certain Thomas Mitchell, who was an Indian trader in 1748, had a cabin for the entertainment and lodging of traders. 1020 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of 1867. Ten months later, in 1868, the prop- erty was sold by the sheriff to Beale & Swearin- gen, which firm owned it until January, 1870, when George Cook bought it and formed a part- nership soon afterwards with George Mohler and James Emory. On the 3d of February, 1875, George Mohler & Son bought the prop- erty and own it to-day. Returning to the south side of the Coneco- cheague and bordering the Logan tract on the southwest, Jacob Grove warranted, on the 10th of June, 1762, two hundred and sixty-six acres, which land is now owned by David Kistler, Esq., George I. Rice and Henry Kepner's heirs. The old Grove homestead was near the present residence of George I. Rice, and as early as 1778 he had erected upon this land a grist-mill and two stills. This was the second oldest mill in the upper townships and is found in all the assessments up until 1820, when it was likely abandoned. In 1814 it was assessed in the name of Abram Grove, whose wife was a sister of Casper Lupfer, of New Bloomfield. He had two sons — Jacob and David — the latter owning the farm recently purchased by L. R. McMillen from Henry Kepner's heirs. It was a part of the Logan tract and was owned for many years by the father of Hon. Martin and Rev. Daniel Motzer, who were born here. In 1831 Daniel Motzer advertised "a tract of one hundred and forty-two acres in Saville, about thirty-five cleared, a log dwelling-house, log barn and a still-house. This property is situated in a good settlement and in the vicinity of Tousey's merchant mill. Peter Otto lives on the premises and it joins Henry Kline and others." West of the above tract James Vardell lo- cated on the 31st of March, 1767, one hundred and eighty-seven acres. This land is probably included in the land now owned by Jerry Ba- ker, Andrew Adair's heirs and Daniel Ernest's heirs. In 1778 William McCord was assessed with a tan-yard. In 1814 Samuel McCord was as- sessed with a tan-yard. The McCords' war- rants are 17th of May, 1785, one hundred acres ; 5th of September, 1786, fifty acres ; 1 792, fiftv acres; 1794, one hundred acres. These tracts are now owned by A. B. Grosh, Thomas Martin, Martin INIotzer, John Ernest and others. George McCord is mentioned as living in the neighborhood of Logan's in 1763, by Robert Robisou, who says that " John Logan, Charles Coyle, William Hamilton, with Bartholomew Davis, followed the Indians to George McCord's, where they were in the barn ; Logan and those with him were all killed except Davis, Avho made his escape." George McCord probably lived over the ridge from William McCord's and in the neighborhood of Daniel Ernest's. John Brubaker located near McCord's one hundred and sixty-six acres, November 25, 1789, some of which land is in the Delancey tract. The land on which the Pine Grove Saw-Mill stands was taken up by Henry Lewis in 1 774. Benjamin Cheeseman and Philip Reisinger own a tract of one hundred and twenty-two acres, taken up by Jacob Graff on the 23d of November, 1773. Samuel Lyons, Jr., warranted, on the 29th of January, 1774, one hundred and sixty acres, which is divided among William Hess, William Hollenbaugh, Emanuel Garber and Samuel Hollenbaugh. One of earliest settlers and most extensive land-owners in the township was William An- derson, whose descendants are yet living on the well-knoM'n Anderson farm at Andersonburg. This family has always been prominent in the history of the county, each generation having its representative among its civil officers. Wil- liam Andei'son came from Scotland and took np the land now owned by A. K. Dobbs, Jonathan Seager, Philip Reisinger and others. The first warrant found was for fifty acres, and dated 12th of September, 1766, and on the 6th of May, 1767, "one hundred acres, which inclu- ded his improvements, adjoining the Limestone Ridge on thesouth,and Conecocheaguei\[ountain on the north, and a ]i]ace called Crosses' Cabins on the west;" also fifty acres May 6, 1793, and in 1794 thirty acres. His wife was Margaret McCord, possibly a neighbor. He lived on this land a few years, then crossed to the south side of the Limestone Ridge, and bought a large tract lying north and west of Anderson- I PERRY COUNTY. 1021 burg, the farm on which the heirs of Hon. A. B. Anderson reside, being the homestead. He died here on the 25th of December, 1802. His children were Ruth, who died unmarried ; Alexander A., born in 1765, but was killed by a fall from a horse when twelve years old ; Margaret, born 17(38, married James Johnston, of Toboyne, by whom she had eight children ; her son John represented Perry County in the Legislature many years ago. William Ander- son, the fourth child of Wm. Anderson, Sr., was born in 1771, married Isabella Blaine, and was a member of the Legislature from Cumber- land before the creation of Perry County, and after 1820, when this county was organized, he became one of the associate judges, which post of honor he held at the time of his death in 1832. Andersonburg was named after him. In the assessment of Toboyne for 1820, he had the highest valuation in the township, and was the only one assessed with a " negro slave." His children were William B., Matilda, Mar- garet, Mary and Hon. Alexander B., all of M'hom are dead. William B. was a member of the Legislature for three years and a State Sena- tor for three years. Matilda married Rev. Lindley Rutter, of Lancaster County ; Mar- garet married Stuart Turbett, of Juniata County ; and Mary, Dr. B. F. Grosh, for many years one of the leading physicians of the county. A. B. Grosh, the efficient prothonotary of Perry County for six years, is their only living child. A. B. Anderson, Esq., married Mary Ann Lackey, daughter of Wm. and Elizabeth Lack- ey, of New Bloomfield, in 1853. He was an able member of the Xew Bloomfield bar, and was an associate judge of the county. He lived on the old homestead, where he died about fifteen years ago. His widow, with her family, is liv- ing on the farm to-day. Ann, another daughter of William Anderson, Sr., married William Douglass, and moved to Ohio. James moved to Ohio. Mary, who married a Mr. Russell, also moved to Ohio. George married Mattie Douglass and died in 1831. Alexander Augus- tus, educated at Washington College, married Jane Patton, who was a lawyer in Huntingdon. Samuel married Mary Linn. • John Garber, whose land lies west of the original Anderson land, owns a portion of the Alexander Blain survey of one hundred and thirty-one acres, made on the 8th of October, 176(3. "N^'ith this glimpse at the early settlers on the north side of the Limestone Ridge, we cross over to near Andersonburg, on the Xew Bloom- field and Germantown Road. Here is some of the best land in the county. On both sides of this road, from the Anderson firm to and in- cluding a portion of Samuel AIcKee's farm, on the hill to the west, the land was located by Alexander Murray, whose first warrant was for three hundred and twenty-six acres on the l-lth of August, 1766, and his second for one hundred acres in 1767. This land is now in- cluded in the highly cultivated farms of Ander- son's heirs, — A. B. Grosh and Samuel McKee. David McKee, whose farm joins Samuel's on the west, is a brother, and his farm at one time was a part of the same tract. These bro- thers purchased their farms from their father, who bought this farm from the McCord heirs before 1835. John McKee, of Xewport, is also a brother. The land lying south and east of the Alex- ander Murray tract, and upon which is the town of Andersonburg, and also the Benjamin Beistline farm and a portion of the Martin farm, was taken up by John McNeere (McAneer) in 1766 and 1767. In the same years Alexander McNeere, probably a brother, took up two hundred and sixty-nine acres just south of John's, which land is now in the farm of George ]\I. Loy, who is a full brother of Andrew Loy, on the Robinson tract. This farm was for a long time owned by Abi-aham Bowers, whose daughter Mr. Loy married. South of this tract, but joining it, John Doug- lass warranted, in 1788, " fifty acres, including an improvement bounded by his other lands on the south and east, Robert Adams on the west and Alexander Mclnear on the north." The Green Point school-house is on this tract and the balance is owned by Samuel Kerr's heirs, who likely own some of the other land taken up by Douglass. Robert INIorrow, executor of William Hamil- ton, on the 9th of September, 1766, took up one 1022 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. hundred and fifty-three acres, and on the same day and date the Widow Hamilton took out an order of survey for some land. These tracts are now owned by William and Jonathan Moore. The William Hamilton referred to ■was killed by the Indians, along Avith John Logan, Coyle and others, as before mentioned, near Daniel Ernest's house. The William Moore farm was owned by John Nelson, whose wife was a daughter of William Hamilton. The principal part of the land included in the Martin Motzer and Thomas Martin farms was taken up by James Morrow in 1766 and 1767, who had three hundred and fifty acres of land. Near to this tract John Irvin located one hun- dred and ninety-four acres in 1766, and one hundred acres in 1767, and Alexander Morrow, Esq., in trust for heirs of John Irvin, in 1790, warranted a tract. All these tracts are now owned by William and Thomas Martin and William Zimmerman, the latter of whom is of the family so long identified with the early his- tory of Toboyne. The Creighton Junk farm (but which was long known as the " McClintock farm ") was taken up in 1766 by John Murray. John Nelson warranted, in 1766, over three hundred acres, lying near the Hamilton tracts, which is owned by George M. Loy, Adam Sheaffer and others. The John Blair surveys for two hundred acres, made in 1766 and 1767, are mostly owned by William Moore. Bartholomew Davis, whose remarkable escape from death at the hands of the Indians in 1763, when all his companions were killed, near George McCord's, surveyed a part of the land now owned by John Moore and Samuel Kern. The date of his order was the 27th of August, 1766, and was for one hundred and eighty- seven acres. Thomas Clark, by order of survey No. 1165, and dated 9th of September, 1766, took up two hundred and forty-two acres, which land is now owned by Robert A. Clark, a descendant, and Abram Stahl. Clark also took up one hundred acres in 1767. Robert Clark, a son of Thomas, came to Sherman's Valley from Carlisle as a volunteer to defend the settlers against the In- dians, and seeing the fine water, timber and soil of the valley, settled on this tract, but the order of survey was taken out in the name of his father. This Clark tract and the Adams tract, in .Tackson, are the only two in the upper town- ships that are 3'et in the name of the original settler. Robert Clark married Mary, tlie third child of Hugh and Martha Alexander. Robert Clark died in 1819, aged eighty years, and his wife in 1838, aged seventy-six years. Their children were Thomas, Hugh, Frances, John, David, Martha, Margaret, .lames and Andrew. Thomas Clark married Nellie Black, 30th of December, 1809, and moved to Ohio, where he died in 1846, and she in 1871. Hugh Clark did not marrv, his residence being in Piqua, Ohio. Frances Clark married Richard Morrow, probably a neighbor, in 1814, and moved to Miami Count)', Ohio, where he died in 1864, and his wife a few months later in the same year, aged seventy-six and seventy-five respect- ively. John Clark married a Susan Clark, of Perry, probably a daughter of Roger Clark, and moved to Ohio in 1816. David Clark married Margaret Blain, likely one of the Jackson township Blains, in 1815, and moved to Ohio, where he died in 1839, and his wife in 1836. Martha Clark married Robert Adams, a far- mer of Toboyne ; lived in Sherman's Valley, where she died in 1813. Her daughter Jeniza married Fisher Nesbit, whose children were John, William, James and Martha. This family and their descendants are mostl_v in the county. Margaret Clark married Robert McClure about 1819, and moved to Ohio, where she died in 1840. James Clark married Ann Coyle, a daughter of David Coyle, who was mentioned as living for many years on the Benjamin Rice farm in Madison. James Clark lived on the old farm now owned by his oldest son, Robert A. Clark, where he died in 1858, aged sixty years. His wife survived him until the year 1885, dying in Nashville. They had seven children — Robert A., David C, Martha L., Andrew M., Mary A., Elizabeth A. and William S. PERRY COUiNTY. 1023 -Robert A. Clark married Matilda Q., daugh- ter of James McNeal, of Centre, who died some years ago. His present wife is of the Smiley family, of Carroll. He has a family of seven children. The old farm under his careful cultivation is in fine condition, and the build- ings and impi'ovements indicate the thrift and prosperity of the owner. David Coyle Clark married Maggie Sharp, and resides near Chambersburg. Martha Lynn Clark married William A. McCulloch, and lives near Xewville. Mary A. Clark married Samuel Sharp, and resides near Newville. Andrew Mitchell Clark, the youngest child of Robert and Mary (Alexander) Clark, died unmarried at the residence of his brother James in 1858, aged fifty-eight years. Adjoining the Thomas Clark survey on the north and west, John Crawford located one hundred and thirty-eight acres in 1766, and one hundred acres in 1767. On this latter tract is situated the St. Paul Lutheran Church. The farms of Jacob and Samuel Burrell, south of Clark's, were warranted by Robert Nelson in 1766. On the 18th of June, 1774, William Erwin warranted " fifty acres along the south side of the Limestone Ridge, joining the lands of James Murray, John McNaire, Alexander Murray and Alexander Clarke." This land is owned by A. B. Grosh, Anderson's heirs and Thomas Martin. This warrant names, as joiners, a few of the extensive land-owners of the neighborhood. Christopher Bower warranted a considerable portion of the land in the Woods' and Gray's farms. The same farms also contain the Conrad Wolf warrant of 1786 for " two hundred acres, including an improve- ment, adjoining lands of John Garner, William McCord, Andrew Eberhart, Jacob Grove and John Byers." The land Iving around Cisna's Run was the earliest warranted in this part of the town- i ship. It was warranted in the name of John Garner (Gardner) on the 4th of February, 1755, and was for "two hundred acres, in- cluding his improvement on Cedar Spring, a branch of Sherman's Creek : " also one hundred acres in 1767. John Hench's heirs, George Bryner, Samuel Shupe and others own this land. The large scope lying west and north of this point, and which includes the most valuable land in the county was also warranted early, but as the warrants were not found, the dates cannot be given. We have given, wherever possible, the names of the joiners to the tracts already described, and it is believed that by this method few names of early settlers have been omitted. The only person in the western end of the county capable of supplying the omissions in this narrative is James Woods, Esq., of Blaiu, who will no doubt cheerfully gratify those who may be interested. The land now owned by John Milligan's heirs and Thomas Messimer, and lying south of Cisna's Run, was taken up in the years 1762, 1767 and 1792 by Hugh Gibson, who was taken prisoner by the Indians in 1756 at the time of the attack on Robison's Fort, when his mother, the Widow Gibson, the wife of James Wilson and several others were killed and scalped. He was adopted by the tribe and kept a prisoner for some time, but finally made his escape. Samuel Lightner owns the land, taken up by James Brown in 1766 and 1767, that lies on the south side of Sherman's Creek. Adjoining the Brown tract William McFar- land took up three hundred acres in 1789, which land is now owned by James Adair's heirs and Samuel Lightner. The James Adair farm was a part of the large tract taken up by John Byers (Ryards) in 1767, which contained two hundred acres. In 1794 he took up over five hundred acres, likely ridge land, which is owned by John Martin and George M. Loy. It is probable that this is the same Byers who took up the Judge Stroup farm, in Sandy Hill, and who was the presiding justice of the Cumberland County Court in 1763, when Toboyne township was erected. On the Byers tract at Adair's, is the large brick grist-mill known as the "Trostle mill," and erected by William Owens and for a long time owned by the Bruner brothers. It is now owned by David Metz. Much of the land lying on the Limestone 10i4 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Ridge, and Dorth of Cisna's Run, was taken up by Stephen Cessna, who for many years lived at this point and owned considerable land in the vicinity. His name has become fixed to this locality and some of his descendants are still living in the township. He was related to John Gardner. Dr. Reed Cisna, formerly of Ickesburg, is a descendant, and also Captain Gardner C. Palm. Hon. John Cessna, of Bedford County, is a representative of a collateral branch of the same family. The farm now owned by John A. Garber, a brother of Hon. Jos. B. Garber, was war- ranted by Stephen Cessna and Henry Zim- merman as early as 1789. A short distance east of the Bj'crs tract, and on the main road, where George Hench's tan- nery and the village of Centre are located, Jane McCreary and sons warranted one hun- dred and sixty eight acres on the 2d of June, 1762. She was the widow of Thomas Mc- Creary. A portion of this land is now in the George M. Loy farm, which he purchased from Samuel Arnold about fifteen years ago, and it joins the James Wilson survey, described as one of the joiners of the Robinson tract. The tannery of George Hench, on this tract, was erected before 1820, although A. L. Hench, in his semi-centennial narrative, does not put it earlier than 1825, and gives John Loy the credit of being the founder of it. If it was not in existence in 1820, where was the " tan-yard" for which Nicholas Loy, the father of John, was assessed in Toboyne toM'nship in that year? On the 17th of December, 1825, John Loy purchased it from his father, and it then consisted of a " log building, two stories high, containing two limes, one bate, beam- house and currying-shop. The bark was ground in a hoop on the first floor of a shed adjoining. One pool, one loach and the sixteen vats, still numbering from one to sixteen, com- prised the whole establishment." On the lUth of April, 1832, the property was bought by Atcheson Laughlin, and, on the 10th of August, 1832, George Hench became a part- ner of Mr. Lauglilin's, which partnership con- tinued until 1837, when Mr. Hench purchased Laughlin's entire interest for one thousand five hundred dollars. ]\Ir. Hencli was a young man of energy and character, and began at once to improve his property. He erected the present main building in 1842, and, in 1851, put in an engine and two boilers, by which wet spent-tan could be used as fuel. In 1857 a saw-mill was attached, and, in 1860, a furnace for burning wet tan was put in, being the first successful venture of the kind in the State west of the Susquehanna. On the 1st of April, 1865, A. Ti. Hench, th6 eldest son, became his father's partner, securing a one-third interest. On the 1st of April, 1872, the partnership was dis- solved by mutual consent, the junior partner withdrawing, the assets of the firm at this time being: over ninetv thousand dollars. From that time to the present Mr. George Hench has been the sole proprietor. He has been living in Carlisle for about ten years. Much of the thrift of the laboring classes in the neighbor- hood is due to Mr. Hench's successful manage- ment of this tannery. For more than fifty years he has been the active head of this enter- prise, and during all that time has been a jjotent factor in the intellectual, social and moral advancement of the community. His sou, Atcheson L., married Alice, a daughter of Jacob Bixler, moved to Bedford County in 1872, and erected a large tannery near Alum Bank. His son Thomas, after graduating at Princeton College and Seminary, became a Presbyterian minister, and is located in the West. On the 10th of August, 1882, Mr. Hench in- vited his friends, neighbors, Philadelphia and New York business men with whom he dealt, and many others, to join with him and his family in celebrating, in a fitting manner, his successfully reaching the fiftieth milestone of active business life. It was a happy idea, a credit to the heart that conceived it, and grace- fully managed for the comfort and pleasure of all. East of the McCreary tract was the survey of Joseph Neejjer, containing one hundred and eighty-seven acres, and dated the 27th of August, 1766, and now owned by Reuben Mover. Tliis tract is south of Wilson's and on both sides of Sherman's Creek. William Keeper also located laud in this vicinity, and, in 1789, PEKRY COUNTY. 1025 he took out an order for what is now the David Gring tract, in Sheaffer's Valley. Joseph, James and William wore sous of William Xeeper. George Connors bought the Neeper farm in 1816, and sold to George Loy in 1823, and he to Jacob Lighter in 1824. William Dalzell warranted one hundred and six acres east of Neeper's on the lltli of December, 1788. On this tract was located the old Daniel Sheaffer tavern. It lies west of Roddj-'s and south of Robinson's tracts, and is now owned by John Hohenshilt. The farm on the south side of the creek from Centre, for some years owned by David ^Sletz, but now owned by George Heuch, Jr., was warranted on the 7th of May, 1787, by James ^laxwell. The warrant called for " two hundred acres, including an improve- ment, bounded on the northwest by lands oi' John Byers, on the south by lands of the heirs of David Brown, and on the east by land ol William Hunter." Colonel John Maxwell, one of the commissioners of the county in 1824, and a son of James Maxwell, owned this property in 1820, as the assessment shows, and there was then erected upon it a "fulling-mill "and "power- mill." James Maxwell was yet living in 1814, as he is as^sessed for a " fulling-mill " that year. Joseph Eaton, a relative of the INIaxwells, pur- chased the property from John and owned it for many years, and, in 1835, is assessed for a fulling-mill and cardiug-iuachine and a still. The land now owned by Andrew Adams' heirs, along the creek, was warranted at differ- ent times by the Baxter brothers. John Baxter located fifty acres in 1767, and one hundred and fifty acres in 1787, and James and William Baxter warranted, on the 25th of Xovember, 1789, " one hundred acres joining Andrew McCurdy, John Baxter and John Shower, and on the south by a barren hill." The Adairs, themselves an old and numerous family in the township, are related to the Bax- ter family. John Wolf, south of Centre, owns the greater part of a warrant dated 16th of April, 1793, and taken out by William Hun- ter " in behalf of Jas. Baxter, one of the ad- ministrators of Martha Hunter, widow ofWm. Hunter, and the surviving children, 100 acres, including an improvement, bounded by lands of John Neeper, Sherman's Creek, James Maxwell and the heirs of Wm. Neeper." Henry Bear's mill is on a tract warranted by John Scouller on the 22d February, 1787, and containing " 200 acres, including an im- j)rovement, adjoining lauds of the Neepers, the heirs of Roger Clarke, John Baxter and Wil- liam McClintock, on Sherman's Creek." Englehart Wormley owned this property in 1814 and was assessed for a mill and saw-mill, which proves the erection of the mill at least as early as that date. The present brick mill was built in 1841. John Wormley owned the mill in 1835. Across the creek from Bear's mill, AVilliam McClelland located, in 1766, one hundred and twenty-six acres, and in 1767 one hundred acres. This land is owned by James Adair. The foregoing list of early settlers in Madison township contains almost one hundred names, and, while it is not complete, very i'ew of the actual settlers on the good land of the township have been omitted. If this, the first attempt of the kind, is found impei-fect, and occasionally inac- curate, it is hoped it will induce those who have the ability to correct and rewrite this very im- portant part of our local history to do so while it is possible to get at the facts. But few gene- alogies are given, and these very briefly — first, because space was wanting, and second, but few families have a connected history from the earlv settlers to the present, and, of course, can- not furnish it on short notice. Centre Presbyterian Church. — This was the earliest church, not only in ]\Iadison township, but in the western part of Perrv County. Its history dates back to a period earlier than that of any church in the county, although the old Dick's Gap Church, on the New Bloomfield and Baileysburg road, was probably erected first. The land upon which the Centre Church stands was taken up by order of sur- vey No. 1181, on the 9th of September, 1766, by " Thomas Ross, John Byers, Edward Allet, John Hamilton and Hugh Alexander, in trust for the congregation at Tyrone, in Tyrone town- ship." The charter of incorporation was granted by Governor William Findley on the 24th of March, 1819, and the land was patented 1026 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. in 1820. The tract originally contained seven acres and five perches, and consisted of a beau- tiful grove of majestic oaks, many of which are yet standing. The old graveyard, which con- tains tombstones as early as 1766, occupies .sev- eral acres of the tract. A dwelling-house for the church scxtou and the Centre School-house are also on the tract. The church is in an his- toric neighborliood, being in sight of Robi.son's Fort, and was surrounded by sturdy Scotch- Irish settlers, whose love for the tenets of John Calvin was only equaled by their love of lib- erty and their hatred of despotic power. The old grave-yard is the final resting-place of many of these lieroic men. The first church was built about 1767, of logs dovetailed at the corners. Like all coun- try churches of the jieriod, it was fireless, even in winter. Being the only church within a radius of many miles, its membere came from distant points, and, during the Indian wars, armed with tlieir trusty rifles. Two sernKins on Sunday was the rule, the members bringing their dinners with them. In 1766 the settlers of Sherman's Valley asked Donegal Presbytery for church organiza- tion, although as early as 1760 they had asked for preachers, and they had beeu sent. In Aug- ust, 17()6, the Rev. Charles Beatty was sent out from Philadelphia, by the Missionary Board of the Presbytei'iau ( 'hurch, to visit frontier settle- ments. He was joined at Carlisle by the Rev. George Duffield, and, together, they went over the mountains, and "on the eighteenth day came to the house of Thomas Ross (Colonel Graham's farm in Tyrone), where we lodged. On the nineteenth day rode four or five miles, to a place in the woods designed for building a house for worship, and preached. (This was undoubtedly the site of Centre (Jhurch.) Alter sermon pro- ceeded about five miles and lodged at the house of Mr. Ferguss ; the house where he lives -was attacked by the Indians in the late war and the owners of it killed." (The house referred to was very likely the Logan house, as it would be on his route to the West.) After several visits from church commiltees, three churches were organized in the valley — Old Dick's Gap, (Centre and the Blain Church. This arrangement was finally approved by Pres- bytery on the 14th April, 1767. The "Lime- stone," or "Lower" Church, at "Samuel Fish- er's," at the grave-yard near George Hoobaugh's, in Tyrone, was partly erected when the others were organized, but Presbytery refused to or- ganize it, as being too near to Centre. However, on the 24th June, 1772, the request was grant- ed and this church, with Centre and Upper (named also Toboyne), called Rev. William Thorn on the 8th September, 1772, but he de- clined. Between the years 1772 and 1777 these same churches called Rev. Jno. Black and Rev. McKuight, but both declined. On the loth October, 1777, they called Rev. John Linn, who was the first minister to accept. Of course sup- plies were sent by Presbytery during the vacancy of the jjulpit. In June, 1778, Rev. John Linn was installed as their pastor, and so continued until his death, in 1820. A sketch of his life will be found in connection with the John Byers tract, which he purchased. After the death of Rev. Linn the churches were sup- plied for a time by Rev. Gray. Before this time changes had taken place in these churches, the "Sam Fisher" Church had been abandoned, and Landisburg organized in 1823. Rev. James M. Olmstead became pastor of the "Upper" Church- es in 1826, and served until 1831, when Rev. Lindley C. Rutter became the pastor of Centre and Upper only, and so continued uutil 1836. Rev. Nelson was the next pastor, but resigned in 1842, and was followed in J 844 by Rev. George D. Porter, who served these two church- es in connection with Millerstown until 1851. Then Rev. George S. Ray served Centre and Blain as stated supply until 1855, in which year Landisburg united with these churches in call- ing Rev. Lewis Williams, who was pastor until his death, in 1857. In the fiill of 1857, Rev. Jno. H. Clark became the pastor, and served until the tldl of 1862. In 1863 Rev. J. H. Ramsey came, and remained until the spring of 1867. lu'v. Robert McPhcrson was called to Landisburg and Centre in 1868, Blain having united with Ickesburg. Rev. McPiierson con- tinued pastor of the church until about 1881, when he resigned, and the pulpit was vawmt, except supplies, until the K^th June, 1883, when PERRY COUNTY. 1027 Rev. J. H. Cooper was installed, who continued as pastor until 10th June, 1885. The pulpit is now vacant. The trustees of the Centre Church, in 1819, when it was chartered, were John Linn, John Creigh, Thomas Purdy, William McClure, Charles Elliott, Samuel McCord, David Coyle, Robert Elliott and Samuel A. Audei'son. The present trustees are John Milligan, Ne\^-ton Mc- Millen and Andrew Loy. The present frame church is the third church erected on these grounds. The logs of the first church, pulled down when the second, or stone church, was built, in 1793, were sold to Samuel Richard, who then owned the Wormley farm, below Wag- goner's, who used them in building a barn, which stood until 1857, when it was torn down by Benjamin Wormley. The logs, still being in good condition, were used by him in the erection of his present barn, in which some of them may yet be seen. The present church was built in 1850, and stands almost upon the site of the first church. The second, or stone church, stood two or three rods east of the present church.' Emory Chapel Methodi.st Episcopai, Church. — The first Methodist society organ- ized in Madison township (then Toboyne) was at Bruner's (Trostcl's) mill, about the year 1815. The Bruner brothers were earnest and active men, and sterling Methodists. To them is due much of the honor of founding and firmly establishing within the borders of western Perry County the Methodist Episcopal Church, the lai'gest church, as the last census shows, in America to-day. In those early days the preaching services M'ere held in school-houses and the houses of members, and the present church at Bixler's Mills was not erected until 1838, Jacob Bixler, John Flickinger and others being the most active promoters of the enter- prise. The land was given by John Flickin- ger. The church building is a neat frame structure, inclosed by an attractive fence and shaded by locust-trees. It stands close by a ' For much of this material, thanks are due Rev. John Edgar, who gathered the early Presbyterian Church his- tory while pastor of the New Bloomfield Clhurch ; .James B. Hackett, Esq.; A. L. Hench, of Bedford County ; and Robert A. Clark, of Madison township. large spring on the land of Jacob Bixler. The church has been twice repaired, first in 1863 and again in 1878. Services are held here every two weeks, and it belongs to the Blaiu charge. Up to nine years ago it was a part of the New Bloomfield " Circuit." A Sunday School is a regular part of the church services, and is well attended by the children of the neighborhood. Sandy Hill Trinity Reformed Church. — At the regular annual meeting of Zion's Classis, convened in Ickesburg in the spring of 1873, permission was granted to Rev. F. S. Ivindanian to organize a Reformed congregation at Sandy Hill. This, organization was eti'ected on the 14th of September, 1873, by electing George L. Ickes and Samuel Bender elders, and Jacob Kulm and Samuel Showers deacons. It consisted of sixteen members, and took the name of Trinity Reformed Church of Sandy Hill. The newly organized congregation wor- shipped in the school-house imtil a suitable building could be erected. In the spring of 1874 it was unanimously resolved to build a church, and work ^vas begun at once, so that on the 3d of January, 1875, the present attrac- tive edifice was formally dedicated. Rev. F. S. Lindaman, to whose earnest and efficient ef- forts this church owes its inception and con- summation, furnished the foregoing facts, and in addition says : " We have added from time to time many members to the church, and now, without taking into account the many who have moved away, it now numbers fiftv-two con- firmed and about thirty unconfirmed mem- bers." The Stony Point Evangelical Church. — This church was erected about 1863, through the efforts of John Ernest and other citizens of the vicinity. It is a frame building, and situ- ated about three miles west of Sandy Hill, on the Blain road. The church and Sunday- school are in a flourishing condition. It be- longs to the Elliottsburg charge. Several of its young men have became preacheivs, Rev. J. W. Hollenbaugh, a missionary in Oregon, be- ing one of them. St. Paul Lutheran Church. — In 1855 the members of the Blain and Loysville Luth- 1028 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. eran Churches who were living in the vicinity of Andersonburg concluded to organize a church in their midst. This was done by the Rev. Reuben Weiser, in the spring of that year, and the following persons were installed as the first board of officers of the congregation : Jacob Arnold and Jacob Kunkle, elders; J. B. Zim- merman and Saumel Arnold, deacons ; George Hohenshilt and Henry Wolf, trustees. The corner-stone was laid on the 27th of May, 1855, Rev. Daniel Sill preaching the ser- mon. In September, 1855, Rev. R. Weiser resigned the Loysville pastorate, to which this congregation belonged, and the church was vacant about eight monthg. On Sunday, the 22d of December, 1855, the church was dedi- cated, Rev. P. P. Lane consecrating it by the distinctive title of " St. Paul's Evangel- ical Lutheran Church." The edifice is of brick, neat and substantial, forty by fifty feet in size. It has a vestibule and is surmounted by a steeple and bell. The church is located on the main val- Icv i'atentecl by him February 2, 1796. It contained two linndred and seventy-five acres, and was sold by Robison, February 11, 1796, to Nicholas Ickes, a native of Montgomery County. His grandfather, Fredericlv Ickes, emigrated from Germany about 174S, and purchased one thou- sand acres of land in Limerick, Montgomery County. After his death it was divided among four sons, of whom Michael settled upon the tract, and died, leaving a widow and five chil- dren, of whom Nicholas was the oldest. He was in the Revolution when sixteen years old, and, after its close, settled upon the farm, which, after his Other's death, he took at the appraise- ment. He soon married Mary M. Christman about 1785, by whom he had four children — Eliza- beth, born in 1787; Samuel, 1791; Jonas, February 3, 1793; and Catharine, 1795. Nicholas Ickes, with his family, came to Cum- berland County (now Perry) in 1795, and pur- chased the land of Robert Robison on an article of agreement, and, as soon as patent was ob- tained, received title. His wife died soon after his settlement, and, about 1797, married Susan- nah, by whom he had thirteen children. Of the children by the first wife, Elizabeth, the eldest, married Peter Hench, who lived on the Ickes farm, and is the mother of George Hench, now of Carlisle, and Nicholas Hench, of Ickesburg ; she later married Furnell; Samuel settled at Sandy Hill, on the farm now owned by his son Michael ; Jonas studied med- icine, and practiced in this county many years, and is now living in Illinois ; Catharine, the youngest, married Paul Schaeffer and emigra- ted to Ohio. The children by the second wife mostly set- tled in the county. Margaret, the eldest, mar- ried John Rice, and is now a resident of New Bloom field ; Magdalena married George Rice, a brother of John, and settled in Sandy Hill ; Michael and Jacob settled at Saville; Susannah married Samuel Heim and settled at Loysville; George now resides at Newport ; Nicholas set- tled at Ickesburg ; Mary married Henry S. Smith and settled at Newport ; Sarah became the wife of Johnson Servis and moved to Illi- nois ; Elsa E. married David Zimmerman and 66 also emigrated to Illinois ; Sophia married Levi Weibley and settled in Saville. Nicholas Ickes, the father, died in 1849. About 1818, soon after the erection of the township of Saville, Mr. Ickes laid out a town- plat into streets and lots and named it Ickes- burg. In 1820 the persons whose names are here given were owners of lots and carried on busi- ness: Henry Flickinger, shoemaker; Nicholas Ickes, distillery and saw-mill ; Jonas Ickes, M.D. ; Daniel Lutman, Edward McGouran and John Rice, merchants. February 13, 1822, John Rice purchased lot No. 15. April 29, 1824, Mr. Ickes sold to Dr. John Parshul lots Nos. 4, 5, 6, and April 29, 1826, to John Rice, lots 7, 8, who, on October 19tli, following, conveyed then to Alexander Power. John Rice, in 1819-20, built two log houses and in 1821 a stone house. John Rice, before 1820, went into partnership with a man (who was keeping a small store) living at Ickesburg for the pur- pose of establishing a tan yard. A quantity of bark was purchased for the purpose, which was seized for the debts of the merchant, and the tan-yard was abandoned and Mr. Rice succeed- ed in obtaining the stock of goods and contin- ued the store from that time until 1822, when he sold to Henry Roberts, who carried on the business for several years, and in 1830 Mr. Rice purchased the store and ^jroperty and con- tinued for about twenty years, during which time his sons became engaged with him. After the death of Samuel Rice, in 1848, the property was sold to John R. Furnell, who, in 1851, sold to William Rice. The store is now kept by Samuel and Nicholas Hench, sons of Nicholas Hench. About 1830 James Milligan opened a store at Ickesburg, which he continued about thirty years and sold to George Irvin, and after two years repurchased the property and kept the store several years. It is now kept by John Rouse & Son. A post-office was established at Ickesburg in November, 1820, with William Elliot as post- master. The mail was at first weekly. After tlie tannery was built it was arranged to be deliv- ered twice a week. ]\Ir. Elliot was succeeded by Jesse Comley, George Rice, Samuel Rice, A. 10i2 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. B. Wilson, Peter Tumey, William Boden and the present iucumbent, Alexander Barnes. Nicholas Ickes, in 1820, was running a distill- ery at Ickesburg and in 1821 erected a grist and saw-mill. The Ickesburg Tannery was built in 1821 by Squire Taylor and Dr. .John Parshall, who sold to Alexander Power, of York County, Pa. It was later bought by Samuel Hench and Henry Duffield and is now owned by John Kendig. James Sanderson, in 1821, built a tannery above town, which was kept by George Sander- son. It was advertised for sale in 1829 by the heirs of James, and in 1831 was still run by George Sanderson. It is now owned by Peter Swartz. A foundry was established in 1835 by John- son Servis, which was destroyed by lire about 1838. The foundry now owned by Samuel Leggett was soon after Ijuilt by Elias Weidle. The following remonstrance was hauded to the court of Perry County and shows the feeling of the people of that day against the sale of liquor : " To the Honorable the Judges of the Court of Quar- ter Sessions of Perry County at April term, 1833. The petitioners, inhabitants of Saville township, in said county, beg leave respectfully to represent that the large and beautiful tavern stand in the town of Ickes- burg in said county (occupied for the last year by Mr. Edward Miller), is now purchased by Mr. John Elliot and will by him be occupied for the present year as a temperance house of entertainment; that we place the utmost confidence in said Elliot as a man well qualified for that business; that he will be provided with everything necessary for the entertainment of strangers and travelers, and that we believe he will be able conveniently to furnish lodging at any time and to any number that may be expected to call in that place. Your petitioners therefore believe that there is no necessity for any other tavern in said town, and more especially for one in which spirituous liquors would be sold, which would only tend to injure the morality, peace and comfort of the community. Should any person therefore apply we would respect- fully ask your honors to refuse them such license ; and we are in duty bound to pray. " Robert Elliot. Alexander Patterson. William Milligan. David Coyle. Frederick Hartman. George Sanderson. John B. Baker. A. Linn. Alexander Robison. Henry Thatcher. Moses Hall. Samuel Reed. William Irvine. George Billman. George Baker. Robert Irvine." There were formerly two taverns kept in Ickesburg ; one in the building now owned by Calvin Nipple. It was last kept as a public- house by George Jacobs. The other is the present hotel, kept many years by Major Ale.Kander Barnes, who was suc- ceeded by William Nesbitt, John Adams, Na- thaniel Adams, David Bower and the present proprietor, Calvin Hench. The Methodist Church was built in Ickes- burg in 1843, and the pulpit was supplied by pastors who were in charge of the New Bloom- field Circuit, and for which reference is made to the Methodist Church of New Bloomfield. Old Buffalo Presbyterian Church was organized in April, 1823, under the charge of the Rev. James M. Olmstead, who had just been appointed. Services had been held in the local- ity for several years previously by the Rev. John Linn, who continued until his death, in 1831. Upon the call and acceptance of the Rev. John Dickey, in 1834, to the church at New Bloomfield, these two churches were added to his charge and so remained until his death, in 1855. The Bufialo was then united with the Up- per Church, and they were served by the Rev. J. J. Hamilton, who, later, gave up the Buffalo Church and was succeeded by the Rev. John Strain, Thomas Cochran, J. J. Hamilton. In 1876 the Rev. Robert McPherson became pas- tor of tlie Centre Church and served as a supply at Ickesburg. He was followed in care of the Buffalo Church by the Rev. J. H. Cooper, who served several years. The church is at present witiiout a pastor. Tiie Buffiilo congregation erected, in 1823, a log church, on land then owned by Philip Kell. The house was used until 1850, when it was abandoned, and the congregation, then largely living in Ickesburg, erected the present church edifice at that place. The RefoEiMED Concjreg.\tion built, in 1871, a church, which is under the charge with Buffalo Church. The Lutheran Congregation of Ickes- burtr, in the vear 1885, built a church at a co.st of four thousand five hundred dollar.s, which was dedicated December 6th of that year. Ser- mons were preached by the Rev. I. P. Neff, of PERRY COUiNTY. 1043 Blain, and the Rev. J. H. Menges, of Philadel- phia. The frunt windows of the church are memorials; the centre one was presented by the heirs of Nicholas Ickes and the other two front windows by the children of Nicholas Heuch. ESHCOL. Eshcol is a hamlet grown np around the Shuman Church and the mill. It contains, be- sides these, a few houses, a school-house, black- smith-shop, two stores, tannery and post-office. The post-office was originally at the Upper Shuman Mill and was moved to this place and named Eshcol, with John D. Baker, postmaster. He was succeeded by Jacob Kleckner, the pres- ent incumbent. The stores are kept by John Hannam and John D. Baker. The tannery was built many years ago and was owned by Michael Gaylor, and is now owned by L. A. Wickery, who carries on the business occasionally. St. Andrew's Lutheean Church. — At the beginning of the present century a number of Lutherans were settled at and near where Ickesburg now is. Among whom were the Ickes, Lyons, Shumans, Longs and Anders. They were from eight to twelve miles from a church aud occasionally they were visited by a minister, who preached in dwellings or school- houses. In 1806 Rev. Frederick Oberhauser came to Toboyne township and began to jireach regular- ly to the people in the neighborhood of Ickes- burg and other places. In 1815 he instructed a class of catechumens at Andrew Shuman's house, near Shuman's mill, and also adminis- tered communion and confirmed twelve persons. Mr. Oberhauser preached in the neighborhood regularly until his death, April 12, 1821. Rev. John William Heiru preached here occasionally imtil 1828, when he settled at Loysville and after this preached occasionally here. It was desired to build a church, and a site near Shu- man's Lower Mill (now Eshcol), and about two miles east of Ickesburg, was selected for the church. The congregation was regularly organ- ized and the following-named pereons consti- tuted the first council : Frederick Anders, elder; John Beistlein, deacon; Peter Long and John Swartz, trustees. An acre of land was donated by Andrew Shuman, to be used for the purpose of a Union Church (Lutheran and Reformed) and a grave- yard. Andrew Shuman and Jacob Bealor were chosen a building committee, who, in 1831, erected a log church, which was occupied in the fall of that year. Rev. Mr. Heim ministered to this congregation until May, 1849, when he re- signed. He was succeeded by Rev. Jacob iMartin, who served three years, until April 1, 1852. He was followed by Rev. William Ger- hardt, Rev. Adam Height and Rev. David Focht, vvhoacceptedthechargeof theNew Bloom- field Church and its stations. Under the Rev. Jacob Martin services had been held every three weeks, and alternately in the English and Ger- man language ; this custom was continued until the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Focht, when the German language ceased to be preached. Mr. Focht continued in charge until 1863. The congregation since that time has been under the following pastors: P. P. Lane, 1863; G. T. Schoffer, 1866; L. A. Hedges, 1869; R. Sheeder, 1873; A. H. Spangler, 1879, and the present pastor, the Rev. A. H. F. Fischer, who began his labors August 5, 1883. St. Andrew's, or Shuman's Church (Re- formed).— This church was built as a Union Church in 1831, by the Reformed and Lutheran congregations, and in the fall of that year it was occupied. The Rev. Jacob Sholl was in charge of the congregations in the county, and remained in charge until his death, September 4, 1847. He was succeeded by the Rev. Daniel Gans, who was followed in July, 1851, by the Rev. Samuel Kuhn, who resigned December 26, 1862. At a meeting of the consistory in February, 1863, this congregation was united to the Zion Blain charge, by whom it was served a few years, when it was abandoned as a preaching place. The old church stands at Eshcol now unoccupied, the Lutherans having built a new edifice in the vicinity. 1044 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. NICHOLAS HENCH. Nicholas Heuch is descended from ances- tors who emigrated from Prussia to the United States. His grandfather, George Hench, who resided in Perry County, was the father of children, — Peter, Henry, John, George, Wil- liam, Tenie and Elizabeth. Peter Hench was born in Perry County, where his death occurred self by labor, and, on the 29th of December, 1831, was married to Catherine Jane, daughter of George and Alice Hamilton, of the same county. The children of this marriage are Elizabeth Ann (wife of William Wilson), born October 18,1832; George H., December 27, 1834 ; Nicholas I., January 17,1837 ; Frances H., April 8, 1839 ; Mary Ellen, wife of John Brickley, born September 15, 1841 ; a babe born January 23, 1846, which died soon after; 0-fiJ?rANSDALE PRESBYTKniAN ClItlRCH. — This church traces its origin from the old Sherman's Creek Church, which first appears on the records of Presbytery, iu April, 1778.' ' The site is uiavkeJ by iin olil gravc-yanl, on wliat is PERRY COUNTY. 1053 As early as 1760 the while settlers of Sher- man's Valley (then including nearly all of what is now Perry County) had asked for preachers from Donegal Presbytery, and their request had been granted. In 1766 three churches were organized, viz.: Old Dick's Gap, Centre and Upper, histories of which are given in their respective townships. " The Church at the Mouth of the Juniata," as it was called in early days (predecessor of the present Duncan- uon Church), had preaching fii'st in 1793, and owing to the nearness of this congregation to the Sherman's Creek Church, the latter, in 1801, moved its place of assemblage to " Boyd's," now known as the Matlack farm, and in 1802 to Swisshelm's, later known as the old Moorey place, now owned by Adam Zerger. On April 16, 1829, the congregation was incorporated by act of the Legislature. The old church was sit- uated two miles east of its present site, on the bank of Sherman's Creek. The building, which was of logs, was used until 1843, when tlie present church was built on land donated by William Smiley and wife. Kev. Hugh Magill was called to Sherman's Creek Ciiurch in 1778, but resigned in 1779. Before and after this time the Presbytery sent supplies. Rev. Joseph Brady was the first pastor at the Swisshelm Church, being installed October 3, 1804. He served until his death, April 24, 1821. Rev. John Niblock was pastor from 1826 till his death, August 11, 1830, supplies having filled the pulpit before his pas- torate, after the death of Rev. Brady. Rev. Matthew B. Patterson was installed November 22, 1831, and was pastor until April 13, 1842. Next came Rev. Hezekiah Hanson, from July 17, 1853, till July 8, 1856. At the termination of his ministry this charge was united with New Bloomfield, under Rev. William B. Craig, who served from June 17, 1857, till Jiuie 11, 1867, when Duncannon and Shermansdale were separated from New Bloomfield. Rev. William Thompson was called in 1868, and re- known now as the Zeigler property, between Fio Forge anil Dellville, and where tradition claims that the iirst white man buried in the county was laid. In it are in- terred ancestors of the Stewarts, and Kirkpatricks, of Dun- cannon and vicinity. mained until 1873. Duncannon then separated from it, and supplies were sent both before and after the pastorate of Rev. S. A. Davenport, ex- tending from 1878 to 1880. Rev. J. J. Hamilton and Rev. J. A. Murray, D.D., were two of these supplies. Rev. J. C. Garver, of the Laudis- burg charge, was pastor for one year, ending May, 1884, and Rev. Robert F. McClean, of the New Bloomfield charge, the present pastor, began his ministry there June 1, 1884. Mt. Ziox Union Church is in the south- eastern part of Carroll. In 1763 we find " John Rankin located at Canderman's Gap, in Kittantinny Hill ; Israel Jacobs along Fishing Creek, in 1766 ; John Jacobs in the vicinity, in 1768 ; Adam Reigart there, in 1773; Samuel Starr on waters of Fishing Creek, in 1774 ; and George Albright located land iu 1786." Many others soon came into the valley, and, like many of the pioneers, were of the Re- formed and Lutheran faiths. Among these were the Reibers, 1798 ; Foulks, 1795; Ensmingers, 1797 ; and the Sloops, Finicles, Kimmels, Hinkels and Billows. These members at- tended divine services in Carlisle, traveling by a rugged path over North Mountain, a distance of from ten to fifteen miles. Pastors from Carlisle occasionally visited the community until the Loysville charge was. formed, when its ministers preached for the members in this vicinily at regular intervals — once in four weeks — in houses and barns. In 1816 a church was built, the corner-stone being laid in July and the edifice dedicated on the 14th of August following. The structure was of hewed logs, and in dimensions thirty-five by forty feet. Inside were high galleries on three sides of the building and a high pulpit stood against the wall. In 1854 the galleries were taken down and other repairs made, and in Sep- tember, 1878, further improvements were made and the church rededicated as a Union Re- formed and Lutheran Church. In 1839 INIt. Pisgaii congregation was formed, and St. David's, or Billow's, followed in 1846. Both of these churches drew their membership largely from Mt. Zion. Since 1870 the congreo-ations have not been regularly served. The Reformed pastors who served were Rev. Helfenstein, 1054 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. who was succeeded by Rev. Jacob Scholl, who preached until 1847. Rev. Daniel Gans next became pastor from 1848 to 1850 (thirteen months), and was followed by Rev. Samuel Kuhn, from 1851 to 1863. In 1863 the Zion's Reformed congregation was united with St. David's, and it ceased to be a regular meeting;- place. The Lutheran ministers were as follows : Rev. Jolin G. Butler, 1780 to 1788 ; Rev. Timothy Kuhl, 1788 to 179(5 : Rev. John Herbst, 1790 to 1801; Rev. Frederick Sanno, 1802 to 1809 ; Rev. John F. Osterloh, 1809 to 1815 ; Rev. Benjamin Keller, 181(5 to 1827 ; Rev. L. H. Meyer, one year ; Rev. John W. Heim, 1829 to 1849 ; Rev. John P. Heister, of Petersburg charge, to which the congregation had been attached, 1850 to 1853 ; Rev. George A. Nixdorf, 1854 to 1858; Rev. William H. Diven, 1858 to 1862 ; Rev. Kinsel, six months ; Rev. Samuel Aughey (now Professor Aughey, LL.D., of Lincoln, Neb.), 1863 to 1864; Rev. M. L. Culler, 1865 to 1866; Rev. J. E. Honeycutt, 1867 to 1870. Since the latter's ministiy the Lutheran con- gregation has not been regularly served. Mount Pisgah Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This church is located on the south- east bank of Sherman's Creek, near the site of what used to be known as Sutch's school- house, built between 1775 and 1780, and connected with it is a grave-yard, in which many of the early settlers were buried. The Lutheran families of this vicinity first attended preaching at Carlisle and later at Mount Zion Church, in Fishing Creek Valley, qnd at St. Peter's, Spring township. They had preaching occasionally at Reiber's school-house until about 1830. Some of them were ignorant of the German language and after attending services at Carlisle for several years, in response to their request for ministerial attention. Revs. Keller and Heyser preached for them while they had pastoral charge at Carlisle. In 1838, Rev. John Ulrich, of Carlisle, became their first pas- tor, and preached regularly every four weeks. The congregation was organized in 1 839. Abraham Jacobs, on the 12th of February, 1842, roperty at sheritf's sale. For an account of the tracts of land on which the other settlements of Duncannon are now lo- cated, and the rise and progress of the Duncan- non Iron-Works, reference is made to the his- tory of Penn township. For the physicians who located here, an account will be found in the medical chapter of the county. The Duncannon Record was established in ]871, by A. J. Hauck, of Mcchanicsbnrg, as a folio sheet, twenty-six by thirty inches, neutral ill politics, and issued weekly. It passed through several hands, and is now owned by John L. McCaskey, who changed its politics to Republican, and enlarged it to an eight-page (juarto, twenty-six by forty inch sheet. The Presbyterian CHrKcii. — Among: the earliest Scotch-Irish settlers in the valley was tiie desire to establish the Calvinistic creed, and tiie Donegal Presbytery sent supply pastors, at intervals, to this section, at the request of the settlers, as early as the middle of the eighteenth century. On March 10, 1803, a regular call was extended to Rev. James Brady, of Carlisle, by the Presbyterians in this section, in connec- tion M'ith those of Middle Ridge and Sherman's Creek, to have regular services. The)' were held, in this section, above William Irwin's store, in a stone house, until the next year, when, on the plot of ground purcha.sed of Cor- nelius Baskins, on the eminence at the mouth of the Juniata River, a log chnrch twenty-five by thirty feet, was built and dedicated to relig- ious worship, Miss Mary Kirkpatrick being the first child baptized within its walls. Here the church flourished in the sparsely- settled district under the administration of their pastor, who labored in the mission work, while engaged in his regular duties as well as those of teaching young men in an academy on his farm, now owned by Jacob Miller. (A few Lombardy poplars are the only living monu- ment of this spot.) His pastorate closed with his death, April 24, 1821, and his remains were laid where the shadows of his loved sanc- tuary fell in the afternoons of the early cen- tury, and are now marked by a marble slab. About this time the pioneer Sunday-school of the county was organized under the auspices of Mrs. Campbell and her daughters, INIiss Miller and Mrs. AVilliam Irwin. The books were brought in a canoe, poled all the wav from Harrisburg by John Harris, father of Castle- berry and Henderson Harris. Rev. Cornelius Louffhran served the cong-re- gation for a short time, when, November 1, 1826, Rev. John Niblock was called, and preached until his death, August 30, 1830. He was buried at Middle Ridge. In January, J 831, Rev. Matthew Patter- son came to labor, and remained till Octobir 1844, when the churches were in the hands of supplies until Rev. Charles B. McClay was installed, in 1847. During the pastorate of Rev. Patterson, who was also a pioneer in the temperance cause, the town had grown in importance, and the regu- lar services were held in the new building on (now) High Street, which was erected in 1840- 41, and dedicated in August, 1841. The Sun- day-school was held for a while in the old building, until the new school building was built in town, when it was held there until removed to the new church. Occasional service PERRY COUNTY. 1077 was also held in the old church, until an April gale in 1856 laid the old structure in ruins. The burial-ground was also enlarged by pur- chase of an additional tract of land adjoining the old yard, for twenty dollars in gold. Rev. McClay dissolved his pastorate in 1848. In 1849 Rev. Hezekiah Hanson was a supply until October, 1853, when he was duly installed as the regular pastor, and served until 1856, when Rev. William B. Craig was called, who, in addition to his labors, established a congre- gational library iu the church. His pastoral charge was dissolved June 11, 1867, and his successor. Rev. William B. Thompson, was in- stalled in September of the next year. Under the influence of this mighty man of God the church grew abundantly and prospered as it never had before, and although he resigned in September of 1873, the prosperity contin- ued under his successor. Rev. Geo. Robinson, who was installed May 1, 1874, and labored until May 13, 1877. After him came the Rev. W. W. Downey, whose pastorate closed Octo- ber 3, 1880. Rev. James Gilland, his successor, remained as pastor until April 9, 1884. The church has been supplied by various pastors until in November of 1885, when a call was tendered to Rev McCurdy and accepted. Elders of the Duncannon Church were or- dained as follows : Isaac Kirkpatrick, 1804; John Woodburn, 1804; William Patterson, 1804; George McGinnes, 1804; William Irvin, 1826 ; John Hearsh, 1826 ; Samuel AVillis, 1826 ; Jacob Steele, 1826 ; James Wilson, 1826; Robert Galley, 1826; John Mineer, 1845; Thomas White, 1845 ; John Shoemaker, 1853 ; John F. Keesbury, 1853 ; William J. Stewart, 1853; James Moore, 1853 ; David Steele, 1853 ; Moses Kirkpatrick, 1871; Alexander G. White, 1875; John Graham, 1875 ; George Jacobs, 1875 ; Thomas Milliken, S. L. Shull, John Hurps. The Methodist Church from 1809-86. — About a quarter of a mile back from the Sus- quehanna River, on the farm now owned by William Morrison, lived one of the pioneers in the settlement, and the first one in the vicinity who opened his house as well his heart for the preaching of the Word according to the Methodist feith. Here, in 1809, at Abraham Young's home, preachers were entertained and the laity gathered from far and near to hear the cause of the comparatively new faith proclaimed, and which old building stands unoccupied back of a modern residence. This (Young's) was one of the four appoint- ments in the Juniata Circuit at that time ; the other three were Liverpool, Alex. Shortess, near Shermansdale, and Pfoutz Valley, and in 1809 were regularly supplied by Revs. Michael Borge and Allen Green ; in 1810, John Thomas ; 1811, John Gill Watt; 1812, Nathan Lodge; 1813-14, John Thomas; 1815, David Stevens; 1816, William Butler and Morris Hoes; 1817, John Everhart ; 1818, James Moor; 1819, Robert Cadden ; 1820, John Henry; 1821, Israel Cook; 1822, Thomas McGee, N. B. INIill and Jacob B. Shepherd ; 1823, Thomas McGee and John Gier ; 1824, Robert Minshall and John A. Gier; 1825, Ja- cob R. Shepherd and J. William Pool. In 1826, Jacob R. Shepherd and Jonathan Munroe were ministers and met with varied success. At this time Christian Young owned the tract now the Charles Godcharles farm, and do- nated, on a high and beautiful site a few rods north of his uncle's house, a plot of ground for the purpose of a "hurying-ground " and erect- ing a " meeting'-house." The growing: congre- gation took hold of the project, and under the administration of their pastors and their first official board of trustees, — i. e., Christ. Young, John L. Morgan, John Young, Sr., and Henry Branyan, — the work was soon completed on the southeast corner of the lot, and in 1827 a twenty by twenty feet building faced the road with its one door ; and in the same year the building, with its rude high pulpit and slab seats, was dedicated to the service of the Al- mighty by Rev. John Smith and Oliver Ege. At the time of erecting the meeting-house on the Young property on the hill, this appoint- ment was on the Concord Circuit, which ex- tended thoughout Perry County to Concord, in Franklin County, and from thence to Mifflin- town, in Juniata County. In 1840, the trustees, finding need of a larger and more convenient place of worship, the old church was sold to Jacob Keiser, chairman of the school board, for the purpose of a school 1078 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. building. After using this house for school pur- poses for a few years it was sold to Jacob Clay, who used its logs for building a stable in Peters- burg. A lot fronting in Petersburg, on Higli Street, and extending back to Church Alley, was pur- chased of Jacob Clay for one hundred dollars, and the trustees began the erection of a church, costing about thirteen hundred dollars, which is still in use. On New Year's day of 1841 the work was done and the new building consecrat- ed to divine service by Professor (now Bishop) Bowman and Professor John McCliutock (after- wards missionary to Rome), both then of Dick- inson College. They were brought over in a sleigh from Carlisle, by George Bruner for this occasion. The official board at this time was Jacob Bruner, Sr., Jonathan Beck, Henry Branyau, Abner Van Fossen and George Bruner (all de- ceased, except the last-named), who found it necessary to dispose of two lots of the church property in order to defray expenses, one being sold to Joiin Glass and the other to Robert Jones, Sr. Here the church grew and prospered under the charge of pastors hereinafter named, and the cona;reo;ation now numbers two hundred and twenty-five souls. In 1882 a handsome and commodious parson- age was erected by the side of the church, at a cost of three thousand dollars. The church property is valued at about three thousand dol- lars. The present board of stewards are J. Eshel- niau, C. H. Hochlander, Robert Jones, David McCoy, Daniel Rife, Jacob Keel, William Page, William Parsons, George Bruner, James Ny- cura. The present board of trustees are Thomas Miller, Robert Jones, George Pennell, Samuel Sheller, Henry Brown, J. McKinzcy, William Brown, Joshua Gladden. The old " Young burying-ground " on the hill is full of graves, and the mounds of the graves of hundreds who once worshijiped within the walls of the old log church are the only monuments of this old congregation, save Mr. George Bruner, who, in his seventy-fifth year. resides in Duncannon, and helped build the fence for the old grave-yard in 1832, and in 1884 inclosed the same lot with a barb-wire fence. PenneWs Methodist Episcopal Church. — In the year 1845 Andrew Pennell donated a lot on his farm, in Wheatfield township, about three miles north of Duncannon, for the pur- pose of erecting a Methodist Church. Robert Jones, George Bruner and Andrew Pennell were appointed a building committee, and, in a short time, acomfortable stone church was erect- ed and dedicated. It is regularly supj)lied by the pastor of the Duncannon Church, and has a small membership. The property belongs to the Duncannon Church. Dunemi's Island 3Iethodtst Episcopal Church. — At an early day Rebecca Duncan, of Dun- can's Island, had opened her house for preach- ins; and entertaining- ministers. Afterwards she prevailed upon the trustees of the school district to add an upper story to their new school build- ing at her expense, which was done, and she generously donated the same as a church to the Methodists in that vicinity. Regular services were held in it until the great flood of 1865 (February 20th) washed it away. The following is a list of the pastors who have served this charge from 1828 to the pres- ent time : In 1828, John Forrish and John Smith ; 1829, Jon- athan Munroe and Henry Tarrii.g ; 1830, Edward Allen and Allen Britten ; 1831, Thomas Taneyhill and Zechariah Jorden ; 1832, David Thomas and Daniel Hartman ; 1833, Wesley Howe and David Thomas; 1834, Jacob McAlly and John Wosborn ; 1835, Thomas S. Harding and Robert T. Nixon ; 183(i, John Hodge and George Berkstresser ; 1837, Da- vid Shaver and Jesse Stansbury ; 1838, David Shaver and John M. Green ; 1833, Peter McEnally and John Lanahan ; 18-10, Peter McEnally and Jo- seph S. Morris ; 1841, Joseph Parker and John Mc- Clay ; 1842, Charles McClay and Joseph Parker ; 1843, Wm. H. Enos and E. Teal ; 1844, Wm. Eiios and Wm. F. Pentz; 1845, F. Dyson and John Ewing; 184(5, F. Dyson and W. W. Memingcr ; 1847, Robert T. Nixon and John Thrush; 1848, George Berkstresser and Wm. Harden ; 1849, George Berkstresser and John Loyde ; 1850, Oliver Ege and W. Champion ; 1851, Oliver Ege and James Beatty ; 1852, Wesley Howe and David C. Wertz; 1853, Wesley Howe and H. C. Westwood; 1854, W. II. Mills and Job Price; i PEKRY COUNTY. 1079 1855, W. R. Mills and R. E. Wilson ; 1856, G. Steven- son and W. F. Keith (at the close of the Conference year of 1856 Petersburg was separated frorn Newport and made a Station) ; 1857-58, T. D. Gotwalt ; 1859-60, John Stine; 1861-62, D. Hartman; 1863, S. L. McCowrer ; 1864-65, James Brads ; 1866-67-68, B. H. Gibson; 1869-70, G. T. Gray; 1871-72-73, C. Graham ; 1874, G. Leidy ; 1875-76-77, W. T. Keith ; 1878-79, W. Rink; 1880, McCord; 1881-2, J. Ellis Bell; 1883, B. F. Stevens; 1884-85, B. F. Stevens. Christ's Lutheran Church. — A number of Lutheran families settled at Petersburg and its vicinity soon after tlie town was located. These had no church of their own nearer than New Buffalo or Fishing Creek, both some five or eight miles off. It was chieflv through the exertions of Dr. Philip Ebert that they secured a pastor. When the West Pennsylvania Synod held its sessions at New Bloomfield in September, 1842, he prevailed on Rev. Berg to visit Peters- burg and the members scattered along the west bank of the Susquehanna as far up as Liverpool. This was the beginning of the forming of the congregation at Petersburg. In November, 1842, Rev. Andrew Berg commenced his pastoral la- bors in the Methodist Episcopal Church, every four weeks. At the close of December, 1842, the congregation was regularly organized, when the following members were elected and install- ed as its officers : Elder, George Keim ; Deacons, Jonathan Michener and Dr. Philip Ebert. At its first communion, held on the 1st of January, 1843, the congregation consisted of seventeen members. On the 4th day of June, 1843, the first class of catechumens, numbering eighteen persons, was received as members of the congregation by confirmation. Rev. Berg resigned in June, 1843, and in October, 1843, Rev. L. T. Williams became the pastor. A building committee, consisting of Andrew Hantz, Dr. P. Ebert and Edward ]\Iil- ler, was appointed, and, on May 19, 1844, the corner-stone of the new building was laid. This new structure, built of stone, and forty feet square, was dedicated on the 10th day of No- vember, 1844. Rev. Williams resigned in September, 1845, and his successor, Rev. Lloyd Knigiit, entered upon his duties as pastor October 1, 1845. Rev. Knight resigned in June, 1849, and was succeeded in July, 1849, by Rev. Jacob Martin. In February, 1850, the Petersburg (now Dnncannon) congregation was, with Mount Pis- gah. Mount Zion, in Fishing Creek, St. David's (or Billow's), at Dellville, and that at New Buf- falo, formed into a pastorate. In June, 1850, Rev. Martin resigned, and Rev. John P. Hies- ter took charge of the newly-formed pastorate. Rev. Hiester resigned in November, 1853, and in June, 1854, Rev. George A. Nixdorff suc- ceeded him. Rev. Nixdorff resigned in Mav, 1858, and Rev. W. H. Diven took charge Au- gust 22, 1858. An extensive revival in religion in 1860 resulted in the addition of many mem- bers to the congregation. Rev. Diven resigned in 1862, and on Janu- uary 1, 1863, one Rev. Kinsel came upon the ground as pastor, and left July 1, 1863. On the 5th of August, 1863, Rev. S. Aughe (now Prof. S. Aughe, LL.D., of Lincoln, Neb.) became the pastor, and resigned on the 6th of November, 1864. January 22, 1865, his successor. Rev. M. L. Culler, came upon the ground, and after about two years of service resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. J. E. Honeycutt, April 1, 1867. The records give the name of Rev. M. L. Heisler as a supply in 1870. The next reg- ular pastor was Rev. P. B. Sherk, who resign- ed in November, 1873. Rev. S. E. Herring now comes in as a supply, the next regular pastor being Rev. J. J. Kerr, who resigned about the close of the year 1878. It was, per- haps, about the close of 1882 when Rev. G. W. Crist, Rev. Kerr's successor, resigned. The congregation was now for a short time supplied by Rev. A. F. Yeager, and from August, 1883, to January 1, 1884, by Rev. H. F. Long. On the 1st day of January, 1884, Rev. H. F. Long be- came the regular pastor, and at this date (October 19, 1885) continues to serve the charge, now con- sisting of Christ's Church, in Duncannon, the old Billow's Church, at Dellville and Marys- ville as a preaching-point. In June, 1885, the old square stone church of Duncannon was torn down, and on the 2d day of August, 1885, the corner-stone for a new church building was laid ; Rev. A. H. Fischer preached the sermon. 1080 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. It was dedicated November 29, 1885, with ap- propriate services conducted by the pastor aud the Revs. H. F. Long, J. J. Kerr, of Alloona, and J. H. Menges, of Philadelphia. It is a frame structure, thirty-four by fifty-five, with Gothic door and windows, tower in front and centre, and cost about two thousand six hun- dred dollars. The building committee consists of S. H. Moses, Jolm Shively and B. F. West ; the last-named is also the contractor. Present church council : Elders, Samuel Noss and Jonathan Michener ; Deacons, Philip F. Michener and H. C. Renz ; Trustees, S. H. Moses, Jonathan Michener and P. F. Michener. The congregation has suffered much loss and numbers only fifty members. It is united with the Synod of Central Pennsylvania, one of the District Synods belonging to the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States. The German Reformed Church. — From the St. David plant at Dellville (which see) many persons in this vicinity lifted their membership and on the IGth of May, 1868, organized this society in the United Presbyterian Church, which had been erected in 1852. The building which the congregation then purchased was used, and is still in good condi- tion, aud will accommodate two hundred and fifty persons. Among its first members, Lewis Harling, John Achenbach, James Kass and Frederick Wahl, Sr., are still in active membership. The former two, as trustees, have held the position of trustees since the organization. The firstelders were, Frederick Wahl, Sr., and George F. Moyer ; deacons, Lewis Sommers and John Achenbach. The present board of elders are John Achenbach, George Martin and Lewis Sommers. The deacons are Dr. John U. Hoobach, Frederick Wahl, Jr. and Henry Gelbach. Rev. W. D. C. Rodrock, Rev. Henry Wiss- ler, Rev.U. H. Heilman with the present pastor. Rev. James R. Lewis, are the successive pastors from its date of organization. The United Brethren Conoregation. — About twenty members of the United Brethren in Christ constituted the membership which built and dedicated the first building on Church Avenue in 1851, with Rev. Wm. Raber, now deceased, as their pastor. The building was repaired several times, and in 1884 was remodeled, repainted and i-ededi- cated. Its first official board was Jesse Owen, N. Reed, John Snyder aud E. Fenstermacher. At different times the congregation has suf- fered severely, many of its members removing to the West. Despite this it has grown and prospered and now has a membership of one hundred and fifty persons, with Rev. A. R. Ayer.s, of the Pennsylvania Conference, as its pastor. John Snyder, George Wetzell, Wm. C. Shatto, George Morris, S. Roller, David Spense, John Parsons, L. Gintzer, I. Seiders, Harry Smiley, Charles Glass aud Cornelius Baskins coustitute its present official board. Church of God. — In the month of May, 1871, Edgar Graybill secured the use of the Lower Duncannon school-house for the purpose of having Rev. J. M. Speece, of Shippensburg, to preach to the few members of his faith then in this community. The meetings were well attended and Elder G. W. Selheimer alternated during the year. In 1872, Elder J. Cooper was appointed by the East Penn.sylvania Eldership, and began a re- vival in June which prospered and added a number of new meiubers to the society, which then aggregated twenty-nine souls. Among these members a local organization was effected, and Edgar Graybill and Henry Clay were chosen elders and Christian Keene, John Keene, Wm. Mutzabaugh and Josiah Manning deacons. The question of building a house of worship was settled bv purchasing for two hundred dol- lars a lot on Lincoln Street and erecting a sub- stantial Bethel. Rev. John Hunter was the pastor from 1874 to 1876; Rev. R. M. Pine, April, 1876, to August, 1876, when he resigned from ill liealth, and Elder S. B. Howard filled his unexpired term. At this time H. Clay, E. Graybill and J. Berkstresser were elected elders and J. Manning, Samuel Fissell and B. R. Boyer as deacons. Rev. J. M. Grissinger was the next pastor, who alternated with I. M. Still until April 1, 187!», when Rev. ( i. W. Coulter took charge until 1881. PERRY COUNTY. 1081 During Rev. C. I. Behney's year of pastoral care, who came next, J. R. Sliellenberger and Jacob Sterner were elected deacons. From April until November of 1882 Rev. AY. J. Cireissinger served, when Rev. J. W. Miller took charge and filled the position of pastor until November 15, 1885, when his successor, the present incumbent, Rev. O. E. Huston, was called to fill this field of labor. The present elders are B. R. Boyer, E. Graybill and H. Clay; deacons are William Morrison, Elmer E. Holland and Levi Burch. Evergreen Lodge, No. 205, of the In- dependent Order of Odd-Fellciws, was in- stituted in Petersburg (now Duncauuou) on No- vember 26, 1846. It was organized by the following-named officers, viz. : W. J. Stewart, Noble Grand ; Wm. Allison, Vice-Grand ; Joseph D. Simpson, Secretary; John Charters, Assistant Secretary ; John Shearer, Treasurer. The number of members initiated into this lodge up to October 1, 1885, 426; number of deaths during that time, 52 ; the number of members in regular standing October 1, 1885, 126. The present officers are as follows: H. D. White, Noble Grand ; John N. Wert, Vice- Grand ; B. Hale Branyan, Secretary ; David E. Wert, Assistant Secretary ; Samuel Sheller,Treas- urer ; Representative to the Grand Lodge of the State of Pennsylvania, P. G. John H. McKinzie. No prouder monument of its usefulness can be given than its records give us in showing that for the relief of its sick, burying its dead and aiding widows and educating orphans it has expended $19,650. In connection with this lodge is the now flourishing Clara Rebecca Lodge, No. 65, named in honor of Grand Sire Nicholson's daughter Clara. It was instituted in 1872, but suspended for a time and was reorganized in May, 1885. The present officers are: Noble Grand, Miss Josie B. Michener; Vice-Grand, !Miss Annie Hochlander ; Secretary, Miss Maud Miller ; As- sistant Secretary, ; Treasurer, Mrs. Harry Jones; Conductor, Miss Emma Young ; Inside Guardian, Mrs. Lizzie Miller ; Outside Guardian, Crist Mutzabaugh ; Warden, David McCoy. The object is for social im- provement and charitable purposes. Vautleburg Lodge, No. 288, Knights OF Pythias. — In the hall of Mechanics' Lodge, room, on April 8, 1871, this lodge was form- ally instituted by T. J. Sheibley, D. D. G. C, with thirty-one membei"s, and \vas officered as fol- lows : P. G, Alex. Hayes ; C. C, James Morri- son ; V. C, Geo. W. Derick ; M. A., Edgar Grabill ; K. R. S., J. W. Brown ; M. F., J. B. Spahr ; M. of E., Jos. Mayall ; I. G., Geo. W. Shearer ; O. G., C. W. Ruby. The regular raeeting-s were held here until April, 1880. The room now in use in the Sheller building, on High Street, was fitted up for their place of meeting. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, having buried but seven of its members since organization. It meets every Saturday evening in its hall, and is officered at present with A. J. Hinkle, P. C. ; S. Fissell, C. C. ; E. B. Coup, V. C. ; C. A. Jones, P. ; J. W. Wilson, M. of A. ; G. W. Derick, K. R. S. ; J. G. Kugler, M. F. ; H. J. Jones, M. E. ; W. I. Reed, I. G. ; W. B. Yoke (deceased), O. G. Perry Council of American Mechan- ics.— In the basement of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, on July 2, 1847, was instituted one of the first orders in Duncannon. The officers were as follows : Roswell Shirtluff, Coun- cilor ; W^illiam Bishop, Vice-Councilor ; Frank- lin Tile, Rec. Sec. ; Irwin Chisholm, Asst. Sec. ; James De Silvey, Financial Sec. ; and John De Silvey, Treasurer. After several years of prosperity the tide turned and the council suspended until January 10, 1859, and on the day after Christmas, in 1863, the large and commodious hall erected by the council on High Street was dedicated. The present officers are John W. Parson, Coun- cilor, with Isaac Beam as Vice, while Thomas Milliken, Alexander Drummonds and B. Hale Branyan fill the positions of Recording, Assist- ant and Financial Secretaries respectively, with George Pennell as Treasurer. Red Men (Juskakaka Tribe, No. 96). — Three days before New Year's of 1869 Past Sachem John A. Shearer, of Marysville Lodge, instituted the tribe of Red Men known as Juskakaka Tribe, in the Fleming building, on Front Street. The charter granted bore the 1082 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. names of eighteen members, and the new lodge was officered as follows : Sachem, John A. Shearer ; Senior Sagamore, William Shiras ; Junior Sagamore, William A. Van Fossen ; Prophet, John Belton ; Chief of Records, P. F. Michener ; Keeper of Wampum, R. W. Reed. The next year the place of meeting was changed to Odd-Fellows' Hall, where they continued to meet until the lodge suspended, a few years later. In 1883 it reorganized and now has a member- ship of seventy-five. It meets every Tuesday evening and its present official board is : Sachem, W. F. Shaub ; Sr. S., C. B. Snyder ; Jr. S., J. A. Shearer, Jr. ; Prophet, S. A. Foose ; Keeper of Wampum, W. A. Van Fossen. Lieutenant William Allison Post, No. 196, G. A. R. — This post was organized Oc- tober 2, 1880, with W. V. B. Copiu, of Mifflin- town, J. R. Cockley and James Sultzman as mustering officers. Forty-four comrades formed the post. The following persons constituted its first official board : Harvey Fisher, post com- mander; J. A. Young, senior vice-commander; J. M. Graybill, junior vice-commander ; G. W. Derick, adjutant; H. J. Jones, quartermaster; J. H. Bleistine, surgeon ; J. H. Young, chap- lain ; C. C. Derick, officer of the day ; Thomas Green, officer of the guard; J. P. Long, sergeant- major; W. A. Holland, quartermaster-sergeant. The post meets every other week in iMeclianics' Hall and has collected a museum of war relics. Besides doing a work of charity, the post pays special attention to the burial of soldiers and sailors and seeing to the welfare of their or- phans. The following is a list of the present officers : William A. Holland, post commander; H. J. Jones, senior vice-commander; C. C. Derick, junior vice-commander ; J. Johnston, adjutant ; J. G. Kugler, quartermaster ; S. Smitli, sur- geon ; H. F. Long, chaplain ; G. W. Enney, officer of the day ; J. Manning, officer of the guard ; ( !. Ruby, representative; G. ^\^ Enney, alternate ; G. W. Derick, council of adminis- ti-ation. The Fiue Department is lacking in a prop- erly organized society to operate the hand fire- engine, whicli has a room, with its hose and fix- tures, in the town hall at the present time. It was purchased, about 1879, by a subscription made up by the citizens, and the company was organized with Thomas Milliken as president and Samuel H. Moses as secretary and W. J. Righter as captain. The streets were first lighted by regular street-lamps in 1882, when a set of lamps, using kerosene oil, were erected. DuNCANNON History Sketches. — On the 17th, 18th and 19th of March, 1865, Duncan- uon was inundated along the Susquehanna side to a considerable depth. The lower stories of the dwellings, on the evening of the 18th, were filled to the depth of five or six feet of water. Outside of the loss of poultry and hogs and the cost of re-plastering, re-papering and re-paint- ing the rooms and carting the mud from the half-filled cellars, no serious damage was done by this greatest flood on the Susquehanna of the present century. On Duncan's Island this flood endangered human life, owing to its rapid rising. Jerome Roth hurried his sick wife and children to a place of safety in a carriage, which he pulled himself, while the water was up to his waist, and the cakes of floating ice frequently made him struggle for his life. A Methodist Church, with two school-rooms underneath, was swept away at the same time. The Juni- ata bridge was washed away and the Duncannon Iron Company's train of cars, which had been run on it for a ballast, went down with it. The company's warehouse, on the other side of the river, also was destroyed. The 4th and 5th of January, 1886, was when Sherman's Creek scored its highest mark, being then thirteen inches higher than the great flood of 1809, and i-eached the high- water mark on the old Gibson stone grist-mill ("Westover "), near Falling Springs, iu 1780, when the water rose to such a height as to run in its lower door. It was tiie result of a three-days' rain and melting snow combined, which destroyed seven bridges in its course through the county, and washed out a pier under the Penn.sylvaniA Railroad bridge at its mouth, and caused tlie precipitation of a freight train into its flood on the night of the 4th. By this disaster R. M. Turbett, brakeman, Anthony Baldwin, con- PERRY COUNTY. 1083 ductor, and Henry McCahan, assistant conduc- tor, all of Huntingdon, Pa., lost their lives. The engineer of the train and John S. Miller, of the Duneannon's Iron Company's train, were swept down with the flood and hauled in to shore by some Allen's Cove citizens. The body of McCahan was swept down with the flood, and up to the present writing has not been re- covered. On Tuesday night, February 12, 1867, the vault and safe in the office of the Duncannon Iron Company were blown open by a gang of deft burglars, and ten thousand dollars in cash and about six thousand dollars in bonds and other valuables were carried off. The operation of " cracking " the vault and safe was so dex- terously performed that nothing wrong was sus- pected until the next morning. The explosion of the powder, when the doors were blown open, was attributed to the frequent explosions of " balls " in the puddle-mill adjoining, by those who heard it, and the burglars left as they came — unobserved. An excejjtion in the case was " Jimmie Hope," who was observed by John Dudley to get off the afternoon train on the opposite side from the depot. These parties chanced to meet again months afterwards in an underground saloon in Philadelphia, when James mentioned a trifling occurrence in Dud- ley's presence, which led to his arrest in a water- closet, where he had taken refuge. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to three years in the penitentiary. Another one of the gang was caught but not convicted. CHAPTEE XVII. CENTRE TOWNSHIP.' The territory forming Centre township was taken from Juniata, Wheatfield, Tyrone and Saville townships. A petition signed by about ninety inhabitants, residing in parts of the town- ships above mentioned, was presented to the ' A description of the topography of the township will be found in the geological sketch of Perry County, by Profes- sor Claypole, published in 1885 as part of the State Sur- vey. Court of Quarter Sessions held at NewBloomfield in November, 1830, asking for the erection of a new township. Robert Elliot, James Black, j Esq., and William Wilson, Esq., were appointed viewers, who report to the court April 7, 1831, as follows : I " To the Honorable the Court of Quarter Sessions, j of Perry County. We, the subscribers appointed by the within order, report : That after being severally sworn and affirmed according to law, we proceeded to the discharge of the duties assigned us by the an- nexed order. That we did view the townships out of which the proposed new township is to be erected. That we made inquiry into the propriety of granting the prayer of the petitioners. " That we have made a plot or draft of the several townships out of which the proposed new township is to be erected. That we are of opinion that a new town- ship is necessary for the convenience of the inhabi- tants and that the prayer of the petitioners ought to be granted ; that we have designated in the same plot or draft the lines or boundaries of the new township prepared to be erected by natural boundaries and courses and distances, all of which will fully appear by the annexed plot or draft. " Witness our hands and seals this 19th day of March, 1831. " Robert Elliot. " William Wilson. "William Irvine." This report was confirmed August 4, 1831, and the township was named Centre. It has since been reduced by tlie erection of Carroll, Spring, Oliver and Miller townships, all of which took a part of its territory. At the time the township was erected it con- tained three hundred and sixty-one taxables, and but one grist-mill, which was owned by George Barnett, who also had a saw-mill. Joseph Gaunt, James Hill and Michael Shuman each were assessed with a saw-mill. William Power, Sr., and Jr., were in possession of the " Juniata Furnace." Early Settlements. — William Stewart, if not the earliest, was among the first to settle upon land that was held by the family for many years. He came from Newry, Ireland, in Octo- ber, 1752, with his parents, Archibald and Mar- garet Stewart, and a brother John. A receipt and certificate here given are in possession of J. ' On January 5, 1830, William Irvine, of Saville, was ap- pointed viewer in of James Black. 1084 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Stewart Lukens, of Thoiupsontown, who is a lineal desceudant, — "Received of Archibald Stewart the sum of 12 pounds sterling in full for his passage and three other passengers on board the ship ' Happey Return,' this 3d of July, 1752. " Robert Walker." " This is to certify that the Bearer, Archibald Stew- art, came over from Newry, in Ireland, to this port, on board the ship ' Happy Return,' James Boggs, master, and has paid his passage on board said ship. Dated this 10th of October, 1752, as also his family, Margaret Stewart, William Stewart and John Stewart. " James Boggs." The family came to Cumberland County in September, 1753, stopping at Duncan's Island, where there were some families living. They were told of some land on the Little Juniata Creek and went up to the place, where they found an " improvement," on which was a bark house, made by a man who was trading fire- water for furs with the Indians. This improve- ment Archibald Stewart bought. Of John nothing more is known, nor is it known when Archibald or his wife, Margaret, died. William was then a young man and active in the location and clearing of the land on which they settled. They were driven off by the Indians, as were all the settlers in that section. The following affidavits were taken for a suit that grew out of the land about 1801 and are here given : " Affidavit of James Mitchell, taken before David Redich, Prothonotary of Washington County, Pa., October 19, 1801, and was read before the Board of Property, which met at Lancaster : "In September, 1753, Willi.am Stewart, father of John (party to the suit), made an improvement, which was the first made in that part of the County, on a tract of land now lying in Cumberland County, Pa., bounded as follows : Beginning at the mouth of Stewart's Branch of Little Juniata (Creek) ; then northerly, to a Gap in the Mahonoi Mountain, and not to cross said mountain, which line was agreed be- tween John Mitchell, father of the deponent, who assisted Stewart in building a house on said tract some time in the fall of 1753, and Stewart moved in with his family the next Spring, cleared ground and raised a crop that season." The following affidavit is given as bearing on the same point : " Cumberland County : " Personally appeared before me, Samuel Utter, Esq., one of the .lustices of the Peace for the C Wealth of Pennsylvania, David Miller, and on his sol- emn oath Deposeth and saith that in the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six this deponent seen a small improvement made at the head of a Spring near to where there is a house Raised, Called the Bark Tavern, in Rye township, and county afore- said; the said spring is about ten perches from the house and the Improvement part between the Spring iind house. Said Deponent understands that a cer- tain William Stewart did claim said land, and him and heirs had said place in possession ever since and further saith not. " David Miller. 'Sworn and subscribed, June 2, 1801, before me, "Samuel Utter, at Millertown." William Stewart, in both the above affidavits, is mentioned as the active party, and it is likely he it was who located the land. Elizabetii Stewart, wife of William, in an affidavit made before David Walker, one of the justices of the peace for the county of Mifflin says, — " Elizal.)eth Stewart on her solemn oath Deposeth and saith that some time in the year 1765, she, the said Deponent, come with her husband, William Stewart, fixther of this plaintiff, John Stewart, to the plantation adjoining the west end of the Bark tract, south of the Mahonoi Mountain, on both sides of the Little Juniata Creek in Rye township, then Tyrone, Cumberland County, where there was a field cleared and a cabin in or adjoining the same on the north side of the creek and one other field on the south side of the creek which the said William Stewart had cleared and occupied a number of years before, and was ban- ished by the Indians in Cumberland Valley, below Carlisle, where the said William Stewart, and I, the deponent, joined in the bands of matrimony, and in the summer of 1766 he cleared a field in the fork of the aforesaid creek pretty far norwest, near the west line, and was assisted by a certain John Dungan in clearing said field, by which it was called Dungan's field and retains the name ever since ; and in the same fall of 1766 we came to Juniata and left the possession with a certain John Buger and has kept the possession by tenants til! his death .and his heirs by tenants every since. her " Elizabeth s Stewart. mark "Sworn and subscribed at Andrew Thompson's, in Thompsontown, Greenwood township, in Mifflin County, at 8 o'clock in the forenoon of this 3d day of August, 1810. "David Walker." The land in dispute contained three liundred and forty-eight acres, and was known a.s the Bark Tavern tract. PERRY COUNTY. 1085 The settlement was made here in 1753, be- fore the Indian purchase of July, 1754. They were all driven off by the Indians in 1756, as were all settlers. In 1761 William Stewart went up the Big Juniata to what is now Dela- ware township, Juniata County, and bought a tract now owned by his descendants. He made application for one hundred and fifty acres, on which he settled in 1753 and received a war- rant dated October 29, 1765, and which, when surveyed, September 29, 1769, contained one hundred and five acres. The Mahanoy Ridge wa.s on the north and the Little Juniata Creek ran through it. East of this tract and up the creek on both sides was a tract warranted by Archibald Stewart. Vacant lands were on the south, and down the stream were lands claimed by a gentlemen named Little. William Stewart moved to Big Juniata in 1766, and died there in 1784. His son John obtained the lands and, November 17, 1809, warranted one hundred and fifty acres. There was a dispute over the lands in 1801, which caused its presentation to the Board of Property. The title to the lands of William and Archibald Stewart and the lands he warranted became vested in John Stewart, and were patented to him March 15, 1811, containing three hundred and forty-eight acres. Owing to some difficulty they were sold to Charles Wingert, and later at sheriff's sale, April 9, 1829, and were bought by John Stew- art, whose sons — David and A^'illiam Stewart — sold the tract to Benjamin Mclntire and Josiah Roddy. The old Bark Tavern stood at the corner of Mrs. John Sanderson's lot. The Stewart prop- erty was rented, and it was not ascertained when Jacob Fritz first kept the old Bark Tavern, but it was before 1820, when he was appointed the first register and receiver of Perry County. John Fritz then succeeded him in the tavern until about 1880, when the " New Bark Tavern " was built of logs opposite the present stone res- idence of Andrew B. Comp. The Fritz property was advertised for sale by Israel and Richard Fritz February 16, 1832, and embraced three hundred and fifty acres of land, including the mansion-house, long known by the name of the "New Bark Inn." March 8, 1755, James Dixson took out a war- rant for fifty-five acres, which later became part of the Neilson lands. The stone house standing on this tract was built in 1767. He took out a warrant May 28, 1788, for two hundred and twenty acres, and on September 26th patented fifty-five acres as " Dixson 's Park," and on the 27th two hundred and twenty acres as "St. James." These two tracts of land Dixson sold, Decem- ber 24, 1788, to William Neilson. He came from Chester County several years previous and kept a tavern at Sterrett's Gap and lived there several years. Before this purchase he warranted, on June 14, 1786, two hundred and fifty acres by John Darlington, James Dixson and " Limestone Ridge," whichlie patented Sep- tember 13, 1787, and warrants September 11, 1787, and May 27, 1793, for two hundred and forty-one acres, which were patented to John Neilson as "Owago" April 13, 1802, and another tract of one hundred and forty acres. March 25, 1797, William Neilson conveyed to John Nelson two hundred and seventy-five acres, embracing the tracts "Dixson's Park" and that of "St. James." The children of William Neilson were John and Polly. Jolin married Ellen Kerr, a daugh- ter of one of the early settlers, and lived upon the mansion tract and January 28, 1800, pur- chased the half-interest in the estate of his father from his sister Polly who was the wife of William Power, thereby coming into posses- sion of all the William Neilson lands. John and Ellen (Kerr) Neilson had six children, — William, Mary, Sarah, John (died young), John and Robert. William married Rebecca Bull and settled on the home farm, Mary became the wife of Sam- uel Black, Sarah lived unmarried, John married Catharine Bender and settled on the west part of the lands, and Robert married Sarah Ann Gallatin. The landswere portioned : To Will- iam, the mansion tract ; John, the west part ; and to Robert the middle, which are yet in the Neilson name, save the mansion tract, which passed by devise to his grandchildren : W. N. Seibert, J. L. Seibert and Virginia R. Seibert, children of Ellen, the onlv child of William 1086 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Neilson, and who became the wife of the Rev. Samuel Seibert. Polly Neilsou, daughter of William Neilson and sister of John, inarrled William Power, who was a saddler. They lived for a time in the stone house, where he kept a saddler's shop in the northeast corner room of the second story. William Power warranted two hundred and twenty-five acres April 2, 17G3. On this tract he resided. February 3, 1775, he warranted two tracts of five hundred and ninety-seven acres. He jjurchased extensive tracts of land, be- sides taking out a number of warrants. He became interested, in 1808, with David Watts, of Carlisle, in the Juniata Furnace. His home tract had been increased to five hun- dred acres, and after his death, July 3, 1855, was divided between his tliree sons. John, the youngest, succeeded to the mansion, where he lived until his death, leaving a family of chil- dren. William, Jr., lived in New Bloomfield several years and went West. Washington received, for his share, the land now owned in greater part by Alexander Klinepeter and Henry Shaeffer. The mansion tract (the orig- inal) is now owned by David Reeder. Jane Power, the sister of William, Sr., married John Elliot and lived near the homestead for several years, and moved to Mifflin County. William P. Elliot, their son, is living at Lewistown, at the age of ninety-two years. None of the family of William Power are now living in the county. William Power was at one time the largest land-owner in the county. Thomas Barnett, a native of Germany, emigrated to this country before 1767, in which year he was a resident of Rye township, in Caml)erlan(l County, and was assessed on fifty acres of land, probably at what was formerly known as Barnett's Cove, later Allen's Cove, and now " The Cove," in the present Penu township. He did not, however, take a war- rant for land until 1785, and in that year war- ranted a tract of four hundred acres, at the Cove, and December 19th, the same year, took a warrant for a tract of four hundred and eigh- teen acres, at and adjoining the present county- seat, then adjoining land of William Long and Alexander Stewart. An improvement had been made upon this tract, and a house erected by David Mitchell ; and Robert Mitchell, who is remembered by old citizens, was born there. The right was purchased by Thomas Barnett and warrant taken out. The present stone house was built in 1795. A grist and saw-mill Were erected soon after purchase. On the 1 7th of August, 1796, he received a patent upon the tract as " Bloomfield," from which fact the county-seat derived its name. Thomas Barnett died April 14, 1814, and left two sons, Frederick and George. Frederick settled on the tract at the Cove, where his descendants still reside. George pur- chased the tract " Bloomfield " of his father May 10, 1804, and in 1809 married Jane Smiley and settled upon it. He conveyed to the commissioners of Perry County land for a county seat in 1823. His sons were Fred- erick, George and Charles. The latter is judge of Juniata and Perry Counties, and resides at New Bloomfield. Frederick and George re- side on the home farm, Frederick living in the old mansion. Of the daughters, Margaret be- came the wife of David Darlington and moved to Iowa. Sarah, Jane, Susannah and Sahpenus reside with their l^rother Frederick. Upon the original tract a grist-mill was built a short distance above the present, which was torn down after 184]'. A new mill was built in 1838, destroyed by fire in 1840, rebuilt in 1841 and still in use. A saw-mill, also, was near the grist-mill in 1795, which, with repairs, was used until a few years ago. The old Lupfer mill and mill land were bought by George Barnett, who, in 1820, tore the mill down and used its timber in the erec- tion of the present Barnett barn. Matthew McBride, a blacksmith, warranted land about 17.S0, and, January 9, 1786, pur- chased one hundred and fifty acres of the Rev. Hugh Magill, who was then pastor of the Cedar Spring Presbyterian Church, in what is now Juniata County. Upon the farm he erected a blacksmith-shop, distillery and a tilt- hammer, and manufactured sickles, which last was abandoned over fifty years ago. In 1830 Margaret McBride was assessed upon a saw- mill. The sons of Matthew McBride were PERKY COUNTY. 1087 John, William, Samuel, Joseph, Matthew, Mere- dith and James. Matthew and Meredith set- tled upon the farm ; the former died about thirty years ago. His widow and two sons live in New Bloomfield. Meredith was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg. The tract ^NIcBride purchased of the Rev. Hugh Magill, in 178(5, was taken up in two war- rants— one of fifty acres, October 20, 1758, the other of one hundred acres, December 27, 1762. Two tracts of land were taken up by Robert Heirst adjoining Matthew ^NIcBride, which were patented to him, December 27, 1774, under the names of " Geneva " and " Mantua." A por- tion of these tracts were purchased by Matthew McBride, son of the first INIatthew, who sold, April 5. 1831, twelve acres to Matthew Shu- man, who erected the present stone grist-mill and opened a store, which last continued until August 27, 1832, when he advertised his stock of goods. The mill property was conveyed to Joseph Kline April 1, 1833, who sold to George Loy August 6, 1836. It was operated by William Loy, and, March 30, 1839, was purchased bj- Edward and David Clark, who continued the mill until 1884, when it was sold to Leonard & Baker, who now own it. Lower down the same stream James McKee erected a saw-mill after 1835, which is still used. Still lower down the stream are the ruins of an old saw-mill. The mills are on a stream that empties into Little Buifalo Creek. One of the earliest tracts located in the township lies in and near Bloom- field. It contained one hundred acres, and was warranted by James Cowen February 4, 1755, and passed to Jacob Lupfer in 1776. He, August 4, 1787, warranted two hundi'ed and ninety-four acres adjoining, and of which the west side of New Bloomfield forms a part. Jacob Lupfer was born in Germany in 1721, emi- grated to this country in 1752, settled in Berks County, and there married a Miss Gumber and moved to this section in 1776, and settled on the one hundred acre tract located by Cowen. The land he purchased was named in the patent as " Rye." On this land he built a grist-mill at the foot of the Little Juniata, above the grist-mill of Thomas Barnett, which, in later years, was the occasion of a long; and tedious litigation concern- ing water-rights. In 1795 Jacob and Caspar Lu])fer were assessed on a saw-mill. The projjerty passed to Caspar Lupfer, who lived in the stone house now owned by Mr. William A. Sponsler, and died there in 1841. The land on which the Luthei-an and Reformed Cliurches of Xew Bloomfield stand was donated by Casper Lupfer. Jacob, a son of Jacob and brother of Caspar, was drowned in the old mill-race when a young man. The sons of Casper were Jacob, Henry, Samuel, John, David and Michael. Jacob died in Xew Bloomfield ; Henry lived in town ; Samuel located above Markelsvillc ; John above the home-farm ; Michael lived on the homestead and was in the late war, and died from disease contracted in the army ; Da\id lo- cated in Xe\v Bloomfield and kept the Eagle Hotel many years, and bought the home-tract and lived there till his death, in 1870, over ninety years of age. The property came to his son William, who, in 1875, sold it to William A. Sponsler and removed to Springfield, O. Sam- uel Klinepeter, about 1848 or 1850, purchased forty acres of tiie liupfer farm, and his son now owns it. John Darlington, on the 3d of June, 1762, warranted a tract containing three hundred and forty-five acres, adjoining the lands that after- wards belonged to William X'eilsuu. June 22, 1773, on two warrants, he took up fifty acres adjoining. In 1799 he devised his lands to his sons John and Meredith. He had besides tiiree sons, two daughters — Sarah, who becauie the wife of William Bull, of Raccoon Valley, and ^lary, who became tiie wife of Wilson McClure. The Darlington lands were not divided until May 24, 1823, when John received two hundred and one acres and Meredith two hundred and fifteen acres, including the mansion house. The sons of Meredith were Wilson, John, Sam- uel and David. Wilson settled on the home- stead, which was owned by the family until 1884. John and Samuel located in the West. David, after residing here many years, moved to the West. The farm of John Dai'lington was sold many years ago to David Tressler, and is now known as the Tressler farm. 1088 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. In the northern part of the township a tract of one hundred and seven acres and a tract of one hundred and ninety-three acres were granted, December 13, 1766, to James McConaghy and surveyed for William Power, Jr., in right of Couaghy. About 1808 David Watts, of Car- lisle, liecame part owner of this tract, and Juni- ata Furnace was erected upon it, and is now owned by William Shauff. Next south was a tract of one hundred and seven acres granted to James McCoughly and bearing date November 10, 1766. This was surveyed to John Hostet- ter, to whose heirs it later came and is now owned by Henry Reeder. Next south was a tract warranted to Francis McCown, which was joined on the south by the " Bloorafield " tract of Thomas Barnctt. John and Margaret Clouser settled upon a tract, made an improvement and lived there some vears before his death. On July 3, 1794, Margaret, then his wido\v, took out a warrant in trust for the heirs of John Clouser. Their sons were Michael, Peter and George. Peter moved to Lancaster County, and George to New York. Michael settled on the home place and died there about 1859. Simon W. Clouser his son, lived upon the farm until 1882, when he removed to Harrisburg. David Clouser, also a son, resides in New Bloomfield. Francis McCown took up the tract before 1785 and lived and died there. He was a ju.s- tice of the peace for many years and after 1820. His father, Findlaw McCown, came to this section and lived with him until his death. Francis McCown had two sons, William and Findlaw ; to the latter the property came. He died February 26, 1854, aged sixty-one years. He left no children and the farm was sold, in 1855, to Judge John Rice, who died in the same vear, and the property came to Oliver Rice, who now owns it. The daughters of Francis Mc- Cown were Sarah (Mrs. Andrew Van Comp), Ellen (Mrs. Joseph Marshall), Rosanna (Mrs. Thomas Eglc), and Mary, who died at eighteen years of age. John Pai'ks, or Parkinson, on order of sur- vey No. 2332, took up fifty acres of land April 3, 1767, which was surveyed to Thomas Hack- enbottom in right of Parks; before 1788 was in possession of Edward Clark, and in 1875 was owned by his son, R. C. Clark. At the same time, 1788, John Clark owned a tract north of New Bloomfield, owned by his sons, John and Michael Clark. John Whelan took up two luindred and lorty-seven acres of laud on order of survey No. 5292, November 17, 1770, which was sur- veyed to Nathan Andrew, who lived there until after 1788. It later became the property of George Hoifman, and about 1873 come to the possession of the Hon. Joseph Baily, whose heirs now own it. November 17, 1784, Adam Stack, took out a warrant for two hundred and sixty-five acres two miles south of New Bloomfield and then adjoining Mahanoy Ridge and land of William Stewart. A part of the tract ^^■as surveyed later for George Cless and was divided for his heirs in March, 1857. He had tiiree .sons, — George, Adam and David. Getirge settled on the home farm and Adam adjoining. Enoch Lewis warranted, February 21, 1788, one hundred and ten acres below the Bark Tavern tract of Stewart, which was surveyed later for Andrew Cless. Robert ]\IcClay warranted a tract of four hun- dred and thirty -six acres, March 22, 1703, wliich now belongs to Andrew B. Comp, Wes- ley Soule and others. On the laud now owned by Wesley Soide is a species of plant kr.own as the "box huckleberr_y,'' a plant not known to exist in any other place in the United States, except on the banks of Indian River, near Mills- borough, Sussex County, Delaware. The Michaux, father and son, French travelers in this country over a century ago, were botan- ists, and probably described and named more North American plants than any other in tiio same field. Plants were carefully described by them that careful search in the same localities since has failed to discover, antl it was thouglit by botanists that they were mistaken ; but one by one the plants have been rediscovered in other locuilities. Among the plants described by Michaux was the "box huckleberry," from the moinitains of Virginia, and it has not been found later in those mountains, and, in fact, not initil found by Spencer F. Baird (now president PERRY COUNTY. 1089 of tlie Smithsonian Institute, at Washington, D. C.) a few years ago, near New Bloomtield, in Centre township. It covers the ground on a hillside, and, while it was described accurately so many years ago, yet on this spot of a few acres grows the plant which is not known to have been found in any other place in the United States, except as above men- tioned. This account is given on the authority of Professor E. W. Claypole, who says of it : " It appears to be a lingering relic of the an- cient flora of the county, maintaining itself on the sterile hill-side of Chemimg shale, but lia- ble to be destroyed by cultivation at any time. It is exceedingly plentiful, forming a perfect mat over much of the ground, but its limits are sharply defined without apparent cause." A tract adjoining the Bark Tavern tract and the Andrew Porter tract, containing three hun- dred and twenty-seven acres, was located bv Nicholas Robison, and sold by him to John Ja- cobs. James Hill secured the rights of Jacobs in the land, and, as the title was in dispute, an agreement was made, February 19, 1809, be- tween William Power and James Hill, that the survey of William Power, in the name of John Power, should be patented to James Hill, and the right of Jacobs abandoned. The land lay on the Little Juniata, and James Hill erected thereon a saw-mill, which is now owned by J. F. Ayle. The Hill farm, containing mill prop- erty, was sold by Hill to Thomas Miller, his son-in-law ; it later passed to Jacob Runer, and, about 1865, to J. F. Ayle. A tract of two hundred acres was granted on two warrants, February 27 and April 7, 1775, to James Castalo, Jeremiah Sullivan and Charles Queen. It extended from the foot of Mahanoy Ridge nearly to the Little Juniata Creek. Cas- talo lived upon the tract near the old grave- yard at Stingle's Gap in 1788. In 1857 one hundred and eighteen acres of this tract was sold by Thomas O'Brien to Henry Shade, and November 19, 1880, D. M. Rinesmith secured ninety-four acres adjoining and sold to John E. Hoffman. In the year 1767 Joseph Marshall was as- sessed on one hundred acres, and Michael Mar- shall on two hundred acras. They do not ap- 69 pear to have obtained title until later, when they appear jointly to have a tract of two hun- dred and sixty-three acres, which was granted to them on an order of survey dated May 25, 1769, and a warrant dated January 8, 1787. The lands lay a short distance above New Bloomfield and are now owned by Jacob Swartz and John C. Darlington. On McCowen's Branch, that empties in- to the Juniata, Ralph Smiley purchased of William Gardner forty acres of land, June 9, 182.3, and erected thereon a grist-mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1830. The pro))erty was sold, March 28, 1833, to Daniel Gallatin, who rebuilt the mill and run it a few years, when it passed respectively to Atkinson, John and William Bergstresser, Samuel Comp, and to Samuel Frabel, the present owner. Above the Frabel mill, on the same stream, Absalom Martin purchased land of Robert Kelly, November 24, 1833, and erected a mill for the manufacture of woolen cloths, carding and fulling. He conveyed the property to Jacob Billow, April 1, 1836, who sold to John Witherow and Thomas Patterson, March 31, 1838. Mr. Witherow later built the present fulling-mill, and is still operating it. Edward Irvin, on the 6th of March, 1773, warranted one hundred and thirty acres, adjoin- ing lands of William and John Darlington, the heirs of James Porter and the Matthew Mc- Bride tract, which he purchased from the Rev. Hugh Magill. Oct. 4, 1802; ninety-two acres of the tract were surveyed to George Wiseman. John Moore, on the 22d of March, 1793, took up a warrant for two hundred and eighty- four acres, adjoining lands of Widow Margaret Clouser and Robert Hamilton. The Robert Hamilton tract of three hundred and thirty acres, adjoining lands of Charles Queen and Robert Porter, was granted on order of survey No. 3929, June 20, 1767. Many years later it came to Jacob Hoffman, whose son,. Amos Hoffman, now owns it. Anthony Shatto, before 1797, owned land in Green's Valley, which he patented April 19, 1803. He sold one hundred and eighty acres to George Shade, Jolin Holler and George Gar- ling, and, February 16, 1804, the remainder of it 1090 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. to Nicholas Sliatto, who, January 22, 1806, sold it to Jacob Shatto, and also " land sufficient for a log or board-yard at the forks of the run near Rodger's line, with privilege to take the waterout of Mill-Stone Run for any mills he, the said Jacob Shatto, may erect." On this run a saw-mill was erected and used for many years. The site of the dam may still be seen. The farm is near the line, between Centre and Spring townships, and is now owned by Samuel Zigler. The land owned by Isaac HoUenbaugh was patented November 18, 1801, by John Billman, and contained one hundred and fifty-eight acres. He sold it, February 1, 1802, to Jacob Smith, who resided there until March 22, 1830, when he sold to John Smith, and purchased a farm near Newport. His sous — Jacob, Henry, Valentine, Jonas, Samuel and John — all set- tled in the county. JxTNiATA Furnace. — James McCouaghy, 1766, took out a wai-rant for laud which at a later date came into the possession of AVilliam Power. David WattSj of Carlisle, about 1807, became part owner of the tract, and on a small stream that empties into the Little Buffalo Creek they, in 1808, erected what is now remembered as the " Old .luniata Furnace." It was run by them for several years. April 1, 1824, the heirs of David Watts and William Power leased for ten years the furnace and lands to John Everhart, of Chester County, who erected a forge, and in the spring of 1825 ])ut the furnace in blast, and continued several years. On May 21, 1833, Charles Postley & Son, of Philadolpiiin, purchased of William Power the furnace property and thirty-five hundred acres of land for nineteen thousand five hundred dollars, including a grist-mill at the mouth of the run. January 17th Postley & Son advertised for sixteen stone and four potter hollow-ware moulders to work at the " Juniata Iron-Works." A new furnace had been erected farther up the stream, and both fur- naces were in blast under the management of James McGowen. The property had passed from Charles Postley to his sons, who, July 13, 18.37, sold it to John McKeehan and Matthew S. Henry. ^M'tcr a year or two .James ]\[c(iowen bought the interest of Henrv. This firm built the present grist-mill. At this time the old furnace was out of l)last and the buildings were the a:rist-mill, mansion-house, coal-house and eleven tenement-houses, store and warehouse, blacksmith-shop and carpenter-shop. A large ore-bank was also on the tract and within forty rods of the furnace. The property later passed through several hands and, in 1849, the works were abandoned and the mill property was sold to William R. Shauff, who now owns it. In 1855 the casting-house and office were destroyed by a cyclone that passed through the section. The lands are now divided into several farms. Pkrry Furnace. — The tract of land on which the furnace was built was warranted by Anthony Shatto, and came to the possession of Captain William Power, of whom, in April, 1837, Jacob Loy, John Everhart and John Kough, under the firm-name of Loy, I]verhart & Co., ijurcliased several hundred acres of land in Centre township, and erected thereupon the " Perry Furnace " and began the manu- facture of hollow-ware and ten-plate stoves. After about ten years they failed, the furnace was abandoned and the property was sold to Peter Cameron. Three hundred and fifty acres of it are now owned by Dr. M. B. Strickler, of New Bloomfield, whose baru uow stands on the site of the furnace. MANNSVILLE. Mannsville is situated near the Saville town- ship line. It was first known as Ph(vnixville. Daniel Swartz owned the land in the vicinity, and sold a small tract in 1850 to Adam Doreu, who erected at the place a tannery, which was operated by him for many years. He sold it to John Bower, who continued it until his death, in 1870, when it was abandoned. William Burd opened at the place a store, and soon after a post-office was opened, under the name of Mainisville. It was abandoned after a few years and re-established when John Bower bought the tannery. The office has since been held by H. D. KopenliotTer, James English and, since 1882, bv II. D. Kopenhdrter. Schools. — Centre townslii]i has at present ten sehool-liouses, kn(nvn as ^Mannsville.Comp's, PERRY COUNTY. 1091 Markel's, Centre, Laurel Grove, Okefenokee, Perry Furnace, Airy View, Pine Grove and Jericho. These houses have accommodations for three hundred and forty-three pupils. The first school-house in the township of whicli any information has been obtained was built of logs, on the Barnett farm, beyond the bridge that crosses tlie mill-race on the road to Duncanuon. A large rock is near the site, on which the pupils were often compelled to stand as a punishment. The house was used until the present school-house site was purchased in New Bloomfield, in 1838, and a school-house erected upon it. Messrs. Elliot, Ferguson and Robert Kelly were teachers in this house. In 1832 a school-house was erected on tlie McBride farm, and abandoned in 1840. John, James and Joshua B. Triplett were teachers in this house. A new house was built of brick northeast of the old house, which is now known as Laurel Grove. On October 21, 1837, William Neilson sold to th ^ school directors of the township one-quar- ter of an acre of land, on which Neilson had erected a school building. John McClure was a teacher. The Centre school-house now takes its place. The school directors bought of George Swiger, October 3, 1840, forty-five perches of land, on which to erect a school-house. It was on the road between Adam Markel's and Swiger's farm. John McGowen and John McKeehan erected a school-house near the Juniata Furnace, about 1841, and April 25, 1842, sold the lot and build- ing to the school directors. October 31,. 1849, Jacob Billow and Finley McCown sold to the school dirtctors seventeen perches of land adjoining their land, on which a stone school-house was erected and used until the present Airy View house was erected. The school-house now known as Comp's was built about 1876, on a lot purchased by the school directors of Samuel Comp, February 20, 1841. A house M'as erected and used until the present one was built. CHAPTER XVIII. WHEATFIELD TOWNSHIP. Several inisuccessful efforts were made to divide Rye township prior to 1824. Rye then embraced the territory bounded by IMahanoy Ridge, Susquehanna and Juniata Rivers, Blue Mountains and the township of Tyrone. A petition was presented to court in May, 1824, when it was decided that the order to divide Rye township be continued. IMeredith Dar- lington, Jacob Stroop, Esq., and M'illiam Wil- son, Esq., were appointed viewers. Tlieir re- port designating the bounds of a new township was confirmed January 5, 1826, and was named "Wheatfield." Its territory has since been re- duced by the erection of the townships of Cen- tre, Miller, Penn and Carroll ; it has also had an addition of the strip of land from Rye township south of Sherman's Creek to tlie crest of Pine Hill. It is irregular in form and has a length of eight miles with a breadth of about one and three-quarter miles on the Juni- ata River and a breadth of about four miles on the Carroll township line. Little Juniata Creek passes through the township southeasterly ; Sherman's Creek passes through the west and northwesterly part, each having tributary- streams. Losh's Run forms part of the north- ern boundary and joins the Juniata River at Logania post-office and station. At the time the township was erected it con- tained two hundred and ninety-eight taxables. The following are the names of the owners of land in Wheatfield township in 1828: Frederick Albright, grist and saw-mill; Archi- bald Allison, saw-mill; Anthony Aker, carpenter; Robert Armstrong's heirs ; Benjamin Bloser, tailor ; John Boden, inn-keeper ; James Baskins, ferrj'man ; Ephraim and Joshua Byers; Jacob Billow; Henry Bender, mason; John Brown, miller; John Bear ; John Branyan, mason ; Samuel Bosler. blacksmith ; Jacob Brindle, miller; John Chisholm; David Cams; Geo. Clay, grist and saw-mill; Robt Clark, Willam Clark, merchant ; Duncan & Mahon, grist-mill, saw-mill and distillery ; James Campbell, Sr. ; David Campbell's heirs ; Thomas Craighead ; George Cless ; Daniel Cless ; Joseph Dunbar's heirs ; James Elliot ; William Elliot's heirs; John Elliot; John Egnew, manager; David English's heirs; Henry Funk's heirs; Paul Frazer; Israel Fritz; Philip Foulk ; Daniel Foulk ; 1092 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. James Finton ; Zaccheus Finley, blacksmith ; Jacob Fesler, ferryman ; John Fritz, inn-keeper ; Henry Fritz, mason ; Abrain Flora ; Peter Fisher's heirs ; Joseph Gerhart ; Alexander Garrett ; Alexander Gar- rett and Isaac Kirkpatrick ; William Gardner, saw- mill; Andrew Galbraith, shoemaker; Simon Gratz; John Gardner; Henry Gordon; Mathias Grover; William Hays ; William Henderson ; Hodgen Hen- derson ; James Hill, saw-mill; John Harris; Dr. John Henderson; James Hamilton, Esq., heirs; Philip HeUey ; Robert Hamilton's heirs ; Dr. Jonas Ickes ; William Jones ; George Jones' heirs; Israel Jacob; Jonathan Jones, blacksmith; William Irvine, weaver; Jacob Jumper, weaver; Henry Irvine, weaver; Isaac Kirkpatrick, saw-mill; Jesse Kirk patrick ; Joseph Kirkpatrick ; Thomas Kirkpatrick ; Isaac Kirkpatrick, Jr.; Alexander Kirkpatrick; Moses Kirkpatrick's heirs ; John Kirkpatrick ; Robert Kelly; Henry Lephard ; Henry Lackey; John Light; John Leedy ; William Lackey ; David Lupfer ; Jacob Lupfer's heirs; Jeremiah Madden, Esq., judge; John McKinzie ; Thomas McKinzie; Elijah McCoy ; Sarah McCoy; Mary JIcBride; John Moore, carpenter; Thomas MehaH'y ; Daniel Miller; David Miller, inn- keeper; Frederick McCaskey, saw-mill; William Mooney, Jr , saw-mill; Thomas Mehaffy, Jr.; John Mehaffy ; James McClintock, cooper; James Mc- Closky, weaver ; John McCord ; Martin Miller ; Jacob Miller's heirs; Joseph Morrison, cooper; William Moore, mason ; Michael Marshall ; David McCoy; James Maxwell, shoemaker; Robert Mitchell, Rev. John Niblock ; Griffith Owens ; Benjamin Owens, saw-mill ; John Owens, Esq., justice of the peace and commissioner : James Ogle ; John Owens and Shortess; Samuel Potter, mason; James Parson, butcher; Charles Penrose ; J. Mahen, Esq. ; William Power and David Watts' heirs; William Ramsey, Esq., grist and saw-mill; Abram Rodgers, Esq., justice of the peace; Abram Rodgers and John Harper; Samuel Rodgers, blacksmith ; John Rathfon's heirs ; John Rathfon ; Daniel Piper ; Catharine Pinkerton and Mary Hill ; Alexander Patterson ; Philip Roth, wea- ver; Conrad Ruth's heirs; Joseph Rodgers; Heniy Roth ; Jane and Sarah Robison ; Thomns Rodgers, distillery; Jacob Sidle; Jacob Smith; John Smith; Christian Smith, blacksmith ; Rev. John Snyder ; George Snyder, Jr.; Jacob Snyder; John Stewart; Robert Stewart; Jacob StauH'er, carpenter; Ralph Smiley, grist-mill; John Smiley; William Smith; Christian Shade and Rcisher; Samuel Stehr; Sus- annah Soulier; John Such, saw-mill ; Peirce String- fellow, carpenter ; Jacob Steel ; Jacob Shutz, shoe- maker; Henry Smith, miller; John M. Smith, tailor; William A. Smith's heirs; George Smiley's heirs; Frederick Speck, Esq. ; Dr. Joseph Speck ; Jacob Swegor; Andrew Shortess; John Trimmer; James Thompson, wagon-maker; Nathan Vanfossen, tan- yard; .Tames Wallace ; .rell'crson Walhice, carpenter; Robert Wallace's heirs; Samuel Wallace; Henry Wax; Philip Wax's heirs; James Willis; William Watson's heirs; John Woodburn ; Frederick Watts, Sr. ; James Watts ; Andrew Welsh ; Joseph- Wilson, carpenter ; Joseph Weaver ; David Watts' heirs ; Charles Wingert's heirs; John Wingert, weaver; Abram Young ; John Young, tailor ; J.acob Young, wagon-maker; Christian Young; John Yeager, butcher. It must be remembered that the townshi|) embraced at this time part of Centre, Penii, Carroll and Miller. Early Locations. — Two tracts embraced the frontage of Wheatfield on the Juniata, — the one on the south, of three hundred and thirty-one acres, warranted June 4, 1762, by Frederick Watts, a native of Wales, born June 1, 1719, and about 1749 married to Jane Murray, a niece of David Murray, jNIarquis of Tnllibardine, a partisan of the pretender Charles Edward, who, after the battle of Cullo- den, fled to France.' At the close of his official career he retired to his farm on the Juniata, where he died October 3, 1795, aged seventy-six years. The remains of him and his wife were interred in the burial- ground on the farm. The children of Frederick and Jane Watts were ]Margery, Catharine, Margaret, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah and David. Of these, Elizabeth became the wife of Thomas Unlings, son of Marcus, and mother of David W. Hidings, a prominent attorney of Lewistown for many ' FrcJerick Watts came to America with his family about 1700, and settled upon and resided on tliis tract until his death. The Revolution breaking out a few years after his arrival, he became a zealous advocate for the rights of the people witli whom he had become iilentified. He was ap- pointed oneof thceiglit members of Cumlierhmd County who met at Philadelphia in .hine. 1776. He .issisted in organizi- ing the l)atta]ion for the comity, and was [made lieutenant- colonel of the First Battalion, and represented the same at the Military Convention of July 4, 1776, which met at Lan- caster. He was in command of the First Battalion of the Flying Camp at the surrender of Fort Washington, Novem- ber 1(5, 1776, where he was eaftured and soon after ex- changed. He was commissioned a justice of the peace of Cumberland County .\pril 1, 1778; chosen a representa- tive to Ai-:senibly in 1779 ; appointed sub-lieutenant of Cumberland County .Vpril 18, 1780 ; brigadier-general of Pennsylvania militia May 27. 1782 ; a member of the Su- preme Kxecutive Council from October 20, 1787, until its ab((lition by the Constitution of 1700, and was, at the same lin^e acting as a member of the Board of Prujierty. PEERY COUxXTY. 1093 years. ^largaret married George Smiley, of Shermaiisdale. David Watts, the youngest child, was born October 29, 1764; married Ju- liana, a daughter of General Robert Miller. He studied law and settled in Carlisle, where he became one of the leading lawyers of the bar, and practiced in many courts in this part of the State. He was also interested with William Power in the Juniata Furnace. He died in Carlisle in 1819. Judge Frederick Watts, of Carlisle, is a son. The Watts tract later came to John Gorman, and is now owned by Noah Hertzler. MoNTABELLO FuRNACE. — The other tract on the river contained one hundred and ninety- nine acres, and extends into Miller township. It was warranted by John Smith, June 20, 1788. It is now owned by Dr. J. P. Singer. On the Little Juniata Creek, above King's Mill, a tract of two hundred and thirty-eight acres was warranted, December 15, 1766, by William Baskins, on which Montabello Fur- nace was built. June 6, 1834, Jacob Lindley, Elizabeth and Hannah Downing and William Logan Fisher purchased this and adjoining- tracts of land " for the purpose of building a furnace " thereon. It was built soon after, and named ^Montabello. After a few years it was sold to Fisher, Morgan & Co., who ran it until about 1846, when it was abandoned. The fur- nace had a six foot bosh, and had a capacity for manufacturing twenty-five to thirty tons of iron per week. The furnace, after it came into pos- session of Fislier, Morgan & Co., was run in connection with their works at Duncannon. A stave-mill was built near the forge, which was in use until 1875, when it was destroyed by fire. The Owen family, of Wheatfield, were first represented by Levi Owen, who came from Wales to this country, and, March 10, 1767, was married to Ann Smith by the Rev. Michael Schlatter. It is not known at what time he came to this section ; but, within a few years of that time, he bought one hundred and thirty-three acres of land, which was taken up by Eve Baker on order of survey No. 2595, dated January 27, 1767. On the 24th of Jan- uary, 1791, he warranted adjoining one hundred and fifty acres, and later purchased other lands in the vicinity. He died April .3, 1823, aged seventy-nine years, and his wife, Ann, August, 1822. He had three sons, — Griffith, Benjamin and John. Griffith, the eldest, in 1820, owned one hundred and eight acres. He had two sons, — Levi and Jesse. The widow of George D. Owen (son of Levi) resides on this place. Benjamin, in 1820, owned three hundred and five acres in the loop on Sherman's Creek and a saw-mill. He had seven sons, — Samuel, Wes- ley, John, Jesse, Seth, Reuben and Josiah. The farm is now in part owned by Joseph Acker, whose father, Joseph, j)urchased it. This branch of the family is now extinct in the county, they mostly having moved West. John, the youngest son of Levi Owen, Sr., settled adjoining the farm of his father, and on which his son Eleazer and grandson, Ezra G. Owen, now live. He was one of the first com- missioners of the county. His son Eleazer was a member of the IjCgislature in 1845. The sons of John Owen were Eleazer, Samuel, Grif- fith, John T., Abel D. and Joel B. W^ith the exception of John T., who went West, they settled in the county. Moses Stone now owns a tract of one hun- dred and twenty-three acres, which was granted in 1766 to Arnold Vanfossen. The Rev. John Snyder, one of the early pas- tors of the United Brethren Church in this vicinity, warranted a tract of one hundred and eighty-nine acres, below the Owen and Vanfossen tracts, April 21, 1828, on which an improvement was made before 1800. He died in 1845. The farm is now owned by Samuel Shull. The farm now owned by Daniel Bowman is part of tract of one hundred and eighty-nine acres warranted. May 22, 1767, by Robert Ramsey and surveyed in his right to Alexander Shortess. Below this tract, on Dark Run, was a tract known as the " Saw-Mill tract," which contained two hundred and twenty-eight acres and was warranted in September, 1793, to John Mc- Bride. East of the McBride tract William Bothwell, in 1811, warranted four hundred and fifty acres, which a few years later was increased to five hundred acres. After his death it was divided 1094 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. between his sons Samuel and George and his daughters. Dr. Jonas lekes lived for a time in the old mansion-house before he moved to Xew Bloom- field. John Light, on June 9, 1815, warranted two hundred and thirty-one acres, which later came to Samuel McKinzie. On November 20, 1812, Alexander Shortess took np one hundred and eighty-six acres ad- joining land Andrew Berryhill had located and to the township line. On Sherman's Creek, embracing the loop and on both sides of the creek, in Wheattield and Penn townships, Benjamin Abram warranted two hundred and seven acres August 14, 1766. Fio FoiiCiE. — Israel Downing and James B. Davis, in 1827, purchased twenty-tlu'ee acres of the above-mentioned tract. A notice made of the forge June 12, 1828, shows its condition at that time. It says they own twenty-three acres of land, " on which is erected a forge, nearly finished, with frames and timber prepared to complete the same." It was evidently not finished by them, as on July 18th, in that yearthe property was sold to Jacob Lindley and Frederick Speck. In 1841 it was owned by Elias Jackson, Samuel Yocum and Daniel Kough, who were at the time operating ]\Iary Ann Furnace, in Cumber- land County. Tiiey sold soon after to Walker. Daniel Kough remained as manager. A heavy flood, March 14, 1846, carried the dam away and the forge \\'as abandoned. The stone building, used as an office, is still standing. On the ci'eek above, Jacob Sidell, of Fishing Creek, purchased property and moved a grist- mill from Fisiiing Creek to the place about 1820. About 1850 the mill property passed to Shapley, and in 1855 it was purchased by Dugan & Zerger, who, in 1856, tore down the old mill and built the present mill. Farther u]) the creek Samuel Graliam located one hundred anil two acres. The site of Dellvilie was located by George Moser, who sold to Loy. In 1840 Cliristian Smith and Isaac Kirk- patriclv i)urcliascd a small tract of land at what is now Dellvilie, and in 1841 erected agrist-mill, wiii(!h tliey continued until April 10, 185."3, when Smith sold his interest to Daniel liistine and John Souder. April 1, 1856 Eli Young bought the interest of Ristine, and in 1864 John Sweger bought the interest of Souder, which, in 1868, was sold to A. Jacobs, who, in 1877, sold to his son-in-law, Eli Young, who has since owned it. The mill was remodeled in 1874. A store was built at Dellvilie in 1855 and firstkept by Adam Billow, afterward by many others and now by David Bealor. A post- ofBce was established in 1860, with Eli Young as postmaster, \vho served fourteen years, and was succeeded by D. P. Lightner, Theodore Bryner, D. G. Owen, Samuel Briggs, W. O. Wallace, Eli Young and Daniel Bealor. Above Dellvilie, on the creek and the Car- roll township line, George Mills warranted a tract of land March 10, 1775. Northwest from Dellvilie, on the little stream that joins Sherman's Creek at that place, befoie 1840, Zachariah Finley and Joseph Ecker owned land that was warranted by Andrew Boyd in 1767 and patented by Matthew Henderson, September 18, 1787. The greater portion of the Boyd-Henderson tract lies in Carroll town- ship. Finley built the stone house in 1843, now owned by Moses Stouflf'er. April 3, 1857, Fin- ley sold the farm of one hundred and fifty-five acres to George Rinehart. The land on which John Weldon now lives was in possession of John Stewart, who came from Carlisle over ninety years ago. He was in the Warof the Revolution. The children of John Stewart were Jane, who married Thomas Black and settled at Duncannon ; Sarah, who became the wife of John B. Nickey of Penn's Valley ; Richiird Stewart, who settled at Clark's Ferry ; William J. Stewart, of Duncannon. His son, Livingston Stewart, who settled near Duncannon, was a son by his second wife. His daughter Susan married John Weldon, and now resides on the old Stewart homestead. Ellen, another daughter of Livingston, married Peter Swisher, and lives near Duncainion. Sannii'l Potter and Andrew Pennell settled in the east part of the township soon after 1820. The latter is still living. Alexander Power, a schoolmaster of Phila- delphia, was in possession of a large tract of PERRY COUNTY. 1095 ];\n(l in the limits of this township in 1773, and Marcli 27tli, in tliat year, sold it to Samuel Moore. It passed respectively as follows : June 28, 1785, to David Meredith ; December, 1791, to Owen Bruner; October 7, 1802, to John Ken- ajje; March 27, 1812, to Alexander Shortess ; March 2-5, 1820, to Jacob Clay; and March 13, 1827, one hundred and twenty-three acres, to Benjamin Dunkelberger. John and George Clay bought one hundred and eighty-six acres of Alexander Shortess, October 3, 1819. Nicho- las Clay bought two tracts in 1814 ; one May 4th of JohnMcClintock, and the other June 18th of Barnet Slough. He had other lands, and, March 12, 1822, conveyed the lands above-mentioned to John Snyder and Matthias Clay. The fami- ly of Clay are still represented in the township. The greater part of the tract of land lying between Sherman's Creek and Pine Hill was patented to Samuel Funk, ^larch 15, 1805, who soon sold one hundred and six acres and allowance to John Minnich, and July 5, 1809, it was conveyed to Adam Fultz, who, April 22, 1812, sold it to Peter Billow. After his de- cease, in 1828, it was conveyed, January 31,1829, to George Billow. A tavern and di.stillery was on the place before 1820, and the Billow tavern was a well- known stopping-place, and kept from 1820 many years by (ieorge Billow. The place was also known as Billow's Fording until 1836, when a bridge one hundred and sixtv feet long was built over the creek at a cost of $2000. There were several of the family that lived in the vicinity, — Jacob, Henry, Martin and George. The latter resided on the homestead until his death, in 1858. The property then passed into other hands, and is now owned by Mrs. E. W. Orr. The old tavern house is still standing. Christian Ensminger before 1800 purchased over five hundred and eigTity acres of land, mostly in Fishing Creek Tallcy, but partly on the side of the range of hills — David Ensminger, his son, settled upon the north side, and his de- .scendants still reside in the vicinity. St. David's Lutheran" CnuRCH.-The ch urch is situated about five miles southwest of Dnncan- non, and near the site of the old Fio Forge Members of the congregations of Mount Zion, Mount Pisgah and Christ's lived in this section of country, and having a desire for preaching near their homes, the Rev. L. T. Williams was invited to preach at the Fio Forge school-house in 1845, which invitation he accepted. The people of the neighborhood, composed also of members of another denomination, united with the Lutherans in erecting a frame meeting- house, which was dedicated November, 1845. Revs. John W. Heim, Jacob Sholl and Lloyd Knight were present and conducted the exer- cises. After the church was consecrated the Rev. Lloyd Knight, who was stationed at New Bloomfield, commenced jjreaching regularly once every four weeks. The church w-as organ- ized with twenty-seven members June 20, 1846. In 1848 the membership had increased to forty. Rev. Mr. Knight resigned in June, 1849, and was succeeded July 1st by Rev. Jacob ^Martin, who jireached once in three weeks. In February, 1850, the congregation was united with others to form the Petersburg charge. He resigned July 1, 1850. Rev. John P. Hiester became the pastor in November, 1850, and served until ' November, 1 853. After a vacancy of six months Rev. George A. Nixdorff accepted a call in 1854, and continued until ^Nlay, 1858; Rev. William H. Diven succeeded Auo-ust 22, 1858, and was followed by Revs. Hunnicutt and Cutler. For a number of years the church was supplied by students from Gettysburg Theo- logical Seminary. Rev. Shirk was called in 187-5, and was succeeded by Rev. John Kerr about 1877, who continued about two years. The Rev. George Crist was his successor. Rev. Mr. Yeaojer, of '• Buck's Valley, .served as a supply. Rev. H. F. Long, the present pastor, began his labors in 1883. The church has a membership of about thirty. The church is in union with the Ger- man Reformed congregation, whose pastor is the Rev. James R. Lewis, who has served since 1883. This congregation has about thirty mem- bers. The Church of the United Brethrex TX Christ is situated on the road from New Bloomfield to Duncannon, it was built as a Union Church in 1814, with the Methodists, but has 1006 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. long since been abandoned by the latter society, liev. Joiin Syuder was the first pastor, followed by Revs. John G. Snyder, John Dixon (now bisho])), William Raber, Z. A. Colestock, Humberger, George and William Wagner, Jesse Bratton, George W. Beemer, Daniel Burkholder, George W. Kiracofe, A. R. Ayres and S. N. Moyer. The society has a member- ship of about fifty. The Methodiht Church, which is in ruins back from the site of Fio Forge, was built over forty years ago, and abandoned about the close of tlie Civil War. The following are .^ome of the ministers who preached there : Jordan, Holmes, Wright, Swengler, Hamilton, Thompson and White. Pennei>l's CnuKCH. — The church known by the above name is owned by the Methodists and was built of stone in 1 857 or '58, on land of Andrew Pennell. The people in the vicinity at that time belonging to the denomination were under the charge of the Rev. T. D. Gotswold, of tiie Methodist Church of Duncannon. The oonarregation is vet served by the pastors of that church.' Schools. — As early as 1810 a scliool-house stood near the site of John J. Craig's present house, on land of Levi Owen. John Owen was one of the teachers. It was abandoned about 1820, when a log school-house was built near the United Brethren Church, and used until 1848, when the school-house known as Wal- lace, on the Wallace farm, was moved to its ] (resent site, and is known as Owen, or Windy Hill. Wheatfield accepted the school law in 1835, and received of the public money one hundred and forty-eight dollars and twenty cents; at tiiat time there were two hundred and thirty- five taxables liable to the si'hool tax. The school directors of the township met at the Clay school-house November 2S, LS;')"), to examine teachers. The Clay sciiool-house, that was standing at this time, was on, or near, the site of Mrs. Maria Price's store, on the road from New Bloomfield to Duncannon and long since abandoned. Fairview school-house, one-eighth of a mile below, takes its place, and was built about twelve years ago. In October, 1840, the school-houses in the township were Fio, Clay's, Wallace, Potter and Watts. The Fio school- house was erected soon after the forge was completed, and used until 1857, when another was built near Sherman's Creek, which was repaired in the spring of 1885. The school-house at Weldon's is near Dell- ville, and was built in 1855. The Potter house was built before the school law came into operation ; the Pennell school now takes its place. The houses in the township are now known as Dellville, or Wel- don, Owen, or Windy Hill, Centre, Sulphur Spring, Pcnnelis and Fairview, at which attend two hundred and nine pupils. 1 For account of this charge see history of Methodist Cluiruh in Uiincannon. That iiocount snys tliis chm-cli was cvfcteil about IS-lS. It is said to liave been built when T. 1). Gotswold was pastor, wliich was ill 18C7-U8. CHAPTER XIX. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP.' Juniata township occupies a four-sided space intervening between Tuscarora on the north, Oliver on the east, Centre on the south and Sa- ville on the west. It is about seven miles in length by two and a half in average breadth, having an area of about twenty-five square miles. Middle Ridge is the most conspicuous fea- ture. Ranging in direction from east by north to west by south, its gentle slojjes areevery where cleared of wood and cultivated to their very tops. Along its to]i runs the Ridge road from Newport westward through a farming country without villages or hamlets. North and south of this ridge the township is occupied by undu- latius land of less height. Most of the small streams of this township, coming from Middle Ridge and Hominy Ridge, make their way to the Butfalo, which occupies the Middle Valley, and conveys their united waters into Oliver township. Those, however, that rise on the southern slope of Middle Ridge, I Bv Silas Wri'.ihl. PERRY COUNTY. 1097 flow down into the Little Buffalo, which enters the Juniata at Newport.' At the January court of 1793 "Two peti- tions, signed by a great number of the in- habitants of Rye township, setting forth that they labored under many and great disadvan- tages by reason of the great extent of said town- ship, and jiraying the court that the said town- ship may be divided by a line along the top of Mahanoy Mountain from the line of Tyrone township to the Juniata River," being read in open court, rule that the prayer of the petition- ers be granted, and that the upper part or divi- sion be henceforth called Juniata township. MILLS IN 1795. John Black, 360 acres ; Henry Bull, grist and saw- mill and 400 acres ; George Dixon, saw-mill ; George Drabaugh, saw-mill ; David English, saw-mill ; Dan- iel Fahuestock, grist and saw-mill and 182 acres ; Henry Fleury, saw-mill ; George Hildebrand, two distilleries ; Amos Jordan, tan-yard ; John Jones, blacksmith and saw-mill; Joseph Jones, tan-yard; Peter Koch, saw-mill; William Kerr, saw-mill; Caspar and Jacob Lupfer, saw-mill ; John Milligan, saw-mill ; Samuel Robinson, saw-mill. Laxd-Owxet;s in 1788. — Job Stretch lived on the Samuel Tressler farm, and paid 3s. lid. State, and Is. county tax. Robert Garrett owned the tract on Big Buf- falo, below Milford, now owned by George Campbell and B. F. Miller. James Keenan owned the farm on iliddle Ridge, near the old iliddle Ridge Preslwterian Church, and kept a little store for dry-goods and tobacco. Alexander Stuart owned the W. L. Stephens farm, and paid as State tax 8s. 3d., and as county tax, 2s. This farm was subsequently owned by James Stejjhens, the uncle of Gover- nor Alexander H., of Georgia. At the west end of the township, and in Sa- ville township, are tracts of land, one of three hundred and twenty-nine acres, patented to John Creigh August 5, 1791, who sold to Jacob Mil- ler in 1812. Jonestown, now Milford, is on land warranted June 17, 1755, to William Parkinson. This tract consisted of one hundred and sixty-one ' Claypole. acres, on which were a saw-niill and pond. John Parkinson owned eleven hundred and ten acres on Raccoon Creek, for which the warrant issued in July, 1762. Three-fourths of a mile south of Milford, on the road from Carlisle to Sunbury, was a tavern, on the top of Middle Ridge, called "White Ball Tavern," which, in 1812, was kept by Philip Clouser, who owned a large tract of land in that section. This hotel was discontinued about fifty years ago. Oliver Smith now owns the property. Still south, on the north bank of Little Buffalo Creek, John Koch kept the Blue Ball Tavern, which was famous for shooting- matches. At this tavern, in 1812, messengers were mounted and ready to carry messages to the army at Niagara. The horn at the foot of Middle Ridge signaled the men at White Ball to be ready, and the dispatches were forwarded at once to Reider's Ferry, where the ferry-boat was in waiting. Assessment of 1820.— Fred. Anderson, carpenter, 150 acres, and lot in Milford ; George Baruett, 400 acres, grist and saw mill ; George Brown, potter, 20 acres ; Caspar Bruner, 200 acres ; Geo. Brown, weaver ; Francis Beelen, 547 acres, saw-mill and postmaster; Robert Brown, 150 acres ; Philip Bosserman, 100 acres, and store ; Peter Brown, house and lot in Vienna; Christopher Biseline, 36 aci-es ; John Bise- line, 86 acres; John Baker, hatter, 6', acres; Marks Bealor, 250 acres ; John Bealor, 112 acres ; Benjamin Bonsall, Jr., justice, 103 acres, and tan-yard ; John Black, Jr., 178 acres ; William Black, 178 acres ; Wil- liam Bull, 358 acres, and 200 acres mountain land ; .John Black, Sr., 731 acres; Henry BulTs heirs, 160 acres, grist and saw mill ; Robert Bull's heirs, 400 acres ; John Bower's heirs, 200 acres ; Bonsall & Stutzman, 415 acres ; Philip Clouser, 91 acres ; John Clouser's heirs, 350 acres, and saw-mill ; Jacob Clou- ser's heirs, 100 acres ; Michael Clouser, carpenter, 100 acres; Philip Crist, 120 acres; Daniel Crist, weaver, 36 acres ; Elias Carter, shoemaker ; Robert Campbell ; 170 acres; Henry Crawl, 200 acres; Joseph Clark, 110 acres; Edward Clark, 183 acres; John Clark, 136 acres; William Carson, 300 acres; Robert Cochran ; Meredith Darlington, 230 acres; George Dillman, tailor, 12 acres ; Thomas Dromgold, 100 acres ; Geo. Dixon, mason, 217 acres; Jlichael Doran, cooper, 16 acres ; John Darlington, 230 acres; Henry Dear- dorf, 60 acres ; John Ewalt, 212 acres and distillery; Abraham Deardorf, wagon-maker, 100 acres ; David English's heirs, 300 acres; John and David English, 292 acres and saw-mill ; Thomas English, 75 acres . William English, 180 acres; Jacob Eahart, 298 acres! 1098 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Dr. John Eckhart, 5 lots and house in Vienna ; Ben- jamin Fickes, 420 acres ; Valentine Fickes, 100 acres; Abraham Fleury, 73 acres and distillery; Thomas Ferguson, schoolmaster; William Ferguson> weaver; Rossono Fleury, 200 acres ; John Fleury, 140 acres ; Abraham Fulweiler, 120 acres ; Robert Fitz- gerald 210 acres ; Isaac Frantz, carpenter ; George Foulke, house carpenter, 47 acres and 2 lots in Milford; James Freclaiid, 10 acres ; Henry Fritz, mason ; Joseph Flemith, one hun- dred and seventy acres; Daniel Okeson, house and lot and store in Milford; Joseph Power, inn-keeper, two hundred acres ; James Power, three hundred and fifty acres ; William Patton, three hundred and ninety acres and three lots in Milford ; Wil- liam Power, 5 lots of land, containing 582 acres and grist and saw-mill; Henry Pickard, 89 acres ; James Pollock, 115 acres; William Reed, 150 acres; Paul Reider (cooper), 80 acres ; Daniel Rider, 60 acres ; George Reamer, 219 acres; Michael Robinson, 100 acres; Abraham Rider (inn-keeper), 175 acres and ferry; Samuel Ramsey, 321 acres; John Ratlens- berger (blacksmith) ; Conrad Roads, 50 acres ; Henry Roads, 50 acres ; James Robison, 170 acres ; James and George Robison, 90 acres ; George Robison, 249 acres; John Rider (carpenter), 68 acres; Dr. William Richards; John Shuman's heirs, 300 acres; Peter Smith, 150 acres ; Wendel Smith, 123 acres and 109 acres of mountain land ; David Smith (blacksmith), 40 acres ; Daniel Smith, 150 acres and 177 acres of mountain land (shoemaker) ; Adam Shuman (millwright), 12 acres; Peter Stengle (shoemaker), saw-mill and 300 acres ; John Saylor, 250 acres ; Anthony Shatto's heirs, 200 acres; James Smith (carpenter), Adam Stutzman, 150 acres ; John Swartz, 314 acres ; James Stephens, 300 acres ; Valentine Smith, 189 acres; Joseph Smith (cooper), 136 acres; Jacob Sole, 100 acres (sold to Samuel Utter), and lot in Vienna ; Andrew Sunday, 100 acres ; Joseph Spriggle, 60 acres; John Smith (miller), 18 acres, grist and saw-mill ; John Sunday (weaver) ; Thomas Shorter (miller) ; Michael Smith, 57 acres ; Abraham Trimmer, 210 acres; Joseph Tate (shoe- maker), 75 acres ; Matthew Thompson (coojier), lot in Vienna ; Tunis Trimmer, 118 acres ; Isaac Thompson (weaver), 300 acres ; Henry Troup, 255 acres; Samuel Utter, 100 acres, bought of Jacob Sole; Andrew Van Comp, 155 acres ; James Van Comp (inn-kcepcr), 60 acres; John Vincent, 300 acres and distillery; Nicholas Werts (weaver), 127 acres ; George Wise- man, Sr., 40 acres and 200 acres mountain land; George Worley, 137 acres; Jacob Wentz, 130 acres; PERRY COUNTY. 3099 Alexander Watson (inn-keeper), 35 acres; George Weise, 247 acres; Joseph Wilson's heirs, 76 acres; John Yocum, 300 acres ; Joseph Zinn, 630 acres and grist-mill ; Elizabeth Ziegler, 50 acres. It will be remembered that at the time this assessment was taken Juniata embraced also the townsiiips of Tuscarora, Oliver, and parts of Miller and Centre. Inhabitants of Distinction. — Alexander Stephens, an Englisliman, was a soldier under Braddock, and came to what is now Perry County about 1766, near James Baskins, who lived on Baskins' Island and had a ferry there many years. He married James Baskins' daugh- ter Catherine. Baskins refused to recognize the marriage, and they settled about five miles up the river. Stephens was a captain in the Rev- olution and served till the war was over, when he settled near Duncannon, where Andrew B. Stephens, the father of Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, was born, in 1783. In the year 1795 Andrew B. Stephens, with his family, moved to Georgia, where he settled and died. James Stephens, a brother of Andrew, returned to Perry County and settled in Juniata town- ship, where in 1820 he owned three hundred acres. In 1836 Alexander H. Stephens came to this county to visit his relatives. He came to New- port by canal-boat and stopped at the hotel kept by James Black, whom, in 1842, he met in Congress. Robert Brown came from England about the year 1740, and settled in Chester County, and from thence removed to the place owned by Robert Mitchell's heirs, above Newport, in 1 760. He also took up the tract adjoining on Big Buf- falo Creek, which was surveyed in pursuance of a warrant dated April 6, 1763. Part of this property was taken up by location, but whether Ijefore or after the warrant was issued is not of record. Robert Brown was the father of eight chil- dren, viz. : Martha, who married David Mitchell, the father of Robert and one of the first commissioners, and Wni. B. Mitchell, the first prothonotary ; Roger; John, who went to Kentucky ; iMatthew ; Mary, who married Hately and went to the French Creek settle- ment ; Elizabetii, who married Boggs and was maternal grandmother to JNIrs. Mary Black, late of New Bloorafield ; Margaret, who married J. Guthrie and was grandmother of the late Rob ert Guthrie, of Bloomfield ; Grace married to Henry Bull, who was the mother of Colonel Robert Bull, killed at Chippewa. Robert Brown had two sisters who came from Encjland with him. One married Meredith Darlinston and was the mother of the Darlington family in this county. The other married Francis Mc- Cown, and was grandmother of the late Fin- law McCown. One of Matthew Brown's daughters married Harris, of Harrisburg, and used to visit her friends in this county more than sixty years ago. At this time of the settlement of Robert Brown's estate David Mitchell took the river property, and Roger Brown the place on Buf- falo Creek. Roger Brown married Tabitha Morrison in 1767, and had six children as fol- lows : Robert ; William, who died unmarried ; Francis, who shouldered his rifle and started for Kentucky, and was never afterwards heaixl of; Ellen, who never married ; Martha, who mar- ried William Wallis, who served through the Revolutionary W^ar and received for pay a cer- tificate of service which he traded for a set of blacksmith tools (he lived and died on the place now owned by Jacob Kepner) ; Elizabeth, mar- ried Anthony Brandt, the fatiier of the late Chas. C. Brandt, of Greenwood township. In the settlement of Roger Brown's estate his son Robert took the farm. He married Mary Ann Cooper, and had a family of seven children, — William ; Robert, who married be- fore he was of age ; Tabitha, who married Nicholas Miller ; Ella, Susan and Martha died unmarried. At the death of Robert Brown his son William took the north part of the farm and built where Simeon Fleisher now lives. William Brown married Margaret Howe, and had five children, of whom Mrs. Patton, of Ogle County, 111., and Wm. C. Brown, of Liver- pool borough, are living. The farm now owned Ijy Jacob Fleisher was taken up by Job Stretch. He was an outsiwken Loyalist during tiie Revo- lution. The place got too hot for him and he 1100 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. went to Canada. William Brown served as a soldier in the War of 1812-15. Among his papers in possession of his son, Wm. C. Brown, of Liverpool, from whom these facts wei'e ob- tained, are three commissions, signed by Gov- ernors Snyder, Heister and Shultz. MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE. " These are to certify that on Monday, the 11th day of May, in the year of our Lord, 1767, Rodger Brown and Tabitha Morrison were lawfully married by "Thomas Barton, " Missionary for Lancaster, etc." " Received of Rodger Brown thesum of seven shill- ings and six pence, it being for ringing the bell for Margret Guthrie's funeral. I say received by me March 14, 1777. his " Denis X Sweeney." mark Rodger Brown was the scrivener of tlie neigh- borhood in his day, for most of the old papers are in his handwriting. MAEKELSVILLE.' Markelsville is situated on the bank of Big Buffalo Creek, and is about six miles from New Bloomfield and seven miles from New- port. The warrant for the land on which the village stands was issued on the r2th day of February, 1763, to Edward P^lliot, and named " Pretty Meadow." On the 3d day of April, 1769, a warrant was issued to John Peden, of Lancaster County, for the adjoining tract of land, and it was called " Down Patrick." The " Pretty Meadow " tract contained one hundred and twenty acres, and included all the meadow land in and around the village, and is now owned by A. S. Whitekettle, Samuel Bealor, and the land belonging to the Bixler Mill property. The " Down Patrick," or Peden tract, con- tained two hundred and forty acres, and is now owned by A. S. Whitekettle and Samuel Bealor. Both tracts were then included in Ty- rone townshif), Cumberland County. On the 14th of August, 178-2, Edward Elliot conveyed the " Pretty Meadow" tract to ^\'il- liam Wallace, an inn-keeper of the borougii of Carlisle. The same William Wallace became 'By J. S. Markel, Esii. the owner of the " Down Patrick " tract also, underthe following circumstances : John Peden, the patentee, devised this land to his wife, Martha, by his will dated August 1, 1775, in which will we find the following words : " And 1 allow, in case my child dies, that my wife Martha shall have that Plantation lying in Sherman's Valley, known as ' Down Patrick,' she to pay twenty jjounds to the other execu- tor, to be put to use for the Support of a min- ister in Donegal." The said Martha Peden, by her last will and testament, dated the 6th day of January, 1776, bequeathed the said laud to her brother, Wil- liam Wallace. We have no proof of any im- provement of either of these tracts up to this period of time by the owners, but in the year 1775 part of this land was put under cultivation by some squatters, who were driven off by hostile Indians, and it was about the year 1776 or 1777 that Edward Elliot and John Peden began to clear and cultivate this land. We learn, from a letter written by John Peden to Edward Elliot, that squatters had taken posses- sion of these lands, and he advised him to help him to take action to eject these intruders and again possess the lands themselves. While this is the only intimation of a settle- ment on these tracts, yet tradition says that the neighborhood contained settlers at a much earlier day than this. As we have now shown, William Wallace is the owner of both tracts and continues in pos- session until the 7th of August, 1793, when he conveyed both tracts to James McNamara, of the township of Juniata, for and in considera- tion oi' fee hundred and forty pounds. McNa- mara was a man of great energy and proceeded at once to improve his land. He erected the first house in the village of Markelsville, then known as " McNamara's Mill." This house was located about twenty yards north of A. S. Whitekettle's mansion-house. It was burned down some years afterwards. He also erected a grist-mill close to the banks of the creek, just opposite the house mentioned above. The mill was built about 18(t() and contiinied to be used until 1837, when \\'illiam Bosserman, the owner then, erected the j)resent PEEKY COUNTY. 1101 mill farther down the stream. Andrew Shu- man moved to the McNaniara mill about 1805, and, being a millwright himself, improved and completed the mill, and was to receive all the proceeds of the mill for his ]al)or. John Shu- man, who is the son of Andrew, is still living, and from recolleciion can relate many events which occurred in those early days. James McNamara finally sold this entire tract of land to Valentine Smith, who sold twenty-two acres of it to his son John. This twenty-two-acre tract included all the land of the original tract lying on the south side of Big Buffalo Creek, and included the grist and saw-mill, also the land upon which the village proper now stands. The remaining portion of the land he left by will to his other son, Daniel Smith, who sold it to John Bealor, the son of Alarx Bealor, by deed bearing date April 15, 1831. At the death of John Bealor the land was divided, and is to-day owned by Samuel Bealor and A. S. White- kettle. John Smith sold the twenty-two-acre tract to John Weary, and Weary sold to William Bos- serman in the year 1834, and the settlement was then known as " Bosserman's Mill." Bosser- man sold to John Leiby, and Leiby, on the 22(1 of July, 1853, sold to George Markel, Jr., who lived there up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1864. On account of the thrift and enterprise of this man in building and otherwise improving the place, it came to be called after his name, Markelsville. The first store in the community was opened by Jonas Lesh in the house now occupied by Philip Boyer, but he afterwards moved it to the house now occupied by A. S. WhitekettJe as a residence. This was about the year 1810. Afterward Jonas Lesh, Thomas Black and Peter Ouran kept store in the mill-house, which stood on the banks of the race. After these came William Bosserman and George Leiby, who kept store in the old building which stood where the present store-house is built. George Markel, Jr., bought from Leiby, and after re- building and refitting the mansion-house, he kept store there until he died. Daniel Sutman then rented the stand for two years and was succeeded by A. S. Wbitekettle, who afterwards bought the property from the heirs of George Markel, wlio has since erected the commodious store-room he now occupies. The village of Markelsville also includes the site of the town of Little Vienna. In 1809 Alexander Myers, the founder of Vienna, set- tled on the farm now owned by Samuel Carl, and took out a patent for three hundred and sixty-five acres, called " Cowell's Hill." In 1815 he planned and laid out the future city of Vienna on the land directly south of the Luth- eran Church, now owned by David Crist, Esq., George Fleisher and Miss Polly Clark. On the 24th day of INIarch of the same year he made a public auction of the lots and succeeded in disposing of eighteen of them ; each lot con- tained thirty-one perches. Notwithstanding every inducement was held out by the liberal founder to make it a place of importance, yet we find but three houses were erected on the lots, — one by Tailor John Smith, now owned by Esquire Crist; another by George Folk, now the property of Polly Clark ; and the third was built by Isaac Frantz, and is now owneil l)y George Fleisher. A right-of-way to the creek was reserved for the use of the people of Vienna, and a public pass was also provided, but the dream of the founder passed away with him. MARKEI.SVILLE Academy was opened in the old school-hou.se on the hill, known as " Wash- ington Seminary," in the spring of. 1855. Rev. A. R. Height, the first county superintendent of common schools, was the first principal. Rev. George S. Rea became principal after Rev. Height, and continued until 1861, when Pro- fessor George W. Lcsher took charge and con- tinued until 1866, when Dr. C. W. Super taught a term, and was then succeeded by Messrs. Alexander Stephens and Adam Zel- lers. In 1867 Mr. George Markel built a two- story frame house, in which the school was afterwards continued, and the pu])ils were boarded. It is believed that had Mr. Markel, its generous patron, lived, the school would have been jdaced on a permanent basis. But since his death it has been discontinued, and the building is now used as a dwelling. In 1860 1102 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA C0UNTIK8 IN PENNSYLVANIA. this school liad one hundred and twelve boarders. Chir('Hj:s. — Previous to 1840 the people of this neighborhood worshipped in the old stone Presbyterian Church on Middle Ridge, two miles west of Newport. In 1840 Marx Bealor ffave deed for one-half aci'e of ground to the Lutheran and German Presbyterian congrega- tions, on which these two congregations erected a Union Churcii the same year. They continued to use the same church until the year 1882, when the Lutheran congregation withdrew and built a handsome brick church on the lands of George Fleisher. St. Jo/in's (near Markelsville).— In 1839 Rev. John William Heim began to preach in the school-house on the hill near Bosserman's mill. At the same time a Sunday-school was started and held at this school-house. On the 7th of January, 1840, a subscription paper was started to raise the necessary funds to erect a house of worship in the neighborhood of William Bosser- man's mill, on Big Buffalo, and on the land of Marx Bealor, who offered a piece of laud for that purpose as a donation. On the piece of land offered by Bealor, and now embraced in the grave-yard adjoining the church, a number of persons were buried, among ^vhom was Sarah, a daughter of Marx Bealor. There were graves here as early as 1815. The deed for two and one-half perches more than one-half acre between Marx Bealor and his wife, Elizabeth, of .Juniata township, and Philij) Myers, Samuel Lujrfer and William Bosserman, trustees of the religious society in said town- ship and parts adjacent, composed of Lutherans and Presbyterians united, was made the 7th day of August, 1840. The corner-stone of the new church was laid in October, 1840. The build- ing finally agreed upon was a log frame, thirty-five by thirty feet. "Inside it had high galleries on three sides, supported by heavy posts and cross-beams, a high pulpit, high seats, and was in many respects badly arranged." " It seems to have been adapted to make |)reachinggo hard," said Rev. Foclit. This church was dedi- cated in April, I.SH, and called St, John's Church. Revs. Helm and Krns officiated at the dedication. Rev. Helm preached here every four weeks in the German language, and con- tinued his pastoral relations until April, 1849, and he was followed by Rev. Jacob Martin, in the spring of 1850, who preached every third sermon in the Eny;lish lanijuaire, which so offended the German speaking members that they did not attend the communion service. Rev. Martin resigned in March, 1852, and was succeeded in the following year by Rev. William Gerhardt, who continued until the 12th of June, 185."5, when his resignation was accepted, and ou the 1st of March, 1854, Rev. Adam Height entered upon his pastoral duties. Rev. Height \\as elected the first county superintendent of schools in June of this year. On the 1st of June, 1855, Rev. David H. Focht entered upon his pastoral duties at Xew Bloomfield, with which this church formed part of the charge. A new lot was surveyed Octo- ber 22, 1859, which was bought by B. F. Bealor, on which a new brick building, sixty by forty feet, was built. St. Samuel's Lutheran Church. — The or- ganization of this congregation and the first building of this church was in Raccoon Val- ley, Tuscarora township, from whence it was removed and located on land of Isaiah Mitchell. Rev. William Weaver organized the congrega- tion in March, 1850, and upward of forty jier- sons united themselves in that organization, and again reorganized on the 20th of February, 1857, with seven members, to which, soon af- ter, fifteen more were added, so that the congre- gation then consisted of twenty two members. The corner-stone of this building was laid and the usual documents deposited on the 2Gth of Sejitendier, 1851. This building was of frame thirty-five by forty feet in size. MidiUe Ridge Church.^ — After Dick's Gap Church, now in Miller township, was aban- ove tiie railroad were the one wliere J. S. Leiby's dwelling is, and the other where the old photo- graph gallery was, by Samuel and H. Gantt. The first house on Second Street was built by Dr. Dolan, where John Fleisher's house now stands. In 1829 Daniel Reider built a house of sawed logs on the site of Jacob Hap2:)le's dwell- ing-house and furniture rooms. At this time there was but one store and that was kept by 1122 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. E. Bosserraan and Samuel Beaver. The first tavern was kept in 18-')5 by John Sipe, in the building which he rented, and then stood on Butz's corner. Up to this time thei'e had been no whiskey sold along the river, between Dun- can's Island and Lewistown, when the Irish- men had to go to JNIilford for their " bitters." An inconvenience which was felt, and Sipe, in meeting it, did a very large " whiskey busi- ness." The second house erected on Second Street was the warehouse now occupied by Koughs, tiie grain and commission merchants. In this warehouse was stored the first lot of flour ever brought to Newport. It was shipped from the mouth of Little Buffalo Creek in an ark built by E. Bosserman and James Everhart. The ark's cargo consisted of this flour and pig- iron, manufactured by Everhart at Juniata furnace, then in operation, and was sold at Port Deposit. In 1831 Samuel Sipe bought the lot M'here the log blacksmith shop stood, and started the hotel A\here the Central now stands. The opening of the Samuel " Sipe House " closed the John " Sipe House," and caused John. to go to Mijford and take charge of the tavern there. Philip Reamer built the first brick house in the borough limits, which Henry Myers tore down to make room fur his new brick house. John Fite Iniilt the hinise which is now occupied by Jacob Tibliens. Within the memory of t!ie oldest persons now livino; in tiio town all the land above Fourth Street was a woods in which these old men, when boys, set snares for rabbits. Schools. — The first settlers of Reiderville had their diildren taught to road, write and cy- pher by George Monroe, in a building known as the " Old Mansion," within the present borough limits. After this the pupils attended school at the various places in Oliver township, of which it was a part, until 1826, when the school of the community was removed from H. S, Smith's to a small, one-story house belonging to John Reider, east of the street leading to Ijittle Buffalo, and quite near to the creek. In this house the following persons taught school at the times given: John Ruth, 1825; John Ferguson, 182G, '27 and '28. This house con- tinued to be " the chief seat of learning" until the angry waters of the creek swept it away. The next school was taught at Clouser's school- house, near the present residence of James Hahn. In 1829, '30 and '31 by A. W. Mon- roe, John Ferguson and Jacob Gantt. The building has, since that time, been destroyed by fire. The next school was one of greater preten- sions, having two departments, — a room occu- pied by the boys and another in which the rec- itations were heard and the "sums done by the teachers for the boys," was occupied by the girls. This school was kept in the building known as the Barracks, situated between Cen- tral Hotel and the canal, by Dr. Dolan in 1832-33. The old brick school-house on Second Street was built by contributions from the citizens and a select school taught in it the year it was built, in 1834, by John Ferguson. After the adoption of the free-school system, this was the first pnhlic school-house of the district. The lower school- house was built in 1846. Arnold Lobau^h tauy-ht the first school in it. In 1839, Stewart Low was employed by the Oliver school board aud taught a three months' term in the Newport school-room. The town was incorporated in 1840. C. P. Barnett was the teacher that year aud in 1843 Isaac Mutch. The Ibllowing is a list of teachers: 1845, Margaret A. Monroe; 1846, R. Wolf, A. AV. Monroe; 1848-49, Jesse L. Butz, Arnold Lo- baugh and John Adair; 1850-54, H. G. Milan. In 1852 the term was five months. The other teachers during this time were I. H. Zinn and J.D. C.Johns; 1856, A. M. Gantt and J. E. Bon- sall ; 1857-59, Isaac T. Woods and Miss H. Cooper were teachers. In 1865 a new brick school-house was built. The contractors were George and John FIcisher, who received six thousand dollars for erecting: the building. In 1865, George W. Bietz and John S. Campbell were teachers; in 1866, George W. Bietz, Misses Cleaver and S. F. Jones. In 1867, Silas Wright rented the house for five mouths during the summer, and started his Normal School. The winter schools this year were graded and were taught by (Jcorge PERRY COUNTY. 1123 W. Bietz, and Misses Murray and Passmore. In 18G8, W. H. Hencli, G. AV." Miller, Mrs. A. L. Hench. In 1869, W. H. Hench John San- derson, George W. Zlun, E. T. Williams In 1870, W. H. Hench taught; T. C. Sanderson, No. 2, and G. W. Zinn, No. .3. In 1872, H. B. Zimmerman, Joseph S. Campbell, No. 2, W. H. Stutzman, Miss Sue B. Myers. In 1874, John S. Campbell, Miss C. E. Arnokl, J. C. Toomey, A. M. Gantt and Miss Maggie Louver. In 1875, John S. Campbell, J. M. Dunn, J. M. Fiickinger, A. M. Gantt and J. B. Howe, for No. 5. In 1876, '77, '78, John S. Campbell, H. C. Gantt, Amos Kough, William A. Smith, A. M. Gantt and J. B. Howe, No. 5. In 1879, John S. Campbell, Isaiah E. Stephens, W. A. Smith, Anna S. Brown and A. M. Gantt. In 1881 there was a seven-months term, and S. B. Fah- nestoek, William A. Smith, Anna S. Brown, Kate E. Meyer, A. M. Smith and Katie L. Howe. In 1882, Rev. George E. Zehner, Lloyd S. Fry, Anna S. Brown, Laura Hounstine, A. M. Gantt and Katie L. Howe. In 1883, Jno. S. Campbell, William A. Smith, Laura Hounstine, A. M. Gantt and Katie L. Howe. In 1884, Jno. S. Campbell, J. C. F. Ste- phens, Helen V. Lane, A. M. Gantt, Laura Hounstine and Katie L. Howe. In 1885, Ellas Wright, Kate E. Mover, A. M. Gantt, Alice Bentzell, Helen V. Lane and Mary W. McCnllough. The PnoTESTANT Episcopal Church. — ■ The first Episcopal service was held in JNIrs. Bechtel's parlor, on the 28th of March, 1875. In this year a Sabbath-school was organized with ten teachers and pupils. In 1876 this school numbered one hundred and twenty-six pupils and ten teachers. Mrs. Bechtel was the first superintendent, and is still in the work. The missionaries are Thomas O. Tongue, Alfred J. Billow, C. E. D. Griffith, John Gregson, S. K. Boyer, James Stoddard at present. Evangelical Church. — The members of the Evangelical association sold out their inter- est in "The L^nion Church " in 1843, and soon afterwards the congregation was organized. In 1849 this cong-reo-ation bonght the old INI. E. Church which stood on a lot fronting Walnut Street, between Second Street and the Pennsyl- vania Railroad, for one thousand four hundred and fifty dollars, which they repaired to last until 1878, when the new brick church, size, thirty-two by sixty feet, was built. The audi- torium of this church has a recess pulpit and a vestibule at the entrance. The building has a bell and tower, and cost two thousand five hun- dred dollars. The Sabbath-school numbers one hundred teachers, officers and pupils. Henry Smith is superintendent of the Sunday-school. The ministers have been Revs. D. W. Miller, U. F. Swengle, H. A. Deiterick, John A. Ir- vine, A. Stapleton, G. W. Currin, George E. Zehner, P. S. Orwig, R. W. Runyon and E. Swengle. Christ's Reformed Church.' — The Re- formed Church in Newport stands in organic relation with the General Synod of the Re- formed Church of the United States. The Newport Congregation was organized, in 1820, by the Rev. Jacob SchoU, its first regular pastor, who continued in this relation till death in 1847, and was succeeded by the following named pastors in the order here given — Revs. Daniel Gans, Samuel Kuhn, David W. Kelley, William F. Colliflower, James Crawford, John Kretzing, and Rev. W. R. H. Deatrich, the present pastor. Up to the ministry of the Rev. William F. Colliflower, the congregation worshipped in the "Old Union Church," of wiiich this congregation owned a one-tliird share. This interest the congregation sold to the Presbyterian and Evangelical Lutheran Congregations, in June, 1869, for nine hun- dred dollars. The present large and commo- dious church Avas built in 1869 at a co.st of nearly seven thousand dollars. The building committee was composed of William Bo.sser- man, Sr., John W. Smith, Dr. .Joshua Singer, Josiah Fickes, of Henry, Charles K. Smith, Charles Bressler, and Isaiah Carl. The congregation received its charter in 1868. In 1874, during the ministry of Rev. James Crawford the parsonage was built at a cost of 1 By Rev. W. R. II. Deatrich. 1124 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. three thousand and thirty-five dollars. The building committee was composed of James B. Leiby, John W. Smith, Elias B. Leiby and Jacob Saucerman. The congregation has a membership of two hundred and thirty-eight. The Sunday-school was organized, in 1869, with about fifty pupils. George Ickes was the first superintendent. He was in turn succeeded by Elias B. Leiby, Jeremiah V. Fickes, James B. Leiby. The school now has one hundred and seventy-eight pupils and teachers. Lutheran Church. — About 18-30 Rev. John William Heim preached for the Lutheran families of Newport, in school-houses and priv- ate dwellings. In 1842 he was requested to preach in the English language, as well as in German. In November, 1843, Rev. Levi T. Williams preached his first sermon here in the old brick school-house. The congregation was organized on the 14th of January, 1844, when the following-named persons were installed its officers : Daniel Reider, senior elder ; Godfrey Lenig and Henry D. Smith, deacons. This congregation, in connection with the Reformed and Presbvterian congregations, began the erec- tion of the Union Ciiurch, which cost twelve hundred dollars, and was dedicated on the 23d of May, 1847. The Rcfi)rmed congregation sold their interest in this church. In 1873 the Lutherans sold their interest to the Presbyte- rians for two thousand three hundred and ninety dollars. The contract for building and furnisliingthe materials of a new church was given to Joshua Swecger for ten thousand dollars. It is built in the Romanesque style of architecture. The Grace tower is one hundred and twenty five feet high, and the bell in this tower weighs nine hundred pounds. The auditorium lias a recess and end-gallery, and, including this gal- lery, will seat five hundred ])ersons. The members of this congregation were connected with New Bloomfield Gliurch until ISfiS, when a new charge was formed of Newjiort, St. Samuel's and Buckes YaUcy. In 1879 New- port became a separate charge. The ministers in order have been John William Heim, 1830-42. Ll'vi T. Williams, 1843-45. Lloyd Knight, 1845-49. Jacob Martin, 1849-52. William Gerhardt, 1852-53. Adam Height, 1853-54. David H. Foeht, June, 1855, to 1863. P. P. Lane, October, 1863, to 1866. George F. SheaflTer, August, 1866, to 1871. A. H. Aughe, November, 1871, to 1876. M. Colver, May, 1876, to 1881. W. B. Glandiug, August, 1881, to 1885. J. T. Gladhill, May, 1885. The only pipe-organ in the Synod of Central Pennsylvania was dedicated by the Lutheran Church, of Newport, on the 25th of January, 1885. Charles E. Bosserman is the present organist. Presbyterian Church. — On the 1st of May, 1846, John Wiley and Barbara, his wife, sold to A. B. Maxwell, Jacob Loy and John Fickes, trustees of the church named and styled " The Union Chui'ch of Newport," a lot, on wiiich a church was built. The corner-stone of this church was laid on Tuesday, the 12rh day of May, 1846, Revs. Knight and ShoU offi- ciating. At the dedication, on Whitsunday, the 23d of May, 1847, Revs. Knight, Sholl, and Weaver participated in the exercises. A handsome building was erected during the past year by this congregation. The Sunday-school con- nected with the congregation was organized in 1873, and now has one hundred members. The church membership is forty. The elders. Dr. Mateer, 1873 ; George Jacobs, 1873 ; John A.Crawford, 1873; George Campbell, James Everhart, Thomas H. Milligan, H. C. Gantt, William H. Bosserman, J. C. Barrett and A. M. Gantt. Methodist Episcopal Church. — James Black gave a deed on the 19th of October, 1836, to the trustees and preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church for a lot on whicli was built a church for tiie Methodists. This church occupied the site of the new brick Evangelical church. The date of the church organization has not been jircserved. The Sabbath-school was organized in 1837. On April 26, 1869, the committee appointed to sell the old church building, reported the sale to the Evan- gelical Association for one thou.'-:aud fi)ur Inin- PEKRY COUNTY. 1125 (Ired and fifty dollars, and that they had re- ceived the rbht to use the old buildiiio- until October, 1869. The new church was dedi- cated on the 6th of January, 1871. It is sur- mounted by a tower, in which there is a large bell. Tlie entire cost of the church was fifteen thousand dollars. The ministers were the same as those given in the history of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Millerstown. Newspapers. — The Newport Standard was started September 1, 1841, by Samuel Sehrack. This paper was a weekly, eighteen by twelve inches in size, and had five columns. The press was removed to Bloomfield and continued from August 22, 1844, as Perry County Standard, by J. D. Crilly. The Newport Ledger was established INIay 1, 1875, at Millerstown, by the present proprietor, George Schrom. He removed it to Newport November 25, 1876, and named it The Ledger. On April 22, 1882, the present name was selected. It is a four-page paper, thirty-one by forty-four inches in size, and an excellent local journal. Newport News was first issued by Herman Smith, with E. T. Williams as editors and pro- prietors, as a weekly. In December, 1869, the materials of the Newport Neus were pur(;hased by George Schrom, and the publication of the paper, which at that time was suspended, began. The paper was enlarged to a seven column, single sheet, weekly. On the 24th of July, 1874, George Schrom sold his interest to Wil- liam H. Miuich, who transferred it to H. B. Zimmerman, who continued the publication for a time, and after several changes it came into the hands of the present publishers and propri- etors, Messrs. Cook & Fry, who have made the paper a six column, double sheet. The Newport Gazette, after being removed from Millerstown, was begun on the 29th of April, 1858, and continued until the 20th of September, 1859, by Klauser & Bowman, who were the editors and proprietors. It was a five column, eighteen by twelve, four page weekly. Banks. — Juniata Valley Branch Bank, of Newport, M'as organized in September, 1873, and continued until 1876, when it was discon- tinued and J. H. Irwin, the cashier, was elect- ed to a similar position in the Newport Deposit Bank, which was organized December 12, 1866, by the election of Perry Kreamer, president ; Isaac Wright, cashier, and Chas. A. Wriglit, teller, and reorganized March 23, 1867, with John Wright president and Isaac Wright cashier, and these officers continued until 1872, when new articles of association were adopted and a reorganization took place January 2, 1872, with Thomas H. Milligan president and Isaac Wright cashier and J. ^I. Wright, teller. In 1876 J. H. Irwin was elected cashier and has continued since. Mr. Milligan has served as pi'esideut from the date of his first election. From the first organization it was in the Bailey building until 1877, in January, when it was moved to its present place. The Peoples' Bank, of Newport, was organized August 19, 1875, with a capital stock of fifteen thousand dollars. The officers then were Dr. J. E. Singer, president, and W. S. Rickenbaugh, cashier. The first directors were P. M. Kep- ner, H. C. Lewis, John Bair, Jerame Hetrick, Charles K. Smith and Joseph B. Leiby. In 1886 the officers are John Bair, president; P. K. Brandt, cashier. Directors in 1886 are John Bair, P. M. Kepner, H. C. Lewis, Charles K. Smith, William Wertz, Jas. B. Leiby, P. K. Brandt. G. A. R. Post. — Lieutenant Arnold Lo- baugh G. A. R. Post, No. 297, of Newport, was instituted on the 13tK of January, 1883, with the following charter members : Joshua Sweger, D. J. Klinepeter, A. Frederick Keim, Elias Beaumont, Samuel Clay, Josiah Ziegler, Joiin Audei'son, H. Clay Jones, Daniel K. Smith, Samuel Graham, Nehemiah Arndt, I. iSI. Etter, John ]\I. Barrick. Number of members at the present time ninety. Thaddeus C. Reider Camp, S. of V., U. S. A., of Newport, was instituted on the 8th of April, 1884, with the following charter members: F. A. Fry, C. P. Brown, Elton H. Wallace, T. O. Fleck," F. P. Whitmer, S. E. Whitmer, W. H. Sailor, Jno. L. Crist, C. B. Crist, W. H. Wertz, I. T. Toland, I. M. Wolf, F. D. Tate, T. J. Hopple, J. M. Lenney, W. E. Lenney, G. F. Wright, I. M. Cook, II. E. Cook, H."^ B. Eby, W. H. Fleurie, L. J. Crist, H. Brown, H. H. 1126 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHAXNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Frank, I. J. Frank, F. Flickinger, C. B. Gantt, C. E. Troup, E. D. Kliaepeter. Number of members at the present time thirty-three. Newport Lodge, No. 102, of I. O. of O. F., of Pennsylvania, was instituted on tlie 18th of March, 1845, with eight charter members. There are sixty members at present. Newport Lodge, No. 381, A. Y. M. was instituted in 1867 witli eight charter members. The members at present time number thirty- six. Newport Chapter, No. 238, K. A. M., was established with ten charter members. CHAPTER XXIV. OLIVER TOWNSHIP.' Oi.iVER township borders on the Juniata River for about six miles, from the southern line of Tuscarora township to the great bend between Newport and Baily-sburg. It is bounded on tlie ■west by Juniata and Centre townships, and on the south by Miller, and its entire area does not exceed twenty square miles. Excepting the margin of the river, where some flat and alluvial land occurs, the whole surface of the township is hilly and much of it wooded. No heavy timber exi.sts, the demands of the charcoal furnaces in years past having caused its destruction. Limestone Ridge, extending from Centre town- ship, pa.sses through its southern angle and af- fords the only sup])ly of limestone of any value that is contained within its limits. The Buffalo Hills run ])arallel and a short dis- tance north of Limestone Ridge. They are not continuous, but broken by deep passes or gaps. There is consequently no gathering ground of suftieient extent to produce a considerable stream. All the runs that issue from the springs among the hills find their way through one or another of these gaps into the basin on the north side of the range. Middle Ridge and Limestone Ridy-e form the northern and southern boundaries respectively of the basin of the Little Buffalo Creek, which 'Silas Wri";lit. falls into the Juniata at Newport, and is there used to supply mill-power and ice. In the northern part of the township the western bank of the river is fenced in by high cliffs close to the water, while the bank on the other side is comparatively low. The reverse is the case just above Newport.^ Formation of Town.ship. — A petition was pi-esented to the court of Perry County, at the January term of 1836, signed by eighty-nine per.sons, as follows: " The petition of the subscribers, inhabitants of the townships of Buffalo, Juniata and Cen- tre, in said County, respectfully represents that they labor under great inconvenience in many respects for want of a new township to be erec- ted out of the townships of Buffalo, Juniata and Centre, and therefore pray the Court to ap- point persons to view and lay out the same ac- cording to law, and the boundaries of the Gen- eral Election District of Newport, which are as f_)llows, to wit : " Beginning at the Juniata River at the line between Centre and Wheatfield townships; thence across the Juniata River at the line to Buffahj township ; thence up the said river to the house of James Shield, including the same ; thence a northern course to Thomas Boyd's, including his house; along the line of said Boyd and Swift north, til! they intersect the line between Buf- falo and Greenwood townships; thence along said line to the Juniata River; thence up the same to the Rope Ferry ; thence across the Jun- iata River to the house of Abraham Reider, in- cluding the same ; thence a through course to the house of Samuel Murray, including the same; thence a straight Hue to the house of Peter Werts, including the same; thence a straight .southerly line to the hou.se of John Bre.ssler, and including the same ; thence a south course to the top of Limestone Ridge in Cen- tre township ; thence an easterly course to a saw-mill, known as ' Stengle's old saw-mill;' thence the same course till it intersects the line between Wheatfield and Penn townships; thence along said line to the place of beginning. And we, as in duty bound, will pray." 2 Clnjpole. PERRY COUNTY. 1127 In accordance with this request, the court, on Jauuar}- (3th, appointed William West, Esq., Andrew Linn, Esq., and Robert Irvine the viewers. No report was made until the No- vember session in 1837. The report was signed by William West and Robert Irvine, and was in favor of the erection of a new town- ship with substantially the boundaries suggested iu the petition. The report was confirmed by court November 11, 1837, and the township named Oliver, after Oliver Hazard Perry. Early Land-Ownees axd their Loca- tions.— David English took up fifty-two acres on Juniata River for a fishery, which was sur- veyed to him in 1788. William Darlington took up a tract of two hundred and ninety-two acres on the Juniata River aud Big Buffalo Creek, adjoining Wil- liam West, on warrant issued May 14, 1755. This tract was soon after taken in the right of Darlington by David English. David English also took up the following tracts: Two hun- dred acres above on same creek, two hundred and twenty aci-es and two hundred and thirty- five acres on order of October 23, 176G, one hundred and ten acres on warrant of 1774, two hundred and nineteen acres on warrant of 1766, four hundred acres on warrant of December 14, 1785, two hundred and thirty-six acres on order of June, 1768. Adjoining the lands of David, John English had eight hundred and three acres, of which, for two hundred and fifty-two acres, tiie order was issued in September, 1767. The tract on which Newport was built was taken up on three warrants, which were issued to David English, and dated May 14, 1755, December 30 and 31, 1762, respectively, for one hun- dred and forty-four acres, two hundred and thirty-eight acres and one hundred and fifteen acres — total, four hundred and ninety-seven acres, — and was surveyed on the 21st of October, 1 765. These tracts have a frontage of two hundred and thirty-eight rods on the Juniata River, from the mouth of Little Buffalo Creek to the mouth of Big Buffalo Creek. INDUSTRIES. In June, 1875, W. R. S. Cook purchased a plot of ground in East Newport, Oliver town- ship, from Dr. J. E. Singer, on which he placed a twenty-five horse-power steam portable saw- mill, the capacity of which was ten thousand feet of lumber per day. Soon after the erection of the saw-mill a shingle-mill was added. In 1881 Mr. Cook bought more land from Dr. Singer and built on the site of the first mill the two-story building still in use. In 1885 another building, forty- two by sixty feet, was erected near to the saw-mill and a planing-mill was started. The capacity of the several mills belonging to the firm of W. R. S. Cook & Co. are as fol- lows : Saw-mill, eighteen thousand feet per day ; shingle-mill, ten thousand feet per day ; lath-mill, fifteen thousand feet per day ; plan- ing-mill will dress twenty thousand feet in a day. Four million feet of lumber have been cut and shipped from the mill in one year. The logs are taken out of the canal, in which they are towed from the Susquehanna to one end of the mill, while a private railroad siding is at the other end, where the cars are loaded with lumber for shipping. The saw-mills, when in full blast, give em- ployment to twenty-five men and boys, and the planing-mill requires ten additional hands. A fifty horse-power engine furnishes the motive- power for this machinery. Marshall Furnace. — The land for the Marshall Furnace was purchased from Elias Fisher, of Habecker Town. The furnace was built in 1871-72 by Egle, Phillips & Co. Wil- liam Houck, of Lancaster, was the contractor. The Marshall Brothers are the present propri- etors and the firm is known as " The Marshall Iron Co." Major P. Hiestand is the superin- tendent and George Keller is the fouudryman. This furnace, when first started, made from twenty to twenty-five tons of iron per day of twenty-four hours. The stock now consumed per month is three thousand tons of iron-ore, one thousand eight hundred tons of coal and coke and one thousand tons of limestone. It gives employment to forty-two hands. Glue-Factory. — A two-story building, fifty-one by eighty-four feet, was erected on a lot of two acres of ground situated between the furnace and lot of C.Ripman, iu 1881, aud 1128 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the manufacture of glue commenced and has been continued by the proprietor, James Mor- row. The annual production of the establish- ment is one hundred thousand pounds of glue and eighty thousand pounds of grease ; the glue is shipped to Philadelphia, Baltimore and Pitts- burgh. In the manufacturing operations of this establishment seven men are employed. The materials for these products are obtained along the Pennsylvania Central and the North- ern Central railroads and in Chicago. Bechtel's Tannery. — In 1872 John A. Bechtel & Sou [nirchased about three acres of land in Oliver township, just outside of the borough limits, at the end of Second Street and extending to Water Street, on which they have erected the following buildings : A two-story stone, two hundred and twenty-five by fifty-five feet ; a one-story stone, one hundred and forty by thirty-five feet; a one-story stone, fifty by thirty-five feet; a one-story office, twenty by thirty feet ; and three bark-sheds each two hun- dred by thirty-five feet. In 1875 John A. Bechtel died, but the bus- iness has been continued under the original firm- name by H. H. Bechtel, the juniorpartner. The annual consumption of bark is from four thousand five hundred to five thousand tons, which is used in producing so fine a qual- ity of oak sole-leather that it finds ready sales in the principal cities of this country and Eu- rope. The receiving and shipping is facilitated by a railroad siding. Tiie operations of this manufiictory require the services of about fifty juen. A Hennery. — On a two-acre lot in East Newport, Hursh & Fulton have erected two buildings, attached ; the one called the coop is ninety-six by ten feet in size, with windows on one side ; the other is two-story and is twenty- four by fourteen feet in size, and is called the hatching and brooding-house. The proprietors purpose putting in four incubators, having a ca- pacity of two iuindred eggs each. The stock at this time numbers four hundred fowls of mixed breeds. Blooded stock will be made a specialty. Esiielman's Miel. — The tract of one hun- dred and eighty-five acres of land on which the grist-mill was built was warranted June 5, 1772, to William West, Jr., who sold to David Eng- lish, September 3, 1772, and on the 22d of April, 1 790, the sheriff sold the land and grist- mill to Christopher Myers, of whom Dr. Daniel Fahnestock, of Warrington, York County, Pa., bought on the 7th of December, 1790. In 1814 this mill and property thereunto belonging was assessed in the ownership of Joseph Zinn. The original building was of stone and in size sixty by fifty feet. In 1873 A. Overholtzer was the owner, and built the brick part on top of the stone and added to the machinery. The present owner, M. B. Eshelman, added the plaster-mill. The saw-mill belonging to the property does a custom business. These mills are all driven by the water-power of Little Buffalo Creek. Everhart's Steam-Mill. — In 1881 James Everhart, Jr., & Brother erected a steam grist and saw-mill, on the New Bloomfield road, about a mile from Newport. After about a year's trial of burrs it was con- cluded to refit the mill and furnish it witii rollers. This was done and it was given a manufacturing capacity of twenty-five barrels of flour per day. This is the only roller-mill in the county, and it is taxed to its full capacity to supply the demand for the flour. The Messrs. Everhart have begun the erec- tion of a warehouse near the mill, which, with their tenant-houses along the road towards their farm building, point to a village of considerable size at no very distant day. Across the creek from Everhart's is Fleurie's brick-yard, and a few rods west and across the creek again is the grove, in which for the last two years the colored people have held a camp- meeting. west NEWPORT. West Newport was never regularly laid out, but contains a population of about one hundred and eighty, who live in houses built between the Pennsylvania Railroad and the extension of Water Street, in Newport borough. It is also called Singertowu, because many of the houses were erected by Dr. J. E. Singer, who owned the srround. I PERKY COUNTY. 1129 Mrs. M. B. Eslielman, has a greenhouse, from which she furnishes cut flowers at all times, and garden and house plants in season. W. F. B. Garber, grain and commission mer- chant in East Newport, is at the corner of Fourth Street and Xew Bloomfield road. Theo. Butturf, beer bottling and ice, and H. Shope, dealer in butter and eggs and poultry, are in the building near the warehouse. EAST NEWPORT. The land of the original plot of East Newport wa.s purchased and laid out by J. B. Habecker in 1866, and has now a furnace, glue-factory and hennery, of which description has been given, and William Wertz's and Elias Fisher's groceries on Fourth Street. The population is about two hundred. Schools. — The fii-st public school-house erected in the limits of Oliver township was Mount Fairview, in 1839. It was built on a lot containing four square rods, for whicli Abra- ham Deardorff gave deed, for the consideration of five dollars, to Director William Howe, Abraham Zeigler, I. Reider, J. Loy, G. Frank and B. Horting. The present brick building is the third on the ground, and when built in 1873 an addi- tional half-acre was purchased which was added to the school grounds. James Rooney was the first teacher in this house. In 1841 part of the district was deprived of school, having no suitable building. This caused the building- of " Evergreen " schocl- house, occupied first in 1842, with Dr. R. S. Brown as teacher. The first places of instruction in Oliver were subjected to many changes, owing to the fact that the same old shop or part of a dwelling could not always be secured for successive terms. The first school was taught at the pres- ent residence of Josiah Fickes by Josiah English in 1812. His successors in the same building were David McConaughy, Richard Henry Swayne, Thomas Butler, Valentine Varnes and Jouas Schofield. Varnes had a disabled arm, caused by trying to effect an entrance in a school- house in IMillerstown during a " barring out " niHee. This school was next moved to the res- idence of Henry S. Smith, and was taught one term by Jonas Schofield. After this the school was moved and regular- ly kept in the Reider school-house, which will be described and located in describing the schools of Newport. Prior to 1830 there was a school-house at the residence of Harvey L. Troup. This school was attended by pupils from the other side of the river, in Greenwood township. Hiel North was the first teacher here. Afterwards this school was moved to the residence of David Mitchell, and taught by James English in 1830. In 1831 the school was taught by John Jones where B. Baltozer lived, in 1832 it was taught by A. W. Mon- roe at the residence of John Deardorff. In this school was taught surveying in addition to the common school branches of the times. In 1834 the school was taught by Henry Beatty in a house where Mr. Barstow resides. From this time until Newport became a borough, in 1840, the pupils of this neighbor- hood were permitted to attend school at the old brick school-house on Second Street. On the 19th of December, 1839, the school board articled with C. P. Barnett to teach at Deardorff's school-house for a three months' term, at the rate of eighteen dollars per month, In 1842, John McCullough taught a three months' term at sixteen dollars per month. In 1844-45, Joel Lobaugh taught for the same length of term and a like salary per month. In 1846, Geo. W. Bosserman, and in 1847, Ezra Patton, and in 1850, A. M. Gantt, were the teachers in this house, for the same salary and the same leno;th of term as before. In 1846, Abraham Ziegler and wife gave deed for one-tenth of an acre of ground, on which the school-house was erected. In 1872 the directors purchased one hundred and three and a half perches of ground for seventy dollars, near the old site, and on it erected a brick building; this was afterwards remodeled and another story added to it for two schools. The third house, known as "Loy's," was erected in 1844, on one-tenth of an acre, for which a deed was given by Jacob Loy and wife for five dollars. Arnold Lobaush was the first teacher in this 1130 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. house. In 1870 the directors purchased an acre of land from John Aker, and on it erected the brick liouse known as "Aker's." The fourth school-house was built in 1874, on a lot of five thousand one hundred and eigh- teen square feet, purchased for one hundred and fifty dollars from William Morris and wife. Miss Sue Myers was the fii'st teacher in this house. In 1885 the school-houses are (Fairview near the site of the Deardorffs), Evergreen Graded, High and Primary and East Newport Gi'aded, High and Primary. The term is five months, and the wages thirty dollars per month. Cemetery. — On March 31, 1863, Henry L. Smith and Mary Ann, his wife, of Oliver town- ship, gave deed to Samuel Bressler, George Fleisher, Philip Bosserman, trustees of the New- port Cemetery Association, for three acres, and six perches of land in two lots, known as lots Nos. 1 and 2. On the 2(jth of January, 18(J3, prior to the purchase of the ground, an organization had been effected with George Campbell, president; J. Don L. Gantt, secretary; and Captain A. C. Clempson, Henry L. Smith, Watson L. Gantt, Dr. J. B. Eby, Jacob Miller, Wm. T. Fickes and Benjamin Fickes as trustees. On the 2d of January, 1875, Henry L. Smith sold three oi' four more acres of laud to the as- sociation. This is a regularly chartered com- pany and the cemetery is the best cared for in the county. Old VoTrNG-PLACE.— The old "English Mill" standing above the crossing of the public road, on the east bank of Big Buffalo Creek, about a mile and a half west of Newport, was made the voting-place for the Sixth District,- consisting of Rye and Greenwood townshijjs, by act of September, 1787. This old mill was torn down when tlic forge was built by Reaves & Co., below the road near to this place. Mr. J. B. Habecker was superintendent of the forge. It has long been abandoned. Colonel John iMitchell came to Lancaster County from Ireland between 1750 and 1770, and from thence removed to the Georgia Barnett farm, at New Bloomfield, prior to 1800. His coming to America was no doubt hastily decided upon. A friend of his had been elected a mem- ber of Parliament, and voted against a measure for which he was pledged ; this so much dis- pleased Mitchell and roused his Irish blood, that, meeting him on the London bridge and failing to receive satisfactory reasons for his infidelity, he at once and there proceeded to use his cane. After the heat of passion had passed he saw his mistake, and that the punishment for what he had done was either decapitation or leave for America. He chose the latter, and located first in Lancaster County, and, after the close of the Revolution, moved (vvith his son David Mitchell) to the farm known as the Bar- nett farm. The letter here given is of interest in connec- tion with Colonel Mitchell's military career: " In Council, September 2, 1780. "Sir : His excellency the President of the State, having received orders from General Washington to dismiss the militia for the present, but to hold them- selve-i in readiness to m:u'oh at an hour's warning ; We hereby direct you to discharge the Cumberland Militia now under your command at Lancaster on the conditions above expressed. At the same time expressing our warmest acknowledgments of the readiness with which your militia have tiu'ned out on this occasion and make no doubt, but on every future call, they will manifest the like zeal in the cause of the country. " Your Most Honorable Servant, " William Moore, Vice-President. " To Colonel John Mitchell, " Commanding the Cumberhnd Militia at Lin- caster." As an evidence of the exactness with which Colonel Mitchel transacted business, the letter bears the following endorsement: " Rec. this letter on the 5th day of Sept., at 3 o'clock P. ]\I." Colonel John Mitchell died, at an advanced age, a few vears after, and was buried in the old Poplar Hill burying-ground, on the Mc- Kee place. David Mitchell sold his improve- ment right to Thomas Barnett, who, in 1785, took out a warrant for the land. After leav- ing the Barnett farm David jNIitchell moved to Raccoon A'alley, and from thence to the well-known Mitchell's place, on the Juniata, in Oliver township. From the best information now extant, David Mitchell, the father of Rob- ert Mitchell, who was a member of the Legisla- II PERRY COUNTY. 1131 ture from Cumberland County for more than twenty years, was a brother of Colonel John, who lies buried iu the old Poplar Hill burial- place, one aud a half miles northwest of New Bloomfield, on the McKee farm. The writer interviewed Robert Mitchell (in 1872), who Mas one of the first board of county commissioners, aud obtained from him the fol- lowing items of interest: "I am now in my ninetieth year ; ^vas one of the first board of county commissioners in Perry County; have lived on this place since I was three years old. I remember when the deer were so plenty that, from September to January, thirty-seven were driven into the Juniata River below the rope ferry." CHAPTER XXV. MILLER TOWNSHIP.! This township occupies the great bend of the Juniata from the border of Oliver on the north, to that of Wheatfield on the south. It touches Centre for a short distance on the west, but its longest boundary is the Juniata River. It oc- cupies a greater length of the bank of this river than any other township in the county. " Four distinct parallel ridges traverse Miller town- ship from east-northeast to west-souihwest and deter- mine the main features in its physical geography — Buffalo Hills, Limestone Ridge, Mahauoy Ridge and Dicks Hill. No stream of any importance is found within its limits. The largest is Losh's Run, which drains its southern portion and of which one arm forms its dividing line from Wheatfield township. The basin of this stream is bounded by Mahanoy Ridge and Dick's Hill. Another stream of smaller size, Bai- ley's Run, drains the narrow basin between Mahanoy Ridge and Limestone Ridge, and falls at Bailysburg. Miller township is divided into two parts by the triple ridge that traverses it as mentioned. Its three parts diverge, from the central knob or focus at Pine Grove and Bailysburg." '' Miller township was named after David Miller by Hon. Joseph Bailey. An act of Assembly of March 11, 1852, creating the township was as follows : "That all that portion of Oliver and Wheat- 1 By Silas Wright. ' Claypole. field townships in the County of Perry, begin- ning at the Juniata River ; thence alony; the I lines of Joseph Trimmer and Alexander's heirs, ; aud between said Trimmer aud David Smith and Bosserman's heirs to the middle of the back road ; thence iu a straight liue to a hickory tree, a corner between the lauds of Joseph Bailey and Cathcart and Deweese, on the top of Butfido Ridge ; thence westwardly along the top of said ridge to a poiut one-half mile west of the State road ; thence in a straight line to the top of the Limestoue ridge where the line dividing Oliver aud Centre townships crosses said ridge; thence southwardly along said town- ship line to a corner of Wheatfield township ; thence eastvvardly along the top of Dick's Hill to the eastern termination of the same ; thence iu a straight liue to the nearest poiut on Polecat Creek ; thence down said creek to the Juniata near Losh's saw-mill; thence up the middle of said river to the place of beginning." On the south liue of Miller township aud on the Juniata River Samuel Galbraith lived on lands iu 1788, which he took up on warrant issued April 12, 1790. This tract consisted of two hundred and sixty-eight acres, and was sur- veyed on the 18th of April, 1808, and is now owned by George Losh and S. B. Boyer. Back from the river was a tract of one hundred and thirty-four acres owned by John Elliot, and be- low, in Wheatfield township, Samuel and Han- nah Galbraith had a large tract of land, aud Samuel had another tract on the river. Samuel Galbraitii had, iu 1816, surveyed to him, in trust for the heirs of William Galbraith, a tract of one hundred aird seventy-niue acres, lying on the river adjoining Samuel Galbraith's heirs aud below Losh's Run. John Smith's tract, now in Wheatfield township, was next below it. Next above Galbraith, General Frederick Watt had three hundred and forty-two acres on an early warrant ; this came into the possession of Peter Shryer and Joseph Bailey. Next along the river was Samuel Martin, who held sixty-eight acres on a warrant dated Jan- nary 15, 1768, which had a river frontage of two hundred and seven rods. The Caroliue Furnace was situated on this tract. Directly back of this tract Frances Beeleu had three 1132 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. liundred and twenty-eight acres, warranted to him on the 21st of March, 1814. Still hack of this tract was one hundred and twenty-nine acres, wari'auted October 2, 1766, to John Gil- more, and surveyed to Marcus Hulings in 1786. Matthew Hart had the same land and near two hundred and thirty acres more on warrant of August 12, 1784. William Van Comp located seventy acres next above Samuel Martin on warrant of November 12, 1792. This land had been formerly surveyed to Letitia Cunningham, on warrant dated August 27, 1767. This tract belongs to the heirs of Joseph Bailey. Next above, Elizabeth McCord had twenty-seven acres. Hugh Miller had one hundred and fifty acres which were warranted on the 6th of June, 1775. This is now owned by the Donaghy heirs and controlled by the Catholics. Hugh Miller also had a back tract of one hundred and nine acres in rear of Samuel Martin, and above in rear of William Van Comp, was William Oliphant's one hundred and one acres, taken by Frederick Nipple in right of Oliphant, on order of April 27, 1767. In the bend of the river were the tracts of Hugh Miller, Andrew Stephens and Robert Sturgeon, the last two for one hundred acres each, taken under order dated April 27, 1767, and May 4, 1768. The Sturgeon and Stephens tracts were bought ])y John S. Hemaree in Jan- uary, 1858. Still above and adjoining Sturgeon was David English, to whom was warranted, on the 23d of October, 1766, ninety-seven acres in a long, narrow strip along the river, containing the Big Hock and English's improvement. In the rear of this tract John Anderson held three hundred and tweutyseven acres on order of September 28, 1767, mostlj^ in Miller town- ship, of which two hundred and ninety-seven jjerches were along the river. This tract was taken in right of William Ramsey, Esq. Next above, and the last on the river in Miller town- ship, was Emanuel Joseph's three hundred and twenty acres. Back from John Anderson's tract was Colonel John Ewalt's one hundred and sixty-two acres, held on warrant dated June, 1804. He also had other lands in the town- ship. The land at the north foot of Dick's Hill was taken up by Robert and John Woodburn on the 4th of December, 1786, and is now owned by Rev. Thomas Still, David Harper, George Barrick and others. It passed from the ownership of the Woodburns upwards of forty years ago. On this tract was the " Old Wood- burn Tavern-Stand," which was a famous stopping-place on the State road fi'om Clark's Ferry to Pittsburgh. General Frederick Watts took up a tract of land on an order dated June 1, 1868, and lived and died on it. It is now owned by Thompson and Abraham Huss. Power's Ferry and fishery and tavern-stand belonged to the farm now owned by Oliver Rice, and in 1828 were kept by John D. Creigh, who advertised them as being "five miles below Millerstown and above Bailysburg." This ferry was "Power's" on the Miller township side and " Fetterman's " on the Howe township side of the Juniaia River. Francis Beelen's farm of three hundred and twenty-eight acres was the militia parade-ground. Beelen died on the farm. He also had a ferry. The John Anderson tract of three hundred and twenty-seven acres is now owned by Charles K. Smith, Henry Smith, William Evans and the heirs of William Vau Comp, Jr. Caroline Bridge Company, of April 4, 1838, was compo.sed of John D. Creigh and thirty- two other commii?sioners. The books were opened for subscribers on the 4th of June, 1838. There were to be twelve hundred shares of stock at twenty dollars per share, and the bridge was to be erected over the Juuiata River at Caroline Furnace. Joseph Bailey was born on the banks of the Brandy wine, in Chester County, on the 18th of March, 1810, and in 1840 became a member of the Legislature from his native county, and from 1843 to 1845 represented the same con- stituency in the State Senate. He then removed to Perry County, where he became interested in the management of the Caroline Furnace Iron Company, and continued in this for a number of years. From 1851 to 1853 Josei)h Bailey repre- .sented the Perry and Cumberland District in the State Senate. In 1854 he was elected State I PERRY COUNTY. 1133 treasurer by the Legislature. Studying law when well advanced in years, he was examined and admitted to the bar in 1860, and the same year secured a seat in Congress until the close of the Rebellion, in 1865. "While in Congress he was a war-Democrat and always prided himself in having voted for the Constitutional Amendment prohibiting slavery. In 1872 he was elected as a Rej^ublican delegate to the Constitutional Convention from his senatorial district. " Bai- ley's Station,'' at his home in Miller township, Avas named after him. Churches. — From " Presbyterian Church History in Perry County," by Rev. John Ed- gar, the following facts are principally gleaned : In 1760 the white settlets of Sherman's Val- ley, including nearly all of what is now Perry County, asked for preachers from Donegal Presbytery, and they were sent. In 1766 the same settlers asked that Presbytery for church organization, and, after several visits of Presby- terial committees, three churches were, organ- ized, viz.. Old Dick's Gap (where is now an un- inclosed graveyard, in which trees of great age are growing near to and even upon graves, and many graves are covered with boulders, seem- ingly to prevent ravages of wolves. What the grave-yard and the old eighteen by twenty feet church foundation represent is the object of this investigation. This church and grave-yard are on the Baileysburg road, four miles east of Xcw Bloomfield and three miles west of Baileysburg); also Centre Church, in present location, and likewise the Upper Church, still near Blain. This arrangement was finally approved by Presbytery, April 14, 1767. These churches were under the jurisdiction of Donegal Presbytery until October 17, 1786, when Carlisle Presbytery began. Dick's Gap was the cotemporary of the Upper churches, and, with the first Sherman's Creek Church, called the first pastor-elect of the East End at the same time that the Upper End called its first settled pastor — the Rev. John Linn. It was without doubt the first church building in the county. Rev. Hugh Magill was called to Dick's Gap in 1777, and the first Sherman's Creek Church joined in the call in 1778, but Magill gave them up in 1779. Before and after his time Pres- bytery sent supplies to the two churches of this eastern part. Their names were John Hoge, Waugh, William Linn, John Linn, Cooper, Henderson, Johnson, McMordie, Caldwell, Wilson, Speer and McLane. Mrs. Jane Black remembered the old church in 1796, when still in an unfinished state and built of pine logs — unfinished in that, though it had a clapboard roof, the logs were not filled in between; but she remembers that, in 1798, a coat of mud-plaster made that point all right. She remembers that her grandfather, John Graham, and Robert Johnson were two of the elders, and had heard that they dated back to about 1773, and they were still living in her time. When Mrs. Black speaks of this old church as being unfinished she does not mean not used, but not as well finished as houses in that time. About the beginning of the century changes took place, and, as a consequence of tiiese changes, Dick's Gap was abandoned and Middle Ridge took its place. In the Old Dick's Gap grave-yard Marcus Hulings and his wife lie buried. Pine-Grove Church of God is a frame build- ing, situated on land of William Holmes. This is the only church in tlie townsliip. The three school-houses in this township are all used but the "Old Caroline Furnace," which ; was replaced by a new one last summer. "Pine Grove" school-house is near Pine Grove Church, and Mahanoy about a mile from Losh's Run, along the Watt's Valley road. Logania Post-Office, at Losh's Run, is the only post-office in the township at this time. There used to be one at Beelen's Ferry, kept by Francis Beelen, postmaster, but it has long since been discontinued. The Caroline Furnace was erected by John D. Creigh in 1836, and was run by him several years. It afterwards came into the possession of Joseph Bailey, near whose house the old stack is still standing. 1134 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XXVI. GREENWOOD TOWKSHIP.' It is evident from the assessment roll of Fermanagh township, made in 17(33, that the territory now comprising the townships of Greenwood, Liverpool, Buffalo, Watts and Howe were embraced in the territory of this township, as the names of Stophel Munce (or Man), Joseph Greenwood and John Foughts (Pfoutz) are found upon the assessment rolls of that year. In that year Stophel Munce took out a warrant for a tract of land lying now in Watts townsiiip. He was made the first col- lector of Greenwood township, upon its erection, in 1767, which then embraced the townships named. Joseph Greenwood is mentioned by Marcus Hulings, wlio owned Duncan's Island, and lived where Dr. George N. Renter now lives, as being one of his nearest neighbors. It was from him also that the township took its name. John Foughts (Pfoutz) lived in Pfoutz's Valley, now mostly in Greenwood township. From the foregoing it will be seen that Greenwood township was formed out of Fer- managh, an original township of Cumberland County, on the 25th of March, 1767. At the July session of the Cumberland County Court, in 1767, the boundaries of Fermanagh town- ship were fixed as follows : " Beginning at the moutli of Cijckalamus Creek, up the north side of tiie Juniata, and to terminate at tlie middle of the Long Narrows ; thence (along the moun- tain) to the head of Cockalanuis Creek ; thence down tiie said creek to the place of beginning." That part of Greenwood townsiiip north of the Cocolamus, including Millerstown, was in Fer- managh township, and it remained so until the organization of MifHin County, on the 19th o f Septem be r, 1789. The boundaries of Greenwood township were defined in July of 1767 as "Beginning at Mc- Kee's path on the Susquehanna River ; thence down the said river to the mouth of tiie Juniata River ; thence up the Juniata River to the mouth of Cockalamus ; thence up the same to I By Silas Wi-iglit. the crossing of McKee's path ; thence by the said path to the place of beginning." McKee's Path here mentioned began at the mouth of Ma- hantango Creek, a short distance below where Thomas McKee lived, on the Susquehanna River. This path followed the public road which runs through Greenwood township, in Juniata County, westward to the mouth of Delaware Run, at Thompsontown. W^hen MifHin County was organized, in 1789, all that part of Greenwood that lay between the present county line and McKee's Path became Greenwood township, in Mifflin County, and that part of Fermanagh township that lay south of the present county line and north of Cocol- amus Creek was attached to Greenwood town- ship, in Perry County. In 1799 Buffalo town- ship was erected from Greenwood and embraced the territory now Buffalo, Watts and Howe townships. Liverpool was taken off the east- ern part in 1823. On the 4th of January, 1854, a petition was presented to court asking that the lines and boundaries of Greenwood be altered, and a portion of Juniata township Iv- ing in Raccoon Valley, along the river, was at- tached and remained a part until the erection of Tuscarora townsiiip, which was erected out of Greenwood and Juniata townships. Greenwood township as now defined contains twenty-five square miles, and is bounded north by Delaware and Greenwood townships, in Juniata County, on the east by Liverpool township, on tiie south by Buffalo and Howe townships and on the west by the Juniata River. It contains two post-offices, — Nckoda,in Pfoutz Valley, and Reward, in Perry Valley — and is traversed by two post- routes, one of which is a daily and the other is a tri-weekly. Liberty Hall was regularly laid out as a village of Greenwood township, for Sanuicl Grubb, the owner of the ground, by John Ricf- snyder, in 1847. The first store in the place was kept by Messrs. Keck & Goodyear. In September, 1882, Mrs. C. A. Long opened her store, still kept in her dwelling. Reward post-office was established in this store on the 1st of October, 1883. From the establishment of t!ie office until the 1st of July, PERRY COUNTY. 1135 1885, the mail only reached this office twice a week. Since the 1st of July, 1885, a reg-ular tri-Wcekly mail-route, with Henry F. Long as carrier, has been established. In April, 1885, R. W. Grubb began the erection of a store-house and dwelling on lot No. 35, which he completed, and opened his store on the 1st of June, 1885. Lewis Long keeps a store at his residence in Pfoutz Valley. S. H. Baker has a store in his dwelling, in which he keeps Nekoda post-office. A daily mail is received at this office from INIcKee's Half Falls in the forenoon, and from Millers- town in the afternoon. TJie Farmers' IMutual Protective Associa- tion was organized on the 8(h of May, 1884, aud has held monthly meetings since. The object of the organization is the improve- ment of the members and their protection from the imposition of traveling agents. At a meeting held the first Monday evening of November, 1884, it was recommended that the name of the valley be changed from Wild- cat, a name given either in derision or by acci- dent, to Perry Valley. Perry Valley extends from the Juniata River to the Susquehanna River, a distance of ten miles, and is four miles wide. Roads. — At the January term of court, 1771, a petition was presented for a road from James Gallaher's, on the Juniata River, thence to Wil- liam Patterson, Esq., and thence to James Bat- kins' Ferry, on the Juniata River, which road was confirmed as a " Bridle-Path" at the April term of the same year. Baskins' Ferry was about a quarter of a mile above Clark's Feny, and was established seve- ral years before James Baskins took up the tract of land which his de.scendants still own, on the other side of the river, above Duncannou. At the same term of court (1771) a petition was received for a road from William Patter- son's Mill, on Cocolamus Creek, to Middle Creek. This road probably extended to Middle- burg, in Snyder C(junty. At the August term of court, held at Carlisle in 1803, a petition was ])resented for a bridge on the post-road from Harrisburg to Lewistowu, across Cocolamus Creek, near it^ junction with the Juniata River. The location of the old road before a turnpike was made may still be traced past Patterson's mill, which then stood on tlie flat between the turnpike aud the aqueduct, near the spot on which an apple-tree is now growing, and was washed away by a flood. This jjetition set forth the fact that in winter this road was ren- dered almost impassable by reason of backwater and ice. In 18U8 the line of stages was organ- ized and began running over this route. This line was known as the "Juniata Mail-Stage Company." Thomas Cochran, Sr., was one of the company. Assessment of 1768. — Thomas Allen, 50 acres; Peter Ash, SOU; Eobert Bnghtwell, 50; Nathaniel Barber, 100; Heury Bentley, 100; John Biugam, 200; Hawkias Boon, 200; Wiliiam Collins, 2UU ; Robert Crane, 150; Craft Coast, 100; Philip Doi,- nally, 100 ; Thomas Desar, 200 ; Francis Ellis, 200 ; Andrew Every, 300 ; Richard Irwin, 1.50 ; William aud Matthew English, 100; David English, 1100 ; .Joshua Elder, 100 ; John Pfoutz, 700 ; Joseph Green- wood, 500 ; John George, SOO; Marcus Hewlin, 400; Philip Hover, 300; Abraham Jones, 100; William Loudon, 100 ; Everhart Leedieh, 100 ; Stophel Munce, 200; William McLeavy, 100 ; James McCoy, 200 ; John McBride, 200 ; John Montgomery, 20U ; Alexander Mclvee, 300; Samuel Purviance, Jr., 300 ; Edward Physiuk, 100 ; George Ross, 350 ; Juhn yturgeon, 100 ; Jacob Seerist, 500 ; Andrew Ulsh, 100 ; Frederick Wall, 100. In the foregoing list of Greenwood township the following were assessed in Fermanagn township in 1763: Robert Brighiwell, Jonu Foutz, Joseph Greenwood, Stophel Munce, John McBriae, William and Matthew Enolish, who were doubtless represented by their iiither, James English, at this time. Assessment of 1805. — Joseph Bonar, tan-yarJ ; Daniel Lewis, forge; Catharine North, saw-mill; William Stawl, grist and saw-mill ; John Sherman, grist and saw-mill ; Jacob Ultz, saw-mill. Assessment of 1814. — William Arbogast, 250 acres and distillery ; Jacob Bonsai, lUO acres aud tan- yard; Peter Beaver, tan-yard; Joseph Fry, Sr., luO acres and distillery ; Harter's estate, 400 acres aud grist and saw-mill ; Henry Grubb, Sr., 150 acres and distillery ; Henry Grubb. Jr., 150 acres and saw-mill ; George Hooi'man, 140 acres aud lulling-mill ; Jacoo Long, 150 acres and saw-mill ; George Mitchell, 900 acres and saw-mill ; Jacob Myer, Sr., 50 acres and saw-mill ; John Ralter, Jr., 190 acres, saw-mill ; Michael 1136 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Rown, saw-mill ; Catharine Shoeman (Shuman), 180 acres, grist and saw-mill ; John Stall)', Sr., grist and saw-mill, and distilleiy ; John Sweezey, 700 acres and saw-mill ; Jacob Ultz, 200 acres and saw-mill; Adam Wilt, 100 acres and saw-mill; Henry Wilt, 227 acres and distillery. MILLS. The first mill, near the junction of Cocolamus Creek with Juniata river, was erected by Wni. Patterson, Esq. "Jones' History" describes it as a tub-mill and gives the information that it was carried away by a flood. It was built prior to and was standing in 1771, for it is made a point in the road from John Gallagher's to Baskins' Ferry, but must have been swept away by the floods. Shuman's mill was built before 1805, for in that year John Shuman is assessed as the owner of a grist and saw-mill, and in 1814, Catharine Shuman is assessed as the owner of one hundred and eighty acres of land and a grist and saw-mill. This property subsequently passed into the ownership of George Shuman, Sr., Esq., and after his death was purchased by his sou, T. B. Shuman, who sold it to George Maus, who sold it to Sylvester Bergstresser, one of the present owners. Shrenk's Geist-Mill was erected by Wil- liam Stawl prior to 1805. It was successively owned by the following persons after William Stawl : CauiFmann, William Thompson, Dan- iel Ward, J. Ward and Rumbaugh Dimni's, who failed, when Lewis Gilfillen and James Whitmer bought the iudgment and held it until it was sold to Shreuk & Shoop ; afterwards Shoop sold it to Solomon Herald, who sold, in 1876, to Henry Shrenk, the present owner. Hart's Grist-Mill was built by Frederick Harter, who lived in Millerstown, and owned a saw-mill not in town. In 1805, Harter's estate had four hundred acres of land and a grist and saw-mill. This mill was owned by Michael Wenner, who sold to Joseph Hart, at whose death it descended to his only heirs, — William Fitzgerald and wife, the present owners. A FULI,ING-MILL was built by George Hoff- man prior to 1805, when he is assessed for one hundred and forty acres of land and a fulling- mill. It was subsequently owned by Beaver & Hoffman, and was purchased by Anthony Brandt, and in June, 1824, was taken by James Peacock. William J. Williams purchased the property about 1865 and built the new dwelling- house and put in new machinery and continued to operate it until 1882, when he sold out his personal property and deeded the real estate to Thomas P. Cochran, of Millerstown, who ad- vertises it at private sale. Old Inhabitants of Distinction. — Ben- jamin Bonsall, Sr., was a Revolutionary soldier, who died iu 1845, aged eightv-nine years. Benjamin Bonsall descended from a very old family, whose ancestry settled at Darby, in Del- aware County, Pa., soon after the arrival of William Penn, in 1682. The descendants of the Bonsall family have been traced by the family historian, Spencer Bonsall, to the number of more than five thou- sand, and to the time of the ^Norman Conc^uest, in 1066. George Mitchell, Sr., came to Greenwood township in 1791, and settled on sixteen hun- dred acres of land, part of which is now owntd by his descendants of the second generation. He received considerable patrimony from his native Ireland, with which he was enabled to remove from the Eagle Hotel, in Chester Coun- ty, and take up so large a tract of land. With him came his ten year-old stepson, Charles Wright, Sr., who also came to be a considerable land-owner, and a man of enough promise to have been elected director of the poor and com- missioner of the county. He always prided himself in lieing able to say that he had seen and shaken hands with George Washington. Jonathan Wert, of Perry Valley, Greenwood township, has worked at the shoemaking trade for upwards of fifty years, and is in the fourth genei'ation of descent from John Adam Wert, who emigrated from Wiirtemberg to Lancaster County, and from thence removed to I^ykens Valley, Dauphin County, about one hundred and fourteen years ago, with a family of nine children, and settled about three and a half miles east of Millei'sburg under a white oak tree, when there were but a few sparse settle- ments, and the Indians surrounded them. At that time the nearest mill was at Harrisburg. PERRY COUNTY. 1137 Educational. — County Superintendent A. R. Height (in his annual report for 1856), says, the school-houses which deserve to be particu- larly named as comfortable and convenient were Juniata, Ki'amer's, Brandt's, Bonsall's, Mitchell's and Rope Ferry, in Greenwood. From the same report these statistics of Green- wood were obtained : Whole number of schools, nine. There was tax levied for school pur- poses to the amount of $748, and for building purposes to the amount of §467.50, being a tax- rate of 3.5 mills for school and two mills for building purposes. In 1876, twenty years of progress. Greenwood had seven schools and an average term of five months. In 1878 the average monthly salary of males was $21.71, and the mill-rate for school pur- poses 2.5. In 1885 the average monthly salary of male and female teachers alike is twenty-five dollars. CHUECHES. In the village of Liberty Hall there is a United Brethren Church building on lot No. 38. This church has a cemetery adjoining it. It was erected about 1850. Weight's Chuech, formerly a school-house, was erected in 1 835. There is a well-cared-for and regularly-plotted cemetery of one acre of ground, which was bequeathed for this purpose, in his will, by Charles Wright, Sr. St. Michael's Lutheean Chuech. — On the loth of February, 1776, John Foutz, of Greenwood township, in Cumberland County and province of Pennsylvania, gave a deed to John Long and Philip Huber, and the whole Lutheran congregation of the township, county and State aforesaid, for and in consideration of the sum of six pounds lawful money of Penn- sylvania, for a certain tract of land situated and joining John Long's and William Patterson's lands, and to contain two acres, to be laid out from a certain hickory corner tree, adjoining said Patterson's and Long's lands. On part of these two acres of ground the early pioneer settlers were buried. Before the deed was ex- ecuted a large school-house had been erected on this ground, in which the early settlers wor- shipped from about 1770 to 1798, when St. Michael's Church was erected. In this grave- yard a number of persons who were massacred by the Indians in their last incursion of 1763 lie buried. The hickory-tree mentioned in the church deed as the corner of the church land, is the one to which the pioneer fathers were tied by the Indians and made the target of the deadly arrow. They were buried near the tree, and thus the grave-yard commenced. On the 5th of July, 1776, a slave by the name of " Bob," and his wife, also a slave, were baptized and received as members of this church. Tlie church building is described as follows by the Rev. Focht, in his " History of the Churches between the Mountains:" This was a log structure about thirty-five by forty-five feet in size. The logs and other timbers are said to have been of the best (piility. Inside there were three galleries on three sides. The pulpit was high, and supported by a post ; and the seats had high and erect backs. For many years an organ occupied the gallery fronting the pulpit. This instrument was not played after 1820; it was all out of tune, and went to ruin. The old church stood until 1847, when a new one was erected, which was rebuilt and remod- eled in 1884-85. On the 22d day of March, 1802, John Long, yeoman, of Greenwood township, sold to Fred- eric Harter, Esq., and Frederick Wendt, and the whole Lutheran congregation, for one dol- lar, one acre of ground. The design of adding the additional acre of ground to the two of the original purchase seems to have been that the crops of the land should go to the sup- port of the school-master, who was to lead sing- ing in the church and play the organ. A school- house stood on the church land, in which a Con- gregational school was taught, which was kept up for many years. The following ministers served the St. Michael's congregation for the time given : Michael Enderlin, 1774-89; Mathias Guntzel, 1789-97; Johu Frederick Hieze, 1797-99; Henry Miller, 1799-1800 ; Ludwig Koch, 1800 ; John Herbst, 1800-1; Frederick Sanuo, 1804-5; J. Conrad Wal- ker, 1805-14; John William Heim, 1814-33 ; C. G. Erlenmeyer, 1833-35 ; Andrew Berg, 1842-43 ; ■Wil- liam Weaver, 1847-51 ; Josiah Zimmerman, 1856-59 ; Jacob A. Hackenberger, 1859-01; William O. Wil- son, 1861-132 ; JohnH. Davidson, 1862; William H. k 72 1138 JUNIATA AiND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Diveu, D. Craft, D. E- Studebaker, D. S. Lentz, S. S. Herring, J. C. Mumma. Under Rev. Craft, Livei-pool charge was di- vided, Rev. Diveu lioldiug Liverpool, McKee's and St. James' Cliurclies, and Rev. Craft liav- iiig Hunter's Valley, Wild-Cat Valley (Perry uow) and St. Michael's in Pfoutz Valley. Land Grants and Early Settlers. — The first grant within the limits of Perry County was dated July 28, 17.39, for five hundred acres, to Thomas Kirton, of Speen, in the County of Bates, in Great Britain, by order of James Tilgli- man, Esq., secretary of the Laud-Office. A tract of fifty acres of this land, called " The Rose in Garden," was surveyed November 13, 1774, for John Pfoutz, assignee of Thomas Kirton, by William McClay, D.S. This tract was in Pfoutz's Valley, adjoining the other lands of said Pfoutz. John Pfoutz lo- cated the first land, consisting of three hundred and twenty-nine acres, in the present county, under warrant dated February 3, 1755. These lauds continued in the possession of Johu Pfoutz's descendants until 1860, when they were sold as the property of the heirs of Isaac Pfoutz. John Pfoutz, at the same date, took warrant for one hundred and forty-two acres of land in Liverpool township, below the borough, along the river. The land adjoining Pfoutz was surveyed to William Patterson on warrant December 10, 1773, for fifty-six acres. Philip Shoover's two hundred and forty-seven acres were re-surveyed Anoust 17, 1810. TheMcBride tract extended from James Gallaher's (site of Millerstown) down to Elizabeth Haues' land, about a mile, for which a warrant was issued September 8, 1755, and was surveyed November 24, 1707, to John McBride. On the 13th of April, 1791, a warrant was issued for one hundred and fifty acres, and on the 13th of April, 1795, another warrant for one hundred and sixty acres to Henry Ulsh. Both tracts were surveyed May 18, 1795. An order was issued to John Jones on the 28th of April, 1767, for three hundred and a half acres ; surveyed May 17, 1768. In 1858 part of this tract belonged to Daniel Grubli and is still owned by the Grubb brothers. It is on the Juniata River road, and extends from the Buf- falo Mountain on the north to the mouth of ^Vildcat Creek, and eighty rods beyond. The part on the north is now owned by James Pat- terson, who resides in Millerstown borough. Just north of the creek Joshua North built the first tannery in the county, about 1800. Adam Rubert bought of Roger Davis one hundred and fifteen acres for one hundred and forty pounds of Peunsylvania money, which was bounded on the south by Joshua North, on the west by tlie Juniata River, on the north by AVilliam North, now owned by Mrs. Susanna Lshelman, Mrs. Jacob Leas, and William B. Leas, Esq., aud on the east by lands of Conrad Steiger, uow owned by Henry Martin. Adjoining the North and Grubb places on the east were the George ^litchell and Conrad Sleiger tracts, taken up about 1791. Johu Clayton's mill tract was by High Pine Hill, on Cocolamus Creek, aud contained thirty-seven acres, order August 1, 1766, survey, September 13, 1776, adjoining .John INIcBride's land, by forge and furnace tract. Joshua Elder's order of August 2, 1766, sur- vey January 13, 1767, for one hundred and forty-seven acres on Wildcat Run. This was the Joseph Wirt Farm. To Christopher Ulsh (Stofel) a warrant for two hundred acres, issued January 8, 1798 ; surveyed 25, 1798 ; situated on a branch of Cocolamus Creek. A survey called Old Town, on the west side of Cocola- mus Creek, was made July 18, 1765, to James Murray, the fees were paid to William McClay, D.S., by John Pfoutz, January 22, 1767. In 1870 this tract was owned by Daniel Ward and George Kramer. This tract is situated to the northw-est of Michael's Ridge. On the William North place the old stone house which stood near the present residence of William B. Leas' was a hotel. Then the Abra- ham Reider tavern, across the Juniata, was at the other cud of Leas' Ferry, which was on the main route of travel from Clarke's Ferry and from Carlisle. The taverns made the chain aci'oss Middle Ridtfe, where was " White Ball Tavern," built in 1793, by Philip Clouser, aud " Blue Ball," at Koch's, in Juniata township, on the Carlisle road. PERKY COUNTY. 1139 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. GEORGE BEAVER. George Beaver is the great-grandson of George Beaver, who emigrated fi-om Germany in 1740 and settled in Chester County, Pa. He was a man of fine physique, marvelous endur- ance, strong mind and untiring industry. He participated in tlie Indian wars and fouglit in the Revolutionary War under Anthony Wayne, Miller) and Elmira. George Beaver, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born on the 24th of September, 1802, in Lebanon County, Pa., and when a lad removed with his father to Perry County. After preliminary instruction at home and additional advantages at the public school, he decided upon acquiring a trade, and chose that of a tanner, serving an apprenticeship at Stumpstown, in his native county, and conduct- ing the business in Pfoutz' Valley, Perry Co. afterward devoting his energies to agricultural pursuits. His son, George Beaver, married Catherine Iviefer, whose son, Peter Beaver, a Methodist preacher, emigrated from Lebanon County, Pa., to Pfoutz' Valley, in Perry County, where he pursued his sacred calling and also engaged in mercantile pursuits. He married Elizabeth Gilbert and had children — George, Samuel, Jacob, Jesse, Peter, Thomas, Sarah (wife of Aaron Nevins), -Catherine (married to Rev. Greeuley), Mary (wife of Henry He was, on the 15th of April, 1827, married to Catherine, daughter of Jonathan Long, of the same county. Their children are Mary Ann (deceased), Elizabeth (Mrs. George M. Bru- backer, deceased), Samuel (married to Mary E., daughter of Jacob Kipp), Sarah Catherine (de- ceased), Sophia (Mrs. D. jNI. Rickabaugh), Peter (deceased), George E. (married to Elizabeth Seiber, of Juniata County) and Ellen Jane (Mrs. Uriah Shu man, deceased). Mr. Beaver, in 1830, purchased the farm now the home of his 1140 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. son Samuel, and from that date until his death, on the 31st of December, 1878, devoted his ener- gies to the cultivation of its broad aci-es. He also, in 1877, bought the farm now the residence of his son, George E. Beaver, both having been, about 1800, owned by John Lang, the grand- father of Mrs. Beaver. Mr. Beaver was among the most successful farmers of the county, and by industry, frugality and rare discretion in the investment of his capital gained a competency. He was, in his political opinions, a Democrat until 1854. He joined the Native American or Know-Nothing f)arty during its brief exist- ence, and then became a Republican. Prior to the organization of the Jvnow-Nothing party, he, witli others, purchased a press and started an independent Democratic journal, which after- ward became the standard Republican paper of the county, and is now known as the People's Advocate and Press. He was, in 1841, elected to the State Legisla- ture and served a term as county commissioner in 1833— '>4. He held also the office of county auditor and various township positions. Mr. Beaver was an influential citizen in his township. His clear judgment and integrity were well known, he being frequently solicited to fill positions of trust. He was a supjjortcr of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his wife, who survives him, is a member. CHAPTER XXVIL MILLERSTOWN BOROUGH.' Before the 23d day of September, 1766, James Gallagher had made an improvement on a tract of land called " Smithfield,'' and on this day made application to the Land-Office, located at Lancaster, for two hundred acres on the north side of the Juniata River, adjoining lands of John McBride. In this tract Gallagher includ- ed his improvement. In pursuance of an ap- plication, William Maclay, D.S., made a survey on the 23d of September, 1 7G6. James Gallagher, of Fermanagh township, by virtue of this survey, sold to David Miller, iun- 1 By Silas Wright. keeper of Rye township, on the 1st of Septem- ber, 1780, for twelve hundred pounds, all that tract of land lying on the north side of the river Juniata, in the township of Fermanagh, con- taininar two hundred and twentv-two acres and one hundred and thirty-five perches, having a river-front of three hundred and twenty-one jierches. David Miller subseijuently laid out a town on this tract, which he called Millers- town. If Millerstown was laid out, as claimed and cel- ebrated, in 1780, it was a village in Fermanagh township, Cumberland County; but if it was laid out after 1789, as seems evident from the fact that the patent was not issued until the 25th of March, 1790, then it originally belonged to Greenwood township, as at present defined in Perry County. Abraham Addams married David Miller's daughter, Lydia, and subsequently became the inheritor and purchaser of his father-in-law's lands. William Shumaker lives in the original farm-house of the Addams property. The house owned and occupied by Fremont Taylor has a stone in the chimney marked 1778, probably the date of its erection. This house was the " Ferry Hotel," at the north landing of the Millerstown Ferry, and it is jirobable, from its erection two years prior to the earliest date that it would have been possible for David Miller to have laid oat the town, that it was the first house in the town. The elections for the settlers on the north side of the Juniata were held here until they were changed to the old school-house in the cemetery. In the Greenwood township assessment for 1805 William Woods was inn-keeper at the ferry. In the assessment for 1814 Abraham Addams had three hundred and twenty acres of land and the Millerstown Ferry. The as.sessment rolls for 1805 mention the names of the following persons as residents of Millerstown, in Greenwood township : Dr. Henry Buck, Daniel Brandt, Anthciny Brandt, James Bell, tailors ; Isaac Craver, Tlmnias Cochran, James Craven, store-keepers, Frederick Hartcr lived in Millerstown and had a saw-mill out of town. Jere- miah Jordan, chair-maker ; William McClung,joiner ; PERRY COUNTY. 1141 Michael McGarra, butcher ; Macklin & Ross; Joshua Korth, tanner ; John Neeman, inn-keeper ; David Ptbutz, inn-keeper in the stone house ; Captain Eph- raim Williams. In the Greenwood assessment for 1814: Abraham Addams, three hundred and twenty acres and ferry, at or near Millerstown ; Thomas Cochran, store and distillery, and five hundred acres of land; Benjamin Lees, store ; Edward Purcell, store ; Henry Walters, store. Maxufactoeies as» Public Buildings. — Joshua North built the first tannery in the place in 1800, of whom Isaac McCord bought in 1816. He built the stone house and began a new tannery in 1824-25. Henry Hopple bought it of McCord's heirs in 1849, and in 1867 intro- duced steam. Joseph Howell, of Philadelphia, bought of Hopple in 1869, and erected the new steam tannery. In 1882 Howell & Co. failed, and the property was subsequently sold at as- signees' sale to Charles Ripnian, who is the pres- ent owner. Hotels. — Dr. S. T. Linea weaver began build- ing a residence in 1868, which he changed before completion, in 1876, to the Juniata Valley Hotel, which he furnished with very elegant and expensive furniture, but only had it open six weeks when the sheriff closed the door. This building was a large three-storied one, with- a mansard roof. It was burned to the ground on the morning of February 27, 1877. Shuman Miller bought the lot and ruins of this hotel in 1881, and erected a new building on the old foundation-wall. In this building he kept a public-house until he was shot by ^^ ^g- goner, in a quarrel, in July, 1882. This was the first and only murder ever committed within the borough limits of ^lillerstowu. The " Union Hotel," now owned by Henrj' Martin, was built in 1800 by John Wood, and David Pfoutz was inn-keeper in it in 1805. Educational. — The first school-house was both church and school-house, and located and built in 1808, in the cemetery, on Grove Street side. The present school-house was built in 1856, and was enlarged by the addition of the two east rooms in 1869. Some of the early teachers were Messrs. ]Mc- Laughlin, Belford, McDowell, John B. Porter, Cummins, Kinslow, Kintch, Joseph Jones, Wil- liam J.Jones and Noble ^leredith ; these taught in the old building. In the new building, Messrs. D. A. Beckley, Jacob Gantt, W. W. Fuller, W. E. Baker, Silas Wright, J. R. Runyau, E. W. Snyder, E. U. Aumiller, S. B. Fahnestock and John S. Ar- nold, the present principal. Silas AVright con- ducted the " Juniata Valley Normal School " from its organization, in 1868, until 1878. The average attendance of different pupils for each session of these ten years was one hundred and thirty-nine, of whom four hundred and fifty- seven made the theory of teaching a study. Churches. — The Presbyterian Church was built in 1831-33, and remodeled in 1875, when the bell was put on it. The Millerstown con- gregation was organized in 1818, by Rev. Na- thaniel R. Snowden, whose pastoral charge con- tinued until 1820. Those who followed were : Britton E. Collins, 1829-39; George D. Porter, 1844-51 ; John B. Strain, 1856-60; William P. Coch- ran, 1862-69; J. J. Hamilton, 1871-75; W. H. Lo- gan, 1876. The Methodist Church was built in 1840. This congregation was and remains a part of the Newport charge, and in this connection has had the following ministers : Peter McEnnally, 1840-11; Joseph Parker, 1842- 43; John McClay, 1842-43; Chai-les McClay, 1844; D. H. Enos, 1845-16; Franklin Dyson, 1846; Wil- liam M. Meminger, 1847; George B. Bergstresser, 1848; Nixon, 1840-49; William Hardin, 1849; John Lloyd, 1850-51 ; 0. Ege, 1852-53 ; Wesley Howe, 1852-53; H. C. Westwood, 1854-55; William E. Mills, 1854-55; Job A. Price, 1854-55; R. E. Wilson, 1856-57; George Stevenson, 1856-57; Wil- liam H. Keith, 1858; James T. Wilson, 1859-60; Amos Smith, 1859-60; I. C. Stevens, 1869-60; J. Clark Hagey, 1861-62; George W. Bouse, 1861; M. K. Foster, 1862; Samuel E. Deach, 1863-64; H. S. Mendenhall, 1863; Robert E. Pott, 1864; John Donahue, 1866 ; A. D. Yokum, 1867 ; J. Milton Akers, 1868-70; A. R. Miller, 1868; W. K. Houtelin, 1869 J. M. Meredith, 1871-73; Henry C. Cueston, 1874-75 Henry M. Ash, 1876-79; John W. Buckley, 1879-82 Nathaniel H. Colburn, 1882 ; E. A. H. Deavor, 1885. Ieox Ore. — Peter Wertz was the first to prospect for ore on the lands of Abraham Ad- dams, but his discovery was only in small and non-paying quantities. George Maus was the first to begin the mining oj^erations on the Mc- Donald farm. 1142 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The Millerstown Bridge Company was or- ganized on the 4th of April, 1838, with six hundred shares of stock, each share twenty-dol- lars, and Thomas Cochran, John Fertig, Fred- erick Rhinehart, David Kepner, John Rice and Jonas Ickes were the commissioners for erecting a bridge over the Juniata from the end of Sun- bury Street. The bridge was built by John Fertig and Henry Doughty in 1839. Odd-Fellows' Hall was built in 1849 by Peter Beaver for the use of I. O. of O. F. of the place. Newspapers. — Millerstoim Gazette, a five- column, twelve by eighteen, four-jiaged weekly, was started at Millerstown by Levi Klauser, January 1, 1857, and continued until April 22, 1858, when the press was moved to Newport, and the paper took the name of Newport Ga- zette. Millerstown Ledger, a seven-column, four- paged weekly, M'as begun in ]\Iillerstown May 1, 1875, and continued to November 25, 1876, by George Shrom, when the pi-ess was removed to Newport, and the paper continued under the name of Millerstown Ledger for two subse- quent issues, when the name was changed to The Ledger, which continued until April 22, 1882, when the paper was enlarged to eight col- umns and the name changed to the Newport Ledger. The originator and proprietor still continues to edit it. Banks. — The Farmers' Bank of Millers- town was organized on the 21st of December, 1872, by electing Perry Kreamer president, and William S. Riekabaugh cashier. The capital stock was fixed at fifty thousand dollars. The business of the bank was closed December 21, 1878. Samuel Clever and T. J. Kreamer were also cashiers. CHAPTER XXVIII. BUFFALO TOWNSUIP.i Bttffaeo township was formed from Green- wood, in 1799, and is liounded on the north by part of Greenwood and Livei'pool townships, 'By Silas Wright. on the east by the west shore of the Susquehanna River, on the south by Watts township and on the west by Howe township. It is contained in two valleys, known as Bucke'sand Hunter's, both named after first settlers. An act of Assembly of March 21, 1797, made Rye township and that part of Greenwood lying south of Half Falls Mountain (called Falls Hills in the earliest records) one election district. An act of March 8, 1802, fixed the election place for the townships of Juniata, Greenwood and that part of Buffalo township above Falls Hills at Millerstown. " Upon the petition of sundry inhabitants of Green- wood township, lying to the soutli of Buffalo Hill, to the court (October Term, 1799), setting forth that the petitioners were subjected to many and great in- conveniences, occasioned by the largeness and irreg- ular shape of the said township of Greenwood, which comprehended all the country between the Juniata and Susquelianna Rivers as far as twenty miles up each river. That the said tract of country was nearly equally divided by the said Buffalo Hill, which begins at the Juniata, about one mile below Wild Cat Run and continues to the Susquehanna, below the house of David Derickson, and praying the court that that part of said township of Greenwood, con- tained between the rivers .Juniata and Susquehanna and lying south of the Bufiklo Hill, may be erected into a new township." Whereupon the court considered and ad- judged that the same shall hereafter constitute tM'o townships, and the division line thereupon shall be the Buffalo Hill, to be henceforth called " Buffalo township," and that part north of the said hill to retain the name of Greenwood town- ship, agreeably to the prayer of the petitioners. Btcke's Valley is that portion of Butlalo township surrounded on the north by Berry Mountain, and on the south is separated from Watts township by Half Fall Hills. It extends from the Jnniata to the Susquehanna, through both Buffalo and Howe townships. It is ten miles long, and is about two miles of an average width. Gikty's Notch. — John Taylor took up at this place two hundred and eight acres of land, which was warranted in August, 1789, and sur- veyed November 11, 1791. This place is noted for the traditionary liis- tory of Simon Girty, whose name it bears. Girty I I PERRY COUNTY. 1143 is said to have slept, during his stay at Half Fall Hills, in a cave next the river, in the end of the mountain. He came here for the purpose of watching, from the top of the hills, the whites who had taken refuge from the savages at Fort Halifax. Fort Halifax then occupied the pres- ent site of Halifax, across the river, in Dauphin County. Simon Girty (Girtee in the old records) was born and raised in Cumberland Co. ; his father, whose name was Simon, was one of the ten set- tlers on Sherman's Creek, in 1750, whose cabins were burned by SheriflF Andrew Work's posse and bound in recognizance of one hundred pounds each to appear and answer at the next term of the County Court at Shippensburg. It was in a cabin, rude, as the reader will im- agine, as the one built in the wilderness of the Sherman's Creek, before the A Ibany treaty of 1754, that young Simon Girty's eyes first beheld the light. Su1)jected to no restraint, accustomed to profanity, strong drink and gambling at home from his infancy, why should he care for the associations of civilization in the settlements? Disgraced where promotion was deserved, M'hen with young Simon Kenton on the frontiers, he deserted the service of the militia and took up his abode with tlie Wyandotte Indians, who made incursions from the shores of Lake Huron as far as Half Fall Hills, on the banks of the Susquehanna. It was on one of these incur- sions, and as a spy for his tribe, that Girty left his name and mantle fall on this place. The subsequent career of this notorious man, until 1781, is in doubt. At this time he was certainly present at the great meeting of Indians of the Shawanese, Delawares, Cherokees, Wy- andottes and othei's, for he " inflamed their sav- age minds to mischief, and led them to execute every diabolical scheme " that revenge could de- sire. In a subsequent engagement, at the head of one thousand men. Colonel Clayton is repre- sented to have met Girty, the abductor of his wife, and, in a desperate contest, slew him. Another account is that the descendants of the renegade are still found on the eastern shores of Lake Huron, where he lived and died. Hu>'tee's Valley is a cove-shaped valley inclosed on its sides by Buffalo and Berry's hills. First Se;ttlers. — The first settlers of Bucke's Valley wei-e Reuben Eai-l, John Law, George Albright, Samuel Rankin and Martin Wain, who took up lands along the Susquehan- na River. In the rear, up the valley, were Jacob Bucke, Henry Alspach and Nicholas Liddick. These men took up their lands about 1 773, and commenced improvements. Mr. Bucke lived in a log house where Jacob Bair now owns. Henry Alspach had a cabin in the meadow northwest of the house now owned by Henry Deckard's heirs. George Albright owned the Elias Albright property. Adjoining George Albright on the southwest, John Rutherford took up three hundred and twenty acres and allowance on an order of sur- vey dated the 20th of January, 1768, No. 5062, and surveyed the 9th day of November, 1768. On the south of this tract was land owned by John Purviauce, and on the west the Andrew Berryhill tract of one hundred and sixty-five acres and allowance, warranted the 17th of May, 1774, and surveyed the 11th of October, of the same year. Adjoining the Berryhill tract were two hundred and ninety-six and a half acres taken up by Joseph Swift and warranted and surveyed at the same time with the Berryhill tract. Adjoining this on the east and next the Berry's Mountain was the Zachariah Spangler and M. Copp, tracts one hundred and seventy-four acres and seventy-five perches and allowance, which were adjoined on the east by George Fet- terman, whose lands adjoined Geo. Albright's. George Albright at the commencement of the Revolutionary AVar shouldered his musket and went to serve his country, while his wife, with a servant girl and several small boys, did the farming. Mrs. Albright and her servant girl took her grain to the banks of the Susquoliaima on horseback, where they hitched their horses, and placing the grain in a canoe, pushed down the river to the nearest mill, which was at Dau- phin. They waited at the mill until the grain was ground into flour, when it was put in the canoe and pushed by the two women back up the stream, landed and placed on the backs of the horses and taken home. George Albright lies buried in the soil of the valley he heljDcd to defend. 1144 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Saiiuit'l Raukin took up two hundred acres, warranted October 8, 1766, which stretched over a mile ak)Dg the Susquehanna River and in- chided the site of the f)resent village and post- office of Montgomery's Ferry. Next above him Martin Wain had thirty acres extending to Berry's Mountain, or Mount Patrick. This tract was warranted on the 27th of May, 1772, and surveyed to Reuben Haines, in right of Wain, on the 2d of August, 1774. Mount Patrick was named "The Garden Tract," and came by purchase into possession of Brubaker, and later was purchased by Peter Ritner, brother of Governor Ritner. It was aftewards sold at sheriif 's sale to the Lykens Valley Coal Company; this sale took place prior to 1830. The coal company built the first rail- road in the county, which extended from the river to the canal-basin. Ill 1845 this property was sold to Judge George Blattenberger, who now owns it. This land extends along the river-front nearly a mile above the Martin Wain tract of 1772. Montgomery's ferry. The Samuel Rankin tract [lassed to Joseph Clai-k on the 12th of December, 1776, whose daughter, Mary, married John Black, of Juni- ata township, who subsequently acquired title to the property, for he sold, on November 17, 1827, the Rankin tract of two hundred and eighty- two acres, for forty-eight hundred and twenty- two dollars, to William Montgomery, of Buffalo townshij), from whom Montgomery's Feriy took its name. On the Dauphin side of the river this ferry was known as Morehead's Ferry, for the reason that the Moreheads owned the land on which a landing was made. Assessment (1820). — Michael Hortiug, 98 acres; Samuel Hoininy, 77 acres ; .Jacol) Hiiggins, GO acres; Jacob Kumler, 270 acres ; John Kline, 78 acres and saw-mill ; Michael Krouse, 250 acres and saw-mill and ferry ; John Kinch, 154 acres.; Peter Liddick, 200 acres ; John Low (weaver), 100 acres; Peter Liddick (weaver), 50 acres ; Henry Lowden (cari)enter), 84 acres; William Linton, Esq., 100 acres; Samuel Leedy ; Jacob Livingston, 100 acres ; Daniel Liddick, 148 acres; Christian and Daniel Livingston, 135 ai'res; John Liddick, 148 acres; William Mont- gomery, Esq., 282 acres, saw-mill and ferry ; Jacob Liddick, 60 acres ; Robert Moody, 153 acres ; Daniel McKinzy, 163 acres ; McKee, 100 acres; John McGinnis, 100 acres and distillery; Joseph Morris, 50 acres ; Susannah Moore, 40 acres ; James Person, 100 acres ; James Porter, 97 acres ; James Reed, 150 acres ; John Reamer, 200 acres ; Jacob Reamer, 70 acres; Philip Reamer, 100 acres; Philip Rodenbaugh, 36 acres ; Joseph Steele, 200 acres ; Abraham Steele (blacksmith), 10 acres ; Paul Still, 200 acres ; Henry Stevens, 170 acres ; John Stevens, 56 acres ; Christian Siders, 124 acres ; Margaret Steele, 338 acres ; An- drew Trimmer, 112 acres ; Robert Thompson, 210 acres ; Samuel Thompson, 167 acres ; Samuel Wright, 200 acres ; Alexander Watts, 30 acres and grist-mill ; Michael Wiland, 80 acres; Henry Yungst, 90 acres; heirs of Jacob Buck, Jr., 100 acres ; heirs of Jacob Buck, Sr., 113 acres ; John Brady, 300 acres ; heirs of Thomas Huling, 445 acres and ferry ; George Thomas, 300 acres ; Samuel Albright, 156 acres ; John Al- bright (weaver), 35 acres ; Peter Arnold, 100 acres ; George Arnold (carpenter), 35 acres ; Peter Arnold, Jr., 3 lots and saw-mill ; Christian Alsdorf, 160 acres ; George Albright, 100 acres ; Frederick Albright ; Robert Baskins' heirs, 60 acres and fulling-mill ; George Bander, 85 acres ; Jacob Bauder (blacksmith), John Bore, 40 acres ; Jacob Bauder (weaver), 14 acres ; Samuel Bore's heirs, 60 acres ; David Bru- baker, 187 acres and saw-mill; Robert Buchanan, 200 acres ; Jacob Baughman, 77 acres, grist and saw-mill, distillery and ferry; Henry Bowman, 160 acres; John Bowman, 260 acres ; Jacob Bixler, 20 acres; Richard Baird, 100 acres, saw-mill and distillery; John Boner (weaver), 80 acres ; Thomas Boyd (weaver), 14 acres ; Malcolm Campbell, 200 acres ; George Charles, 130 acres; Christian Charles, 140 acres; Jacob Charles, 100 acres ; Richard Cochran, 109 acres ; Frederick Diebl, 133 acres ; Philip Deckard, 100 acres. EnrcATioxAL. — The oldest school in Buf- falo township was kept in a log cabin, built for the purpose in 1808, at the base of Half Fall Hills, on Richard Beard's place. The teachers of this school were Cxeorge Baird, Benjamin Elliot, Mary McMullen and James Deuniston, who was the last, in 1824. The first Sunday- school in Bucke's Valley was organized in this house in 1824. In 1824 a log school-hou.se was built at Bucke's grave-yard, which was used as a church and a school. The teachers in this house were Joseph Foster, Ann McGinnis, Francis Laird, David Mitchell and Samuel Stephens. In a short time after these schools, two other houses were erected, — one M'here Bucke's cabin PERRY COUNTY. 1145 stood, on Bair's farm, aud another at Montgom- eiy's Ferry. Centre school-house M'as situated on the road leading from Patterson's to Montgomery's Ferry, at the corner of the New Buflalo road. This house was subsequently moved about a mile east of this location, in the woods, on lauds of Jacob Bucke. This house was used for school purposes about ten years, until 1 857, when it was burned, aud theu the old house, called the Baird school- house, was used for five or six successive years, until the old Centre school-house was built. The new brick school-house was built at Centre in 1879, and, as fast as new houses replace the old ones, brick houses are built. The oldest school-house in Hunter's Valley was erected on the land of Joseph Hunter (now Abram Crow). This was a roughly-built log house, covered with a slab roof, and in it was kept the school for ten or twelve families, who lived within a radius of two or three miles around it. At a meeting of citizens, in a public school- house, held on Saturday, December 6, 1834, a vote was taken to accept or reject the school law and appropriations, with forty-six for rejecting the law and appropriations and one for it. The school directors did not vote. On the 5th of November, 1 835, a meeting, to examine teachers, was held at the public-house of John Patterson, at Juniata Falls post-ofRce. The directors present were Joseph Foster, George Baird, George Arnold and William Howe. In 1837 Buffalo township had seven male teachers, whose qualifications were reported good and sufficient to teach the branches required. In 1840 the funds of Buffalo township were used in building school-houses, and in conse- quence the schools were not in operation this year. From 1874 to 1878 the directors of Buffalo township visited the schools as a whole board a number of times during the term and carefully inspected the condition of the schools. This was the period of the most marked progress. Twenty-six school-teachers have come out of the public schools of this township since the free schools began. Professor S. E. McGiunes, principal of the public schools of Steelton, Pa., is a native of this township. CHAPTEE XXIX. SPRING TOWNSHIP.i Ox April 5, 1849, James Black, Esq., of Sa- ville, and Richard Adams, of Madison, two of the viewers aj)pointed by an order of the court, at the November sessions of the preceding year, " to view and alter the township line between Spring and Centre townships, so as to include Abraham Kistler and David Stambaugh in Spring township," reported that such alteration of the township lines was " necessary and proper," and the report was confirmed by the court. The above is all that can be found upon the Quarter Sessions Dockets bearing upon the erection of the township of Spring. By other autiiorities it is stated that appli- cation was made at the January term of court in 1 848, setting forth that a new township was about to be made out of Tyrone. Tiie court appointed Richard Adams, James Black and Wm. B. Anderson to examine into the propri- ety of the division. The two first-named re- ported a new township, and named it " Law- rence." The next succeeding August court the report was confirmed, although one hundred aud two citizens of Carroll remonstrated, and the new township was named "Spring." The township contains thirty square miles of surface, and is drained b}^ Sherman's Creek. The township elections are held at Milltown. In 1850 Spring township had a population of 1281, and 215 houses, 218 families, 105 fiirms aud 14 productive establishments. The population in 1880 was 1538. One president judge and four associate judges have been citizens of the township, the aggre- gate length of whose terms has been forty-five years. Their names are Judge B. F. Junkin, Associate .Judges John Junkin (father of the first mentioned), Jacob Sheiblcy, John Bear and Wm. Grier. Chief Justice Hiram John Ban- 1 By Horace E. Sheiljley. 1146 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA ister Gibson, whose fame as a jurist is world- wide, was also boru iu the township. Early Locations. — A tract containing eleven hundred acres, lying between Alahanoy Hill and Limestone Ridge, including Elliotts- burg, was the subject of much controversy from 1755 until 1782, when it was finally settled by arbitration. Settlement, however, was made upon a part before 1750, for in May of that year, on complaint of the Indians to the Gov- ernor that the whites were trespassing on their lands, Richard Peters, of Philadeljjhia, and Conrad Weiser, as interpreter, were sent up to Cumberland Couuty to consult with the magis- trates and remove the trespassers. They went to the house of George Croghan, where they naet in council five Indians, delegates from the Indian nation, and Andrew INIontour, an inter- preter, after which Richard Peters, Conrad Weiser, the five magistrates and the sheriff went up the Big Juniata, between Thompson- town and IVEifflintown, where there was a set- tlement, the account of which will be found in Walker township, Juniata County. Mr. Richard Peters, in his letter of May, 1750, says of the magistrates who left his party on the 24th of May,— "Mr. Benjamin Chambers and Mr. George Croghan had about an hour before separated from us; and on meeting them again in Cumberhind County, they re- ported that they had been at Sheerman's Creek, or Little Juniata, situate about six miles over the Blue Mountain, and found there James Parker, Thomas Parker, Owen McKeib, John McClare, Richard Kirk- patrick, James Murray, John Scott, Henry Gass, John Cowan, Simon (iirtecand John Kilough, who had settled lands and erected Cabins or log Houses thereon ; and having convicted them of trespass on their view, they had bound them in recognizances of the penalty of one hundred Pounds to appear and answer for their trespasses, on the first day of the next county Court of Cumberland, to be held at Shippensburgh, and that the said trespassers had likewise entered into Bonds to the Proprietaries in five hundred Pounds penalty, to remove oft' immediately with all their servants. Cattle and effects, and had de- livered possession of their houses to Mr. George Stevenson for the Proprietaries' use; and that Mr. Stevenson had ordered some of the meanest of those cabbins to be set on Fire, where the fiimilics were not large, nor the Imprcjvcments considerable." Richard Kirk pat rick, it will be noticed, was one of the trespassers and had located and made his improvement on a tract a little north and northeast of the present town of Elliottsburg, and upon this action of the magistrates went away peaceably, with the promise that upon the purchase of the lands he might return and take out warrant upon laud including his improve- ment. The purchase was made in 1754, and warrants were first granted February 3, 1755. On the 4th . of February, in that year, John Sanderson was granted a warrant for one hun- dred and fifty acres, including the site of the east part of Elliottsburg, the present road from the hotel north being the line between his land and Samuel Fisher's. Samuel Fisher, May 1, 1755, took up a tract adjoining Sanderson. John Lukens, survevor-wneral, in a note to the warrant of Sanderson, says: "I understand the land called Samuel Fisher's in this warrant to be the land first settled by Richard Kirk- patrick, and that there was a line marked be- tween said Kirkpatrick and Sanderson by con- sent." It appears from this note that Kirli:- patrick and Sanderson were both upon the ground before the applications were made to the Land-Office and had agreed upon a line between them, but by some means Samuel Fisher man- aged to obtain a \\arraut covering the improve- ment made by Kirkpatrick. It also appears from the hearing before the Governor, in 1768, that in 1758 Richard Kirkpatrick and George Sanderson, the father of John, had made im- provements and was living there at tiie time. The warrant of Richard Kirkpatrick, made November 10, 1762, recites that several years before Kirkpatrick applied for a warrant for two hundred acres covering his improvement and was disappointed in obtaining it. The warrant of November 10, 1762, ditt'ers from other warrants, inasmuch as it was written and not pi'intcd. It recites his early settlement and is here given. It is signed by James Ham- ilton, and directed to John Lukens, surveyor- general. " By the Proprietaries. WhereM, Richard Kirk- patrick, on or about the year 1750, settled on a tract of about two hundred acres of land in Sherman's Valley, now in tlie county of Cumberland, before the same was ])urchased of the Indians, who, taking PERRY COUNTY. 1147 umbrage at settlements being made there before they had agreed to sell those lands to the Government, on the Indians' complaint, sent proper persons to prevail on those settlers peaceably to give up and quit their possessions and improvements under a promise and assurance from our agents that as soon as the said purchase should be compleated they should have war- rants granted to them, and be permitted to return to their respective settlements. And, Whereas, the said Richard Kirkpatrick (being one of the persons who gave bond to us jjeaceably from his said settlement, on our agent's promise to permit him to return thereto, as aforesaid) did, several years ago, after the said purchase (the said purchase made of the Indians) apply for a warrant for the said two hundred acres, and hath now again renewed his a{)plication and agrees to pay to our use, for the said two hundred acres, within the term of six months fi'om the date hereof, at the rate of fifteen pounds, ten shillings cur- rent money of the Province for every hundred acres, and also to pay the yearly quit-rent of one half-penny sterling for every acre thereof These are, therefore, to authorize and require you to survey, or cause to be surveyed, unto the said Richard Kirkpatrick the said quantity of two hundred acres, including his improve- ment in Sherman Valley afd. and make return thereof unto the Secretaries Office, in order for con- firmation, for which this shall be your Sufficient War- rant. Given under my hand and the seal of the land office, by Virtue of Certain Powers from the Said Proprietaries at Philadelphia, this 12th day of No- vember, Anno Domini, 1762. James Hamiltox. "To JOHXLUKEXS, Surveyor-General." It appears from the affidavits liere given of William Orr and John Crozzer in 1765, that Kirkpatrick was living at the house of Samuel Fisher, and upon the taking out of the war- rant of 1762, Kirkpatrick filed a caveat, which was brought to the notice of the Gover- nor and postponetl, and again brought up in 1768. The following is a copy of the proceeding and depositions in the case, and have been ob- tained from Mr. Jas. P. Hackett, of Xew Bloom- field. Theyare given entire, and contain much in- formation concerning the early settlement. The deposition of William Patterson refers to Henry Montour. The names Andrew and Henry Mon- tour, it is now admitted, are' used interchange- ably, and refer to the same person. Andrew Montour was sent to the locality by the Gover- nor to warn off all trespassers. A tract of land was granted him by the Indians before the pur- chase, on which he settled, and later, warranted, and was surveyed in his right to William Mit- chell, and is now a part of Landisburg. ]\Ion- tour evidently gave Dason a right or permission to raise corn there, as early as 17.53, as is shown by the affiidavit of William Patterson. The depositions were used in the proceedings of November 30, 1768. " Ctjjibeelaxd SS. " William Orr came before me, one of his majesty's Justices for Said county, and made oath that about the 5th of Aprile, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-foure, he went over with Samuel Fisher and part of his familie to his plantation in Shearman's Valley, and found Richard Kirkpatrick on said plantation, and further saith that he lived with said Fisher one month at that time, and that said Samuel Fisher did not in any manner .abuse said Kirkpatrick, to this deponent's knowledge, and further saith not. his William o Ore. mark. '■'Signed and sworn this 12th day of March 176-5, before me, " JONATHOX HOGE." "Cumberland SS. John Crozzer came personally before me, one of his majesty's justices for said county, and made oath that about the 1st day of Aprile, 1754, he went over with Samuel Fisher and part of his familie to his plantation in Sherman's vally, and in company with James Watson, William Orr, James Purdy, William Brown and James Dickson, and found Richard Kirkpatrick on said plantation, and saith that he then lived with said Samuel Fisher about two weeks, and never knew that Samuel Fisher nor any of the above said men, did in any manner abuse said Kirkpatrick, and further saith that said .Samuel Fisher and said Kirkpatrick went down to Andrew Munture's place in order to refer their dis- pute about the title of said plantation, as they said, to John Scott and Alexander Sanderson, who went with them, and further saith not. " John Crozzer. "Signed and sworn this 12th day of March, 1765, before me, " JOXATHON HoGE.". "Cumberland County SS.— The Deposition of William Patterson, Farmer, Taken in Shearman's Valey Before me, The Subscriber, one of his Majes- tie's Justices for the said County, who, being duly examined and sworn according to law, Saith : That this deponent and a sertain James Kennedy bought a crop of Indian Corn about 15 years ago from a ser- tain William Dason, Reputed Brother-in-law To Henry Monture, which corn, he said, Dason had raised upon the place whereon Samuel Fisher now lives, in Sherman's Valey, and said Dason Told this Deponent his Brother-in-law, Montoure, had given him a place or plantation Thare. This, To the best 1148 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of this Depouent's Knowledge, is what past between him and Said Dason. " William Patteesox. " Sworn and Subscribed before me this 16th of November, 1768. "George Kobixson." "At the Governor's, Wednesday, the 30th Novem- ber, 1768. " Present, The Governor, The Secretary, The Eecr. General Hockley, Surveyor General. On Caveat Judgment of the late Sectery & Eehearing J- before the Governor, Secre- ! tary, Recr. General & Sur- J veyor General. On Caveat judgt. and Re- hearing as above. ' Richard Kirkpatrick agt. Samuel Fisher. ' George Sanderson ^ agt. ;. Samuel Fisher J " Upon the Rehearing it appeared as it did before the late Secretary, that the said George Sanderson & Richard Kirkpatrick both settled on the large ti'act of land which the said parties now claim, 15 or 16 years ago, before the Said Samuel Fisher settled there and before it was purchased from the Indians and a division line was agreed on by the said Geo. Sanderson and Richard Kirkpatrick between their proposed set- tlements. But that their Settling with divers others on those lands before purchased, giving umbrage to the Indians, and they making complaint to the gov- ernment, the said settlers, by order of the Governor, were prevailed upon to move away & leave their set- tlements on a promise of the then Sect'y, that they should have Warrants for & return to them after pur- chased of the Indians. That accordingly, the Said Geo. Sanderson afterwards obtained a warrant in the name of his son John, dated Feby. 4, 1755, for 150 acres, in order to include his said Settlement. " That the Said Saml. Fisher soon after obtained a warrant for 200 acres, dated May 1, 1755. " And that the Said Richard Kirkpatrick also then applied lor a warrant for hi.s said settlement of which he was then disappointed, but afterwards obtained one dated 10th of November, 1762, for 200 acres, in- cluding his Said improvement in Sherman's Valley. " That on or about the 15th of April, 1761 (before Kirkiiatrick got his warrant), Samuel Finley, by the direction and as assistant to Col. Armstrong, Surveyed a large tract for the said George Sanderson & Samuel Fisher, amounting to al)out 1100 acres on their Said two warrants, a« appears by a resurvej' thereof Since made by Bartram Gailbreath, Duputy-Surveyor, by order of the Secretary & Surveyor-fieneral and now produced. " And upon the matter thus circumstanced it ap- peared to the late Secretary and the Surveyor-Gen- eral (then present at y"" hearing), that the Said large tract was very sufficient to Satisfy not only the said two warrants of Sanderson & Fisher, but also thesaid Kirk- patrick's warrant. And the Secretar}' was therefore of opinion that the said Kirkpatrick ought to have a part thereof laid out to him towards the middle, be- tween the houses of Sanderson and Fisher, in such manner as the Surveyor-General should judge most just & equitable for Satisfying all the said three war- rants and so as to include the head and part of a spring where the Said Richard Kirkpatrick cleared a Small piece, supposed to be at or near the place marked in the Said Galbreath's resurvey b. R. K., and the Said Secretary did adjudge and direct that the Surveyor-General Should lay out or cause the Said tract, or So much thereof as he should judge proper, to be laid out and divided amongst the said George or .lohn Sanderson, Samuel Fisher & Richard Kirkpatrick, for satisfying their Said Warrants, and upon the rehearing it appeared further by the infor- mation of the Surveyor-General that he had lately been upon the ground & lands with Capt. Wm. Ly- on and viewed the same in order to execute the Said Judgment, but found it impracticable to lay the Warrant of Kirkpatrick, as above directed by the late Secretary, without ruining the settlements both of Fisher & Sanderson ; and it apjjeared also by the deposition of one John Scott, who is allowed to be a man of credit, that after the removal of Kirkpatrick and Sanderson from off their settlements as aforesaid, a certain Andrew Montour, by permission of the In- dians, settled on or about or near the place, and some time after sold the place to Fisher whereon both Fisher's and Kirkpatrick's warrants are located, and that afterwards Fisher, Montour and Kirkpatrick, upon a dispute between them concerning the right of the land, referred the matter to the Said John Scott and Several others and that the said arbitrators did adjudge the land to Fisher and that Montour Should pay Kirkpatrick nine pounds, which they determined to be the value of the improvement he had made upon the land and that the said Kirkpat- rick was contented with the judgment ; And it ap- peared also on the Said rehearing that the Said Kirk- patrick has never Since made any improvement or settlement on the said land, not being allowed to do it by Fisher. And the Board now taking the whole matter into consideration, are of opinion that as the warrants of Fisher & Sander.-on are both prior to Kirkpatrick's, and were Surveyed before he obtained his, and their improvements are of considerable value, that their [Kissessions ought not now to be disturbed by Kirkpatrick's Subsequent Warrant, especially as he had once submitted his dispute to arbitrators who had determined the right of the land against him and ordered him a compensation for his improve- ment. And the Governor accordingly orders that the warrant of Kirkpatrick Shall not be executed ac- cording to its location and the judgment of the late Secretary, which left the matter in some measure to the discretion of the Surveyor-Genl., who, upon view of the place, iinds it cannot be executed with- I PERRY COUNTY. 1149 I out the inconvenience above mentioned. And that the division line between Fislier & Sanderson shall be drawn across the Survey made by Finley at the Lick described upon the plot of the resurvey by Galbreath, agreeable to the old consentable line be- tween Kirkpatrick and Sanderson, and that Kirkpat- rick be allowed (if he chmes it) to lay his warrant on the East end of the large survey by Finley, where Thomas Fisher, Son of Saml. Fisher, has built a Cabbiii & made a trifling improvement without any Kind of authority. And if he does not diuse to lay his warrant there the Governor orders that he have a new Warrant for the same quantity of his old one in any other part of the county where he can discover any vacant, unappropriated land and that the money paid the proprs. for his Warrant be applied to such new warrant upon his release of the other. And that the Survej'or may the better understand this Judg- ment the division lines between the parties are drawn upon the plot of resurvey above-mentioned in Bed. " In Testimony that the foregoing is a true copy of an entry in Minute of Property Book, pages 149, 150, 151 & 152, remaining in my office, I have hereunto Set my hand and seal of Office at Philadelphia the 3rd of Oct. 1795. " David Kexxedy, " Sectij. Land office." These proceedings did not settle the dispute, as it is again brought up in 1782, when the parties to tlie dispute made agreement to settle by arbitration. Moses Kirkpatrick appears for Richard Kirkpatrick, and Samuel and James Fisher for Samuel Fisher,. These are probably sons of the original disputants. The following is a copy of the agreement and the award : "JuxE 15, 1782. "We, the subscribers, do Solemnly Swear that we will Stand to and abide by the finale Judgment and De- termination of Jonathan Hoge, William Richardson, Robert Robb, Thomas Beals, David Mitchell and George Douglass, or a majority of their judgments, if they agree, and make one with regard to all manner of disputes with regard to land or any other difference now Subsisting between us. " James Fisher, "Samuel F'ishee, " Moses Kiepateick." " Sworn and Subscribed before me, " David McCluee." "To all people to whom this present writing In- dented of award Shalt come. Greeting. Whereas there has subsisted and doth now Subsist a contro- versy concerning the right and title of a certain tract and percitl of land situate lying and being in the State of Pennsylvania, County of Cumberland, and township of Tyrone, Whereon James Fisher and Samuel Fisher now liveth, between them, the said Samuel and James Fisher and a certain Moses Kirpatrick ; and Whereas, for setting the said controversy and putting an end to the said dispute with regard to the title of said land, they, the said Samuel and James Fisher and Moses Kirkpatrick, have, by their Solemn oaths and their said depositions. Signed under their hands, the loth of this instant, be- come bound to stand to and abide by the award and final determination of us, Jonathan Hoge, William Rich- ardson, Thomas Beales, George Douglas, David Mitchell and Robert Robb, or a majority of our judg- ments, if we could agree to make one; now Know Ye, that we, the said arbitrators, Whose names are here- unto subscribed and seals affixed, having voluntarily become bound on oath to judge and determine in the present dispute according to the best of our judgments and evidence, Taking the burden of the said award upon us, and having fully examined and duly com- pared the proofs and allegations of both the said parties as well as examined all their witnesses upon oath, do, for settling friendship and amity between them, make and publish this our award by and be- tween the said parties, in manner following : That is to Say, Imprimis, — We do award and order that all actions, suits, quarrels and controversies, whatsoever had moved, arisen or depending between the said parties, in Law or Equity, for any manner or cause whatsoever touching the right and title of the said land unto the day of the date hereof Shall Seace and be no further prosecuted, and that each of the Said parties pays his own Costs concerning the Said premises, and we do also award that the Said Moses Kirkpatrick hath no right, nor title to Said lands and premises, and, therefore, from this time forth, forever is to quit claim thereto. And finally we award that the whole right and property of the said lands and premises hath been and now is in the Said Samuel and James Fisher, as witness our hands and seals this 31st day of May 1782. " Jonathan Hoge, [Seal.] "William Richardson, [Seal.] " Thomas Beales, [Seal.] " Geoege Douglass, [Seal.] " David Mitchell." [Seal.] It is not known whether Richard KirkiDatrick took up other land on his warrant, as he was permitted to do, but it is evident that his death occurred before the final settlement, and that Moses, who appeared in the case in 1772, was ousted from any rights in the land in dispute. It is probable that these brothers — Moses, Isaac and Joseph — were sons of Richard Kirkpatrick. Joseph and Isaac settled in what is now Carroll 1150 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. township and Moses in Penn township, where an account of tiiem will be found. The arbitrators in tlie case were chosen from different parts of the county, as it was then : Jonathan Hoge resided near Hogetown ; Wil- liam Richardson lived near the Hickory Grove school-house, Penn townshij) ; Thomas Bealc in Beale township, Juniata County ; George Douglas, near Green Park ; and David Mitchell on the Barnett farm, near New Bloomfield. The east pai-t of the Samuel Fisher tract passed to Thomas Fisher (a son), who also war- ranted other lands, and which are now owned by the heirs of David Stambaugh. The John Sanderson warrants were dated, respectively, February 4, 1755, May 17, 1785, and August 28, 1789. John Sanderson resided on the one hundred and fifty acres which he warranted February 4, 1755, adjoining the Samuel Fisher tract, and died there in 1790. He owned eleven hundred acres in one body, and by his will directed that his nephew (George Elliott) should have four hundred acres. John Sanderson, in 1782, was assessed with two stills aud a grist-mill, M'hich was run as late as 1873 by its last owner, John Snyder, who bought the mill property from George S. Hackett. In 1829 George Elliott sold his tract to George S. Hackett, father of James B. Hackett, of New Bloomfield ; and for many years George S. Hackett lived and kept hotel in what was probably the first brick house in the county, being built prior to 1790 and stood until 1884. Thomas Gray is the present owner. Alex. Topley bought the Hackett property in 1848, and Mr. Hackett removed to New Bloom- field. The farm has since in turn belonged to John Reeder, John Gray (the father of James and Thomas Gray), who now owns it, the latter living on the old homestead. Portions of the original tract are also owned by William Swegers, William Sheibley, Mrs. Rachel Heuch and others. The eastern part of the Sanderson tract was bought by Philip aud Jacob Stambaugh. Philip Stambaugh, in May 8, 1812, warranted two hun- dred acres, now tiie Captain Kistler farm. John Stambaugh, a grandson of the original war- rantee, now lives on the tract. East of Elliottsburg, near Limestone Ridge, is a tract of three hundred and thirty-seven acres taken by Thomas Fisher, son of Samuel Fisiier, !March 27, 1788. Jacob Stambaugh, brother of Philij), bought this tract, and lived and died there. His son David resided on the old place until the time of his death, in ilay, 1885. Two brothers of David, namely, Daniel and ]\Iartin, were sheriffs of Perry Count}-, elected, respectively, in 1820 and 1835. The farm is now in possession of David Stambaugh, • a son of David, and extends from Limestone Ridge to Mahanoy and adjoins Centre township. The Stambaugh farms in great part were in- cluded in the Sanderson-Fisher warrants. Abraham Smith and Caspar Comp took out a warrant, June 20, 1793, for one hundred and fifty acres, now owned by George Beistline and others. William Power warranted, May 28, 1788, eighty-six acres south of Elliottsburg and em- bracing part of it. This land was bought by Hcury Shumaker, and sold by him to William Sheibley and Martin Stambaugh in equal share. South of Elliottsburg Mathew Pierson war- ranted, January 28, 1788, two hundred and six- teen acres. This tract was three miles in lenarth and of peculiar shape, forming what closely re- sembles a horseshoe, being ten rods at the east end and sixty-one rods at the M'est end, and, in the toe of the shoe is about eighty rods wide. The property was sold to Charles McCoy, and by him to Henry Rice, father of the late Henry Rice, deceased, of New Bloomfield. John Kistler's heirs, Jacob Dum and Daniel Reap- som now own the land. Samuel Fisher, who died in 1775, left his property to his sons, James and Thomas. On August 4, 1785, James Fisher sold his half to John Fulwiler, of Cumberland County, for the sum of five hundred and seventy-five pounds. On February 10th, 1807, Abraham Fulwiler, brother of John, took up one hundred and ninety-three acres, being a part of the earlier Sanderson-Fisher tracts. The John and Abra- ham Fulwiler lands were bought by Henry Shumaker, and from him passed to William Sheibley and AVilliam Kistler. Abraham Fulwiler removed to Landisburg, PERRY COUNTY. 1151 where he kept stove from 1815 to 1818; was register aud recorder iu 1822, and died in Lan- disbiirg iu 1830. James Baxter was one of the earliest settlers, aud warranted two hundred and seveu acres, adjoining what is now tiie farm of William Sheibley, and has been owned by Dr. AVilliam Niblock, Michael Noll, John M. Smith, and now by Moses Seller. ELLIOTTSBUEG. The village of Elliottsburg, which is located on parts of the original lands warranted to William Power aud Samuel Fisher, received its uame from George Elliott, nephew of John San- derson, and was called to Elliottsburg in 1828, wheu the jjost-office was established with Henry C. Hackett as postmaster. He was succeeded by Major Cadwalladtr Jones, James Kacy (in 1837), James B. Hackett (from 1847 to 1851), William Snyder, William Hassiuger and Mrs. Rebecca Foose. Peter Bernheisel kept the first store; it was bought by Cadwallader Jones, and moved across the road. Additions were afterward made by him to the old building, and the property is now occupied as a store and dwelling-house by F. S. Rice. A room in the present residence of William Shively has for many years been used as a store-room, and at present is rented by George A. Smith. The old tavern was built as early as 1826. Mrs. Gilbert Moon, widow, came from Landis- burg and kept hotel from 1838 to 1842, after- ward removing to Loysville. She was suc- ceeded by Jacob Grove, John Snyder (during who.se occupancy, in January, 1856, the building burnt down, but was rebuilt in the following summer), John Hench, John Gray, then by his two sons, James and Thomas, and in the spring of 1 884, George Barnhart, its present owner, came into possessiou. At the time of the loca- tion of the county-seat, what is now Elliotts- burg was proposed as a suitable site. The " Little Germany" tracts were taken up by John Fuas, " King of Germany," June 12, 1794. Fuas (Foose) accumulated extensive prop- erty, which was left to his heire. In 1820, John Fuas (Foose now spelled), was assessed on three hundred acres, one saw-mill and one distillery. A tavern was kept on the old mansion farm until 1827. Gallows Hill received its name from the fact that the sign of the tavern was a high post with a projecting arm, from which was suspended an ij-on ring, the whole suggesting the idea of a gallows. The property now belongs to the heirs of Daniel and Michael Foose and to Solomon Reeder. Edward Irvine, December 26, 1766, took up a large tract, in part the present projjerties of Joseph Rice, Dr. Louis Ellerman, Gustav Boltz and William Loy. The Rice farm was afterwards owned by Henry Gass, who died in 1838. The property was sold to Richard P. Diven, who later parted with it to Zachariah Rice, at whose decease it came to his heirs. The Loy farm, at an early date, was the propert)^ of Thomas March, whose son, Joseph, succeeded to it, and he transferred it to Michael Loy, and he to his son, William Loy. Henry Guss, on April 14, 1818, sold a part of his tract to Jacob Gamber, and he, on April 12, 1819, sold it to Conrad Holman. Caspar Comji, June 17, 1795, took up sixty acres, including an improvement of Hermanns Aldricks, M'ho, with his brothers, James and West Aldricks, had warranted adjoining lands July 1, 1784. Conrad Holman, about 1800, came from Ches- ter County and bought this tract and built a fulling-mill and .saw- mill. " Slabtown " received its name ft-om the fact that at that time the houses in the neighborhood were in great part built of slabs from Conrad Holman's mill. Daniel McAfee bought the propei-ty of Conrad Holman. In 1842 he sold the fulling-mill and saw-mill portion to Wilson McAfee, whose heirs still own it and reside there. About 1856 the remainder of the original tract was sold to John Rice, of Juniata County, from whom the present owner, William Hall, bought it. East of what is now Landisburg, West and .James Aldricks warranted, July 1, 1784, one hundred and seventy acres. George Stroop later owned it. Stroop owned two hundred and fifty acres adjoining John Wilson, Esq., before 1800, and on February 27, 1803, warranted two hun- 1152 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. dred and fifty acres adjoining his earlier pur- chase. Abraham Shively, at an early date, bought a long, narrow strip of land reaching to the town limits, on which he built a brick house and kept a hotel, known as Blue Ball Tavern, from the sign of the blue balls. This property is now owned in part by David Long. George Stroop sold to the Dunkelbergers, in April, 1814, one hundred and sixty aci'es adjoining his other tract, patented to John Wingert August 7, 1806, who died, and Stroojj bought the tract December 16, 1809. While Stroop was living on this tract he was sheriff of Cumberland County. The Stroop heirs were assessed on thirteen hundred and twelve acres in 1820. The main tract of the Strooj) property was sold in 1821 to Martin Swartz, who, on Febru- ary 4, 1822, sold it to John Junkin, of Cum- berland County, who settled on it in the spring of 182.3. Mr. Junkin was chosen associate judge of Perry County, June 7, 1832, in place of Wil- liam Anderson, deceased, and served nineteen years. On the 9th of March, 1854, he sold the farm to John Brown, of Philadelphia, and moved to Muscatine, Iowa, with all his family, except Judge B. F. Junkin. A few years later the farm was sold to Samuel Spotts, the present owner, and in 1864 he surveyed twenty acres and the grist-mill and saw-mill to William Heckerdorn. A part of the Stroop tract is also owned by William Linn, of Landisburg. David Beard, on April 2, 1763, warranted one hundred and fifty acres, and on August 26, 1791, sixty-five acres. These lands constituted in great part the farm known in later times as the farm of the Misses Mary, Jane and Isabella Foster, who conveyed the land to Samuel Spotts. Mr. Spotts sold the property to Peter Kling, and he to George Leonard, and from him it was bought by Dr. William Hays. A part of David Beard's tract passed into the hands of John Welsh, and at his death remained for some time in the j)ossession of his heirs, who, in 1836, sold it to Henry Cooper. Andrew Beitzel and Andrew Spahr, in 18,38, bouglit it from Coo})er. The two owners divided the prop- erty, and, in 1853, Andrew Spahr sold his part to Jonathan Dunklebergcr. The farm of Andrew Beitzel descended to his son, David, who sold it to Dr. Louis Ellerman about three years ago. The Hermanus Aldrick tract, warranted July 1, 1784, comprises the Christian Kell farm of a later date, which is now owned by Frederick Souder. Hermanus Aldrick, the warrantee, was a magistrate in Carlisle in 1760, and was one of the first members of Assembly from Cum- berland County. The Fry mill and the fai-m now owned by William Weibly became the property of Wilson McClure, who built the mill and sold it to ^lar- tin Swartz. James Diven warranted one hundred and ninety-five acres March 1, 1755. He built a tanner}'. He died in 1818. Joseph and John were his sons and his executors. In 1830 the property was sold to Daniel Spotts, and is m>\v owned by his son, Frank Spotts. The old mansion farm, which passed out of the possession of the Divens, on the death of James Diven, was left to his wife, who died in 1832. It was then sold to Jonathan Dunkle- bergcr and is now owned by Abraham Wertz. Hugh Kilgofe, on the 6th of February, 1755, warranted two hundred and seventeen acres, and in 1766 took up oue hundred and twenty- three acres. William McClure married Jane Kilgore, and James Wilson another daughter. To the Wilson heirs descended the bulk of the Hugh Kilgore land, and they sold it to Benja- min Smith, from whom it was bought by John C. Sheibley, whose son, Simon Sheibley, now owns it. Hugh Kilgore also took out a war- rant December 28, 1770, and David Kilgore March 1, 1797. These tracts in part became the property of Henry Sunday. He sold a part of it to Benjamin Dunklebergcr on April 21, 1816. By an article of agreement January 10, 1822, Henry Sunday, Sr., transferred to his son John two parcels of land containing respectively seventy-si.\ and forty-six acre.*, the one adjoin- ing James Wilson's heirs, James Diven's heirs, Benjamin Dunklebergcr and Henry Sunday, Jr., the other tract adjoining Benjamin Dunkle- bergcr and Thomas Kennedy's heirs. At the same date as above Heniy, Jr., received one PERRY COUNTy. 1153 I hundred and twenty-two acres, adjoining Thomas Kennedy's heirs, John Sunday, John Kell and others. By this agreement the two sons were to take care of the father, who lived many years after. The John kSunday farm passed into the possession, successively, of Jacob Noftsinger, William Lightner, John Shumaker and now belongs to the Billman heirs. The Henry Sunday farm was sold by his heirs to Jeremiah Dunkleberger. David Robb in 1784 warranted a tract of one hundred acres. This land at date of warrant included a "pine-mill," which in all probability was at or near the site of the present Went- zell's mill, and was one of the earliest in the county. The mill property in later years became the property of Robert Crozier, and was bought from him by Peter Heuch. It is now owned by Adam Wentzell. An old dis- tillery was also on this property, which was contemporary with the mill and was abandoned but a few years ago. A second tract of David Robb, containing seventy acres, adjoining the preceding one, was warranted April 5, 1785. The most of the land included in tlie two war- rants some years ago was known as the Rine- smith farm, wiiicli later became the property of Alexander Adams, but is now owned by Foster Spotts. John G. Sheibley's farm is also of the old Rinesmith farm. It may be mentioned that the house in which Mr. Sheibley lives is built partly of material taken from the old West mansion, erected on Abraham Bower's property, about the time the Wests warranted their lands. On both sides of Sherman's Creek, near what is now Bridgeport, lands were warranted by the Ross family — Jonathan, Thomas, John and Samuel. Thomas Ross, by warrant June 1, 1762, took up one hundred and sixty-two acres, and Samuel thirty acres in 1784. During this time six hundred and twenty-five acres were taken up by the brothers. Jonathan Ross, on February 2, 1763, warranted a tract of one hundred and fifty acres adjoining land of Thomas Ross, Hugh Kilgore and John Ken- nedy. Tills last tract is now owned by George Sheibley, Thomas Morrow, Jacob Bonsam and John Emlett. 73 Across the creek and along its banks, from Bridgeport toward Laudisburg, and into Tyrone township, the Ross tract extended to what is now thecemetery. This portion is now included in the farms of Peter Lightner and the Colonel Graham farm, which lately was owned by Wil- liam Stambaugh, but passed into the hands of D. H. Sheibley and Dr. D. B. Millikcn in October, 1885. John Waggoner bought five hundred acres of the Ross tract on both sides of the creek at an early day. He settled iu Kennedy's Val- ley. In 18U5 the mill known as John Wag- goner's Grist-Mill was erected. This mill in 1855 became the property of William W. Sny- der and Joseph McClure, but William W. Sny- der is now sole proprietor. Waggoner's Gap received its name from this family. At the session of 1826-27 a State road was ordered, and by May 31, 1827, it had been surveyed and completed by way of the gap in the mountains now known as Waggoner's Gap. On the Ross tracts, on north bank of Sherman's Creek, is built the village of Bridgeport, which first became a centre when, in 1832, James Ball erected a small smith-shop. In 1838 Wilson Welsh started a little store on the prop- erty now in possession of Mrs. David Sheaffer. At the present time the ])lace contains, besides several dwelling-houses, a blacksmitli-shop and the large store of John A. Bower. Along Sherman's Creek in Spring township, and extending into Carroll, the Gibsons at an early date took up large tracts of land. Among the warrants were those taken by George Gib- son, fifty acres, February 2, 1785; and fifty acres adjoining Francis ^^'est and Ross Mitchell, April 23, 1787 ; Anne West Gibson, one hun- dred acres, April 16, 1793, adjoining lands of Edward West, and including Falling Springs of to-day. The bulk of the Gibson land, how- ever, descended from the West estate, one of whose heirs, Ann West, married George Gibson George Gibson, Sr., was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to this country early in the last century. In 1729 he kept a tavern in what is now Lancaster City, having erected the first public-house in that place. While there, 1154 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. George Gibson, Jr., was born. The latter, when a young man, went to Silver Springs, Cumberland County, where he bought a mill ; he later removed to what is Perry County of to-day, settling upon the land of his father-in- law, Francis AVest, whose daughter Ann he had married about the year 1772. Shortly after he moved to this county the Revolutionary War broke out, and, as colonel of a regiment of West- ern Pennsylvauians and Virginians, he entered the service and was engaged throughout the whole of that memorable struggle. He never returned home, but lived in Philadelphia, visit- ing his relatives in this county occasionally. Colonel Gibson remained in the military ser- vice and was with St. Clair at his defeat, No- vember 4, 1791, and was killed in the battle. George Gibson was the father of four sons and oue daughter. The daughter died in infancy. Francis was born at Silver Spring, Cumberland County, and in 1808 went to Carlisle, and was register and recorder for a term. At the expi- ration of his term of office he came to the home- stead and died there in 185G. George Gibson, auotlier sou, was born at Westover, called in honor of the old West family estate in Eng- land, in this county. In his early life he trav- eled over a great part of the world, and at the commencement of the War of 1812 he was ap- pointed lieutenant and served throughout it. He was an active officer in the Seminole Indian War, Florida, and in Jackson's Presidency was appointed commissary-general. His remains now lie in the Congressional Cemetery at Wash- ington. William Chcsney Gibson, a third son, in earlv life learned the milling trade, but after- Avards went to sea. He died comparatively a young man, and his remains are interred in the old Poplar Church grave-yard, Tyrone town- shi)i. Hiram John Banister Gibson was born at Westover, in Perry County. (For career, see Bench and Bar.) The Gibson heirs were assessed in 1820 on four luinilred and lifty acres of land, one saw- mill and one grist-mill. Francis, eldest son of George Gibson, was the father of twelve children, — eight sous and four daughters. At the death of Francis Gibson the land descended to his heirs, of whom Robert Gibson lives on part of the tract, at Falling Springs, and Francis Gibson on the old home- stead. The famous old mill property has passed into the hands of Sponsler & Junkin, and the farm of John Zimmerman, lately owned by D. M. Rinesmith, was part of the original tract. The old Westover Mill was built by Anne West Gibson before 1782, and is one of the oldest in the county. It was used regularly until 1850. After a period of idleness for almost twenty years, it has since been converted into a spoke and felloe-factory, and later into a paint-mill. At present it is not in operation. On the west of what later became the Gibson property, and extending northward, the West family, whose ancestor, Francis West, came to this country from the family seat of Westover, England, with AVilliam Penn, on his second visit to this country, about 1700, took up laroe tracts of land along Sherman's Creek. AVilliam West, April 7, 1755, warranted three hundred and twenty-three acres of land sur- veyed May 7, 1755; Francis AA^est, several tracts on February 3, 1755, and April 9, 1757 ; and Ann West Gibson a tract April 2o, 1787 ; Edward AVest, one hundred acres, October 27, 1792, adjoining lands of James Diven on the north and other lands of said Edward AVest on the south and east, known as " Quaker Hill." He also patented a tract March 25, 1790, called « Trouble Ended." Francis AVest, mentioned above, was the father, and was a squatter before he warranted his lands. His old hut was standing as late as 18-34 on the farm now in possession of Judge Blair's heirs. At the outbi'cak of the Revolu- tionary War he lived in Carlisle and was judge of Cumberland County at that time, but during the struggle moved to his estate in Perry County, where he died about 1784. In his will, dated September 6, 1781, and in subsequent codicils, after distributing his slaves, of whom he had five, he divided his property as follows : To his son AVilliam AVest, a merchant of Baltimore, who had sold to his father his land soon after he had warranted it, property in Norlhnndier- laud Countv and in Carlisle. To Edward the 1 PEERY COUNTY. 1155 Clover Hill estate, except sixty acres ; also tract of laud on Sherman's Creek called Upper Bot- tom ; also tract adjoining Alexander Diven. To William West and Edward, and Alexander Lowrv, his brother-in-law, " the tract on which he now lives ;" also sixty acres off Clover Hill tract, to be held in trust for his daughter Ann, who received his stills. Edward received two hun- dred and tifty acres in Fermanagh township, Juniata County, in trust for Dorothy, his sister, wife of Thomas Kinsloe. Mar}- West INlitch- ell, a granddaughter, a tract adjoining William West's survey on the east. Edward AVest, on the death of his flither, settled on the old place, but afterwards removed to Landisburg, and died there about 1816. He left to his son, William West, the property now in possession of Abraham Bower, whose grand- father bought the property in 1 835, and it has descended from father to son since. William West died at the residence of his son, Rev. William A. West, in Harrisburg, June, 1882, in his ninetj'-sixth year. Edward and Henry West received that portion of the estate of late years owned by Daniel Garber. George West M\ heir to the farm now in possession of William Stambaugh. Nancy West, wife of Rev. David Elliott, D.D., of Allegheny Theo- logical Seminary, a tract of land which Jacob Albert, of Landisbiu-g, jiurchased, who dying in 1853 or 1854, the property was sold, and is DOW owned by Henry Evinger. A son Arm- strong received no property. Ann West Gib- son's land belongs in part to Gibson's heirs and others. The Mary AVest Mitchell laud, about one hundred acres, was sold to Jacob Rice, and from him purchased by Henry Bear, and is now Henry Evinger's property. The tract " Trouble Ended " is now included in Dun- kleberger's farm. James McCord warranted, March 10, 1794, two hundred acres, including an improvement adjoining Edward West, Ann Gibson, William Rogers and John Gilraore. The present owners I are William Henderson, James Robinson and Jacob Stutzman. This vicinity bears the uame of "Irishtown.' Xorth of the Iron Ridge was " Bachelors' warrant to Hugh Ferguson, dated August 1, 1784; it is now comprised in the property of Hugh Adams, Michael Garlin and others. The property now known as the Warm Springs tract was warranted to Solomon Dent- ler March 21, 1793. Its adjoiners at that time were Hugh Kilgore (land late of Robert Kelly, deceased), Edward West and William Gamber. Thomas Kennedy early came into possession of the tract and it passed to liis two sons, John and James. On February 2, 1829, "John Kennedy releases to James in the tract of two hundred and twenty-five acres owned by Thomas Kennedy, their father, adjoining West's tract, whereon James now resides." In 1830 James Kennedy resided on the Warm Springs part of the tract, and had erected bath-houses. John Hippie, after his term of office as sheriff of the county, 1826-29, had expired, on May 1, 1830, leased the property from James Ken- nedy for ten years and erected a large building, forty by forty-five feet, and more bath-houses. The springs in 1831 were opened to the public, who in years previous had lodged around in the neighboring farm-houses. In July, 1838, Peter Updegraffe, who was by marriage one of the heirs to the property, took charge of the springs and kejjt them open dur- ing the summer for the entertainment of strangers, employing his leisure time in farming and working in the pottery which he had erected. H. H. Etter, on August 8, 1849, bought the property from the Kennedy heirs, and on May 1, 1850, threw open the house to the public. While in the possession of Etter an addition was built to the main building seventy-five feet long. In 1860 the property passed into the hands of R. M. Henderson and John Hays, Esqs., of Carlisle. It was leased to various parties, and on April 4, 1865, the buildings were destroyed by fire. After the fire the springs ceased to be a place of resort. In 1867 Christian Thudium bought the property and soon afterwards sold it to Abraham Bower, its present owner. It will be remembered from a preceding para- graph that Henry Gass was a trespasser in 1750, and, with others, was driven out of the 1156 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. county and off the lands then owned by the Indians. He returned and took out warrants for hmd lying along Sherman's Creek. This tract included the farms known in early days as the Harmony, Gamber and Dunkleberger tracts. On the death of Henry Gass, his son John came into possession of at least part, if not the whole, of the pro])erty. On the 20th of March, 1 79^!, John Gass deeded to John Gamber a por- tion of his land, who on May 2, 1807, sold it to John Harmony. After the death of John Har- mony the farm was sold by executors, Decem- ber 28, 1827, to Jacob Sheibley, a son-in-law of John Harmony, and he remained in ]iossession until his death, in June, 1882, in the eighty- fourth year of his age. Jacob Sheibley, who at one time was an associate judge of Perry County, was a son of Peter Sheibley, who settled in Ty- rone. The John Dunkleberger part of the Gass ti-act has descended from father to son, and is Hiiw in possession of Joseph Dunkleberger. The Gainlier jiroperty came into the hands of Jeremiah Dunkleberger at a;i early date, and his son David resides on it at the present time. Robert Kclley warranted fifty acres, 25th of June, 1773, on the north side of Quaker Hill, adjoining his other land, Henry Gass and Hugh Kilgore. This land is now included in the land of Samuel Waggoner. His earlier land referred to in the warrant was later known as the Miller property, which, on its owner's death, passed to his heirs, and from them to Solomon Dunkleberger. It next passed into the hands of Al. Boger, and is now the farm of D. M. Rinesmith. In the southern jiortion of the township, on the 22d August, 17i)3, Christian Heckerdorn and Thomas McKee warranted four hundred acres, but on October 30, 1794, McKce released to Heckerdorn his portion. Christian Hecker- dorn, in 1820, was one of the largest land own- ers in Tyrone, being assessed on seven hundred and sixty-two acres, held by warrant and ])atent, tiiree hundred acres of which were in Pisgah. July 24, 1826, twenty -six acres adjoining Har- mony, Heckerdorn, Miller and Moses were sold to Christian Kell. Joseph Heckerdorn bought from Christian Heckerdorn, July 24, 1826, twenty-two acres, adjoining the lands of Abra- ham and Henry Long, Jr., and Adam and John Hays bought thirty-five acres in February, 1 827, on which to build Oak Grove Furnace. Most of the Heckerdorn property is now included in the lands of the McCormick heirs. On this tract was the Cold Magnesia Spring, whose waters were tested in 1821, and in 1822 David Heckerdorn erected bath-houses and made other improvements, and kept the place as a resort several years. In an old pa])er of October, 1825, Christian Heckerdorn adver- tised three hundred acres for sale, describing it as an excellent location for a furnace, having ore within one-half a mile. The Heckerdorn Tav- ern, on the Waggoner's Gap road, is standing, a well-preserved brick structure. Among the last hotel proprietors was Daniel B. Sheaffer. Oak Grove Furnace. — In February, 1827, Adam and John Hays purchased of Christian Heckerdorn thirty-five acres, on which to build a furnace. They made an agreement with John Miller, February 20, 1827, foi- "the right for twenty- one years to dig and haul iron-ore from any part of land on whidi Miller lives and has his tan-yard, at twenty dollars per year for every year they dig ore." March 16, same year, they made an agreement with Thos. March and Jacob Souder to pay each fifteen dollars per year. Adam and John Hays, in 1827, built here "Charlotte Furnace." It was put in blast December 4, 1827, under the management of Colonel George Patterson, and was in operation until December, 1828. Ihe average during the year was twenty-five tons of metal per week. The furnace was refitted in 1828-29, and blown in during the latter year. The name was changed to "Oak Grove." It passed from A. & J. Hays to Hays & Mc- Clure, John Hays remaining in the firm. In February, 1831, a post office was established at the works, with John Hays ]>ostmnster. After a time McClure retired, and John Hays continued until January 6, 1834, when he sold the furnace property, ore-rights and two thou- sand five hundred acres of land to Jacob F. Plies, for twenty-two thousand dollars. At this time Joseph L. Hollingshead was manager, but PERRY COUNTY. 1157 on Jamiarv 1, 1835, he was succeeded by Henry Snyder. The firm continued the business for some time as Plies, Hess & Co., but later as Plies, Feai'ing & Thudiuni. The last firm op- erating the furnace was Jacob F. Plies & Co., the company being Christian Thudium and Frederick Boger. The furnace was finally blown out about 1843, and the property passed into the hands of Christian Thudium. The furnace tract now belongs to the James McCormick heirs, who have erected upon it stave and saw- mills, and divided the tract into farms. When the furnace was blown out, in 1843, the post- office ceased to exist, but since the advent of the mills a post-office has been established, called " Lebo." H. L. Croll, first postmaster, was commissioned July 22, 1882, but, resigning in January, 1883, Mas succeeded l)y .Jennie Losh in March following, who, in turn resigning, Mrs. Charles Losh, the present incumbent, was ap- pointed in the latter part of 1S84. Near the Oak Grove Furnace lands William Nelson warranted, from 1787 to 1793, five hun- dred and fifty acres, and John McBride two hundred and twenty-four acres November 19, 1 767. These tracts, in time, were owned by Christian Thudium, and are now part of the McCormick estate. William Long, .3d of February, 1794, war- ranted four hundred acres of land, "adjoining lands on the west this day granted to John Long, and on north by land now in possession of John Caven, and to join the great road lead- ing from Carlisle to' Sunbury." This tract adjoins on the east what is now the McCormick prop- erty, and at present is owned in part by Samuel Adams. The gap through which the "great road" passed was called Thong's Gap, and still retains the name. The road across the moun- tain was originally a pack-horse route, from south across the country to the Susquehanna River, thence along to Sunbury. This road was used long before Sterrett's Gap was made for wagons. On order of survey, September 18, 1766, Hance Ferguson took up three hundred and four acres "on a run emptying into Sherman's creek." This also includes a patent to Hance Ferguson, dated May 21, 1804, containing two hundred and nine acres. The tract lies near what is known as Lebo, and is owned by John Hager, whose property also covers a patent to Frederick Sour (or Sower), taken ^lay 21, 1806. This farm was sold by Frederick Sower to William Sour, and by his heirs to its present owner. John Johnston took out two warrants dated respectively 13th November, 1766, and Novem- ber 7, 1771, and are located as " adjoining lands of James Polock (now John Carl), Sherman's Creek, and lands of Hance Ferguson and others," containing two hundred and thirty-seven acres. Benjamin and Adam Junkin bought this land May 8, 1773. Adam Junkin later warranted thirty-eight acres. Adam Junkin, in August, 1799, devised his real estate to his sisters, Jean Parkison and Mary Davis. The tract was di- vided, 22d March, 1806, and Benjamin Junkin, April 8, 1806, sold nis half to John Carl. The Parkison and Davis part passcfl into the hands of Christian HofPman, of Dauphin Coun- ty, who sold it to Thomas Lebo, its present owner. The Benjamin Junkin tract is doubt- less the old Peter Hench farm, adjoining the Lebo farm. S. P. Cree also owns a part of the Junkin lands. Near the Ferguson and Johnston warrants, on the road from Landisburg to Oak Grove, Peter Moses possessed a property early in the present century and built thereon a large stone black- smith-shop, noted in those days as the place of manufacture of the screw-auger. At his death his son Peter succeeded him, and he died prior to 1824, for in Novemlier of that year the noted blacksmith -shop, with tilt-hammer and grind- stones of Peter INIoses, Jr., deceased, were ad- vertised for rent. The tilt-hammer was operated by water-]iower, and was the first in that section of the country. John Miller, a relative, about 1837, converted it into a foundry and called it " Elizabeth Foundry," in which he carried on the manufacture of stoves and hollow- ware. John Waggoner rented the foundry somewhat later and carried on an extensive business until 1842, when he moved to Sheaffisr's Valley and lived on ])art of the Patterson property, where the Lightner mill is now built. The old cupola of the foundry is still standing. 1158 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. St. Peter's Church is located about two miles east of Landisburg, in Spring townshij), and in its first days was a Union Church. The early history of St. Peter's Church is involved in much obscurity, but when the Loysville Church was organized, this and other congregations were preaching stations, the min- isters stopping on their way from Carlisle to Loysville to administer to the spiritual welfare of the widely-scattered members. It is proba- ble that the conffreffations were first oriranized Do o somewliere about 1809. Prior to the year 1815 the Lutheran and Reformed congreffations had worshipped in a school-house located on the site afterwards occupied by St. Peter's Union Church. On December 23, 1815, a constitution was drawn up between the Lutheran and Reformed congregations, in which it was stated that, owing to the increasing number of Germans in that vicinity and tlic rapid growth of the congrega- tions, the school-house in which they had hither- to worslii].)pod had grown too small, and it was concluded to build a new church edifice. It was also stated that the church should be erect- ed on land given as a donation to the joint con- gregations by John Gamber. The corner-stone of this church was laid on the 15th of April, 1816. lu the spring of 1817 the church was dedicated, Revs. Jonathan and Albert HclflPen- stein, of the Reformed Church, and Revs. J. W. Heini and Benjamin Keller, of the Lutheran Church, being present. The cluircli was a log structure about thirty- five by forty feet in size. Inside there was a gallery on three sides; tlie pulpit was cup-shaped and mounted on a high post; the seats were high and uupainted. The edifice stood until 1857, when it was torn down and the present brick church structure was erected in its stead, which was dedicated September 20, 1857. From this time the title of St. Peter's applies distinc- tively to the Reformed congregation, and the succeeding account belongs to it. For the purpose of erecting a parsonage for the "German Reformed Presbyterian Church," on "April 8, 1824, Samuel Ickts sold to Pliilip Stambaugh, trustee of Zion Church, Toboyne township ; Henry Kell, trustee of Lebanon Church, Tyrone township; Philip Kell, trustee of St. Peter's Church, Tyrone township; Wil- liam Hippie, trustee of Fishing Creek Church, Rye township ; Caspar Lupfer, trustee of Christ Church, Juniata township; trustees of tlie Ger- man Reformed Presbyterian Church, fourteen acres of land for eight hundred dollars." The parsonage was built in what is now Spring township, and for many years was the residence of tlie pastor. The old parsonage property is now in possession of A^'illiam Dun- kleberger. Jacob Sheibley, now deceased, on November 26, 1864, transferred to the congre- gation eighty-three perches for church uses. The first pastor who administered to the spirit- ual welfare of the members was Rev. Alfred Helfenstein, then pastor at Carlisle. " But on October 13, 1819, Rev. Jacob Scholl assumed the pastorate. A short sketch of Rev. Scholl, the first stated pastor, is given. He was born in Bucks County, Pa., November 16, 1797. July 1, 1816, he was admitted into the church by rite of confirmation administered Iw Rew Samuel Helfenstein with whom he afterwards studied theology in Philadelphia. On Septem- ber 10, 1818, he was licensed to preach, and in the following October was ordained to the holy ministry. He preached his introductory ser- mon October 3, 1819, in St. Peter's Church, as pastor of the "Sherman Valley Cliarge," of which New Bloomfield was an integral part. In 1838 the pastoral charge had become so extend- ed, and the congregation so increased under his ministry, that it became necessary to divide the charge. He remained in tlie Landisburg end of the charge until 1840. In 1841 he accepted a call to the New Bloomfield charge (the lower end), and so continued until the close of his life, September 4, 1847. His death occurred in the house now owned by Singer Whitmcr, on the road leading from New Bloomfield to Newport. Rev. C. H. Lcinbach succeeded to the charge in 1842, and served faithfully for sixteen and a half years. The successors, with dates,' are as follows : Rev. Henry Mosser from 1 860 to Oc- tober, 1864 ; James A. Shultz from August, 1859, to Miiy, 1867; T. F. Hoffmeier from July, 1868, to February, 1872; I). L. Steckel from July, 1872, to October, 1873; Rev. W. PERRY COUNTY. 1159 H. Herbert from May, 1874, to May, 1880; Eev. H. T. Spangler from October, 1880, "to April, 1884; Rev!" M. H. Groh from April, 1 884 to the present time. Mount Zion Lutherax Church. — The corner-stone of this church building was laid on 19th September, 1857, and the church was con- secrated on the 30th of ^Slay, 1858, Rev. Philip AVillard, pastor, and Rev. Joshua Evans offici- ating at these services. Mr. Stephen Losh was the contractor. The entire cost of the church ■was over two thousand three hundred dollars. The following is a list of the pastors at St. Peter's and Mount Zion Churches : John F. Osterloh, from 1809 to 1816; John W. Heim from 1809 to December, 1849 ; Frederick Ruth- rauff from October, 1850, to November, 1852 ; Reuben AVeiser from April, 1853, to September, 1855 ; Philij) Willard from May, 1856, to November, 1858; G. M. Settlemoycr from April, 1859, to April, 1861 ; Peter Sahm from September, 1861, to February, 1869; Dan- iel Sell from November, 1869, to December, 1871 ; John B. Stroup from January, 1873, to December, 1874 ; Isaiah B. Crist from 1875 to October, 1877 ; J)hn F. Dietrich from October, 1877, to March, 1880; F. Aurand from May, 1880, to September, 1883; W. D. E. Scott, from December, 1883. LuDOLPH Church in Little Germany. —As early as 1837 Rev. Jacob Scholl, of the Re- formed, and Rev. John W. Heim, of the Luthe- ran denomination, preached in Carl's school- house, near Eliiottsburg. The church building was conseccrated in November, 1842, by Rev. Leinbach and Rev. Heim. This church was built on the tract of Ludolph Sparks, and in his honor was called the "Ludolph Church." It is still standing. Services were held in this building by botii congregations until 1869, when the Lutheran congregation built a church in Eliiottsburg. The Reformed congregation wor- shipped in it until 1872, the year of the erection of their church edifice in Elliottsl)urg. St. John's Reformed Church at Elliottsburg. — In 1872 three-quarters of an acre was bought fron] .Jacob Dum, now used as a burial-ground. Another lot was bought from "William Sheibley, on which the church was built. The corner-stone was laid Mav 19, 1872. Rev. Dr. T. G. Apple, of Lancaster, and Rev. J. C. Crawford, of the New Bloomfield charge, officiated. On the 13th of October, 1872, the church Mas dedicated. Rev. Dr. E. V. Gerhardt, the pastor. Rev. Henry Mosser and neighboring ministers assisting io the ser- vices.' John Bonsam, of Ickesburg, was the con- tractor, receiving two thousand nine hundred and fifty dollars for his work. Evangelical Lutheran Church. — Like the St. John's Reformed Church, this congrega- tion springs from the old Ludolph Church in Little Germany. The Ludolph Evangelical Lutheran congre- gation was incorporated and a charter obtained in 1867. The contract for a church in Eliiotts- burg was awarded to A. W. Kistler for three thousand three hundred and fifty dollars, in 1868. On the 21st of June following, the cor- ner-stone was laid. Rev. Peter Austadt and Rev. P. Sahm, the pastor, officiated on the occasion. The building was dedicated February, 14, 1869, by Revs. P. Willard and L. K. Secrist.- Bethel Churches. — The Bethel, or Church of God, was organized at Oak Grove Furuace, by Archibald Young, in 1833. The church in Little Germany was organized some- what later. Until 1858 the congregations wor- shipped in the school-houses, but in that year a stone church was built by Stephen Losii, con- tractor, about half a mile north of the present hamlet of Lebo. In this edifice the members in that section of the township have since held their services. The ministers since 1851 have been Elders W. G. Coulter and William Clay, 1851 to 1855, and from that time the following have served as pastors : Samuel Crawford, from 1855 to 1856; ^\'illiam Johnston, from 1856 to 1857; Simon Fleegal, irom 1S57 to 1859; J. C. Seabrooks, from 1859 to 1861 ; B. F. Beck, from 1861 to 1863 ; J. F. Weishample, from 1863 to 1864; A. J. Fenton and Sol. Bigham, from 1864 to 1866; D. Rockafellow, from 1866 to 1867; H. E. Reeves and S. S. Richmond, from 1867 to 1869; S. S. Richmond and J. M. Speece, fi-om 1869 to 1870; G. W. Seilhamcr, from 1870 to 1874; W. L. Jones, from 1874 to 1875; W. P. Winbigler, from 1875 to 1877; F. L. Nicodemus, ' For pastors of congregation, see St. Peter's. 2 For pastors, see Mount Ziou Evangelical Lutheran Church. 1160 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. from 1877 to 1879; J. A. McDannald and W. Sanborn, from 1879 to 1880; J. F. Meixel, from 1880 to 1883 ; J. F. F. Fleegal, from 1883 to 1885 ; W. J. Grissinger, 1885. A congregation of the Evangelical Associa- tion was organized at Elliottsbiirg and a ciiurch built in 1859. Its present pastor is Rev. Geo. M. Josephs. Schools.— As early as 1780 a school-house was built on land of Henry Ludoiph Spark, and was taught by him. After Mr. Spark's de- cease Israel Carl succeeded for twenty years. Jacob Stambaugh, August 8, 1814, was ap- pointed trustee of the Spark property, in be- half of the subscribers, for a school-house in Jjittle Germany. Tiie original school-house was a log building, including the dwelling-house of the teacher, and stood on the opposite side of the road from the present school building. In 1851 another was built for school purposes, and William Grier, Esq., of New Bloomfield, was schoolmaster for two years. The present brick house was built in 1881, and is called Germany, No. 2. A log school-house was built in Pisgah Val- ley in 1798. In 1859 a brick house was built near it, known as Pisgah School-House, No. 8. By St. Peter's School-House No. 6, as early as 1 800, a log schdol-house was built. The Reformed and Lutheran congregations held services in this school-house until 1817. In 1849 the old house was replaced by a new one. West's School-House was situated one half mile west of Gibson's Rock, and Judge Banister Gibson first went to school in the building, which stood until about 1830, when it was replaced by another. In 1853 the present school-house, called Union, No. 5, was built. Wilson's School-House, was built on the east end of the George Stroop tract. In 1828 this school-house, which was then old, was attended by Judge B. F. Junkin, of New Bloomfield, the school building at that time being on his father's farm. The teachers about the same time were James B. Cooper, William Power and John Ferguson. The last school was hold in the old school- house in 1835, where Henry Thatcher was teacher. The present school-house is known as Spring-dale, No. 4. The first school-house in Lebo was built by McClure & Hays about 1830. In 1854 a brick school-house was built. The present brick building was built in 1882. John Ryuer and Samuel P. Cree were early teachers. lu 1838 a house was built on land given by the Misses Foster. Sanuiel Mateer, Henry Rice, Judge John Bear, James L. Diven, Wil- liam Seager, Judge William Grier, Robert Morrow, Benjamin AVilson and Samuel Richey were teachers here. In 1873 a brick building was erected, now known as Milltowu, No. 3. Previous to the above-mentioned schools, scholars were taught in a building belonging to the late Daniel McAfee, now owned by the heirs of Wilson McAfee. The late Hugh K. Wilson wa.s the last teacher there. On May 28, 1845, William Sheibley, of Elliottsbiirg, sold land on which a stone school- house was built, and school held in it until ] 867. Among the teachers were Daniel Motzer, Judge Martin Motzer, George Bernheisel, Henry Rice and Judge Grier. In 1807 a brick school-house was built on the land of Thomas Gray, and was damaged bv a storm in 187(), when the ])reseut building was erected. Kansas School, No. 9, built in 1857, is the first one erected in that part of the township. (Quaker Point school- house. No. 10, is situated in the southeastern part of the township. Adams Glen school- house was built in 1879. The length of school term in Spring township is five months, and in 1884 there were four hundred and thirty-nine pupils in attendance. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. GEOKGE A. W.\GXER. George A. Wagner is the great-grandson of Jacob Wagner, born in 1733, who emigrated from Switzerland with his parents in 1740, when but seven years of age. The latter hav- ing died on the passage, the lad was left an or- phan on landing in Philadelphia, and was bound i PEKRY COUNTY. • 1161 out to a farmer, with M'hom he remained until nineteen years of age, Avhen he removed to Bucks County, Pa., and learned the trade of a blacksmith. There he met and married Miss Catherine Bower, which event resulted in his settlement in that county. The children of this marriage were Jacob, John, George, Philip, Abram and three daughters, — Catherine, Mary and Rebecca. Mr. Wagner subsequently, with his family, re- are Samuel, George (deceased), Nancy (Mrs. Ja- cob Yohn, deceased), Elizabeth, Sarah (Mrs. John Sloop, deceased), Sophia (Mrs. John Swarner), John, David, Frances (Mrs. John Hager, de- ceased), Julia (Mrs. John Stewart), Mary (Mrs. Thomas Stewart) and Susan. Samuel was born on the 9th of March, 1804, in Tyrone township, Cumberland (now Perry) County, in the immediate vicinity of which his whole life has been passed in farming pursuits. moved to Cumberland County, where he fol- lowed his trade, in connection with farming, continuously for a period of forty-five years. The death of Jacob Wagner occurred iu 1808, aged seventy-five years, and that of his wife, Catherine, iu 1809. Both are buried at Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa. Their son George was born in 1774, in Bucks County, and, on making Cumberland County his residence, engaged in farming pursuits. He married Catherine Heckerdorn, whose children He was, in 1830, married to Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Andrew Tresler, of Loysville, Perry County. Their children. are Mary C. (Mrs. John Hager), born in 1831 ; Sarah Ann (Mrs. Jeremiah Sunday), born in 1832, wlio died in 1877 ; Leah, born in 1834, who died in in- fancy ; Eliza Jane (Mrs. L. B. Kerr), born in 1836 ; Rebecca (Mrs. Daniel W. Billman), born in 1838 ; George Andrew, born October (5, 1840 ; David, born in 1842, who was woimded at Fredericksburg: and died at Point 1162 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Lookout, Md., December 25, 1862 ; Susan S., born in 1844 ; Samuel, born in 184(5, a clergy- man of the Reformed Church, settled in Arm- strong County, Pa.; Jemima, born in 1848; and Alice T. (Mrs. Charles S. Losh), born in 1851. The birth of George Andrew, the sultject of this biographical sketch, occurred in Spring township. Perry County, which has been the scene of his active career. After the usual period of youth spent at the common schools, he became a pupil of the Mount Derapsey Acad- emy, at Laudisburg, and at the age of nineteen began teaching, which pursuit was continued for eisrht terms, with intervals of labor on tiie farm during the summer months. In 1867 lie rented a farm and continued to cultivate it, as a renter, for seven years, when a portion of the land was purchased. In 1873 he embarked in the nursery business, and has since been very successful in the raising of choice fruit and the propagating of fruit-trees and shrubs. He makes a specialty of apples, peaches and grapes, raises his own standard pear-trees and tinds a ready market in the county for the j)roducts of his nursery. Mr. AVagner is a Democrat in his political associations, and, though not an office- seeker, has served as school director and asses- sor of his township. His father has served as elder and deacon, and he as deacon of the Re- formed Church of Spring township, of which organization he is now the secretary. Mr. Wagner was, on the 29th of December, 1863, married to Miss Mary E., datigliter of John R. Sheibley, of the same townshij). Their children are Silas Edwin, born in 1864 ; Albert Clement, born in 1866, who died at the age of eleven years ; Clara Lucretia (Mrs. D. M. Thornton), born in 1867 ; John Nevin, born in 1869; Mary Bernice, born in 1871, who died in infancy; Cora Eveline, born in 1872; Sarah Ann, born in 1875, who died at the age of two years; Samuel Calvin, born in 1877; Lizzie Alice, born in 1880; David Treslei', born in 1882 ; and Mabel Sylvia, born in 1884. CHAPTER XXX IIOWE TOWNSHIP. Howe townshii* is bounded on the north by Greenwood, on the east by BuflPalo, on the south by Watts and the Juniata River, with Miller and Oliver, from the middle of the river, on the west. It is one of the small townships of the county, containing less than ten square miles of surface. , Tlie township now Howe was originally part of Greenwood, later Buifalo, and upon the erec- tion of Oliver township, in 1836, became a part of it. Petitions were circulated in 1860, whicli wero presented to Perry County C!ourt, asking for the territory of Oliver lying east of the Ju- niata River to be erected into a new township, and at the April term, 1861, the f illowing de- cree was ordered : " No. 26, Decree of Court, in the matter of dividing Oliver township, .and now, (ith of Ajjril, 1801, the court order and decree that the township of Oliver be divided into two parts agreeably to the report of the viewers. That part west of the river to retain the name of Oliver and the part east of the river to be called Howe township. By the Court.'' Original Laxd-Owners. — The first men- tion of Greenwood towu.sliip is in a warrant dated June 2, 1762, for two hundred acres of land to Robert Brison. This tract was sur- veyed in 1766 on Juniata River nearly opposite Newport, and in 1857 was owned by Christian and Abram Ilorting. Next below, William McElroy took up a tract of two hundred and seventy-seven aci'es, for which warrant issued June 3, 1762, and tiie survey was made April 28, 1765; this is now the tract owned by the heirs of John Hojiple and Jolin Freeland. Tliomas Elliott's tlirce hundred and six acre tract, for whicli the order was issued on tlie 20tii of June, 17()8, joined McElroy's below, along the river, and behiw tliis William Howe, after whom tlie townsliiii is iiaincd, had tlirec hun- dred acres, whicli was warranted June 1, 181.'!, and patented January 29, 1839. On this tract John Sweezy made an improvement in 17itl. Below this, along the river, Frederick Stonertook up a narrow strip nearly two miles in length, for PERRY COUNTY. 1163 which a warrant was issued to him on the 30th of April, 1800. This was owned later by John Patterson, who kept a hotel, where at one time had been the Fahter's Falls post-office. This tract is now owned by Henry Craft and Lewis Stechley, the latter living in a new house he erected on the site of the old tavern. In the rear of this tract Samuel Martin took up three hundred and forty-one acres on order of No- vember 18, 1768. Back of this tract were John Whitemore's three hundred and fifty-five acres, and Abram AYhitemore's three hundred and nineteen acres, for which warrant issued Sep- tember 12, 1774, and back of these were the mountain lands on Berry and Buffalo Moun- tains, for which warrants were issued in 179-1 to Awl, Welch, Wert, Dawson, Ritter, Gibson, Smith and Clay. These lands extended from river to river. On the north line of the township on Juniata River, .Jacob Awl'Hnd John Welch had a warrant issued to them, on the 3d of February, 1794, for four hundred acres. The survey of this tract was made on the 28th of March of the same year. This tract extended to the Jones tract in Greenwood township, and part of it is owned by Alfred Wright. Adjoining this tract, and below on the Juniata River was a tract, of three hundred and twenty- one acres, for which the order was issued, an the 16th of .January, 1767, and the survey made on the 7th of April of the same year to John Sturgeon. This tract was No. 2444. Below this and joining Robert Brison's land afore- mentioned was one hundred and twenty-four acres, for which an order was issued February 23, 1767, and a survey was made August 4, 1768, for Andrew Lee. Turnpike. — The turnpike following very nearly the bridle-path from " James Gallagher's on the Juniata River, thence to William Pat- tersons', Esq., and from thence to James Ras- kin's ferry, confirmed in 1771," was constructed in 1822, and abandoned by the company in 1857. On this road through the township were the " Fahter's Falls Tavern," where Lewis Stechley lives ; " I^etterman's Ferry Tavern," where William Wright, Jr., lives. The " Red Hill Tavern," a famous old Conestoga wagon stopping-place, was kept in the old house which stood on the site of the one Alfred Wright now lives in. The toll-gate was below Fettermau's, at what is now Potter Miller's place. Schools. — At a meeting of Oliver township school board on the 7th of Septembei-, 1839, it was agreed " that there shall be six schools in the district, provided a school-room can be got at A. Ziegler's, to commence about the 1st of De- cember and to continue three months, and that the salaries shall be eighteen dollars per mouth for each, except at Newport, which shall be twenty-two dollars." The whole board met on December 21, 1839, and agreed that the district be divided into seven sub-districts, bounded and limited as follows : " That part of the district formerly belonging to Buffalo township to be divided into two sub-districts by a line miming from Beelen's ferry (below Fettermau's ferry) to Buffalo Mountain, leaving Jacob Harman to the lower or eastern sub-district." In the lower sub-district there was no school this year '' on account of raising a house, which absorbed all their funds." On the 5th of May, 1840, the school directors met, and voted by ballot for and against schools. It was decided in favor of schools by three votes. The amount of school tax, which was two-thirds of the county tax, for this year was three hundred and twenty- eight dollars and ten cents, of which there was nine dollars and ninety-five cents deficiency, and the collector, Jacob Smith's, commission was fifteen dollars and ninety-one cents, which de- ducted from the total amount, left three hun- dred and two dollars and twenty-four cents to be applied to the schools. The officers of the board for this year were William Howe, pres- ident ; Abi-aham Ziegler, secretary ; and William Kunibler, treasurer. The .school tax in 1841 was one-half of the county tax, two hundred and forty-four dollars and eighty-seven cents, and the State appropriation of one hundred and .seventy- eight dollars, making a total of four hundred and twenty-two dollars and eighty-seven cents. In 1842 the school tax was two hundred and thirty-eight dollars and thirty-four cents and the State appropriation for the .same year one hundred and eighty-three dollars, making a total of four hundred and twentv-oue dollars 1164 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and thirty-four cents. In this year George Taylor taught in Kumbler's school-house three months, at sixteen dollars per month, and John C. Lindsay, afterward elected, in 1863, a pro- thonotary of the county, taught a three months' term in Howe's school-house. On May 2, 1843, the board held an election and voted the school system down by four votes. On March 15, 1844, a general election was held for the purpose of accepting the common-school system ; the result was as follows : For schools, sixty-three votes ; against schools, seven votes. The board organized on the 13th of April of this year by electing John Allison, president ; Henry Troup, secretary ; William Kumbler, treasurer ; William Howe, collector. A tax of one and a half mills was levied, which amounted to $234.09. The teacher's wages were fixed at sixteen dollars per month, and the following teachers were selected for the three months' term in the districts ; John Wright, for Howe's school-house; Solomon Binffham for Kumbler's school-house. In 1846 the board met on the 9th of June, and "agreed to divide that part of Oliver township on the east side of the Juniata River into three schools, and appointed Robert Mitchell, Jacob Loy and George Kimes a committee to view and fix upon the sites for said school-houses and report their proceedings to a meeting of the directors at Newport on Saturday, the 18th inst., at nine o'clock." At this meeting it was moved and carried "that each district lay out of school one year, or until the houses were completed." At the August meeting of this year the log frame school-house built on the lands of John Patter- son was let to Philip Peter for one hundred and eight dollars. At the October meeting it was decided that two school-houses shall be built, one on lands of Jesse Oren and the other on land of Abraham Howe, and that both shall be frame houses. The wages for the year 1846 were sixteen dollars per month. In 1851 the monthly wages were sixteen dollars and the term four mouths. In 1884 there were three schools ; salary, |25.60 per month. Churches. — The Bethel Church, with small inclosed grave-yard adjoining, is situated one and a quarter miles from Newport, on the Mil- lerstown road. It was built in 1856, and is a frame building, size about twenty-four by twen- ty-six feet. In it a band of devout woi'shippers, who style themselves the "Church of God," assemble. Miller's Pottery, about twenty rods below the Fetterman's Ferry Tavern, was built b)' Jacob Miller, and oifered at public sale on the 3d of June, 1857, with the following descrip- tion : " A two-story potter-shop, with an excellent kiln and kiln-house, situated one and one-half miles from Newport." CHAPTER XXXI. WATTS TOWNSHIP." This township occupies the point of land be- tween the rivers Juniata and Susquehanna, from Half Falls Mountain and Duncan's and Haldemaii's Islands. Its northern line is mountainous, but southward it slopes gently towards the point, wliere it is but little raised above the level of the river. The Pennsylvania Canal runs along the river-side for about seven miles, and crosses into Haldeman's Island at the southern point, the old channel between them being filled for that purpose at the west end. A third island for- merly existed, but, since the construction of the canal, the intervening channel has silted up, so that it is now six feet above the usual level of the river. Consequently this (Hulings' Island) ' is permanently united physically to Perry County, though by the •original deeds, and still legally, it is a part of Dauphin County.^ First Settlers and Locations. — First on the south line, and back from the river, was John Eshelman, to whom a warrant was issued, ]\Iarch 21, 1792, for one hundred and __ sixty acres. ^ Near the river was John Fintou's sixty-six acres, for which a warrant was issued in De- y cember, 1839. This tract, although well tim- ' By Silas Wright. ' Claypole. PERRY COUNTY. 1165 I bered, lay vacant a long time. Below, along the river, was Robert Ferguson, who had one hundred and sixty-four acres, for which the warrant was issued June 22, 1774. Below Fer- guson was William Thompson's tract of two hundred and sixteen acres, which was warranted on the 9th of March, 1775, and surveyed on the 2d of July, 1817. The following from the records is of interest concerning Thompson : " Cumberland County ss. " 1 do hereby certify that William Thompson hath voluntarily taken and subscribed the oath of Alle- giance and fealty as directed by an Act of General As- sembly, passed the 13th day of June, a.d. 1776. Wit- ness my hand and seal, the 10th day of June, 1777. " Church Cox [seal]." Along the river, and reaching back to Half Fall Mountain, are two tracts containing over four hundred acres, for which warrants were issued March 25, 1791, and August 15, 1794. Below these, along the river, Frederick Watts had one hundred and ten acres, which was warranted to him on the 3d of December, 1794. Below this, along the river and of an earlier date, Frederick Watts had one hundred and two acres, for which he received the order October 27, 1766. This tract is now owned by S. W. Norris. Back of this, and not on the river, Benjamin Walker had two hun- dred and one acres, for which the order was issued January 29, 1767, and the survey was made July 5th of the same year. This tract is now owned by Levi Seiders, Robert F. Thomp- son and others. On the southeast of this tract Marcus Hulings had one hundred and ninety- nine acres, order of 25th of November, 1766. This tract is now owned by Kirk Jacobs and Leedy's heirs. Mai-cus Hulings had another tract of two hundred acres, which was located at the junc- tion of the Juniata and Susquehanna Rivers, which was warranted on the 4th of August, 1766, and surveyed July, 1767. This tract is now the property of Dr. George N. Renter. Above Hulings, and extending over two miles along the river, and near to New Buffalo, Samuel Neaves held two tracts containing five hundred and twelve acres, in pursuance of war- rants issued March 5th and June 20th, 1755. Survey was made 29th of August, 1761. Francis Ellis was next above Xeaves on the river. For the Ellis tract the order was issued September 12, 1767. Jacob Steele took this tract in right of Ellis. Next above, and along the river, was the site of New Buffalo. This tract. No. 4561, of one hundred and eighty-three acres, was taken on order of November 11, 1767, and survey of May 18, 1768, by Christopher Mann. Above Mann's tract is Andrew Long's one hundred and ten acres, which was warranted July 5. 1762, and surveyed May 8, 1766, and above this tract Stophel Munce held one hundred and twenty-four acres on warrant of May 6, 1763, and survey of May 8, 1766. Stophel Munce was the first collector of Greenwood township in 1768. In 1767 this tract was assessed in Fermanagh township, which then embraced all of the territory between the rivers in what is now Perry County. This contradicts the long- entertained opinion that Greenwood township was originally formed out of Rye township, in Cumberland County. Above Munce's tract of land George Etzmiller held one hundred and sixty-two acres by order of November 7, 1767, and had survey made May 8, 1768. John Miller had one hundred and thirty-one acres back from the river, and back ofEtzmiller, Munce, Long and Mann, for which he held a warrant dated December 29, 1773. Everhard Liddick took up tract No. 5004, adjoining church lands, in 1868, and the survey was made in 1800. April 8, 1775, Joseph Nagle, warranted one hundred and fifty acres, including his improvements, adjoining Dunbar Walker, Abram Jones, Hawkins Boone, Everhard Liddick and .Joseph Thornton, on the head of Greenwood Run, in Greenwood township, in the county of Cumberland. The following from the records is of interest concerning Nagle, — " Affidavit of Mary Barbara Nagle on her oath which she made on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, doth say that her husband, in the year about of our Lord, 1770, told her that he cut logs on the above land and that in the month of March, 1772, this deponent, when with her said husband, and ever since, dwelled and improved on the aforesaid lands. her "Mary Barbara x Nagle. mflrk " Sworn and signed at Philadelphia, before me, "Peter Miller." 1166 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. On the loth of March, 1803, a warrant was issued to Robert Buchanan for seventy-six acres. This land was taken by James Wilson for him. From the foregoing the reader has learned that Marcus Hulings was one of the early settlers of Perry County, and the original owner of the farm now owned by Dr. George N. Renter. The following letter, reproduced by Dr. W. H. Egle, in his sketch of " Marcus Hulings and His Family," will be better understood from the foregoing land locations and names of original owners : " FoET Pitt, May ye 7, 1762. " To William Peters, E^q., Secretary to the Propriattar- ries land office in Philadelphia, etc. " The petition hereof humbly showeth his griev- ance in a piece of uncultivated land, laying in Cum- berland County on the Northeast side of Juneadgy, laying in the verry Forks and point between the two rivers, Susquehannah and the .Juneadgy, a place that I emproved and lived on one year and half on the said place till the enemeyes in the beginning of the last Warrs drove me away from it, and I have had no op- ertuuity yet to take out a Warrant for it ; my next neighbor wass one Joseph Greenwood, who sold his emprovement to Mr. Neaves (Samuel), a merchant in Philadelphia, who took out a warrant for the s'd place, and gave it into the hands of Colonel John Armstrong, who is surveyor for Cumberland County ; and while I wass absent from them parts last summer, Mr. Armstrong runned out that place, joyning me for Mr. Neaves, and as my place lays in the verry point, have encroached too much on nie, and Taken away Part of my Improvements ; the line Desided between me and Joseph Greenwood was up to the first small short brook that empyed into Susquehannah above the point, and if I should have a strait line run'd from the one river to the other with equal front on each River from that brook, I shall not have 300 acres in that surway ; the land above my house upon Juneadgy is much broken and stoney. I have made a rough draft of the place and lines, and if Your Honour will be pleased to see me righted, the petitioner hereof is in Duty bound ever for you to pray ; from verry humble serv't. " Marcus Hulings." Accompanying was the following note of later date to Mr. Peters: " May ye 7th, 1762. "Sir: I have left orders for Mr. Mathias Holston, liveing in Upcr Merion, -of Philadelphia County, to take out two warrants for me, one lor the Point be- tween the two Rivers, and one for the Improvement I have in the place called the Onion bottom, on the south side of Juneadgy, right opposite to the other, where I lived six months before I moved to the other place ; from your humble servant. " Marcus Hulings." Dr. Egle's description of the draft referred to in this letter is as follows : " Three islands are noted. One now known as Duncan's Island is marked ' Island ' and house as ' Widdow Baskin's.' The large island in the Susque- hanna known as Haldeman's Island, containing three houses, the one to the southern point, ' Francis Baskin's,' one-third farther up, on the Susquehanna side, ' George Clark," while about the centre that of ' Francis Ellis." On the north point is the word ' Is- land.' Almost opposite, on the east bank of the Sus- quehanna, is ' James Reed's house,' while between the centre of the island and the western shore is a triangular ' Island,' so marked. On ' the point ' be- tween the ' Susquehanna River ' and the ' Juneadey River,' near the bank of the latter stream, is Hu- ling's house. Some distance from ' the point 'is a straight line running from river to river, on which is written, ' this is the way I want my line ; ' while be- yond, on the west branch of the Susquehanna, nearly opposite ' James Reed's ' house is ' Mr. Neave's ' liouse. A circuitous line denominated ' Mr. Neave's lines,' crosses the straight line referred to, which included ' Part of Huling's Improvement.' On the south side of the Juniata, below the mouth thereof, is ' William Kerl's' house ; opposite the point of Duncan's Island, 'James Baskin's' house, while 'Huling's house,' another improvement, is farther up, in what is named the ' Onion bottom.' Beyond this, on the same side of the Juniata, is a house marked ' Corne- lius Acheson, who has encroached upon Huling's improvement in the Onion bottom — settled there last spring.' Opposite the islands on the east bank of the Susquehanna are ' Peter's Mountain ' and ' Nar- roughs.' " Thomas Hulings, youngest son of Marcus Hulings, who succeeded to the paternal estate, was born March .'5, 1775 ; died March, 1808, in Buffalo township. Perry County. Pei!.soxs of Rknown. — Watson says : " Mar- cus Hulings came from Marcus Hook, on tlie Delaware, and settled at tiie mouth of the Juniata in 1753. The name is spelled IThling, Hewliugs and Hulings, and is Swedish. Three years after locating on the Juniata, in the spring, the Indians reached the Su.squchanna on their mission of exterminating the whites, and Hulings was obliged to leave, which he did by placing his wife and child and a few valuables, hurriedly collected, on a black horse, and with them hastening to the point of the island, ready to I PERRY COUNTY. Ilfi7 cross over whenever he should hear of the near approach of the savages. In his liaste forgetting something, he returned alone to his house where he found an Indian up-stairs ' coolly picking his flint,' from whom to make his escape with- out being shot caused him to so long delay, that his wife thinking him murdered, ' whipped up her horse and swam the Susquehanna ' and reached the opposite shore in safety, despite the high water. " Hulings finding his wife and child and the horse missing when he did return, it was now his turn to be alarmed, but soon a signal from the opposite shore relieved his anxiety, when, procuring a canoe he, too, was soon beyond the reach of pursuit. The fugitives went to Fort Hunter, where Baskins and others of their neighbors took refuge." Marcus Hulings died in September, 1788, and is buried in a grave-yard at Old Dick's Gap Church. Mrs. Hulings, whose maiden name is unknown, was a brave and intrepid woman. She died prior to the Revolution, and is buried in the same grave-yard with her hus- band, but their graves are unmarked. General Frederick \Yatt, of the Revolution, was a land-owner within the present limits of Watts township, prior to the Revolutionary War. His daughter, Elizabeth, was the first wife of Thomas Hulings. Joseph Greenwood was a settler in the township of Fermanagh (later Greenwood, now Watts) before 1762. He is mentioned in Hulings' letter, and is assessed on five hundred acres in 1763, and wiien Greenwood township was erected, in 1767, it was named in his honor. The Name. — The name Watts was given for David Watts, of Carlisle, as suggested by Judge Black, who presided over the court in absence of Judge Frederick Watts, when the town was formed, in 1849. Alexander McAlister, of Powell's Valley, Dauphin County, bought of David W. Hul- ings, April 17, 1S;39, one hundred and six- teen acres, part of warrant of William Stewart and George LennfT, dated November 14, 1772, which came to General Frederick Watts, whose heirs sold it to Thomas Hulings, Esq., Novem- ber 28, 1796, and from him, by will, to David Watts; hence the propriety of naming the town- ship after him. This property adjoined Dr. George N. Renter's farm on the soutii and west. A Ferry. — An act passed March 8, 1799, for a ferry : " Whereas Mathias Flaiiim owns lands on the east side of the Susquehanna, opposite the mouth of Ju- niata, and David Watts on the west side, where the titate road crosses the Susqut4ianna, and that they have established and maintained a ferry at the place for a number of years, — the}' are empowered by law, at this date, to establish and keep same in repair, and build landings, etc." Churches. — In the survey to Everhard Liddick, made in 1800, for tract No. 5004, adjoining "vacant land for chun'ii and school purposes," about three acres c)f land lay vacant for this purpose. There was a school-house on this ground, which is said to have sunk into the ground until the teacher could not stand straight in it. This probably was used for the double piu'pose of church and school. ''No legal right was secured for this land till 1840, when we find the following: 'Warrant to Samuel Albright in trust for the Presbyterian and Lutheran Congregations, dated September 28, 1840.' " On the basis of warrant, some years ago, Mr. Albright made a deed to the congrega- tions therein named. Tradition says that in Half Falls Mountain (tap a small church was erected by the early settlers, some eighty years ago (1780), near a beautiful spring, on land vacant only a few years ago. This church was burnt down about 1800. The foundation stones may still be seen and the spot recognized. There was no grave-yard here. Whei'e the present church is located there is an old and very large grave-yard. The first church on this ground was built from 1804 to 1809. It was a log structure, without galleries, about thirty-six by forty feet, and M'as probably used for school purjwses. The old church was removed in the fall of 1860 and a new one built on the same site by the Lutherans and Presbyterians. Lutheran ministers who preached in the Gap Church : Mathias Giintzel, 1789-96; John Herbst, 1796-1801; Conrad Walter, 1804-9; John William Heim, 1814—30. In 1833 the Liverpool pastorate was formed, 1168 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. aud the successive pastors since have been C. G. Erlenmeyer until 1836 or 1837; Andrew Berg, 1842-43; Levi T. Williams, 1843-45; Lloyd Knight, 1845-49; Jacob Martin, 1850-51; John P. Heister, 1852-53; George Nixdorf, 1854-58; William H. Diven, 1858. Schools. — The first school-house in Watts township was on the "Church Lands." It was a log house without a floor and was rebuilt on the same foundation when it had become so low that the teacher could not stand erect in it. In the early times of building school-houses, trees growing in the morning furnished the logs or clapboards for a school-house before night. The school-houses of Watts are now known as " McAlister's," "Centre" and "Livingston's." They are all frame buildings and M^ere erected at an average cost of three hundred dollars. In the old school-house in Alexander McAlister's meadow Professor S. B. Heiges, now principal of the Cunilierland Valley State Normal School, taught a term during the winter of 1852-53. CHAPTER XXXII. NEW BUFFALO BOROUGH.i The town now known as New Buffalo was laid out by Jacob Baughman, wiio issued a cir- cular, as follows, — " A New Town. — The subscriber bii« hiid out a town callled New Buffalo, consisting of eighty-one lots, at Baughman's Ferry, in Bufi'aloe township Cunibei'land County, at tlie junction of the roads leading from Sunbury and Lewistown. The site is elegant, being situate in a healthy part of the county, and in a neighborhood that, for the rapidity of its improvement for some years past, is not excelled by many in Pennsylvania. And as tlie Boat and Raft channel lies near the west side of the river, this place affords the only safe and convenient landing for many miles above Fahter's Falls. It lies about four- teen miles above Harrisburg, and alibrds many in- ducements for the industrious meclianic and enter- prising dealer. On the south margin of the town is a grist and saw-mill. A lot, No. Gl, the largest in the town, is reserved by the proprietor for the pur- pose of a place of worship and a school-house for the use of the town." ' By Silas Wright. These lots were to be sold by lottery tickets at sixty dollars each, entitling the purchaser to the lot drawn as per number, for which he was to pay twenty dollars down and the balance in five years. " An open space of ground, lying between the east side of Front Street, and within twenty feet of the brink of the river, is allotted by the proprietor as a right in common for the proprietor, his heirs and assigns, and the inhabitants of the town, to pile lum- ber, plaster, &c., on, but not to build on, nor to ob- struct the free passage of the streets and alleys to the river. The proprietor reserves to himself, his heirs and assigns, the exclusive right to the ferry and fish- eries on the river opposite the town." The above was entered on the 4th of April, 1825, by Jacob Baughman, Jr. The town was laid- out before 1820, and called "Baughman's Town" before it was decided to call it New Buffalo. Adam laddick, of Watts township, helped to stake off the town, for which he re- ceived one lot as his wages. In laying out the town, Mrs. McAlister, Baughman's daughter, assisted in carrying the chain. Jacob Baugh- man, Sr., sold lot No. 49 on the 19th of June, 1820, and, at the same time, lot No. 52, fifty by one hundred and fifty feet. This lot ex- tended from Market Street to Blackberry Al- ley in width, and in depth to Locust Street. At the same time he sold to Jacob Baughman, Jr., lot No. 46 on Market Square. On the 14th of June, 1820, Jacob B. Mau» bought lot No. 73 for forty dollars, and Susiui Steele lot. No. 18, on Front Street, for sixty dollars. On the 8th of May, 1823, Jacob Baughman's ex- ecutor advertised in the Perry Forester as follows: "town of new BUFFAbOE. "Agreeably to the last will and testament ol' Jacob Baughman (deceased), late of Butfaloe township, Perry County, will be sold by way of Public vendue, at the house of John Baughman, Inn-keejicr in the town of New Butlaloe, on Mjnday, the 2d day of June next (1823), upwards of sixty lots of ground in said town. This town is laid out on the bank of the Susquehanna River, about five miles above Clark's Ferry, and eight miles below Liverpool on a beauti- ful and i)leasanl situation. There are already a number of buildings erected in the town; from the recent period of its commencement and its rapid growth, it is likely to become a town of considerable note in the county in a very short time." PERRY COUNTY. 1169 In the article of agreement of the heirs of Jacob Baughman (deceased), made March 14, 1822, Henry had first choice of the estate, and raceived seventy one acres of land, with the mansion house, four lots in Xew Buffalo and ' all the ferry and fisherj' rights. .Jacob haw Berlin had been an annoyance to all who had business there. In 1852 the people of New Berlin |)rtitionehysicians ; John and William settled on the homestead at Buffalo Cross-Roads. Robert studied medicine with his father, set- tled at Mifilinburg before 1829, and died there March 14, 1851, aged sixty-two years. He had seven sons, five of whom were pliysicians, as fol- lows : Robert F., who practiced at Spring Mills, Centre County, where he died. He had four sons, two of whom, Frank and Henry, arc physi- UNION COUNTY. 1227 cians, the former at Spring Mills, Centre County, the latter in Clearfield County. The second son of Robert Van Valzah, Jr., was Thomas, who practiced medicine at Boalsburg, Centre County. Dr. John H. Yax Valzah, also a son of Robert, Jr., was killed by the Indians in Ne- braska in 1870. Dr. Samuel B. Van Valzah, son of Rob- ert, Jr., practiced several years in Lewisburgh and Mifflinljurg, and is now a resident and prac- titioner in Durand, 111. Dr. Shepherd L.Van Valzah, the young- est of the sons who were physicians, is now practicing at Watsontown, Pa. His son. Dr. Grier Van Valzah, is also practicing at Watson- town. Dr. Thomas Van Valzah, the son of Robert Van Valzah, Sr., long a ^practitioner of medicine at Lewisburgh, moved to that borough about 1818, and practiced until 1836. A full account of his career and his sons will be found in the medical chapter of Mifflin County. William Van Valzah, a brother of Drs. Robert and Thomas, who settled on the homestead, had four sons, of whom Robert T. and William became physicians ; the former settled at Ashland, Schuylkill County, where he died. William is now practicing in Phila- delphia. Elizabeth, a daughter of Dr. Robert Van Valzah, Sr., married Peter Wilson, and settled in Spring Mills, Centre County. They had three sons, one of whom, Robert, became a phvsician, and is now settled in Clearfield County, Pa. In 1795 the name of Dr. Roswell Doty ap- pears in the assessment roll of East Buffalo township. He was the son of a physician in Sharon, Conn., and his brother. Dr. Ezra Doty, settled in MitHintown in 1791. He did not remain in East Buffalo but a short time, as he soon located in Lewistown, ^Mifflin County, with his brother, Southard Doty, also a physician. He died in that borough in 1820. Dr. Charles Beyer came to this country as a Hessian soldier when a young man. After the Revolution he remained in this country, as did many others, studied medicine and graduated at a medical college in Philadelphia. In 1793 his name appears on the assessment roll of Union County as residing at Lewisburgh, and as a phy- sician. He was probably the first physician to reside in the town. He continued practice from that time until his death, September 13, 1830. His practice was throughout the Buffalo Valley, and, with Dr. Robt. Van Valzah, he did the pro- fessional work in the early years of the county. He resided for many of the first years of his residence in a building on the north side of Buf- falo Creek, near where the iron bridge crosses ; later he resided near the water-works, and in his latter days built a frame house on Second Street, below the court-house, where he died. Dr. William Joyce was a graduate of a medical college, and came to Lewisburgh about 1820, and began a practice which grew to be extensive. He moved to Indiana, and died April 18, 1851. Dr. Isaac Vorse, a native of the Eastern States, came to Lewisburgh about 1822, practiced medicine, and kept hotel on the corner of Mar- ket and Fourth Streets, on the site of the resi- dence of William Nagel. He died January 17, 1839. Dr. Henry Berkhaits, a German physi- cian, practiced at Lewisburgh from 1824 to 1836, and moved to Dauf)hin County. Dr. Samuel L. Beck was born in Berks County April 6, 1802, came to Lewisburgh when a young man, studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Van Valzah, entered Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, and graduated in 1828. He located for practice soon after in Lewisburgh, and continued until 1846, when he abandoned the active practice of his profession, and began the purchase of unseated lands throughout the county, of which he became the owner of sev- eral thousand acres. He retained his residence in Lewisburgh, and died in March, 1883. Dr. Taylor, a brother-in-law of Dr. AVilliam Joyce, came to Lewisburgh, entered into partnership with Dr. Joyce and continued a few years, when they both went to Indiana. Shortly after Dr. Joyce left Lewisburgh Dr. Samuel Strohecker came to Lewisburgh and practiced about ten years and removed to Centre County, where he died August 26, 1869, aged 1228 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. seventy- five years. He was a native of North- umberland County, opposite Lewistown. Dr. William H. Ludwig was born in White Deer township in 1808, studied medicine, in 1831-32, with Dr. Tlionias Van Valzah, at Lewisburgh, and after a course at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania graduated in the spring of 1833. He began practice in Allen wood, where he remained about three years, and in the tall of 1836 purchased the property, business and good-will of Dr. Thomas Van Valzah, his preceptor, and begau a practice in Lewisburgh which continued until his death, November 28, 1848. Dr. Joseph F. Grier M'as born in Chester County in 1802, and when a young man came to Lewisburgh, and in 1831-32 studied medicine with Dr. Tliomas Van Valzah and soon after en- tered a medical college in Philadelphia, graduated and returned to Chester County, where he prac- ticed a few years and in 1837 moved to Lewis- burgh, opened an office and followed the practice of his profession until his death, February 10, 1858. Dr. G. W. Green, a son of General Abbott Green, of Lewisburg, read medicine with Dr. William Ludwig, entered a medical college, graduated and moved to Ohio, where he prac- ticed his profession a short time and moved to Lewisburgh, where he practiced until his death, January 12, 1848. Dr. William Hayes, a native of Lewis- burg, studied medicine, about 1835, with Dr. Thomas Van Valzah, of Lewisburgh, aud Dr. Seller, of Harrisbuig, and graduated at Jeffer- son Medical College. He settled first at Belle- vue, Ohio, aud about 1842 came to Lewisburgh and remained in practice until the Rebellion broke out, when he joined the army as a sur- geon. At the close of the war he returned to Lewisburgh, where he remained a year or two and moved to the Palisades, on the Hudson, and remained in that place several years and located iu Muncy, where he still resides. Dr. TiiOJiAS Howard Wilson was born in Lewisburgh May 17, 1821. He obtained his education at the academy, and studied medicine with Dr. William H. Ludwig, after which he entered the Medical Department of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, and graduated April 4, 1844. He began practice in his native place in May following, and has continued until the present time Thomas A. H. Thornton was born in Washington, D. C, in January 7, 1817. He was educated in Baltimore, studied medicine in that city with Dr. Baker, and attended a course of lectures in the city ; also entered medical college at Castleton, Va., and gradu- ated in the spring of 1836 ; begau practice in Cunniugham, Luzerne County; continued in that place until 1848, when he located in Lewis- burgh aud continued in practice until his death, September 8, 1867. Dr. Thomas C. Thornton, a son of the above-mentioned, was born in Cunniugham, Luzerne County, March 24, 1839 ; studied medicine with his father and Dr. J. R. Cassel- berry (now of Hazeltou) ; entered the Medical Department of the University of Vermont ; graduated iu June, 1862 ; entered the army as assistaut-surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment; pro- moted to surgeon and assigned to the Sixty- eighth Reariment, and served until the close of the war, after which he settled in Lewisburgh and is still in practice. Dr. William Leiser was born in Kelly township October 25, 1821 ; received his educa- tion at the Mitflinburg Academy and at the Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, Pa. ; stud- ied medicine with Dr. Samuel L. Beck ; at- tended lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated March 7, 1848, beginning his practice in New Columbia, Union County, soon after removing to Lewisburgli, where he began practice and contin- ued until his death occurring, April 12, 1878. In 1870 he engaged in the drug business with Josiah Baker, under the firm-name of J. Baker & Co. In his profession he was able, learned and skillful. His sou, William Leiser, Jr., also a physi- cian, was born in Lewisburgh, Mardi 11, 1854 ; prepared for college in the common schools of Lewisburgh, entered the University of Lewis- burtrli and graduated as a Bachelor of Science, in June. 1872: read medicine with his father UNION COUNTY. 1229 Di*. William Leiser, Sr., attended lectures at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in March, 1875, and began practice at Lcwisburgh with his father and Dr. Aaron W. Eyer (who had been a fel- low-student at the university at Lewisburgh, graduating as Bachelor of Science in the same cla.ss ; also reading medicine with Dr. Leiser, Sr., and graduating M.D. in the same class at the University of Pennsylvania), under the firm- name of Drs. Leiser & Eyer, at liCwisburgh. In September, 1876 he, with Dr. Eyer, went to Scotland, and spent the school year in attend- ance upon a special course of lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Ed- inburgh, returning home, after a trip through Scotland, England, Ireland, Germany and France, the following summer, and resuming practice with his father and Dr. Eyer at Lewis- burgh. In the fall of 1878 Dr. Eyer removed to Leadville, Col., where he has been in success- ful practice ever since, leaving Dr. Leiser at Lewisburgh, where he has since continued in the enjoyment of a very substantial practice In the spring of 1885 he attended a course of instruction and clinics upon the eye, since which time he has devoted considerable attention to practice of that kind, in connection with his general practice, and with uniform success. Dr. Nathaniel C. Purdy, a graduate of a medical college of Philadelphia, came to Lewis- burgh about 1855, and in 1865 moved to Mon- tandon, where he lived until 1885, when he moved to Grover, Bradford County, where he now resides. Dr. J. C. McNeil studied medicine with Dr. Thomas A. H. Thornton, graduated at medical college, and practiced in Lewisburgh from 1857 to 1864, and died in August of the latter year. Dr. Theodore S. Crist, a native of I^ewis- burgh, studied medicine with Dr. T. H. Wilson in 1857, and graduated at the Medical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1859. He practiced in Lewisburgh two or three years, served during the Rebellion as an army surgeon, after which he settled in Chester, Delaware County, where he practiced until 1875, when he moved to Centre County, Pa., and is now farming. Dr. Asa P. Meylert, about 1855, came from Scranton to Lewisburgh, and was for a year or two in practice with Dr. William Hayes, and later alone for several years. He removed to St. Lonis, and afterwards to New York, where he now resides. Dr. Samuel Blair was born in Florida in 1828. When ten years of age was brought to Wyoming Valley ; about 1852 taught school and studied medicine with Dr. Charles Brundage, of Conj'ugham, Luzerne County ; graduated at Carleton College, Vermont, in June, 1856 ; practiced a short time in Conyngham and entered the regular army as a surgeon, remained a year and returned to Conyngham, where he jiracticed a year and moved to Hartleton, and, in 1862 located in Lewisburgh, where he remained until about January, 1882, when, by reason of ill liealth, he retired from practice, and died March 26, 1883. Dr. Thomas McLafghlix was born in Northumberland County ; studied medicine with Dr. T. H. Wilson, of Lewisburgh, in 1866 ; attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital, New York, and graduated in March, 1869. He began practice in New York City, and died there November 24, 1873, in his twenty-ninth year. Dr. Francis C. Harrison is a native of Ireland ; emigrated to Vermont about 1831 ; studied medicine with an uncle, and with the faculty of the Castleton JNIedical College, Vermont, from which institution he graduated in September, 1845. He jiracticed a short time in Castleton and moved to Columbia County, Pa., where he preached from 1846 to 1867, when he moved to Lewisburgh, which place has since been his residence. He also attended lectures at Crosby Street Medical College, New York, and at Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia, from which latter institution he received an honorary degree ]\Iarch 6, 1867. He practically abandoned the profession afl«r moving to Lewisburgli. He was elected presi- dent of the Lewisburgh National Bank in May, 1868, and is still president. George G. Groff, M.A., M.D., born in 1230 JUxNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Chester County, Pa., April 5, 1851 ; prepared for college at Treemount Seminary, Norristowu, Pa.; studied the arts and sciences for two years at Michigan University ; graduated M.D. at Long Island College Hosi>ital, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1877 ; settled in Lewisburgh, 1879, as professor of natural history, in the University at Lewisburg. Dr. Groff is an active member of the Chester County Medical Society, of the Medical Society of Pennsylvania and of the Lewisburgh Scientific Society. For a number of years he was assistant editor of The Physieian and Surgeon and for one year conducted Science and Health, a sanitary journal. He is the author of What to do First in Accidents, numerous sanitary charts, and is a reg- ular contributor to several medical journals. He has been much interested in sanitary and hy- gienic reforms, and frequently lectures on these subjects. Dr. Grofif is at present (1885) medi- cal and sanitary inspector for Central Pennsyl- vania, under the State Board of Health. He has been a visitor for the State Board for Public Charities for several years, and is assistant sur- geon in the Twelfth Regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania. He was once elected coroner for Union County, but did not serve. Dr. p. F. Hyatt is a native of Otsego, N. Y.; studied medicine with Dr. Ezra P. Allen (a prominent physieian in that State) and grad- uated at Georgetown Medical College, Wash- ington, D. C, in 1861, and later at Jefferson Medical College. He entered the army as surgeon, in Washington ; practiced medicine af- terwards in Bordentown and Philadelphia, and in the spring of 1885 moved to Lewisburgh, where he now is in practice. Dr. Aaron W. Eyer was born in LTnion township; studied medicine with Dr. William Leiser ; graduated in INLarch, 1875, at the Medical Department of the University of Penn- sylvania, after which he was associated with Dr. William H. Leiser in j)ractice at Lewisburgh, for three years, and moved to Leadville, where lie now resides. Dr. Martin L. Focht, a son of the Rev. D. S. Focht, long a prominent Lutheran min- ister in Perry County, studied medicine, at- tended lectures and graduated March 8, 1881, at the University of New York. He located in Lewisburgh, where he now is in practice. The first to j^ractice homoeopathy in the county of Union was Ignatius Brugger, who was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, July 31, 1809. He received a university education in his native country, and in 1827 attended lectures at the University of Freiburg, on medicine, surgery and obstetrics. He came to America in 1834 and at once sought out Dr. Detweiler, of Hellertown (now of Easton) and who was a graduate of the same university. With Dr. Detweiler he studied homceopathy and practiced with him several months, and was at Quaker- town, Skippack and Philadelphia for about three years. In January, 1838, be located at New Berlin and practiced with marked success until 1856, when he moved to Lewisburgh and entered into partnership with Dr. J. F. Harvey, who settled in tiiat place a year or two before. This partnership continued about two years, when Dr. Harvey moved away and Dr. Brugger con- tinued in practice until his death, March 3, 1879. Dr. Wilfred Gerhart, a native of Lewis- burgh, was a graduate of Lewisburgh Univer- sity ; studied medicine with Dr. I. Brugger, and graduated at Halinemann Medical College, Phil- adelphia, March 10,1879; located at Lewis- burgh, and is in practice in the town. The first physician in Mifflinburg was Dr. John Larrabee, who was practicing there in 1803. He appears not to have remained long, and M'as succeeded by Dr. Charles Fisher and, in 1814, Dr. John Kennedy and Dr. James Smith also were located in the town. The first re- mained but a few years. Dr. Smith was the son-in-law of Jacob Brobst, and lived on the corner where Jaraes R. Ritter now lives. In 1829 Dr. Robert Van Valzaii, Jr., and Dr. John G. Piper were practicing. Dr. Van Val- zah lived where James Chambers now resides. He died March 14, 1851, aged sixty-two years. Dr. John Piper resided whore ]\L'. J. D. S. Gast now lives, and practiced until his death, October 18,1860. He left no children. He was a broth- er of Dr. Frederick Piper, of Hartleton. Dr. A. J. Crotzer, a native of Centre Coun- ty, came to Mifflinburg in 1839, and was UNION COUNTY. 1231 clerk in a store. In 1847 he entered the office of Dr. John Rothrock as a medical student, after which he attended lectures, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College. Hs returned to MifHinburg and began practice, which he con- tinued until 1861, when he removed to Phila- delpliia, where he lived and practiced until his death, in January, 1881. Dr. George S. Kemble was born in Har- risburg, in 1827, studied medicine with Dr. Rutherford, and graduated at the INIedical De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1851. He first located at jNIifflin- burg, where he practiced three yeare and moved to Philadelphia, remained in that city four years and became prominent as a surgeon and physician. He was a surgeon during the Re- bellion, and in 1867 returned to Mifflinburg, opened an office and drug-store, and continued in business until April, 1875, when he was a])- pointed physician in the Jewish Hospital, of Philadelphia, which office he held for two years, after which he returned to Mifflinburg, and died September 2, 1884. Dr. John Rothrock came to Mifflinburg from Lycoming County about 1845, jiracticed about four years, and moved away. Dr. J. B. HowER was a practicing physician in Lancaster County, and was a member of the Legislature from that county, and, about 1850, came to ^Mifflinburg, practiced several years and moved to Freeburg, Snyder County, and, after a residence of five years, removed to Berrysburg, Dauphin County, where he died in 1880. Dr. David H. Miller was a native of Buf- falo township, and a son of Benjamin Miller. He studied medicine with Dr. A. J. Crotzer, and graduated at in 1850, and located in Mifflinburg, where he practiced until his death in 1880. His daughter is the wife of Dr. Shadel, of Shenandoah. Dr. Charles Brundage, who had practiced medicine in Luzerne County, moved to Mifflin- burg in 1858, and practiced four years, and moved to Buena Vista, Illinois. Dr. David M. Brubaker was born in Lan- caster County, studied medicine and graduated at the Pennsylvania Medical College March 5, 1859. Settled at Mifflinburg, began practice. and also engaged in the drug business, both of which he continues. Dr. Sarah Kleckner is a native of Mif- flinburg. Graduated at the Female Medical College, Philadelphia, March 4, 1861. Prac- ticed at Mifflinburg a few years, and is now lo- cated at Ottowa, Kansas. Dr. B. Thojip.son read medicine with Dr. Ludwig, and, about 1848, began practice at Mifflinburg, where he died. Dr. Johx Reynolds Gast was born in Mifflinburg; graduated at the Jefferson Medi- cal College, ^Nlarch 8, 1862 ; practiced in Davis, Stephenson County, 111., and Centreville, Ohio; entered the army, and was on the medical staff at Camp Chase, Ohio. After the war, he practiced several years in Philadelphia ; from 1872 to a recent date, at Mifflinburg, and has now retired from practice, residing at Mifflin- bura;. Amono- the students of Dr. Gast were Dr. Walter, of New Berlin ; Dr. Shriner, of Fort Scott, Kan. ; Dr. James Young, Wil- liainsport ; Dr. Stroliecker, Beavertown ; Dr. Foster, of Fort Scott, Kan.; Dr. James Stew- art, of Conshohocken, Pa. Dr. James Kleckxer was born in Lewis township; graduated at the University of Penn- sylvania, March 12, 1877; practiced at Har- tleton for a short time, and moved to Mifflin- burg, where he now resides. Dr. Eyer Walter is a native of Lime- stone township; graduated at medical college, Philadelphia, March 13, 1880; practiced a sliort time at INIifflinburg, and removed to Kansas, where he is now in practice. Dr. John Charlton Steans is a native of Buffalo township ; graduated at Jefferson Medical College, March 11, 1876, and located at Mifflinburg, wliere he is still in practice. Dr. Henry W. Rhoads is a native of Pottstown, Berks County. He studied medi- cine and graduated at Washington University, Baltimore, February 4, 1876. He practiced at Hartleton and ^liffliuburg, where he died, in the fall of 1884. Dr. Samuel P. Gl( »\-er is a native of the borough of Hartleton ; graduated at the medi- cal department of the University of Pennsyl- vania, and graduated in May, 1884; practiced 1232 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. a short time in MifBinburg, and is now profes- sor in a medical and literary institution, in Beirut, Syria, under the auspices of the Pres- byterian Church. Dr. Newton, a native of Connecticut, was the first physician in Hartleton, and died there about 1825. He was soon after suc- ceeded by Dr. Ho^vard Alden and Dr. Frederick A. Piper, who were both prac- ticing there in 1829. The former did not re- main long, and the latter died April 22, 1831. He was an elder brother of Dr. John G. Piper, long a practicing physician of Miffliuburg, aud the father of Dr. William A. Piper, a resident of Philadelphia, and founder of Piper City, 111. Dr. John Ray Geddes, a young man of promise, succeeded Dr. Piper and died in 1837. After the death of Dr. Geddes, Dr. Thomas Weirich located in Hartleton, and had an ex- tensive and successful practice until his death in 1843. Immediately after the death of Dr. Weirich several physicians succeeded him, of whom Dr. William F. Seebold was the only one who remained any length of time. He was a native of New Berlin, graduated at Wash- ington University, Baltimore, in March, 1842, and began practice of medicine at Hartleton in the fall of the same year, aud is still in prac- tice in that borough. Dr. Martin L. Mensch is a native of the town, and graduated at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania March 4, 1866, and soon after began practice in Hartleton, and is still there. Of others are Dr. John H. Myers, a graduate of Baltimore Medical Col- lege, April 2, 1883, who is practising in Hartle- ton. Dr. Joseph B. Follmer, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Balti- more, March 4, 1884, is also a practitioner in the town. Dr. William B. Reyner, who died at Cleveland July 22, 1884, aged fifty-nine years, was a native of Buffalo Valley, and a son of John Reyner, who lived in what is now Lewis town- ship. When eighteen yearsof age William moved to Mesopotamia, Trumbull County, Ohio, where be studied medicine and lived until 1854, when lie moved to Cleveland, which, from that time until his death, was his residence. During the war he was chief surgeon of a brigade, and later, health-officer of Cleveland and president of the Microscopical Society. He did valuable work in microscopy and several inventions in that field are now used by the profession. Dr. Benjamin T. Pontius was born in Buffalo township, and graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1850, settled in his native township and practiced until his death in the fall of 1884. The account of Dr. Robert Van Valzah, who lived at Buffalo Cross Roads from 1786 to 1850, is recited earlier in this sketch. Before his death, and about 1842, a Dk. Schuyler began practice at the place, and after two years moved to Hartleton M'here his stay was also short, and then moved to Blooms- burg, where he now is. Dr. Th(3MAS Mec'Kley practiced at the place a few years, and is now at Jersey Shore, Pa. Dr. William Reichart is a native of Millheim, Centre County, and graduated at the Medical College of Pennsylvania March 5, 1852, and practices in Limestone township. Dr. William W. Truckemiller, a native of Delaware township, Northumberland County, graduatetl at the University of Buffalo, N. Y., February 25, 1865, and now pi-actices in Gregg township. Dr. Calvin C. Mohn, a native of Center- ville, Snyder County, graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, in March, 1882, and located at Laurelton, where he is in practice. Dr. — Mohn, a brother of Dr. C. G. Mohn, of Laurelton, graduated at the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons in March, 1885, and lo- cated at Kelly's Cross-Roads, where he is in practice. Dr. Isaac A. Fetterolf was born in Berks County aud graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons February 28, 1877, aud located at Boyerstown, where he still lives. Dr. D. M. Sampsel, native of Snyder County, graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1885 and located in the town of Winfield. The first physician who located at New Ber- UNION COUNTY. 1233 lin appears to have been De. Jacob Stem, who came about the year 1807, and practiced there until his death. James Charlton came to New Berlin about 1811; taught school for a time, studied medicine and entered upon its practice, and made that the business of his after life, and died there in 1831. His wife was a daughter of Samuel Templeton, who resided a short distance east of Xew Berlin, on the road to Dry Valley. Several years prior to the death of Dr. James Charlton Joseph R. Lotz, then a young man and a miller, came to Xew Berlin, and M'orked in Kleckuer's mill. He was born in Reading April 21, 1799, and a few years later, his father, also a miller, moved to Thompson- town, Juniata County. When the young man was engaged in the mill his ambition for a more intellectual sphere prompted him to commence the study of medicine. During Ids student life he performed the duties in the mill during the day, with his text-book in hand, ])rolonging this labor to the small hours of tlie morning, and would walk once a week toSelin's Grove, a distance often miles, to recite to his preceptor. He attended his first course of lectures in 1823 and 1824, at the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated in the class of 1827. He com- menced the practice of medicine in New Berlin, Union County, in 1827, and soon had a lucra- tive practice. His professional life included nearly fifty years, and, historically considered, is the most remarkable half-century of the Christian era. Dr. Lotz loved his calling, and he rose to a position of eminence and influence, not only as a physician but as a surgeon. Twenty students were graduated under his tutelage. In Cooper's " Surgical Dictionary " of 1 844, the name of Dr. Lotz appears among an array of about thirty names of the best surgeons in the United States who have contri- buted to the advancement of surgical science. His entire professional life was spent in one place, — New Berlin. He was the inventor of several surgical instruments. The Medical Faculty, of Union County, at- tended his funeral in a body. After the funeral they returned to the late residence of Dr. Lotz, where Drs. Harrison and Charles Wilson, in behalf of the professional brethren, expressed their sincere feelings of sympathy and regret. Dr. George Lotz, son of the deceased, replied acknowledging the gratitude felt towards the medical men for the regard toward his father. In 1833 Dr. J. R. Lotz married the eldest daua-hter of Judge Stilwell. In 1841 he united with the Presbyterian Church and remained a consistent- member till his death, Januar}- 18, 1875. Three sous and four daughters survive him. Dr. George Lotz, his son, practiced in part- nershij) with his father at New Berlin about seven years. He served in the army as sur- geon of the Ninety-ninth Regiment, Pennsyl- vania A^olunteers, and was a member of the enrollment board. Fourteenth Congressional Dis- trict. He moved to Boston in 1867, engaged in the drug business where he died several years ago, aged forty-tliree years. Rev. a. B. Casper, a Reformed minister, practiced as a homeopathic physician at New Berlin for about eight or ten years when he re- tired from the active ministry. He devoted much of his time to the practice of medicine. He died about the year 1880. Dr. Charles Wilson, of New Berlin, read medicine with Dr. Lotz, and graduated at Jef- fereon Medical College in 1845. He first prac- ticed one year in Tremont, Ohio, in company with Dr. James Wilson, a brother, who is now president of the First National Bank of Tre- mont. He then moved to Selin's Grove, Snyder County, where he practiced five years, when he moved to New Berlin, his native town, where he had an extensive practice till he died, No- vember 9, 1877. His widow and two children survive him. His only son, Dr. Samuel G. Wilson, now practices medicine at Independence, Iowa. Dr. Johx p. Seebdld, a son of Philip Seebold, was for several years in the mercantile business and from 1838 to 1841 was county treasurer. He studied medicine with Dr. Jo- seph R. Lotz and graduated at a medical college in Philadelphia, after which he practiced medi- cine in New Berlin from 185C to 1862, when he moved to Stevenson County, 111. He was a brother of Dr. Seebold who practiced at Laurel- 1234 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ton, and was regarded as a man of excellent medical attainments. Dr. Simon Wesley Burg, born in Lower Windsor township, York County, read medi- cine with Dr. Charles Wilson, in New Berlin, graduated at the Jeiferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 8, 1862, practiced medi- cine in New Berlin, where he died in the year 1885. He was married to a daughter of Abra- ham Schoch, who survives him. Dr. Henry M. Wilson, born at New Berlin, graduated at the Jefferson Medical College March 10, 1877; practiced at New Berlin. He read medicine with Dr. Charles Wilson, now deceased. Dr. J. W. Hoy was also a practitioner at New Berlin for several years, and after 1876 moved to Bloomville, Ohio. Dr. Walters is also practicing in New Berlin. CHAPTER IV. Agricultural Matters — The County Society — Buffalo Valley Farmers' Mutual Fire Association. Union County Agricultural Society.' — The Union County Agricultural Society was or- ganized at the court-house, in New Berlin, November 1.3, 1853. The East Buffido Society, which had been in existence for a year, passed a resolution calling the meeting for such an or- ganization. Martin Dreisbaeh presided at this meeting ; Samuel Weirick, secretary. Jacob Gundy presented a constitution, which, after several amendments, was adopted. He was one of the vice-presidents of the State Agricultural Society, and was elected president ; Samuel Sha- del, of Perry, and qthers, were elected vice- presidents ; P. H. Laird, treasurer ; R. Y. B. Lincoln, assistant secretary ; O. N. Worden, recording secretary; Samuel Weirick, librarian; James P. Ross, Isaac Slenker and Henry W. Snyder, executive committee. At the May term of court, 1857, Jacob Gundy and others presented a ci institution and form of charter, uuder which tliey asked to be incorporated. At the September term, 1857, articles of incorporation were granted. The ' liy Daniel S. Boyer. first fair was held at New Berlin in October, 1854. The articles on exhibition were kept in the commissioners' office, and the cattle in the lot on which the public buildings were erected. There was no track for driving, and the fair was kept open only one day. The second fair M'as held at Lewisburgh, in the college building, in the year 1855. The cattle on exhibition were kept in an inclosure near by. It was kept open three days. The third fair was held at Hartleton, in the year 1856. A temporary shed was erected to exhibit the articles in, and the cattle were kept in an inclosure at another place. The fair was kept up two days. The fourth fair was held at Mifflinburg in the year 1857, where a small shed was erected for the exhibition of articles, and the cattle were in an inclosure near. The fiftli fair was held at Chamberlain's ground, near Lewisburgh, in the fall of 1858. Pens and sheds were erected for hogs and sheep, and cattle were tied to the fence. One of the attractions of this fair was a military drill by the students of the univei'sity. In 1859 the society purchased ten acres of land in East BufRilo, one mile west of Lewis- burgh, on which they erected commodious build- ings, and held the first ttiir on the grounds in the fall of tliat year. The Lewisburgh and Chester County Railroad now occupies alwut one acre of this ground. The society bought eleven acres in addition to the original purchase, which gives them a fair-ground of twenty acres, on which are erected good and commodious buildings, pens and stalls. There is an excel- lent driving-track on the ground. A dwelling- house has also been erected at an expense ot fifteen hundred dollars, in which a tenant lives, whose duty it is to keep the premises in jiroper order and the track in good driving condition. It has held thirty-one fairs since its organiza- tion. At the last fair, lield in October, 1885, the receipts, were about twelve hundred dollars. This society is in a flourishing condition and out of debt. The present officers are Emamiel Pontius, president; J. (iirton, treasurer; George E. Long, Esq., secretiu-y. The cause of agri- cultural education has been promoted through UNION COUNTY. 1235 the agency of this organization. From a very small beginning in the year 1854 it has con- tinued to grow and increase in numbers, useful- ness and efBcieney, until it has become one of the best-mauaged institutions in the State. The following-named persons have been presidents since its organization : Captain Jacob Gundy (nine years), Hon. Eli Slifer, Francis Wilson, James Shriner, James Beale, C. C. Shorkey, A. Frederick, Philip, Frederick and Emanuel Pontius. Jacob Guxby. — Among the representative men of Union County who have made agri- culture a study and a success, wefiud the name of Jacob Gundy, who was born in East BulFalo township. Union County, Pa., on the loth day of December, 1807. His great-grandfather. Christian Van Gundy, resided in Lancaster County, Pa., and was killed by the Indians. Of him or his ancestors but little is known. The name of Van Gundy (changed by Christian, the father of Jacob, to Gundy), and tlie known fact that the family belonged to the sect known as Mennonites, indicate that theycame from Holland. As shown by " Rupp's History," Christian Van Gundy was killed by the Indians and lies buried in Earl township, Lancaster County. He had a son who was also named Christian, and born in Lancaster County. After his mar- riage he came with his family to Union County and located on the West Branch of the Susque- hanna River, about a quarter of a mile below Lewisburgh, where he ran a ferry-boat. This was before the Revolutionary War, and he, as a sergeant of militia, saw service in the Indian troubles of that day. He was at one time sent in charge of a party of men to bring in an old couple who lived in White Deer township of LTnion County. They arrived at the old couple's home in the evening, and that night were attacked by the Indians, who, after an all night's siege were driven off, leaving one chief dead and having others wounded. The brave defenders had two of their number wounded. In tiie morning the party attempted to leave, when they were pursued by a large party of Indians, who succeeded only in killing and scalping the old couple, the rest making their escape and reaching Lewisburgh in safety. The family were twice driven out of the valley by the Indians. Mr. Van Gundy bought three hundred acres of land (pai't of which is now owned by Joseph Shriner), on which he built a dwelling-house and a grist-mill. Over the title to this land he had a famous lawsuit with the heirs of Ludwig Derr, which lasted seveu years, and resulted in Mr. Van Gundy losing his all. After the end of the suit, he, with but eight dollars in money and his rifle, set out on foot for Ohio. He reached Ross County, Ohio, in good condition and located seven miles from Chilli- cothe, where by request of and with the assistance of the people, who had grown weary of going seventy miles to mill, he erected a grist-mill. He then went to Wheeling, now West Virginia, and, by killing and selling deer, made the money with which to buy the nails, glass and iron for his mill, which he transported thereto on pack-horses. He first obtained a lease of six hundred acres of land on which his mill was located, and afterwards obtained a deed of it. Four hundred acres of this he owned and resided upon until his death. He reared a large family,of whom was Christian Van Gundy, who was born in Lancaster, February 3, 1766, and came with his father to Union County while quite a young lad. He learned the mill- ing trade with his father, which he followed man}' years. At one time he managed the grist- mill, saw-mill and hemp-mill of a Mr. Bear, working almost night and day in them. In this way he earned the means with wliich to buy about two hundred acres of land, part of which is now owned by his son Jacob. He also had a lawsuit as to the title of his land, which he brought to a close by buying off the other claimants, and thus obtaining a good title. He cleared up the land and built a house and out- buildino;s, and remained thereon until his death, which occurred October 1, 1836. He married, on the 30th day of June, 1794, Miss Mary ]\Iagdalena Fullmer, who was born in Berks County, Pa., September 16, 1773. She was a lady of fine attainments and highly edu- cated in German. She was a good Biljle scholar and a very fine writer, a specimen of her hand-writing now in possession of her son being equal to copper-plate. She died May 4, 1236 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1827. Her children were Anna, John, George, Adam and .Jacob. The two yonngest are still living. Jacob Gundy was born December 1-5, 1807, and grew up on the home farm in East Buffalo townshij). His father was, during the boyhood days of Jacob, in debt on his farm, and the boys had but limited opportunities for schooling, but were early taught that God's mandate was that man should obtain his living by the sweat of his brow. When twenty-one controversy arose as to whether wheat ever run into chess. He took strong grounds against the idea and backed up his opinion by many written articles, which ajjpeared in the jjapers of that day. These articles gave him prominence among the people as a farmer who was making a study of his calling. We next hear of him as president of a small agricultural society in his native township. When the State Agri- cultural Society was organized he was elected. C3 an years of age he received from his father one hundred and five acres of the homestead and commenced farming on his own account. Mr. Gundy first came into public notice in 183:1 by his strenuous advocacy of temperance, and it was said of him that he raised the first barn ever put up in Union County without the use of liquor, and to-day he can truthfully say that since 1833 he has never used liquors of any kind as a beverage. Some time after this a without iiis knowledge, to represent his Con- gressional district as vice-president of the society, which office he held two terms. He then started the movement which, after many vexatious delays, owing to want of interest in the people, resulted in the organization of the ITnion County Agricultural Society, of which he was chosen first president. He was president several years in succession, and in all thirteen years, and lias been many times vice-president UNION COUNTY. 1237 of the County Society. Mr. Gundy was sent as a delegate to represent his State in a convention held in Washington, D. C, for tlie purpose of or- ganizing a National Agricultural Society. At this convention he became acquainted with Daniel Webster, Stephen A. Douglas and other prominent men. In politics Mr. Gundy was first an Anti-Mason and his first vote was cast in the interests of that party. He then joined the Whig party, and in the formation of the Republican party became, and has always re- mained, a firm supporter of its principles. He has held various township offices and for many years has been school director, and voted for the free-school system when but six men in the township voted for it. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and has many years been either a deacon or an elder in that church. He was the first Sabbath-school superintendent in his township and held the position many years. He is now in the seventy-eighth year of his age, in full possession of his mental faculties, and is passing away in peace and comfort the remain- ing days of a well-spent life. Mr. Gundy was united in marriage with Miss Rachael Zentmeyer, daughter of Jacob and Eve Catharine (Wieland) Zentmeyer. She was born March 27, 1811, and is of German an- cestry, her grandfather, whose name was Jacob, having emigrated from Germany. When she was three years old her father moved into East Buifalo township, and where W^illiam Stryker now resides bought a tarm, which he cleared up and on which he lived many years. In his old age he sold the farm and moved into Lewis- burgh, wliere he died. One of his sons, Enos Zentmeyer, served in the Mexican War and also three years in the Union army in the War of the Rebellion. To INIr. and Mrs. Gundy there have beenborn nine children, viz.: Leah E., September 17, 1831 ; Ann Catharine, October 8, 1833, died in infancy; John C, July 7, 1836, served in Company C, Third Regiment, of ninety days' men ; Rachel J., March 14, 1839; Sarah C, October 27, 1841 ; Franklin J. P., August 8, 1844. He enlisted August 16, 1862, as a private in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers. At the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th day of December, 1862, he was badly wounded. His father succeeded in getting him home and he recovered, and was discharged March 5, 1863. On the 16tli day of August, 1864, he again enlisted, this time as a sergeant in Company I, Two Hundred and Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged August 16, 1865. The next child was William L., born April 6, 1847'; Amanda E., born October 15, 1850 ; Emma D., born July 31, 1854, married to Joseph Kunkle ; to them was born, on the 26th day of July, 1883, a daughter, Rachel M. ExAXUEL PoxTius. — Johu Poutius, the great-grandfather of the above-named gentle- man, came to America from Switzerland in the early part of the seventeenth century, and with his wife, settled in Berks County, Pa. Their son Henry, born 1744, took part in the Revo- lution and attained the rank of lieutenant. He came into the Buffalo Valley at the close of the French War, but did not remove perma- nently until 1770, about which time he took up six hundred acres on Cedar Run, and built the house which is still to be found there, though, of course, largely remodeled. Lieutenant Henry Pontius was a noted Indian fighter and was one of the principal actors in the frequent dramas brought about by the contiguity of Indians and early settlers. He married Catharine Wolfe, and their children's names were Andrew, Fred- erick, Henry, Nicholas, John, Geoi'ge, Peter, Philip, Jonathan, Catharine, Christena and Barbai'a. He died in 1822, his widow follow- ing him in 1829. Philip, the eighth son, born August 15, 1789, was drafted for the War of 1812, but having several brothers in the army, and being needed on the farm, paid the amount required and remained at home. In 1814 he was married to Abigail, daughter of Benjamin and Elinor (Robinson) Thompson, who was born in 1790, and the union resulted as follows : Catharine, Benjamin Thompson, Matilda, Emanuel, Samuel, Eliza Ann, Henry P., Mary A. C, Angeline L. In his younger days Mr. Pontius taught school, and later was for many years a member of the school boai'd, also secre- tary of board of trustees of Mifflinburg Acad- emy, and was i-ecognized generally as a valu- 1238 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. He served the town- , etc., several times, able, public-spirited man ship as supervisor, assessor, and is remembered by all as a iine old gentle- mau. He retained an excellent memory till his latter days, and departed hence in 1872, aged eighty-three years. Emanuel Pontius received his education under the public-school system, and was as a lad thoughtful and studious. Even while fol- lowing the plow he learned from nature, and subject ; applied himself to the improvement of his stock. The crops came largely into his cal- culations, and where one blade of wheat had pre- viously grown he sought to make two appear, and succeeded. A kind, considerate man and a k)ver of, and judge of good stock, his value was recognized by the members of the Union County Agricultural Society by his election to the presidency, which position he ably fills at this time. He acted as assessor of Buffalo town- (^/^■'yiiX/2/i.e'C^ <^^%Hy^i^ books were his favorite companions. As he approached manhood sympathy for his parents held him home when other members of the family had left, and he faithfully performed the part of a good son, upholding them and fully caring for their interests. A war Demo- crat, he desired to participate in the Rebellion, but duty was paramount and he submitted his wishes to their comfort, as owing the givers of his life. As a son he was tender and faithful, and upon the decease of his ])aronts it was said of him, " he was a true and loving child." As a farmer he sought practical knowledge on the ship to the satisfaction of the citizens and was for several years a member of the Board of Educa- tion. In Mr. E. Pontius the cause of education has a fervent friend. A hearty believer in youth, he advocates moral culture and earnestly helps forward the good work. He early united him- self with the Reformed Church and is a con- sistent member of that denomination. In the spring of 1885 he purchased a handsome home in the borough of Mifflinburg, where he at this writing resides. Buffalo Vali,ey Farmers' Mxjtual Fire Association. — This fire insurance or- UNION COUNTY. 1239 ganization was effected underthe act of Assembly, approved May 1, 187(5, on an application for corporate privileges, under articles of associa- tion signed by Jacob Gundy, J. A. Gaudy, Samuel Duukel, W. W. Brown, J. B. Kelly, Andrew Ruhl, J. H. Smith, E. F. Guudy, Elisha Shorkley and Elias Brown, and acknowl- edged before J. C. Gundy, justice of tlie peace, August 20, 1877. After having been approved by the insurance commissioner and theattorney- general on August 31, 1877, J. A. Gundy and J. B. Kelly set about to obtain the two hundred thousand dollars of insurance subscribed or applied for, which was necessary to have before a charter would be granted. In September, 1877, at a meeting of the signers to the articles of association, J. H. Smith was elected presi- dent ; Samuel Dunkel, vice-president ; Andrew Ruhl, treasurer; and J. A. Gundy, secretary. In February, 1878, the president and treasurer, with a majority of the signers to the articles of association, certified to the Governor that they had two hundred and eight thousand dollars of insurance applied for, and on March 1, 1878, Governor Hartranft granted the charter. The first policies were issued March 11, 1878, in- suring property to the amount of two hundred and eight thousand dollars. The first loss oc- curred August 17, 1878, occasioned by the burning of the barn of Michael Wolfe, in East Buffalo township, for which loss the sum of §1488.30 was paid, necessitating an assessment of seven per cent, on the premium notes. The officers for 1886 are Andrew Ruhl, president; D. W. Pellman, vice-president ; J. B. Kelly, treasurer ; J. A. Gundy, secretary ; and Martin Dunkel, E. F. Gundy, W. W. Brown, G. A. Stahl, Daniel Strickler, M. H. Oaks, R. V. Glover, Joseph Sauders, J. W. Heinley and Michael Oldt, directors. On December 31, 1885, the association had $1,205,983 of insurance wholly confined to farm property in Union County, with premium notes amounting to 800,299.15, and cash in trea- sury and agents' hands amounting to §764.45, with salaries aud losses unpaid of §261.25. Total fire losses from date of organizatiou to December 31, 1885, §3242.92. No assessment lias been laid except the one referred to above. The cash premium required is two dollars per thousand dollars of insurance. Policies are issued for five years, with same premium on renewal. CHAPTER V. THE BOROUGH OF LEWISBURGH.i About one hundred and fifty years ago from the date of this writing (1886), when the last ■white settlement in the province of Pennsylva- nia was on the Big Swatara, in Lebanon County, a white man passed up along the east bank of the West Branch of the Susquehanna, was fer- ried across the Chillisquaque Creek by Shewano, an Indian, and was on his way to see the great Indian chief Shikellimy, at his home in the curve of that reach of limestone at Miller's farm, near West Milton. Perchance as he rose on the brow of that great Indian burial-mound that once was above the end of the railroad bridge, looking across, he saw the shores clothed with the forest and the bosom of the river studded with a cluster of islands. The Buffalo Creek opened its mouth opposite the foot of what is now St. John's Street, laving with its pure waters the pebbled beach of a beautiful little island, over which the sycamore spread its giant arms and the maple adorned with its soft, green leaf, about which, softly gliding in his light canoe, the Indian speared the salmon, and upon which, for many years afterward, his white brother drew his seine, to gather from it the pearly and silver-sided shad. An unbroken forest of oak, interspersed with some giant pine, crowded down over the whole space until it came near the mouth of Spring Run (now known as Brown's Run). At the descend- ing bank, where the old mill once stood, the forest ended ; there spread out a broad savannah to the river, whose shore was lined with giant sycamores from the mouth of the run up to where the forest touched the shore. Here, in the embrasure of the run's mouth, sheeted all over with the drooping water birch and willow, adorned with looped tresses of the pine, lay 1 By J. Merrill Linn, Esq. 1240 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. hidden many a canoe ; beneath the broad syca- mores were pitched many a cone-shaped tepee. The tasseled maize waived their long, bright, green spears from the shore to the upland. Here, where the sycamores once stood and where darts, knives, ear-rings and broken pottery have been found, long before the advent of Ludwig Derr or the white flint of the rifle, the Indian had a settled home. His darts were made of the black flint, brought from a long distance, and their sun-burned pottery from the clay of that point there, which has so long resisted thewash of the river. Nearly all the territory of Union Co. was bought by Thomas and Richard Penn, along in the purchase made at Fort Stanwix (Rome, N. Y.), on the 5th of November, 1768. The first surveys made for the pro- prietaries of Pennsylvania were called manors. It was the policy of William Penn, and continued by his sons as long as they were proprietaries of the prov- ince, to reserve out of each purchase from the Indians one-tenth of the lauds, to be selected and laid out before the Land-Office was opened for the granting of applications or warrants to individuals, which was intended as the propei'ty of him and his successors. One of these, a warrant for a thousand acres, dated the 31st day of January, 1769, signed by John Penn and directed to John Lykens, surveyor-general, was for "five hundred acres at the mouth of the creek known by the name of Lycoming, and the other five hundred acres in any part of the purchase lately made at Fort Stanwix, of the Six Nations, which shall not interfere with any previous warrant." Here they ordered William Maclay, dejiiuty surveyor, to mark off for them a tract of three hundred and twenty acres, under a special warrant, dated 31st of January, 1769, surveyed 28th of February, 1769. He commences at a white-oak, at Stroheckcr's Landing; at sixty perches he notices on his field-notes the spring on tlie university grounds, and he makes the line a mile long to the mouth of the Buffalo Creek ; thence he ran up Buffalo Creek to a hickory which stood where the road reaches the creek at the iron bridge ; thence he ran due south two hundred and eight perches to a pine, the stump of which was dug up when the Lewis- burgh and Tyrone Railroad was made, north of Eighth Street school-house (it stood about eight feet inside of the line of the purchase made by Purdy and Shipman of Jacob Derr's heirs) ; thence south fifty degrees east two hundred and ninety j)erches to the river. Some of the trees COURSES & DISTANCES UP THE WEST BRANCH N8W32 N I W30 N8 E42 N3 W42 Nil W4S N3QW 10.7 ZM.lCotlfe ^iaS, TOWN or LEWISBURGH. ^ySQU^EHAmVA RiuER. COURSES & DISTANCES UP BUFFALO CRttKFROM THE TOWN 8.0. N33.W.IB. N.79.W.94. N.68.W.52.ToHi;hery. 162 PS. MAP OF LKWISBTJRGH. upon this last line still stand near the cemetery. The present borough limits contain all this land except down at the southern corner, where what is known as the Spidler place was taken off" by an act of the Legislature. On the 14th of March, 1762, a warrant had been i.ssued to Richard Peters, Esq., for two thousand acres on the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata. On the l.st of January, 1769, he received an order for two thousand acres iu lieu of the above for his service at the treaty of Fort Stanwix,. UNION COUNTY. 1241 to be laid out in the then late purchase of 1768; and pursuant to this order, the proprietary tract of three hundred and twenty acres, called by the name of " Prescott," was patented to him on the 11 til of August, 1772, and on the 17th of November, 1773, Richard Peters makes a deed of conveyance to Ludwig Derr. Ludwig Derr lived in Heidelberg tovvnship, Berks County, the home of Conrad Weiser, the Indian interpreter, in 1756, and this is the first notice of him. He came to Buffalo A^alley early in 1769, to look out locations. Charles Where the upland rose by the run Ludwig Derr built his mill, erecting an immense dam across from near the end of St. Catherine Street over towards Asbury Donachy's house, its head near Samuel Maus', where the race began, and its flood far back over the meadows between Fifth and Sixth Streets from St. Catherine's north, — one can hardly tell how far, but it is now being rapidly built up. The old mill stood close against the eastern side of Smith & Fry's mill ; the race, commencing at Sam. Maus', came across the face of the plateau eastward to LUD\VIG DERR S MILL. Lukens, who made the surveys from the mouth of White Deer Creek along the river in October, 1769, mentions in his field-notes that Lud- wig Derr was with him, and he evidently squatted on " the proprietaries' tract " at the time, for the next year, the 20th of September, 1770, Charles Wilson, who made the survey of the tract next below, Strohecker's, mentions in his field-notes that Ludwig Derr was living on the proprietaries' tract. He was, perhaps, the first settler in Buffalo Valley; certainly the first settler on the site of Lewisburgh. 79 near the front of the mill, turned south and poured its gathered flood into the dips of the great water-wheel. Just here at its head, before it ran under the bridge of the old mill road into the aqueduct of the flood-gate, it rounded into a basin, on whose northern edge stood a great oak-tree, sentinel over Lndwig's trading-post, a stor}--and-a-half house built of heavy oak logs, its roof half-sloped, like a mod- ern mansard, one heavy battened door to the lower story, two-feet-square windows, and a dormer in the half-slope of the roof. 1242 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. He had built there in 1770, and probably went to building his mill at once; although it is not certain which year it was built, it was running in 1772. That year he bought the Joseph Hodnot tract, just west of the other, whose boundary, speaking generally, is along the western side of the " proprietary tract ;" out along the pike as far as Linnville ; up the railroad as far as Ellis Brown's ; then across by the road leading from Linnville to the Buffalo Valley road ; np that road to Shorkley's, and across to the creek; down the creek to the iron bridge. He pur- chased of John Coxe, merchant, Philadelphia, June, 1772, for one hundred and seventy-five pounds. When Ludwig Derr wanted to borrow money of the Loan-Office, in 1774, Robert Fruit and Thomas Hewitt, the county commissioners, valued the tract " on which the said Derr now lives, having a grist and saw-mill, dwelling- house and barn, clear upland and meadow, at 1000 pounds Pennsylvania currency " (about $2,666.60). In 1775 he is assessed with thirty acres of cultivated land, five horses, four cows, two sheep, a grist and saw-mill. In November, 1771, Walter Clark bought eleven hundred and fifty acres, surveyed to Rev. John Ewing, in trust for himself, Robert Fruit, William Gray, Robert Clark and Wil- liam Clark, just above the mouth of Buffalo Creek, which they divided into six parts, each taking a part and selling the remaining sixth to Ludwig Derr, July 31, 1773. In the year 1772 Northumberland County was erected, whose southern boundary was the Mahantango and Juniata, Lake Erie on the west. New York on the north and the head of Le- high on the eiist ; and among the first grand jurors of the first court of the county Ludwig Derr appears. Ijudwig Derr was evidently a courageous, discreet and popular man. His mill and trad- ing-post was known far and near, and was a stopping-jilace for travelers. It was the meet- ing-place of the patriots during the Revolution ; yet his trading- post and mill stood, and he stayed with them, when the torch was put to dwelling, post and mill, by the Indians, from Wyoming to the Mahantango. He signed his own name Ludwig Doer ; his . wife signed her name Catherine Darr ; Richard Miles got his horse shod at " Tarr's Mill " in May, 1773 ; so that must have been the pro- nunciation of his name. . . . . On a hot summer afternoon in Aug- ust, in the year 1776, a ten-year-okl boy, the son of this same Christian Van Gundy, was dabbling his toes in the water from off an old ferry-boat down there at Strohecker's, when he saw the canoes of a party of In- dians dart out from between the islands which clus- tered down below the mouth of the Chillisquaque, glide up along the shore to about opposite where he was ; squaws and luggage were put ashore, and the men paddled across to the mouth of the run, disappearing into its shaded recesses. He asked leave of his father to go up to the trading-post. Ludwig had knocked in the head of a barrel of whiskey and had supplied the Indians with tin-cups. They got on a fearful bender. The aborigines had one advantage over his white com- petitor on a drunk. They had the war-whoop, and the dance, and the scalping horror well cultivated be- fore the introduction of the fire-water. Tlie boy saw the wild frolic of the drunken Indians in its fullest intensity ; they whooped and danced ; seized each other by the hair and imitated the scalping process, tearing off the scalp with their teeth. In the midst of their wild revel a tall, lithe man strode up the bank, from behind the mill, kicked over the barrel, exclaim- ing, "My God, Ludwig, what have you done?" Derr replied, " Dey dells me you gif no dreet down on de fort, so ich dinks ich gif um von hier, als he go home in bease." Captain John Brady had been at Sunbury, at Fort Augusta, that day — in fact had been one of the commissioners to treat with them — but there had been no presents made. Later in the day, after they had gone, he thought of Derr's fire-water rancli, and mounting his mare, rode home. He lived on Mr. .Jon- athan Wolfe's farm, across the river. He saw that they had gotten over there and that the squaws were work- ing the canoes back to that side and were hiding their tomahawks and guns in the thickets of sumac on his own land — a sure sign the Indians were getting drunk. He crossed in a canoe, and he it was who appeared on the scene and ended the frolic. It is said that the In- dians remembered this long years after among their grudges against Brady. Christian A^an Gundy kept a tavern at Stro- hecker's Landing, and his house sttxid on Derr's land, above the white-oak corner. The remains of it were removed by the excavation for the Susijuelianna Railroad. In 1774 he began an ejectment suit against Ludwig for the site of the town. And again in 1781 there were a num- ber of suits about it, which ended in the finan- UNION COUNTY. 1243 cial ruin of Gundy. The old form of ejectment was then used. This suit was entitled in the proceedings of the November term of that year, '' Lessee of Christian Van Gundy vs. Thomas Troublesome, lessee of Ludwig Derr, with no- tice to Christian Hettrick, tenant in posses- sion.'" During these eight long years of the Revolu- tionary War the settlers of this valley were greatly annoyed by the Indians, and many peo- ple had gone away. The news of peace in 1784 brought them back in great numbers. Meanwhile Ludwig had dug his race out from Samuel Mans' corner of Fifth and St. Catherine, along the bank, outside of Fifth Street, following the bank north through his own land and dispensed with his dam. The large embankment of this dam and the deep tail-race were still visible in 1846, and later before any houses were built up west of the old race. Some time after 1804 the right to make a dam was purchased, farther back, on the farm of Hugh Wilson (now Ellis Brown's), and it was described as led from a dam erected and built along a race made through the lands of Hugh Wilson, beginning at a marked black oak near the bank of Spring Run, where the dam is erected to fall into the race mentioned on George Derr's laud, which is described as running from the upper side of his tract, where the new race crosses the line, along the old mill-race, through the lands of George Derr and thence through the lots of the town of Lewisburgh. On the 3d of April, 1797, George Derr, only son of Ludwig and Fanny, his wife, sold the ' Christian Hetrick, a private in Capt. Samuel McGrady's seven-months' men. His party was called out upon the appearance of some Indians upon Buffalo Creek. They did not come up with them, and on Hetrick' s return home, a mile and a half above Van Gundy' s mill, he was shot, Octo- ber 6, 1781. When found he had a bullet wound, and was scalped and tomahawked. His widow, whose name was Agnes, married Ephraim Morrison, in 1787, and these facts are from an affidavit made to get a pension for Hetrick's children. Her children were .\ndrew, born May 1 1775; Catherine, 15th March, 1777; Elizabeth, 15th June, 1779; Polly, 16th October, 1781. He was one of the first resi- dents upon the site of Lewisburgh, and is buried just above Andrew Wolfe's, where the rocks jut out upon the road, in the corner of the woods. tract of two hundred and eight acres outside of the town plot to Tobias Lehman. Tobias Lehman died, and on April 2, 1808, John Hays made a survey by which the prop- erty was divided. He left six children, — Henry ; Barbara, married to George Bailey ; Elizabeth, to John Freed ly ; Margaret Spidler; Catherine, married to Daniel Neyhart ; and iMary, to John Brown. A tract of four acres was cut out for the mill-site and race. John Freedly married the miller's daughter. The next purpart was the one hundred and thirty-two acres be- tween the mill and the race, where it turns west from Fifth Street until it enters the Hodnot tract. This land John Brown became the owner of. Another part, seventeen acres, and still another of fifty-four acres, were bought by Daniel Nyhart. Freedly was a heavy man and subject to vertigo. Stooping down, one summer morning in June, 1815, he fell in and was drowned in the basin before his mill. Henry Smith, a youth of seventeen years, helped pull his body out. In 1809, March 11th, the heirs of Lehman joined in a deed to Freedly for the four acres mentioned above and the mill-race. Freedly died intestate, leaving but one daugh- ter, Elizabeth, who in 1821 conveyed to John Brown the mill-seat, and thus he became the owner, in fee, of all the land through which the race ran. John Brown, Sr., died August 7, 1845, at the age of sixty-two, and a survey was made for the purposes of partition November 18, 1845, and the report of the inquisition making the partition was finished March 17, 1846. Substantially, purpart A was land between St. John's and Market Streets, eight acres sixty perches, which latter was the race ; B was be- tween Market Street and St. Lewis Street, ten acres one hundred perches, fifty of wliich was the race ; C was between St. Lewis Street and the line along Brown Street to river, seventy-four acres fifty-one perches ; and D was the mill- seat with twenty acres. The land beyond St. John Street had been previously sold; John Brown, Jr., took the mill-seat ; A. J. Foresman, married to one of the daughters, took C, which became the property of the University of Lew- isburgh, incorporated by the act of October 5, 1244 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1846; B and A were taken by Joseph Smith, married to another daughter. In order to remove the race from Fifth Street, on October 1,1851, John Brown, Jr., bought from Levi Sterner, and so the race remained until 1882, when it was proposed to build the Shara- okiu, Sunbury and Lewisburgh Railroad. On August 10, 1882, the Borough Council decided that the use of the race as a water-way entailed expense on the tax-payers, and that the public health would be improved by the abandonment of it. Smith & Fry, on April 7, 1883, sold to the borough for thirty-seven hundred dollars their title to the property. The borough then sold, on May 12, 1883, that part between Third Street and St. John's to William Fegley, in trust for the owners of property along it with certain reservations. The old mill, already described, was built about 1771. Joh n Brown, Jr. , owned the prem- ises until it was purchased by John C. Smith and Jonas A. Fry, April 1, 1869, who, in the summer of 1874, built another mill on the premises. The mill was remodeled in 1884, the old machinery taken out and improved on the roller-system plan. Prior to 1874 the mill was run by water-power, but in 1874 a steam- engine was attached, but since the purchase of the race by the borough steam is used exclusively. Smith's addition to the borough was laid out May 1, 1847, and Wolfe's addition was laid out by Jonathan Wolfe on July 10, 1854. The university extension was laid out by the Rev. A. R. Bell, treasurer of the university, James F. Linn being the surveyor. Ludwig Derr laid out a town in 1785. In March, 1785, Samuel Weiser, the son of the white man who loolced over its beauty fift)- years before, laid out a handsome plot. Ho called the streets from the river back Water, Front, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth, and those running from the river westward, begin- ning at the soutii, St. George, St. Catherine, St. Lewis, Market, St. John, St. Mary and St. Anthony. The alleys were named after fruit- bearing trees and bushes. The deed of con- veyance was in consideration of his services. The first lot sold is the one on the corner of St. Lewis and Water Streets, to William Wil- son, on March 26, 1785. On the same day he granted the three lots — the one occupied by J. T. Baker, Esq.— Nos. 42, 44 and 46 to William Gray, Walter Clark and William Wilson, " in trust for the Presbyterian congregation near Lewisburgh, for a Presbyterian meeting-house and burving-ground." The congregation, under an act of Assembly, alleging that many persons were buried on lot No. 48, sold No. 42, and bought No. 48, in the year 1804. The lots were sold slowly ; hence, during the summer of 1785, a lottery was instituted. At least one holds title thereby ; for John Brown paid three pounds Pennsylvania currency, and drew lot No. 21, corner of Fourth and ]\Iarket Streets, where Dr. T. H. Wilson lives. In September, 1785, Ludwig went to Philadelphia to sell lots and afterwards nothing is known of him. He had s(jld some lots, but how many is not ascertained. The average price of these appears to have been about twenty-five pounds. The lots Nos. 50 and 48 he sold in Philadelphia to Proctor, on October 6, 1785, — Wiedensaul's and the parsonage, were sold for $133.33. Fanny, his son George's wife, said that George, becoming uneasy about him, went to look after him. He looked for him in the market and at his boarding-house, never found him — dead. At that time she was not married to him. She was a sister of Christian Yentzer, a merchant, and she came up here in 1786 and married George in two years afterwards. George was an only son, and inherited all from his fatlier. He sold the whole town-plot to Peter Borger, excepting about thirteen lots which his father had sold. He reserved the lots through which the race ran, in the southwest corner of the town. This was on December 28, 1788, and on January 2, 1789, Borger conveyed to Baron Carl Ellin- khusen, of tlie city of Rotterdam, Netherlands, who executed a power of attorney to Borger to sell the same. In June, 1790, Borger made a conveyance of fifty lots to Joseph Mathias Ellin- khusen, the son of Carl, and to Clara, his wife. On September 3, 1790, Carl revoked tlie license to sell given to Borger, and gave one to J. C. Helborn, a Catholic priest. After this event Borger sold one hundred and thirty lots to Richard and James Potter, of Philadelphia. UNION COUNTY. 1245 The titles became very uncertain, and the im- provement of the town was retarded. Suits on the title of Potter's failed by reason of the de- fective execution of the power of attorney from Ellinkhuseu to Borger. There was a test case {Griffith vs. Black, 10 S. . He was adju- tant, in 1776, of a militia regiuKMit on duty at Amboy, N. J., where he heard the thunder of the battle on the 25th, 26th and 27th. His manuscript Journal is yet in the pos- session of his granddaughter, Mary Spyker, at Lewisburgh, together with many valuable pa- pers, a complete file of almanacs from 1756 down. He was paymaster of the militia from October 1, 1777, to July 27, 1785, during which he disbursed £122,847 7s. 6d., and ac- counted satisfactorily for every cent. He was afterwards member of Assembly for Berks, 1788 to 1790. In 1797, when Jonathan was twelve years old, just the age of Ijcwisburgh, he removed to Ijcvvisburgh, where he engaged in store-kee])ing for a few years; was then ap- pointed a justice, which office he exercised until within a few days of his death. He used to tell of two Germans of the valley, who came to his office to make some sale and have a note written, and when through, the party who was to have the note told the other to keep it, and he could then know when it was due and come and ]iay him. On 5th of August, 1795, Henry Spyker com- menced building the first brick house ever erected in Lewisburgh (still standing), on the corner of Front and St. Catherine Streets, and owned by James S. Marsh. John Meffert, of Tulpehocken, was the contractor. Most of the brick were brought from some jtoiiit down the river, and a few were made on Thomas Wilson's place, now a part of (Jeorge Wolfe's, near tlie fair-ground. Al)raham Troxell did the haul- ing. This is the house where the large chimney with its crane was built, so that apple-butter cou'd be boiled there, and the people of the house saved the trouble of carrying it to the giu-ret. Cliristian Reed built a barn for him in 1791, and he charges him with sixteen gallons of whiskey, used at the work during July and August. Spyker was commissioned a justice of the peace for' East Buffalo :\Iarch 9, 1799. Thomas Caldwell kept a store on lot of Dr. Harrison; John Metzgar opposite the Cameron House and Dr. Byers. John Pollock opened a store in 1795. General Potter hauled his iron from Centre Furnace to Lewisburgh to be shipped in keel- boats. They hauled their whiskey from Pot- ter's. Hon. ^Vndrew ^Vlbright came to J>ewisburgli UNION COUNTY. 1251 in 1798 aud opened a tavern where Halfpen- ny's factory now stands, whore lie resided until he was elected sheriff; coiuniissioned October 24, 1803, when he removed to Sunhnry. He was member of Assembly in 1808. His wife died March 9, 1810, and he snbseqnently married the mother of Mrs. John G. Yonngman, ofSnn- bury. He was appointed associate judge in 1813 in place of General Wilson, deceased, and had just been elected to the State Senate when he died. He was noted for his integrity, and was very popular throughout our valley. He owned Colonel Slifer's upper farm on Buffalo Creek when he died. He left no children, but broth- ers Henry, Jacob, Godfrey, and a sister, Susan- na, married to Philip Kackman. An obituary iu the Siinbury Enijulrcr of that date concludes: "Society has been deprived of a valuable mem- ber, and a wife of an amiable husliand. In private life he sustained the character of an honest man and Christian, and was universally beloved. He has held various public and re- sponsible offices, with honor to himself and ad- vantage to his fellow-citizens." He died on Tuesday, November 24, 1822, at Sunbury, after an illness of three UKjnths, in his fifty-third year. He was born at Lititz, February 28, 1770. His father's name was Andrew: his mother, Elizabeth Orth, of Lebanon. His first wife was a daughter of Melchoiu Rahm, a very prominent man in Dauphin County. He built a loug, two-story, weather-boarded house, painted red, long after known in the parlance of the town as the " Eed Roost." It was so large a house that people came from a distance to see it. He was postmaster in 1802, and it is related that in that year, the night of December 23-24, a fire occurred at Nesbit's, on the east side of the river iu the night. It was noticed by Andrew Albright. The night was fearfully cold, and, observing no one stirring at the house, he mounted his horse and swam him, through the floating ice, across the river, awakened the family, and thus saved them from destruction. Barnaby McMaster, the weaver, lost his loom and all he had, barely escaping with his life aud family. It was at this house that Stewart was said to have stayed the night before his duel with John Bimis, which took place across the river, "at the end of the fence behind Lawshe's house, oppo- site Derrstown." ' Daniel Franklin kept the hotel next, who died of a sore leg, Flavel Roan says, and short- ly after, his widow, Jean Franklin, married Charles Seagraves, who thereafter kept it. For many years before it was torn down to give way to the grist-mill it was the habitat of a number of tenants, whose quarrels among themselves, and with the tenants of a long two- story building opposite, inhabited in the same way, gained for them the names of the Red and White Roosts. In November, 1853, Nesbit, Hayes & Fieht- liorn tore away the " Red Roost " and erected the first steam ffouring-mill on the site, called Flagle Mill. This was burned and re-erect- ed, and afterwards purchased by "William Brown, who sold it to Abraham Frederick, who, in turn, sold it to Mark Halfpenny. The lat- ter's woolen-mill at Laurelton had been burned June 11, 1866. He purchased the Eagle Mills, with the " White Roost " opposite, and fitted it up as a woolen-mill, with machinery compris- ing two sets of forty-eight-inch cards, two hand-mules, (three hundred and sixty spindles each), ten narrow and three broad looms, aud machinery necessary for the manufacture of flannels, etc., and an annual capacity of about seventy-five thousand pounds of wool. In 1870 the firm of M. Halfpenny ^ Sons was formed by the admission of W. E. Halfpenny and W. S. Halfpenny, and in 1874 the firm of M. Halfpenny & Co. was formed of M. Halfpenny, W. A. Scheyer aud W. I. Halfpenny, and the annual capacity increased to one hundred and twenty thousand pounds of wool. The factoi'y was burned in 1878, May 17th, and with it the "White Roost" went up iu smoke. The present structure, built the same year, of brick, has a main building, two stories, fifty-four by one hundred ancl foui-teen, with two wings, forty by forty-eight and thirty by sixty ; one- .story boiler and dye-house, twenty by seventy, having machinery consisting of three sets of 48- 'Linu's "Annals," 349. 1252 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. inch cards, eight automatic jacks, two thousand one hundred and sixty spindles, fifteen Crompton hroad looms, and all the machinery necessary for the manufacture of fancy eassimeres. The present capacity is ninety thousand yards six- quarters eassimeres ; they employ fifty hands. Frank Halfpenny was admitted to the firm in 1878. Of the inhabitants of Lewisburgh, we may notice that in 1801 John Lawshe, Jr., is keeping the "Pennsylvania Arms," whicii remained known as the Black Horse — the horses rampant of the State coat-of-arms being thus recognized — until it was torn down to give way to the private residence of William Cameron, Esq., on the corner of Second and Market. November 4, 1801, Mrs. Jean McClure died ; buried on the 5th in the Presbyterian yard, Lewisburgh. She left fourteen children, one hundred and ten grandchildren, one hundred and forty-eight great-grandchildren and four great- great-grandchildren, — total two hundred and seventy-six. Thirty-six of them attended the funeral. She was of an amiable, benevolent and friendly disposition, and might be called a true Christian.' In 1S02 Isaac Latshaw, John Metzgar and Albright, at the ferry, were keeping hotels ■ John Brice ; John Donachy, weaver ; Daniel Franklin ; Thomas Hartley, carpenter ; Barney McKinty ; David Russell, mason. In 1803 'John Ely, George Gueker, John Moore, black- smith. In ISOri the log school-house or acad- emy was built on tiie present site of the parson- age of tiie Presbyterian ( 'luircli. It was one story, about twenty feet s(iuare. In 181.') Jonas Butterfield kept school tlicie. This was occu- pied as a High School under various teachei's, and as an academy under James McClune a while, and until the brick academy on the cor- ner of Front and St. Mary's Streets was built. McCluue went to Mifflinburg. In 1840 Eev. Hugh Pollock, from Belfast, arrived and took charge of the academy, made vacant by the removal of James McClune to Mifflinburg. In 1S44 John Robinson became the jirineijial ; in 184G, the Rev. Samuel Shati'er, who pur- 1 Kennedy's Gazette. chased it of the stockholders. It afterwards passed into the hands of John Randolph, and has now subsided into a double dwelling-house. Additional residents!. — 180(j, John Clonser, Samuel Cosgrove, George Kremer, Jacob Ren- frew, Christian Wolfe, hatter. 1807, George Bellman, clock-maker. 1808, Henry Billman, George Clark, John Friedly, Thomas Guy, Conrad Horning, George Kremer, store in Chamberlin'sbuihling ; John Martin, carpenter; Peter Myers, Daniel Rees, inn-keeper; John Sergeant, nai lor; Charles Sitgreaves, saddler; Joseph Stillwell, .school-teacher ; Michael Stroub, weaver; Henry Wagner. 1809. — Dr. Ethan Baldwin, (Roan says of the doctor, " He is a Democrat and full of ostentation.") John Espey, Daniel Neyhart, RobertSmith. 1810. — Joseph Bower, John B. Gordon, dyer; Alex- ander Hutchinson, Mathew McClure, John Bross. November 10th, McQuhae & Hepburn open a new store. Daniel Doudle was an acquaintance of Gov- ernor Snyder in his boyhood, and in maturer years he would sometimes pay the Governor a visit at Selin's Grove, and thus formed an ac- (piaintance \vith George Kremer. George Kre- mer wa.s a nephew of Governor Snyder, and came to reside with him when a mere lad. After George moved to Derrstown and estab- lished hiuLself in business and a bachelor's hall there, I)aniel extended his visits thither, and became so much pleased that he resolved to ibr- sake York altogether and remain with George. Accordingly, he sent for his money, a consider- able stock of dollars, and took up his abode in Derrstown. He and (ictirge agreed very well, for George humored him in all his whims, but he (juarrelled sadly with old Peggy Miller, the house-keeper. Sometimes he would come in a towering passion to George with, " Now, George, I can't live with the old devil any longer. Just send me off to Selin's Grove to Simon, and he will send me to York." "Well, well," s^aid George, "Roan (Clark) or John shall take you and your money iu the cart to Selin's Grove as soon as you like." "Do you think," Daniel would reply, "I would trust myself with tlie damned rascals? They would murder me fi)r my money before we got half-way to Selin's UNION COUNTY. 1253 Grove." Then an argument would commence on the honesty of Roan and John, which gener- ally lasted until I^uiiel, in his rage ag-aiiist these two, had forgotten his wrath toward old Peggy. At length Daniel fell into the hands of an old Methodist woman, who, by her ex- hortations, made considerable impression on him. After spending an evening at Mother Grove's, Daniel came home with a face so sol- emn and important that the whole family no- ticed it, and, knowing where he had been, the clerks followed him on liis retreat to bed and peeped and listened at his door. Daniel locked his door, looked carefully around, undressed (taking oft" his hat the last of all, as- was liis custom), kneeled by the bedside and commenced thus : " O, Lord God ;" then ensued a long pause. Up rose Dauiel, exclaiming, "It is too damned cold to pray here!" and jumped into bed. Whether Dauiel made another effort to pray is uncertain. He once acted god-father fir one of his friend's children. The clergyman asked the name of the child. Daniel, luider- standing him to ask hia name, promptly re- plied : " Daniel Doudle, to be sure. Don't you know me any more'.'" Daniel, at this time eighty years of age, usually dressed himself once a day in state, in a blue silk-velvet coat, white vest, rufiled shirt, lirown silk-velvet small- clothes, and turned-up shoes, and paraded him- self down to the river-bank and back, to ex- hibit himself to the ladies. He lived to be one hundred and one or one hundred and two years of age, dying in August, 18:28, at Mr. Kremer's, near Middlelnu-g, wiiere his bones rest with those of his friends, Frederick Evans and George Kremer. Certainly three more singular men were neyer so intimately associated in life and rest so close together in the solemn silence of death. Kremer came to Lewisburgh in 1806, and the impression one gets of him from Flavel Roan's journal, who often speaks of him, of meeting and going home with him, and whom he always calls "Citizen Kremer," is that he has imbued the wildest notions of French democracy. He removed from Lewis- burgh to his place near Middleburg in 18:27. Among other characters of this date were Billy Nicholas, a carpenter of White Deer, and old Mr. Mook, the Revolutionary soldier. Saturday was the usual day to a.ssemble in Lewisburgh, and, getting pretty drunk, old Mook asserted he could " hex a bullet" at an hundred yards. Mook held a silyer bullet in his hand and began powwowing. Billy shot from the porch of Metzgar's tavern, knocked the bullet out of Mook's finger, skinning the latter considerably, thus disabusing Mook's mind of the idea that he could " hex." 1812. — Joseph Collins, tailor ; Robert Don- aldson, Evans & Kremer, store ; Charles Kemerer, tailor ; Widow Langs, William Mc- (iuhae, Andrew Miller, William Wilson, store- keeper. Alexander Graham came to Tjewisburgh. He was born at Magherafelt, Ireland, July 17, 1783; died at Lewisljurgh August 23,1839; married to Maria Margaret Spyker, daughter of Henry Spyker, who was born at Tulpehocken, Berks County, July 5, 1786, and died at Lewis- burgh March 18, 1863. They left ten children, — Thompson ; ]\Iar- garet, who married Dr. James F. Grier ; Henry L. ; Caroline, married to Robert Hayes ; Henrietta, married to John Elliot ; Mary, mar- ried to Rev. P. B. Marr ; Thomas ; George W.; Rosetta, married to J. Greer Boggs ; Lucinda, uiarried to Dr. Thomas Van Valzah, and again tc Charles M. Elder. lu 1823, Thomas R. Lewis kept a hotel at the sign of " the Lewisburgh Stage," on Mar- ket Street, at Shaffle's drug-store. In 1826 the old market-house, which stood in the square, was taken down. Kremer sold out his stock of goolack had n distillery, and kept store just above the latter, and where Norton's coal-yard now is; White Roost, now IVi. I Ialf|)cnuy's, was oc- cupied by Billman; the old Albright tavern by William Poak. At the mouth of Buffalo Creek there were three houses, owned and occupied by John Pross, Valentine Miller, etc. Leisenring, a potter, lived opposite John A. Mertz's; Mrs. Nicely's lot was occupied bj' John I.,awshe, Sr., the "Green Tree"; J. B. Linn's, by John Metzgar; Esquire Cameron's, the Black Htirse, was kept by John Lawshe, Jr.; George Kremer had a store where Jonathan Wolfe now lives. Second Street was then vacant down to Jt)se{)h Glass' lots, lying in common, and pine-trees growing on them. The brick house of Jo.seph Glass was built by Henry Beck in 1823; Joseph Bennett lived where the Union National Bank now is; on part of Peter Beaver's lot Henry Burget kept a tavern; George Metzgar lived where Charles Stnrgis has his jewelry store, and had a hatter-shop; an old log hou.se, in from the street, next Jonathan Wolfe's, was occupied hy John Montgomery; old Mr. Kimmcll kept .store in the next house; William Hayes kept store where Peter Nevius' widow now lives. Dr. Beyers lived on the corner of Third and St. Catherine. No house from there to Market. Alexander (iraham lived and kept store on Dr. Harrison's corner. There were no houses on Third Street north. On the Billmyer lot, dejtot lot, etc., was a large pond, where they often shot ducks. On E'ourth and St. Louis, Bct.sy Am- mon's house was built this yeqr. There was an old house at the race at St. George, and one at the east end of Fourth, occupied by Strickland; Dr. Wilson's lot was oecujMcd by i\Ir. Espy, who kept tavern; on William Moore's (now Paul Geddes'), Thomas Poak kept bachelor's hall and a brewery; William Shearer lived in a house lately .standing on Cherry Alley (removed by Cyrus Dricsbach), and followed weaving; Caleb P^airchild had a blaeksmith-shop on the east side, north of St. John's Street ; north was a stone house, occupied by Daniel Ri'cs as a tavern. C. Beyers' was occupied by a family named Seydel ; next was Sam Grove, a boatman ; Adam Grove lived on Thomas Nesbit's (de- ceased) lot; he was the youngest of the (iiove brothers, Indian fighters, and followed boating; James Geddes living on the corner of Fourth and St. Anthonv, and had a sa(lle, George Knox over- seer of the poor. The first ordinance jjassed was one recjuiring the opening of the streets, the most of which were fenced in and cultivated at that time. They were finally opened in 80 1813, except in the case of Dr. Charles Beyer, who. May 5, 1813, represented that he had not rails to fence with, and if he opened the streets he had inclosed in his lots, it would be to the great damage of his grain ; and the directors, agreeing that this was so, let him off, upon his agreement to pay two bushels of wheat and two of rye, immediately after harvest, for the use of the corporation, after which they were to be opened. Under this act there was no burgess, the direc- tors electing a president. Subsequently, March 21, 1822, it was incorporated as a borough {Pam- phlet Laws, page (iS). The election place was fixed at Randall Wilcox's, who kept the Black Horse, and John Nesbit and Alexander Nesbit were appointed to superintend the first election, Alexander Blair was the last burgess under this act. By the act of 1851, March 11th {Pamphlet Laws, page 158), the number of Councilmen was fixed at six, instead of five, two to serve re- spectively one, two and three years, the burgess to give the casting vote on a tie, and four to constitute a quorum. The following is a list of burgesses from that time : 1851. Alex. H. Blair. 1852. Jonathan Wolfe. 1853. Thomas Reber. 1854. Peter Hursh. 1855. William Moore. 1856. George A. Frick. 1857. J. Schroyer. 1858. William H. Cham- berlin. 1859. William Frick. 18(30. James Hayes. 1861. James Hayes. 1862. Samuel H. Orwig. 1863. M. Driesbach. 1864. Chas. C. Shankley. 1865. J. B. McLaughlin. 1866. J. B. McLaughlin. 1867. J. B. McLaughlin. 1868. H. P. Sheller. 1869. J. B. McLaughlin. 1870. J. B. McLaughlin. 1871. J. C. Smith. 1872. J. C. Smith. 1873. John V. Miller. 1874. William Cameron. 1875. Joseph Musser. 1876. John E. Morgan. 1877. G. W. Walls. 1878. O. E. Vorse. 1879. O. R. Vorse. 1880. Joseph Musser. 1881. John K. Kremer. 1882. W. W. Wolfe. 1883. W. W. Wolfe. 1884. D. P. Higgins. 1885. John C. Smith. 1886. Thomas G. Evans. The borough was divided into two wards (act of April 4, 1854, Pamphlet Laws, page 271), and the third was erected 7th April, 1870 {Pamphlet Laws, page 1041). 1258 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The Fire Department. — No regular fire company existed in the borough prior to 1831, the previous measures for protection against fires being on a limited scale. In the year above noted a subscription-list was circu- lated for the benefit of a fire company and three hundred and forty-five dollars was raised by that means. On the 2Sth of December, 1836, the Council first acted in tliis matter, ordering that a tax be levied for the purchase of five ladders, four poles and fire-hooks. Three years later, Feb- ruary 9, 1839, three petitions were presented to the Common Council, asking aid for the then ex- isting Lewisburgh Fire Company, but no action appears to have been taken at that time ; but on March 5, 1839, the Council appropriated four hundred and fifty dollars to aid in purchasing a fire engine, and authorized Robert Hayes to ex- amine the " United States " or any other en- gine for sale in Philadelphia. He recom- mended the purchase of the " United States," and April 6, 1839, the Council instructed its treasurer to secure it for three hundred dollars, if possible. The next appropriation was made in May, 1842, when fii'ty dollars was voted to aid the Lewisburgh Fire Company. March 31, 1851, the Council decided to loan the engine to the Lewisburgh Valiant Fire Company, and in May, that year, bought a trumpet for the use of the same com2Jany. Oc- tober 1, 1840, the Council leased for five years a building on Fifth Street for an engine-house. The next action of importance was taken January 2(3, 1874, when the Council entered into an agreement with the SilsV^y Manufactur- ing Company, of Seneca Falls, N. Y., to pur- chase a Silsby No. 2 steam-engine, to be called the " William Cameron," twenty-five hundred feet of hose and three hose-carts, for the sum of nine thousand seven hundred and seventy- five dollars. At this time William Cameron was the chief burgess, and very generously paid the entire amount out of his private funds as a donation to the borough. The Town Council undertook to properly house the costly gift. They bought a lot on Fourth Street, south of Market, corner of Fourth Street and Pine Alley, from John Walls, for twelve hundred and fifty dollars, conveyed August 6, 1877, and the same day made a contract with Joseph Musser to build a house for twenty-three hundred and forty-three dollars, which was completed by the close of the year. It is a two-story brick building, tliirty by thirty-five feet, surmounted with a tower sixty-five feet high from the ground, in which is a clear-toned bell. The assembly-room of the companies manning the apparatus is as neatly furnished as any in the central jjart of the State. The engine has a throwing capacity of six hundred gallons per minute. Water is continually kept hot in the boiler by a heater in the cellar of the building, so that it can render service on a few moments' notice. The company organized to man the engiue in 1831 (which was a small machine worked by a crank, and called the coflee-mill) disbanded after a few years. The " Valiant Fire Com- ' pany," organized in 1851, did not keep up its organization more than a few years, the engine which it manned being heavy and clumsy. For a number of years there was no regularly organ- ized company in the borough, and several efforts to organize companies were not success- ful on account of the lack of interest in such matters. On the 2d of March, 1874, the present de- partment was organized to take charge of and man the steamer " William Cameron " and its attendant apparatus, purchased January 24, 1874. Officers were chosen as follows : Chief, John V. Miller ; First Assistant Chief, Daniel Myers ; Second Assistant Chief, T. N. Rcber ; Third Assistant Chief, E. L. I'ainter ; Presi- dent, W. O. Shafer; Vii'C-Presidcnt, T. E. Halfpenny ; Treasurer, J. Wesley Cor- nelius; Secretary, D. P. Higgins; Assist- ant Secretary, W. N. Wensel; Trustees, W. N. Winset, J. P. McClure and S. H. Noll ; Fore- njan of Engine Company, Geo. E. Long ; As- sistant Fireman of Engine Company, W. E. UNION COUNTY. 1259 Yoder; Foreman of Hose Companies, J. P. JVCcClure ; First Assistant Foreman of Hose Companies, W. J. Angstadt ; Second Assistant Foreman of Hose Companies, J. C. F. Brown ; Third Assistant Foreman of Hose Companies, F. N. Honsel. Of the sixty-eight men belonging to the de- partment, ten men and a foreman belong to e;ieh hose company, and the remainder belong to the engine company proper. The department is efficiently manned and has demonstrated its usefulness not only at home, but at the great fire in Milton, in May, 1880, and at Williamsport, in August, 1883. At each of these places it was warmly commended, and at the latter place received a generous purse from Payne, Cochran & Co. for its zeal in quelling the destructive element. The Lewisbuegh Gas CompxVNy. — An act of the Assembly, approved January 31, 1856,em- powered William Cameron, Peter Beaver, Wil- liam Frick, John Walls, George F. Miller, By- ron Amnion and Eli Slifer to form the above company, with a capital of fifty thousand dol- lars ; but an effort to raise this amount by sub- scription met with so little encouragement that the corporatoi-s disposed of their interests, in tlie summer of 1858, to Birkenbine & Mears, of Philadelphia, but restricting the maximum price of the gas the firm intended to produce. In October, 1858, they began the erection of the works and excavating for the mains. The build- ing was j)Ut up at the east end of St. Catharine Street, and mains were laid up that street to Third, along Third to Market, down Market to Front, and from Market to Fourth Streets. The plant was com])leted at a cost of about twenty thousand dollars; and the first gas was distributed from it and used in the borough on the night of January 28, 1859. After operating the works a few years, Birken- bine & Mears sold out to John Cowell, of Wil- liamsport, and in the summer of 1866 Jonathan Wolfe became the owner of the plant. On the 27th of November, 1866, the present company was organized, with thirty-six stockholders, having a board of seven directoi-s, and of which John Walls was chosen president and has so continued to the present. Dr. William H. Marr is the present manager. Soon after the accession of the present company, mains were ex- tended through the principal streets not before supplied and to the college buildings, and, from time to time, other pipes have been laid in re- sponse to the demand for them. About two million five hundred thousand cubic feet of gas are at present manufactured and consumed. Lewisbuegh Water Company. — On the 26th of May, 1883, a partial organization of the above company was effected, when an application was made to the Legislature for an act of incor- poration, which was granted and approved May 30th the same year. After this the election of officers took place, when Eli Slifer was chosen president, George S. Matlock, secretary, and Alfred Hayes, treasurer. The plans drawn by S. C. Bates and Joseph C. Nesbit were accepted, and, in the summer of 1883, an engine-house was erected at the foot of Market Street, from which a main, ten inches in diameter, was laid five hundred feet into the river to the place known as the Salmon Hole. A stand-pipe, twelve feet in diameter and one hundred and thirty-six feet high, was erected near the engine-house, from which mains were distributed through nearly all the principal streets of the borough. The plant was completed at a cost of about thirty-seven thousand dollars, and the main filled for the first time Novemlier 17, 1883, and the stand-pipe eleven days later. The present machinery consists of two fifty horse-power boilers and two duplex pumps, either one of which will pump fourteen hundred and eighty-six gallons per minute. In 1884 an average of thirty-six thousand five hundred and sixty-seven gallons of water was pumped daily, which was increased to an average of fifty-three thousand four hundred and seventy-four gallons in 1885. At that time there were five miles of pipes and forty-five hydrants on the sti'eets. Ordinarily the pressure of water in the stand-pipe is about fifty pounds to the square 1260 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. inch, and, in case of fire, this water could be shut off and the water pumped directly into the mains from the river at a pressure of one hun- dred and twenty-five pounds to the square inch. The works are in charge of S. C. Bates, super- intendent and engineer. The Lewisburgh National Bank is the successor of the Lewisburgh Savings Institu- tion, which was incorporated by an act of the Legislature, April 20, 1853, and which had as corporators William Cameron, George F. Miller, John Walls, William Friek, Peter Beaver, John Haughton, Alexander Ammons, Thomas Hayes, James S. Marsh, Eli Slifer, Jonathan Nesbit, Alexander McClure, John Gundy, William F. Packer, David Reber, George Schnable and John B. Packer. The author- ized capital was one hundred thousand dollars, and William Cameron was chosen president and II. P. Sheller treasurer. An office was fitted up in the residence of William Cameron, which has been the place of business of the bank ever since. President Cameron served until November 10, 185G, when he was succeeded by William Friek, and Treasurer Sheller resigning. May 23, 1855, had as his successor David Reber. An act of the Legislature, April 27, 1857, authorized a change of name to the Lewisburgh Bank, and under the State laws it became a bank of issue, with William Cameron as presi- dent and F. W. Pollock, cashier, being elected June 27th of that year. The latter served until May 4, 1859, when David Reber became his successor, and held that position until the change to a national bank, when lie was re-elected cashier, and has since served in tiiat capacity. On the 28th of December, 18G4, the stock- holders of the bank decided to organize under the National Banking Laws and applied for the necessary authority to make the change. The certificate was granted January 12, 1865, at which time the bank assumed its present title. The authorized capital is two hundred thousand dollars, but it has not yet been increased beyond the one hundred thousand dollars authorized to the Savings Institution. On the expiration of the first certificate, January 11, 1885, the bank continued business under a new certificate, extended for twenty more years. William Cameron was president of the National Bank until May 13, 1868, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent, Dr. F. C. Harrison. The bank is at jiresent controlled by tlw fol- lowing persons: President, F. C. Harrison; Cashier, David Reber; Teller, J. B. McLaugh- lin; Directors, Eli Slifer, F. C. Harrison, John Walls, George Gross, J. B. Packer, IVIark Halfpenny, G. B. Miller, D. B. Miller and Joseph Sanders. William Cameron,' Esq. — Charles Came- ron was born at Inverness, Scotland, and came to this country in 1755, when he was five years old, with his father, Simon Cameron, who accompanied his minister, Colin MacFar([uhar, and settled at the Donegal Church, in Lancaster County, on the farm now owned by his son, Gen- eral Simon Cameron. After growing to maturity, and having married, he removed with his family first to Sunbury, in 1808, then to Washington- ville, and in 1810 to Lewisburgh, where he ap- pears in the assessment as following the occujia- tion of a tailor ; and there he died, on the 1 (3th day of January, 1814, in his house on the corner of Front and St. John Streets, now a vacant lot belonging to the estate of William Cameron. He left to survive him a widow, Martha Cam- eron, who died in Lancaster County afterwards, on the 10th of November, 1830, while on a visit to her son. Colonel James Cameron, and sons and daughters of seniority in the order named, — William, John, Simon, James, Daniel, Eliza, Jane and Catharine. William, the oldest, was born at Maytowu, Lancaster County, Pa., on the 15th day of Oc- tober, 1795, and had been taught his father's trade. This he worked at diligently, except that when the trade was dull, and the rivers raised their annual and seasonable floods, by which the produce of the country was carried by the fleets of boats and arks to their markets below, ' Contributed. ■^M^jtYu,,.^ h' ,:y;'':.'v;' •?'> ■■'"'''■ ' UNION COUNTY. 1261 he joined the riveroien, and many a time walked from the bay to liis home, foot-sore and weary ; and except that when a regiment was I'aised for tiio war, some time in September, 1814, he vol- unteered as a private in the " Northumberland County Blues," attached to Colonel George Weirick's regiment, and marched to Marcus Hook. This regiment appears to have been discharged in Philadelphia in the latter part of December, 1S14. His reminiscence of their muster at Philadelphia shows its size then. They marched out from the city, about Fourth Street, to the old " Brick Tavern," and en- camped on the Union Green. He returned to Lewisburgh and followed his trade. The year that William went to war ^\■illiam Young bought Gideon Smith's place — Giddy Smith's, as Flavel Roan familiarly calls him in his journal, — and where he went of an evening to read a play — on Buffalo Creek, where one sees now a handsome old stone house, bravely done up witii l)lack pointing, with curving gateway and flowered lawn, and there came to live with him, when only the stone wing, with its shed roof, had yet been built, as his ward, Eleanor McLaugldin. Within the year that Charles Cameron had died, in (I8I0,) her father, Hugh McLaughlin, also died. He lived in Lewisburgh in a log house, on the corner of Market and Fourth Streets, where William Nagle now lives, and owned several lots near there besides, and traded them (to the Grants, for whom John Lawshe was the agent,) for seventy acres of land, next adjoining William Cliugan's, in Kelly town- ship. But death cut him short in his work. It had not been all paid for, and tliere were long minorities for some of the children. John Boal, who lived on G. F. Miller's place at the river, and Thomas Wilson were the executors. There were James, Eleanor, Mary (who died at twenty), Catherine McFaddin (wife of the late Colonel Jackson McFaddin), Hugh Mcljaughlin and Margaret (who died unmarried). Here Wm. wooed and W(in his " Nelly," as he always fondly called her, and in the old stone house they were married on the 5tli day of January, 1820, by the Rev. Thomas Hood, in the early bloom of her girlhood — she was born on the 2()th day day of June, 1 803. The first year of their married life was passed in the upper rooms of the old yellow house that stood where the Journal office now is; and the next two years, the second year after it was built, 1823, in the second story of the building of J. M. Linn's office. Two families lived there, and just back of it stood a log house with an old-fashioned fire-place ; for two years both of the ladies occupied jointly the great hearth, each having their own fire, and never a word of brawl the " live-long time," as one of them phrased it. Across the street, on the corner of the alley, where Mrs. A. McClure now lives, there stood an old hatter's shop, which some time before had taken fire and was partially burned. Early one spring morning, while William was pre- paring to take one of his trips on the river, looking across from her second-story window, Mrs. Cameron w^ondercd whether thev could not get that place from Mr. Hayes on the same terms as the former parties had it. William wondered how they could ever pay for it. Martha, William's mother, said tluy should not venture on it. But William said that Nelly might try it if she wished, and perhaps in a few years they might buy it. AVilliam started. Mrs. Cameron got the lease, cleaned u]3 the place and made it habit- able, and when William came home and entered the door, she sat with her bal)y on her arm and Elizabeth by her knee. A gladder riush spread over his stern face, and a happier man he never was than on that evening. A lovable trait in his life, and it gives a glow to his great sombre face to think of it, — he bought all those places, the home of his father, the home of his Nellie in town, and the places where he wooed her, on cither Ijank of the creek, which was hallowed by the light of his early love. They bought the site of the old hatter's shop, 1262 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. built as their means permitted, and this was the foundation of their fortune. Tiie act to provide for the commencement of a canal, to be constructed at the expense of the State, and to be styled " The Pennsylvania Canal," was passed on the 25th of February, A.D. 1826. Up to the 1st of June, 1829, four hundred and eighty-eight and one-half miles were under contract and completed at a cost of ten million dollars. The West Branch Canal was completed as far as Muncy. General Abbott Green and William Cameron had a contract, on the eastern division from Duncan's Island to the mouth of the Swatara, to build the dam, still known as Green's Dam, and Section 2 of the canal, in the beginning of 1828, — the contract was awarded November 24, 1827, — which were ver)^ heavy contracts ; and the next year, the largest contract on the West Branch, — Nos. 1 and 2, and the guard lock at Muncy Hill, — were let to C^ameron, Ritner & Cameron. One said that ^\^illiam Cameron's profit on the latter was ten thousand dollars, and they went to Harrisburgh, together, to draw the money — a snug fortune they thought it then, and thereafter they had money to lend. While he was " canaling" they bought the farm across the river from Daniel Bright, the father of Mrs. G. F. Miller, and Mrs. Cameron moved theie with her little family, and commenced again in a cal)in. It was a very forlorn place, swamps and great gully holes, and in the intervals of "canaling," the carts and horses and shovels and barrows went to the farm; it was ditched and drained, the holes filled and the land leveled, until it became a garden of a place. Thus was the fortune of Mr. Cameron founded, on ]iure hard work and careful management, the credit of which latter he never failed to give to Mrs. Cameron, with a gleam that lighted his eyes and sent aglow over his iron-cast face. February ]!», 1827, (Tovcrnor Schultz com- missioned him a justice of the peace, and he was known by the honored title of "The 'Squire" until his last day. And when one spoke of the " 'Squire " in Lewisburgh and its vicinity, it was well-known who was meant ; and whether the title carried with it the meaning of broad acres, or large influence, local or moneyed power, he was par c.rceUence " The 'S(piire." It is remarkable that in the contracts that were awarded, as well as those above mentioned, as the many he afterwards had, they were such as I'equired great administrative aliility, good judgment and breadth of comprehension, as notably, the tunnel of Elizabethtown, the rail- road bridge at Harrisburgh on the Cumberland Valley Railroad, the dams at Columbia and Lewisburgh. In the years 1839, 1840 and 1841 he was engaged in the w'holesale dry-goods business in Philadelphia, under the firm-name of " Welsh, Cameron & Co.," and was a leading memljer of a firm that first successfully operated the rail- road from Columbia to Philadelphia, then part of the public works. During the first year the road was not a success under State manage- ment, and was getting deeper and deeper in debt, when Mr. Cameron was solicited to take hold of it, and under him it became a success. In 1853 he was mainly instrumental in estab- lishing the " Lewisburgh Savings Institution," which grew into a chartered State bank, and then, under the National Banking Act, " The Lewisburgh National Bank." On the witness stand he gave his occupation as in the banking business and that bank was and is a synonym of credit. His wealth was of a varied and substantial character. Owning a large amount of the best property in Lewisburgh, he could ride from the east end of Ijimestone Ridge, north across the heart of Buffalo Valley, on his own land, away beyond the l^uifalo Creek, over farms of the best quality, of rai'e beauty and fertility, and alontr the ea.st baidv of the West Branch of the Sus(piehanna to the border of IMilton. As has been said, his father was Scotch, his mother was German (Martha Pfoutz), and his was a rare combination of the (|ualitics of the j UNION COUNTY. 1263 two races, — shrewdness and tlirift, painstaking care, clear sagacity and indomitable energy. He controlled all matter that came within his power with an iron rod, and however severe it might liave .seemed, the resnlt, in the prosperity of all those about him, signified his real benef- icence. He remembered how much he owetl to his wife, and at his death he gave all to her during her lifetime, or the great bulk of it. It is a trite and common saying that with all the getting of a man in this world, he gets but his narrow six feet. It is as common and trite a thing that the wider and deeper and the more substantially a man's work is done in this world, the less does the world appreciate it. He was not in public life, like his brother Simon, whose name appears in the prosperity of Pennsylvania and in the glory of his country, for a half- century; nor like his brother James, who stood and fell at the head of the Seventy-ninth Highlanders of New York, in the first battle fought fur the suppression of the Rebellion. But in his more quiet walk of life, his energy, thrift, pluck and sturdy advance, while it led him to fortune, had a reflex influence on the community, and led them in that way, too. And all he acquired and touched was bright- ened and bettered. He took town properties and farms, dilapidated and running to waste, and under his careful hand and unsparing ex- penditure they became not only pleasant to behold, but in the fact that they were improved, and the methods by which it was done, the community was so nuich the richer, but far more the reflex influence of those very acts made the community wiser and better. He put no money in stately piles of gifted buildings for the weak honor of its name, but thousands upon thousands of dollars he put into the im- proving and draining of lands, and thus most materially educated the people of the valley in which he lived. That was no doubt William Cameron's mis- sion, and he filled it. The people of Lewis- burgh and of Buffalo Valley can cast their eyes over their well-built and prosperous town and their lands — a crowning glory of Pennsylvania's thrifty farming race — and remember with a fer- vent feeling of gratitude that William Cameron lived there. He died at his home in Lewisburgh on the 10th of September, 1877, having almost com- pleted his eighty-second year. He left to survive hitn his widow, Eleanor Cameron; his daughter Mary, intermarried with the Hon. John B. Pack'er; Jane, intermarried with Dr. Francis C. Harrison, now president of the Lewisburgh Bank ; two granddaughters, chikh-en of his daughter Elizabeth, who was intermarried with John A. Green ; both of the latter are dead ; and William Cameron, Jr., and Nellie, married to Harry Marsh, children of a deceased son, William, who died in 1861, hav- ing been admitted to the l)ar, and already shown himself to be of fine ability. Not ostentatious in the display of gifts, his real good gift was in the example of his lite and the shape he dealt with what he acquired. One gift to his town was a steam fire-engine, at a cost of over ten thousand dollars, which is of that same pi'actical turn as all his other acts. He never forgot his friends and in the commu- nity where he was the '' 'Squire" there were standing orders at the coal merchants, twice a year, they to see to it that none were suffering, and from his own great store-houses were free- ly sent many seasonable and timely gifts. Curiously, gathered at his funeral were two dozen old acquaintances, aged from eighty-nine to seventy-seven years, two-thirds of them above eighty. They were a rare k)t of old-timers ; but looked at and known who they were — being the great, solid men of the community — it strongly illustrated the character of the man in his friends. David Reber is the .son of John and Catherine (jNIoser) Reber, who came to Buffalo Valley in the year 1803. His father purchased land about the Lochiel — the farm of Solo- mon Betz, now owned by Sanuicl Miller — and added other land, and when he divided it among 1264 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. his sous there were two luindrt'd and ninety acres. In 1830 lie built the house, where liis son Thomas lives, in Lewisl)nrgh, and moved there in 1831, and died there June 22, 1852, at the age of eighty-two. He was an energetic, thrifty, lai'ge-heartcd man, putting his hand generously to all the atfiiirs of the comnuinity. He had a family of ten children, — John, Samuel (member of the Legislature in 1843), Elizabeth (married to I)r. Isaac S. Verse) James, Mary (married to Jacob Dunkel), Susan (married to Michael Kleckner, of New Berlin), Margart (unmarried), Thomas (married to Mary, daughter of Henry Beck, now conmiis- sioner of Union County), David and Leah (married to Rev. D. Y. Heisler, a minister of the German Reformed Church). David Rebcr was born June 111, 1817, and married to Margaret, daugliter t)f .John Musser, of Kelly, living at Colonel Slifer's place, on the 7th day of January, 1840, and had two children, — Dr. William M., a noted physician of Bloomsburg, Pa., and John. David Krst entered the store of Walls cV: Geddes as a clerk, in 1834, and became a part- ner of Peter Nevius in 1837, and continued in the mercantile business and lumbering at various places until 1855, when he accepted the treasurership of the Lewisburgh Savings Institution, which was merged into the Lewis- burgh Bank, and succeeded by the Lewisburgh National Bank, which he served as cashier. In this quiet walk of life he has filled his part with fairness, integrity, ability and faith- fulness, which gives him a substantial place in the community. With a liberality to- ward all those things which need the help of the citizen, and an cujo^Mnent of all the pure amusements, hv. gives a credit to the moneyed interest he manages, and brightens up the efTort.s of tiiose who are looking after the welfare of the eoiunuuiify. Union National Bank. — This institution was incorporated March 30, 1860, with an authorized capital of thirty thousand dollars, as the "Union Dime Savings Institution." On the 24th of August, of the same year, the stock- holders organized by electing Hugh P. Sheller, Martin Dreisbach, Philip Billmeyer, John H. Goodman, T. S. Black, James McClure, Charles Penny, Levi Sterner and John Crossgrove as trustees. Peter Beaver was chosen president and Hugh P. Sheller cashier. Business was transacted as a savings-bank until the 15th of April, 1864, when the name was changed to the " Lewisburgh Deposit Bank," and the author- • ized capital increased to sixty thousand dollars. A further change was made in 1865, when an organization was effected under the National Banking I^aws, and the present name adopteil. The certificate issued February 7, 1865, author- izes a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. In January, 1865, the following officers were selected : President, Johnson Walls ; Cashier, Hugh P. Sheller; Teller, Samuel C. Sheller; Directors, John Walls, John H. Goodman, Mar- tin Dreisbach, Levi Sterner, Philip Billmeyer, Wm. M. Van Valzah, Peter Beaver, Wni. Jones, William C. Duncan, Charles Gudykunst and Joseph M. Nesbit. Since its first boai'd of officers was elected the following changes have taken place l)y the election of Eli Slifer, president. May 19, 186S; Peter Beaver, president, November 9, 1869; William Jones, president, January 16, 1877; J. K. Kremer, cashier, and Isaac Dunkle, teller, May 28, 1878; W. C. Duncan, president, June 7, 1878; and James B. Forrest, teller, July 9, 1878. The bank occupies a convenient office on Market Street and itsaffiiirsarc in a prosperous ci)ndition. The Press. — The history of the j)ress in Lewisburgh is a record of numerous ventiu'es in journalism and few instances of I'calized hopes. A long list has I'ourtcd the favor of the public, creating a stir in its affiiirs for brief periods, then passed out of existence, often uu- honored and .scarcely now rcmcndiered. A few only have survived to claim tiie tribute of the present age. UNION COUNTY. 12ti5 The News-Letter, the first paper published in the town, was established in 1.S24 by William Caruthers, and conducted by hiiu about eighteen months, when it was sus])euded. He next pub- lished Tkc Union Hickory, at New Berlin ; but, after issuing ten numbers of his weekly, trans- ferred the office to Lewisburgh, where No. 11 was issued on the 12th of May, 1829. In a little less than a year he sold out The Union Hiekori) to Daniel Gotshall, April 3, 1830, and at the close of the volume the paper ceased to exist. It was Democratic iu politics. On the first of ]\Iay, 1830, the material was used in the publication of the Lewisburgh Jou;- lad, by Daniel Gotshall, who made it a vigor- ous Democratic sheet, and selected as its motto the well-remembered sentiment of Wolf — '' Civil liberty never can flourish on the same soil with ignorance." February 18, 1833, Got- shall sold out to George M. Miller and Edward S. Bowen, who published it until February 22, 1834, a.s the Lewisburgh Journal and Union County Advocite, when it was also discontinued. The Lewisburgh Democrat was the next can- didate for public favor. It was first issued June 20, 1835, by George R. Barrett, from an office on Market Street, between Front and Water Streets, and was a neat five-column folio. He declared that "We will the people's right main- tain— unbought by gold, unbriljed by gain." The people evidently did not aj)preeiate his efforts, as, in his issue March 12, 1836, he en- treats them to bring in wood (on subscription) so that he could warm his fingers. Before the volume was full, in May, 1836, the paper passed away, even warm fingers being insufficient to keep it alive when more substantial means were wanting. The next paper was the Lewisburgh /StancZarfZ, Deceml)er 7, 1837, and D. G. Fitch was the editor. In politics it professed to be neutral, but the following year advocated the election of Porter for Governor. September 1, 1839, the paper passed into the hands of H. L. Dieffen- bach, who changed the name to the Lewisburgh Standard and the Buffalo Democratic Farmer ; but even this long title could not keep it alive, and at the end of three months, December 11, 1839, this Democratic paper cea.sed to exist, Dielfenbach removing to a neighboring county to take charge of a paper there. Meantime the publication of tiie first Whig or anti-Democratic paper had taken place, Au- gust 7, 1838, as the Peoples Adcocatc ; and thus, for the first time, for a little more tlian a year, two [tapers were published in the borough. The printer was William C. E. Thomas, and Jonas Kelehner was the editor. He had also the editorial charge of a paper at Milton, which was issued on Thursday, while the Advocate apjjeared every Saturday until April 12, 1841, when its publication ceased and the subscrip- tion-list was transferred to the Union Star, of New Berlin. In the last issue the announce- ment of the death of President Harrison was appropriately made, the whole paper appearing in mourning. Kelehner was a young man of ability, but did not longsurvive his paper, dying at the age of thirt^'-five years. The borough was now again without a paper until SejJtember 4, 1841, when the Lulependent Press appeared under the proprietorshijj of 8. K. Sweetraan and D. O. E. Maze, with Sweetman as the editor. In 1842 he associated J. F. Busch with him as an editor, but their com bined forces failed to keep the Independent alive, and its career was terminated December 16, 1842. This was tlie first attempt to publish a neutral pajier, and was even less successful than a partisan sheet. Another interval followed, in which no paper was published in the town, but the time was near at hand when the Press should become permanently established. September 23, 1843, the Lewisburgh Chronicle made its appearance as a Democratic sheet, edited by W. B. Shriner and S. A. Burkenbine ; and although there have been changes of ownership and politics, the jjaper has since regulai'ly apjieared, affording a weekly record of events of this part of the country. Like the first pronounced Demo- cratic paper, it declared its purpose as follows : " Here shall the Press the people's rights main- tain, unawed by influence and unbribed by gain." At the end of the first half-year Burk- enbine retired, and the pajicr was conducted by W. B. Shrineralone asthe Lcuishurgh Chron- icle, until June 26, 1847, when he added the 1266 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. luime " and Union County General Adver'tise r " lo the title. For a time iSiiiiiuel iShriner assisted in tiie piil)lie:ition, and December 18, 1847, tiie papei' was sold out to (). N. Worden, who made it independent in polities and niodifietl tiie name to the Leioisbwgh i'hroniole and the West Branch General Adverther. So he continued it until May 3, 1849, when he again changed the name to tlie Lewishurgh Chronicle and the Went Branch Farmer, a department for agri- culturists being opened. January 2, 1850, H. C. Ilickok became the editor, and Worden de- votetl himself to the publishing part of the busi- ness, the result i)eiug an excellent paper. In the campaign of 1852 each party had its own column, and thus both Whigs and Democrats were accommodated, these features being dis- continued November 12, 1852. Hickok hav- ing been appointed deputy superintendent of .schools of Pennsylvania by Governor Pollock in 1855, John U. Cornelius became the editor, January 1, 1855, and Hickok sustained the relation of corresponding editor until the follow- ing year, while Worden continued as publisher. In the " Free-Soil movement the paper was arrayed on the side of that party, supporting Fremont for president in 1 >S5(J, and has since been the organ of the Republican party. Janu- ary 16, 1857, the Chronicle purchased the inter- ests of the American Flag, which had been published nine months at New Berlin, by Col- onel Ed. Smith, and the latter became an asso- ciate editor of the Chronicle until his retirement, March 20, 1857, on account of other duties at New Berlin. On May 2, 185!), the firm became tlie owner of the Union County hitar, at that time published at New Berlin, by Samuel H. Orwig, and consolidated the two papers under the name of the Union County Star and Lewixburgli Chronicle. The Star was the oldest paper in the county, having been established at Mittlin- burg in March, 1814, by Andrew Kennedy, Jr., and was removed to New Berlin when the county-seat was located there. It had many owners until its final disposition at Lewisburgh. January 1, 1805, O. N. Worden sold out to Joiin K. Cornelius, and the latter has siu(« had exclusive control of the ])a|)er, wliicii, soon after his accession, changed the name to the Lcwla- hnrgh Chronicle, only, which title has since designated it. The office of publication is op- posite the court-house, on Second Street, and its business appears established on a permanent basis. Mr. Cornelius is the veteran newspaper man of the borough, and one of the oldest on the West Branch. In 1845 R. I. Nesbit & Co. published the Humorist, a small sheet, whose scope was indi- cated by its name. " It had a short but merry life,' the editors being repaid l)y tlie fun they got out of the enterprise. March 20, 1851, Nesbit began the publication of a more sub- stantial paper, called the Union Weeldy ]]ldg, which was a well-edited paper ; but, not being properly encouraged, it was suspended July 22, 1852. The Guardian, a literary monlhly magazine, edited by the Rev. Henry Harbaugh, was first issued January, 1850, and printed at the office of the Chronicle until the following year, ^vhen the Rev. Harbaugh removing to Lancaster, transferred the office of publication to that place. Later the Guardian was adopted as one of the standard publications of the Re- formed C!hurch, and it has since been issued from the puljlishing offit'c at Philadelphia. The Lewisburgh Democred was i.ssued Ot'to- ber 1, 1850, by Samuel Shriner, its editor and proprietor, at one dollar per year. It was a large, well-edited paper, but, notwithstanding its cheapness, failed to obtain a permanent foothold, and was obliged to discontinue in 1854. In 1855 D. C. Kitchen and John Har- beson made an unsuccessful attempt to revive the paper, but in the summer of that year the effi)rt was given uj) as fruitless, and the sub- scription list was transferred to the rival paper which had just been started. The Union Argus, a Democratic sheet, was established July ;n, 1855, by F. M. Ziebach and Peter Stout. At the end of three months Stout sold out his interest to J. Merrill Linn, who remained on the paper some months, when he was succeeded by H. W. Crotzer, the firm be- coming Ziebach & Crotzer. By them the pa])cr was |)ublislied until August, 185(J, wJien they sold the material to a l>arty, who shipped it to the West. An interval of a few weeks followed UNION COUNTY. 1267 in which there was no Democratic paper in the borough, when Trueman H. Purdy organized a stock company for the purpose of re-establish- ing the Argus and continuing it as a Demo- cratic sheet. He succeeded, and the paper was again regularly issued after the latter part of August, 1856, and from that time imtil De- cember 20, 1860, T. H. Purdy conducted the Argus for the proprietors. He was succeeded by J. M. Baum as publisher and A. H. Dill as associate editor, the latter retiring at the end of a few months, leaving Mr. Baum alone until his death, in the fall of 1862, when J. (t. ^\^inegarden and Jacob AVolfe were elected as editors and publishers. Wolfe soon retired, leaving the Argus in charge of Winegarden, who edited the paper until December, 1864, when publication was suspended, the office being left on the hands of the association. In the course of a few months the stock- holders decided to place the office in the hands of J. E. Eichholtz, who used the same to start the Lewisburgh Journal, of which he issued the first number July 19, 1865. After publishing it about six months he turned it over to Fran- cis Graves, who published the Journal from January, 1866, until May, 1867. After being at its head a short time, his successor, Levi Sterner, turned the paper over to C. B. McGin- ley, who had purchased the interests of the stockholders, and who published the paper until April 1, 1871, at which time F. O. Whitman bec-ame the proprietor of the establishment. He also assumed editorial charge, and issued the Journal until May, 1875, when he sold out to H. H. Mercer and J. D. Rishel, who had the paper two months, when it reverted to F. O. Whitman, who has since conducted it with sig- nal success as the exponent of the true Democ- racy. The Journal has had a checkered exist- ence, but has attained a paying position, and is now enjoying its brightest days. The Saturday Neics dates its existence from January 15, 1882, when a small weekly was issued by J. C. Shamp and B. K. Focht, as the Local Neics. In July of the same year it was enlarged and added Leirisburghto its name. In this form it appeared until January, 1883, when Shamp withdrew from the firm aud B. K. Focht became the sole proprietor, although being but nineteen years of age. He enlarged his paper to a sheet thiity by fifty, forty columns, and adopted the ])resent name. The paper is in- dependent in politics, and devoted to the dis- semination of local news. The office is well equipped, and has for its motor steam-power, being the only one in the county thus supplied. Science and Health, a well edited class peri- odical, was published one year, from July, 1880, to June, 1881, by its editor. Prof George G. Grofi; The magazine was received with con- siderable favor, but its support not being com- mensurate with its merits, it was decided to dis- continue at the end of the first volume. SOCIETIES. Charity Lodge, No. 144, A. Y. M., was instituted under a charter granted February 5, 1816, to Joseph Kerr, W. M.; John Miller, S. W.; David Rittenhouse, J. W.; James Moody, Daniel Bright, Robert Gray, John Liebsworth and James Hutchinson. The first meetings were held at Milton, Pa., but on the 13th of June, 1844, the lodge was removed to Lewis- burgh, where it has since remained. At that time the principal officers were Jackson Mc- Fadden, W. :\I.; Amos Witter, S. W.; and A. D. Patterson, J. W. These offices were filled in 1886, by D. H. Getz, F. Halfpenny and T. X. Reber, respectively. The above is the only Masonic body in the borough, the nearest chapter being at Wat- sontown, and the nearest council at Blooms- burgh, at which place is also a consistory of the A. A. S. R. The nearest commandery of Knights Templar is at Danville. Buffalo Valley Exca^ipmext, No. 157, I. O. of O. F., was chartered May 25, 1867, and its first officers were, — C. P., I. S. Sterner; H. P., D. Oswald ; S. W., ^A'. D. Snyder ; J. W., E. Straub; Sec'y, Solomon Young; Treas., C. C. Shockley ; Guardian, W. P. Reiley. Since the organization of the encampment the following have been the Past Chief Patri- archs: A. Reidabaugh, D. P. Higgins, C. F. liudwig, Edward Wolfe, Daniel Kahle, A. Biehle, I. C. Harvey, J. W. Wensel, Jacob Hower, John S. Yoder, J. M. Press, Solomon Young, I. S. Sterner and D. Reidabaugh. 1268 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. In 1885 twenty-five members were reported and the following- officers : C. P., J. P. Mc- Clure; H. P., Daniel Kahle ; S. W., C. F. liindig; J. W., S. Young ; Sec'y, J. M. Pross; Treas., D. P. Higgins. Lewisburgh Lodge, No. 96, 1. O. of O. F., was instituted April 15, 1844, with the follow- iug officers: N. G., B. MeLanglin ; V. G., Henry Gibson ; Sec, James S. Kelley ; Asst. Sec, Nathan Mitchell; Treas., L. B. Christ. The meetings were held respectively in Grier's building, Penny's, Bause's and Music Hall. In 1875 the present hall in Ritter's block was fit- ted up. Since the organization of the lodge eisihteen members in good standing: have died, leaving the present number belonging sixty- nine. At this time the officers are, — N. G., G. M. Focht; V. G., W. E. Yoder; Sec, J. M. Pross ; Asst. Sec, W. C. Maurer ; Treas., J. Hower. Andrew Gregg Tucker Post, No. 52, G. A. E,., M'as mustered by Captain Parks, of Se- lin's Grove, at the office of J. M. Linn, April 2, 1867, on the application of the following: J. M. Linn, John V. Miller, D. B. IMiller, Thomas ' Church, J. K. Mertz, J. P. Brooke, George W. Schoch, T. P. Wagner, W. L. Douachy, W. L. Ammons, J. McFadden, H. S. Graham, S. A. Reed, J. B. Linn. On the 14th of October, 1869, the post, which was known up to that date as No. 52, adopted the name of Spyker Graham, in connection with its number, and retained it until December 26, 1879, when the present name was adopted. Since its organiza- tion the meetings of the post have mainly been attended with interest, and in March, 1886, there was a membership of one hundred com- rades, whose headquarters were in a neat hall in the Music Hall building. The princijial officers are, — Commander, J. P. Brooke; Senior A'^ice-Commander, J. Gellinger ; Junior Vice-Commander, I. H. Wagner; Adjutant, W. L. Donachy ; Chaplain, Norman Ball. The post has a local ladies' auxiliary, organized in 1885, which has been instrumental in contrib- uting to the funds of the society, and assisted the post in attaining its present vigorous condi- tion. Lewisburgh Council, No. 948, Royal Arcanum. — This is a new body, organized February 1, 1886, with eighteen charter mem- bers. The meetings of the order have devel- oped SI) much interest that its future as one of the beneficial societies of the place appears well assured. About the same time a lodge of Knights of Labor was instituted at Lewisburgh, which has a large and rapidly increasing membership. Its meetings are held weekly in a large room in the Hayes block. The Buffalo Mills. — Andrew Ensworth built a tannery in 1806, and sold it to James Geddes, February 3, 1807. This tannery \vas conducted by Nevins & Murray, Levi Sterner and Franklin Spyker, who, in 1857, enlarged it into a steam tannery, with fifteen horse-power steam- engine and twenty-five additional vats, at a cost of four thousand dollars. On September 20, 1870, it became vested in I. T. Kirkpatrick & Co., of Philadelphia, who sold it to Henry R. Trout, of Berks County. The tannery was bn rned while he owned it. The site of it was purchased in May, 1883, by the Buffalo Milling Company (Limited), and mills were built which are now among the finest in the State of Pennsylvania. This company is composed of Jeremiah Taylor, William A. Marr, Esq., John Hunter, H. H. Heaton, of Ashland ; William H. Heimclreich, (Jeorge S. Matlack, John H. Follmer, Lewis- burgh ; William Follmer, Milton ; and Cyrus Hoffa. Hoffa, Hunter, Heaton, Matlack and Follmer are the directors, Hoffa being man- ager and treasurer, and Matlack secretary. The trade-mark of the fiour here manufactured is " Oriole." There is a railroad switch by which cars can be brought to this mill from either of the rail- roads. The building is five stories high, and is one hundred and twenty feet long, fifty wide and seventy high, up to the top of the cupolas. The Lewisburgh Foundry. — In the spring of 1833 Nathan Mitchell, a native of Vermont, came to Le\visburgh, and, with the co-operation of Peter Nevius, established a general ibundry on the corner of St. Lewis and Front Strcc^ts, purchasing for this purpose the old Methodist Church. Farm machinery and ordinary castings were ma 1759. They had elevea children, among whom was Sarah, born August 29, 1800. Peter WykofiF, born November 14, 1797, married Sarah Nevius January 31, 1822. There were three children by this marriage,— Samuel Wilson' Mary and John N.; Wary, as noted above, being born November 14, 1823. 1290 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The youth of our subject was spent at his home, and in a manner not unlike that of the majority of boys. In due time he entered the academy of the university at Lewisburgh, where he studied uutil he was fifteen years of age. The War of the Rebellion then breaking out, and there being a great scarcity of young men, in consequence of which it was difficult to obtain clerks, he was obliged to leave school and enter his father's drug-store, where he remained until he was twenty years of age. He then went to Philadelphia and entered the wholesale drug business with Elliot, White & Co., who were, in a certain sense, his preceptors while he attended the Philadelphia College of Phar- macy. In 1869 he returned to Lewisburgh and assumed tlic management of the old drus:-store in whicli he iiad learned tlie first principles of his calling. By close application, good business qualifications and indomitable will he lias built up a trade second to none in the town or region, and has earned a reputation, which is more than local, as a thorough and progressive pharmacist. He has been an active member of the American Pharmaceutical Association for a number of years. He is a member of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association ; has read pa[)ers before that body, and at its last session (1S85), at Erie, was elected one of its executive officers. He is also an honorary member of the North- umberland County Pharmaceutical Association. In politics Mr. Schaffle is a true Independent. Although taking a warm interest in questions of public policy, he has had no desire to per- sonally profit by politics, and therefore has taken but little part in local contests, although he was the candidate for county treasurer on the Temperance ticket in the campaign of 1884. His energies, when exerted outside of his business or profession, have been almost invariably in the line of some general good, ratiier than personal preferment. He was for a number of years treasurer of the Homo Building Association, of Lewisburgh, and when the ]]oard of Trade was organized under very auspicious circumstances, towards the close of 1885, he was elected its president, — a fact significant of the esteem in which he is held by his fellow business men. Mr. Schaffle was married, April 20, 1881, to Margaret Bowie Hutchison, daughter of Charles and Agnes (McCullough) Hutchison, of Kings- ton, Pa., — the former from Johnston, near Glas- gow, and the latter from Paisley, Scotland. Mr. Hutchison has, however, long been identi- fied with the coal interests of the Luzerne region, having been an operator in the vicinity of Plymouth and Kingston for a quarter of a century. Mr. and Mrs. Schaffle are the parents of one child, \vho was born May 30, 1883, and bears the family name of Karl. ELI SLIFER. Eli Slifer, who, when scarcely beyond the prime of life, and during a momentous crisis, held a j)Osition in the service of the State second only to one in importance, honor, responsibility and usefulness, was of very lowly birth and came of an humble, unambitious, but worthy peojjle, the German Baptists, commonly called Dunkards, who form a valuable element in the body politic of the State, — a safe, conservative class of citizens, but one, from its inherent nature, contributing few individuals to the ranks of public men. The career of our sub- ject, under these circumstances, forms a strong and rare illustration of eminence attained with- out the environment of advantages and without self-seeking, but purely by worth. Eli Slifer's great-grandfather was one of the early settlers of Bucks County, coming thither from Germany some time during the first half of the past century. He had a son, Abraham, and his son of the same name was the father of Eli, wiio was born in Coventry township, Chester County, in 1818. His parents were poor; but their children, five in number, of whom Eli occupied a middle position in age, were deprived of even the limited advantages which they could have extended ; for they both died while the children were quite young. Eli received some measure of care from Samuel Harley, a brother in religion of his father ; but he was very early thrown upon his own re- sources. In 1834, when sixteen years of iige, he was apprenticed to the hatting trade in Lewisburgh. Speaking reflectively of this pe- riod of his early life, Mr. Slifer has been UNION COUNTY. 1291 known to say that whatever of capability or success or usefulness he obtained in later years was directly traceable to certain circumstances, very annoying and apparently unfavorable at the time, under which he was placed on first coming to the town which has ever since been his home. He was a tall, angular, uncouth boy, without education, and, by operation of a very common law of human nature, very soon became the object of unpleasant remark on the part of the better-favored youth of the time. This was a blessing in the disguise of a disap- pointment and misfortune. The boy was, at least, as sensitive in nature as he was singular in appearance, and he shrank from association with the boys and young men of the town, feeling his semi-ostracism keenly, but event- ually benefiting by it; for he became, in his seclusion, a student, and laid the foundation for a liberal self-education, continued through his maturer years. Had he been received by the youth of the town ou a plane of equality and respect, it is probable that the evening hours, when he was not engaged at his trade, would have been passed, as were theirs for the most part, in pleasant and profitless ways, and his books, in a large measure, neglected. In 1841 he removed to Xorthumberland, and engaged in the boat-building business. In 1845 he returned to Lewisburgh, and, in partnership with William Frick, established the same business ou a larger scale, subsequently adding the manufacture of lumber. The firm of Frick & Slifer became quite well known in commercial circles, gave employment to over a hundred men, and was quite successful, — so much so, in fact, that Eli Slifer retired, after some years, with a reasonable competency. Subsequently, with ■ several associates, he became interested in a foundry and machine- shop for the manufacture of agricultural implements. He first jjarticipated in political matters as a leader in 1848, and displayed a high measure of ability in the public discussions in favor of Whig principles and candidates. In 1849 he received the unani- mous nomination as Whig candidate for the Legislature in the district composed of Union and Juniata Couuties (Union then including what is now Snyder County). His action in the Legislature was so heartily approved that he was re-nominated and re-elected by an over- whelming majority. In 1851 he was selected as the compromise candidate for the Senate, each county in the Senatorial district having put forth a candidate. He was elected without opposition, and that in a district M'hich was successfully contested by the Democratic party the same year, for important offices, — a fact in- dicating the universal confidence reposed in him by the people of all political faiths. In 1855 he was elected State treasurer, but retired in 1856, his party being in the minority. In 1859, when the Republicans first predom- inated in the Legislature, he was agaiu elected State treasurer, and he was re-elected in 1860. Four months prior to the close of his term, in January, 1861, he resigned this office to accept the more important one of secrrtary of the commonwealth, under Governor Curtin, which position he held dur- ing the war, when it was second only to the Governorship in the grave responsibility and exacting; duties which it demanded. Mr. Slifer held the office also through Governor Curtin's second term, resigning at its close, in 1867 and retiring to needed rest, after his long period of intense activity, with his health irretrievably shattered. It has been said by a very compe- tent observer and judge that " the services he rendered his State during the Rebellion were excessively arduous, exacting and untiring, and all were performed with notable unselfishness and a patriotic devotion to the public weal." After his resignation Mr. Slifer passed nearly a year in Europe, going on a government ves- sel, by invitation of the national authorities. Since then he has lived in partial retirement upon liis farm, near Lewisburgh. As a rule, he has not participated actively in poli- tical matters, though retaining a warm inter- est in watchino; the contest for the mainten- ance of the same general principles which he labored zealously to advance in former years, and in several campaigns, at tlie solicitation of his friends, he has, in public speech and other- M'ise, expressed his convictions and used his strong influence for their success. He has 1292 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. been tliroualiout his career a man of rare nnob- trusivness, never seeking ofBce, and only ac- cepting the high positions he has filled when, in the natural order of events, they were offered to him. Mr. Slifer was married, in 1840, to Catha- rine Frick, a sister of his old business partner. There were born to them eight children, of whom three are deceased. John Frick Slifer, the first-born, died in infancy. William and John were both accidentally killed, the former in maturity, leaving a family, and the latter when of tender years. Of the children living, the two sons, Samuel Harley and Eli Slifer, are engaged in the sale of agricultural implements at Indianapolis, Ind. ; Catharine is the wife of Andrew H. Dill, Esq., of Lewisburgh ; Clara, the wife of Robert Green, of Muncy ; and Anna Frick, the wife of William Walls, of Lewisburgh. JOHN W. SHAFFER. John W. Shaffer was born in Kelly township February 18, 1842, and received a common- .school education and worked on the farm until 1867, when he moved to Lewisburgh and en- tered the shops of the Central Manufacturing Company to learn the business of a machinist. After a few years he became an employe of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad Company as a fireman, and continued until 1875. This oc- cupation did not, however, promise to him the advancement he desired and which every man feels is due to his family. He sought a more promising line of business and opened a cloth- ing-store on Market Street, in Lewisburgh, which he still continues. In 1877, he added a tailoring department to his liusiness, of which the citizens have sliown tlieir approval by a liberal patronage. On the 8th of December, 1864, he married Ano-eline Schrack, dauiihter of David Schrack, of East Buffalo township. The ancestors of Mr. Shaffer were from Ger- many, and his grandfather, John Shaffer, was. a native of Allen township, Northampton County, where he grew to manhood and married. In 1833, with his wife and family, consisting of five sons and one daughter, he came to Kelly town- ship and purchased the farm now owned by David Heinly. After several years he moved to Maryland, and later to Stephenson County, 111. Of his children, Abraham remained in the county. He was born April 28, 1815, and, January 11,1838, married Elizabeth, the daugh- ter of John Hummel, of Union County. They settled on a farm given to his wife by her father, which is now owned by their son, John W. Shaffer. CHAPTER VI. BUFFALO TOWNSHIP.l Ax angle of Buffalo township extends to the borough of Lewisburgh. The line between Buffalo and East Buffalo extends from where the borough line intersects the road to Buffalo Cross Roads nearly due west. George Derr, when he sold to Lyman, moved to the mill (Shriner's) and built a frame house, \vhich was torn down to be replaced by the brick house of Joseph W. Shriner. GENEALOGY OF LUDWIG DEER'S FAMILY. Ludwig Derr, died October, 1785. Catherine , died 1786. George Derr, died February, 1829, aged 67. Fanny Yentzer, died February 15, 1842, aged 72. 1. Catlierine, married William Davis; 5 cliildren. 2. Ludwig Derr (died June 17, 1862, aged 71) married Charlotte Stoner (died February 8, 1875, aged — ) ; 5 children. 3. George Derr, died unmarried, February 5, 1829, aged 67. 4. Susanna Derr, died unmarried. 5. Henry Derr, died unmarried. 6. Jacob Derr, married Isabella Hunter ; 12 chil- dren ; died August, 1873, aged 73. 7. John ' Derr, married Sarah McFaddin ; 4 daughters ; died February 1, 1869, aged 72. 8. Frar;ces nuu-ried Hugh McLaughlin; 1 son, George X. McLaughlin ; died February 9, 1871, aged 66. 9. Benjamin Derr, died, unmarried, November 11, ISO 2. aged 56. 10. Elizabeth Derr, married William Shriner; 2 children ; died September 26, 1862, aged 43. 11. Joseph Derr, married Mary Jane Kremer ; 12 children ; died July 21, 1885, aged 54. ' By J. Merrill Liun, Esq. ^"^^''^iy&.n^So^taiuI^^ ^^ UNION COUNTY. 1293 1 child, 11 grandchildren, 41 great-grandchil- dren and 50 great-great-grandchildren,- — to- tal, 103. George Derr owned the Hodiiot and ]\Iichael Green tracts ; dying, he made a will, dividinghis property into eight tracts, one of which, the mill-seat, went to three of the children. ( Jen- eral Abbott Greeu bought it of them, built the miller's brick house, and there Josejjh Green went to live when first married. Samuel Wolfe bought it of Green in 1838, and Joseph W. Shriner of the heirs of Samuel Wolfe, in whose possession it now is. If any one crosses the iron bridge and looks down into the creek, he will see the frame-work of the dam, and to the left, on the north side, the site, the head and tail- race of High's mill, the first iu the county. It was abandoned somewhere in 1813, when George Derr built the present mill, which was near the site of the old Van Gundy mill, which can yet be seen opposite George Derr's barn. In repairing the mill, some years ago, Mr. Shriner found an old burr mill-stone, with the date of 1778 carved upon it — no doubt the date of Gundy's mill. Next above the Hodnot was the Bremer tract, mentioned in East Buffalo. Here lived Hugh Wilson, who died October 9, 18-1.5, at the age of eighty-four. < Hugh Wilson moved to this valley from Northamp- ton County, and got here a few days before Christ- mas, 1790. Lived the winter of 1790-91 in an old cabin on his father-in-law's (William Irvine, Irish) place, in Buffalo ; then kept tavern for two years, one mile above Miffliuburg (late John Kleckner's). In the latter part of March, 1793, moved to a place owned by Colonel Hartley, one-fourth of a mile east of Hartleton, on the old road (late Yeager's), where he lived five years, and in the spring of 1798 moved to Lewisburgh, where he kept store in a log building, formerly Thomas Caldwell's (which stood where Dr. F. C. Harrison's house now is), until 1804, when he was succeeded by William Hayes, and then moved on to his farm, one mile west of Lewisburgh, where he died, lacking twelve days of eighty-five years of age. His children were Dr. Wm. I. Wilson (of Potter's Mills), Mrs. William C. Steadman, Francis Wilson and Mrs. James F. Linn. All the surveys along the creek, beginning with the Hodnot (the Derr place), were sur- veyed in August, 1769, and, in fact, the surveys of this whole township were early made, the date of the warrant being the 3d of April. Ludwig Derr bought the Hodnot survey of John Coxe, of Philadelphia, in June, 1772, for one hun- dred and seventy-five pounds. Joseph Seips settled on the David Henning place in 1773, and James Fleming on the Dale place the same year, erected a cabin and cleared four or five acres, which he cultivated and had in possession until sold to Samuel Dale. Here originated a famous lawsuit. Dale built a good square dou- ble log barn on the premises, costing about twelve hundred dollars. Fleming afterwards moved higher up the stream. Thomas Rees became the owner of the Thomas Foster tract, and October 24, 1800, sold to William Gray for three hundred and seventy pounds. This same place David Henning sold to William Cameron Henning. William McCandlish, Sr., came from North Britain in 1774 and settled on the place John Lesher's family owns. McCandlish died in the fall of 1783, and it was sold in 1784, to Andrew Billmeyer, the grandfather of Philip, as also of John Lesher. It was licensed as a tavern at August sessions, 1786. Billmeyer sold it. May 21, 1812, to Philip Gebhart, and it long re- mained the residence of his widow. By various conveyances it has come back into the family. An old burial-place on the premises has the dust of the ancestors, not quite yet plowed over. It was the j)Iace of rendezvous for the people of the lower end of the valley during the troubles of 1776-78. In the summer of 1873 John Lesher tore down the old house. On taking off the weather-boards a log building of forty-four feet square was disclosed. In the logs were marks of arrows and many bullet-holes. Be- tween the flooring he found a shingle on which was written : " James Taler ; built 1775," the name of the carpenter, as McCandlish was the owner. Andrew Billmeyer kept a tavern here, and it was a noted place for gatherings. On the 14th]of January, 1777, the Committee of Safety met at McCandlish's, and frequently thereafter during that summer. In the absence of settled government, this committee looked after the general safety of the community. To this place Allison betook himself when the 1294 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Indians raced him from the place where the Samples were murdered. In September 1788 the election-place of Buifalo was changed from Fought's, which is also the Rocky mill-site, by another name. In 1794 Captain Robert Cooke's company, from Lancaster, during the Whiskey Insurrection arrived at Billmeyer's, where a pole had been erected. But the report of the advancing troops got there before they did, and the pole was cut down and hidden. The soldiers could not find it, and took their revenge in drinking up all the whiskey and eating everything in the house, leaving word that Uncle Sam would pay the bill. The road from Kephart's, across to the pike at \V. L. Harris', was laid out in 1805 by Hugh Wilson, Daniel Rees and John Brice. On the next farm above, now belonging to the Cameron estate, lived David Stoi'ms. In 1781 he was outside of the house at work, and his two daughters were engaged in spinning. He saw the Indians and ran into the house. They knocked the door in and scalped him. The girls ran up-stairs into different rooms. The one closed the door ; the other got behind the open door. They killed the one, and an Indian look- ing in to the other, seeing no one, went down- stairs. She watched them from the window, and thinking they saw her, she fainted. They did not return. In February, 1769, Maclay surveyed the Bremer tract, and notes in his field-book the fine spring at the Cameron farm, and next above the late Andrew Wolfe's. Henry Vandyke lived at the Jackson Rishel place, dying in 1784. He came from Hanover township, Lancaster County, and left a widow, Elizabeth, and six children, — Lambert, John, Sarah, Hannah, Mary and Elizabeth. But out along the road to Hoifa's mill, be- yond Rishel's stone house, stood the old log house of Captain John Forster, mentioned in Brady's memoirs. He left a widow, Jane. Charles Hall, Esq., built that stone house just mentioned. Captain Foster's first son, James, afterwards married a daughter of William Clark, to whom he willed the old place. James moved to Ohio. His son John, who lived in Brush Valley, was the father of Mrs. William C. Duncan, of Lewisburgh. Second son, William, a bachelor, said to be the first white child born in the valley. Third, John Foster, so long a partner of James Duncan, at Aaronsburg (descendants, — Sarah, married to William Vanvalzah ; Emeline, to S. S. Barber ; Margaret, to Dr. Charles Wilson ; Jane, to R. B. Barker, Esq.) Fourth, daughters, — Agnes, Margaret and Dorcas. From his blood came many a gallant soldier and officer for the wars of his country — in 1812, the Mexican and the late Rebellion. He died in 1786. In 1804 Abel Owen lived near Rengler's. He was a lame man, but could whip any man in the county. BUFFALO CROSS-ROADS. Dr. Robert Vanvalzah, the progenitor of the large and distinguished family, came to the valley in 1786 and settled at Buffalo Cross-Roads in 1796, and died April, 18, 1850, at the age of eighty-five years. (See medical chapter). 1799, George Frederick started the first hotel. He and his brother were the first settlers at that point, and a hotel was kept there continuously until 1831, when James McCreight bought it. General Baldy, Andrew and Philip Reedy, John Taggart, Robert Young and Haas, were successive keepers. Andrew Reedy built the stone house W. T. Linn lives in the same year the stone church was built, in 1816. The road between Driesbach's Church and the Buffalo Cross-Roads was laid out in 1795. Just where the wooden kitchen of W. T. Linn's house is stood a shop where Alexander Graham commenced business. He began with a pack, and even in the shop he had about as much as would heap up a wheel-barrow, perhaps. James McCreight commenced in 1831, and kept a store continuously until his death, June 30, 1862. Levi and Benjamin Hauck succeeded, and they by W. T. Linn & Co., and then J. O. Glover. 1807. June 27, John Sierer and wife and Christophei- Baldy and wife conveyed two acres one huudred and ten perches of the Heury Sees tract to John Kaufman and John Reugler, trustees of a high German school, to be erected UNION COUNTY. 1295 on the place and kept for that purpose forever. One of those peculiar erections, with a school- room on one side and the living-room of the schoolmaster on the other stood there until lately. John Betz and his handsome wife lived there until their death. A new brick school- house was erected and, under an act of the Legislature, part of the land was sold and the money invested. James McCreight was the first postmaster (in 1831), and was succeeded by the successive store-keepers. It is four miles west of Lewisburg, and the village contains about one hundred inhabitants. William Irvine, died November 18, 1795. His place was the " Thomas Wilson " warrantee tract, about a mile above Eengler's mill, adjoining the John Beatty, Wendell Baker, James Magee and John Sierer, two hundred and sixtj' acres ; ninety cleared. It was sold by his executors, on 4th May, 1798, to I'eter Dunkle, for fifteen hundred dollars. William Irvine came into the valley probably in the year 1774, when he patented the tract. He is marked on the assessments William Irvine (Irish), to distinguish him from William Irwin, Esq., who is marked as "late of Carlisle." His wife was an Armstrong, connected with the family at Carlisle, and his eldest daughter, Catherine (afterwards Cathe- rine Wilson), was born November 16, 1758. He served during the French-Indian War, 1754-63. John B. Linn has his powder horn, on which are etched the stations between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, to Fort Stanwix and Crown Point, the plan of Fort Duquesne, the English insignia Honi soit qui mal, Indians with scalping-knives, etc. With the runaway of 1779, he removed his family to Cumberland County. The spring served as a hiding-place for many things, and a griddle, now in possession of J. M. Linn, still shows some rust-holes gotten there. His wife died near Carlisle, and he returned to his place in the valley, accompanied by his daughter Catherine, and from her have come down many incidents of the hardships endured by the early settlers. When alarmed by incursions of the Indians, they rendezvoused at McCandlish's (now John Lesher's). Once, when on a fliglit, the quick ear of the father ■caught the report of a bush cracking behind them. He pushed her behind a tree and cocked his rifle, but it was only a deer running by. Once they were pursued so close, they had to leave a cow with a calf only a few days old. He pushed down the fence so that she could get into the meadow, and they then fled for their lives. Later in life he married Jane Forster, daughter of John. She died in 1824, aged eighty-four, and is buried in the Lewis grave-yard. His children ■ware, 1, Catherine, married to Hugh Wilson, father of Dr. W. I. Wilson, Francis (who died Febru- ary 15, 1873), Mrs. James F. Linn, Mrs. William Stedman ; 2, Elizabeth, married to William Love ; 3, Nancy, to AVilliani Milford (the latter took a boat-load of produce to New Orleans, in 1809, and was never heard of afterward ; his wife survived him forty-one years) ; 4, Mary, mai-ried to James McClel- lan, Esq. ; 5, Sarah, married to Walter Charters. Wil- .liam Irvine's father's name was Andrew, of Ferma- nagh, Ireland. John, Matthew and Thomas, of Phil- adelphia, frequently mentioned in Pennsylvania Archives in connection with the purchase of ships for the navy and powder for the Continental army, were William's cousins, as were also General William Irvine, of the Pennsylvania Line; Matthew, the celebrated surgeon of Lee's Legion ; and Andrew, who survived so many wounds received at Paoli. Near the Union Church lived Jacob Stahl, who was the wagon-maker of the day. People came from far and near to get wagons there. ]Mendel Baker, the ancestor, landed in Phila- delphia September 27, 1749. The second bought of Samuel Maclay the George Calhoun tract, and moved into the valley from York County in 1772. He had a saw-mill about a half mile east of Cowan, in 1789 ; afterwards a fulling-mill and store, and carried on an exten- sive and varied business, and died in 1814. In 1775 he is assessed with twenty acres, two horses, two cows and one sheep. This place you will see as you turn to your right at Beaver Run. He left John, Jacob, Mrs. Mathias Als- pach ; grandchildren, John and Ann Mizener. COWAN. Adam Wagoner built a mill on Rapid Run, Cowan, which was burned, and the site pur- chased by Jacob Baker and rebuilt in 1828, and it burned for him at one o'clock in the morning — mill, saw-mill and miller's house — the family barely escaping. He died soon afterwards, and his daughter Elizabeth got this for her portion. Her brother-in-law, Jacob Rengler, built the tiiirdmill in 1830 — saw-mill, miller's house and the brick house and bank-barn across the creek, on the Vouieda farm. But in the fall of 1836 Rengler sold to Daniel Guldiu for thirteen thousand three hundred dollars, and next year went to Belleville, 111. In 1851 Guldin sold the mill to Young & Spigelmyer for ten thou- sand dollars. In 1863 Martin Rudy and G. W. Himmelreich bought the mill property. In a 1296 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. few years Rudy bought Himmelreich's interest, and sold the property to Mussina, Heiser & Co., togetlier with the store, property and stock, for twenty-one thousand five hundred dollars. Rudy came to Union Count}' in 1830, and began mer- chandizing in 1850. In 1848 S. L. Shoemaker bought two acres oif of the Steans farm and erected the first store-room at Cowan. This Rudy bought. Mussina, Wolfe & Co. built a new store-room where the old warehouse stood. An old school-house, called Steau's, stood where Himmelreich's store now is. A new one was built of brick, between that and the bridge, in 1835, after the adoption of the school system by Buffalo. The third and present one was built about 1870. This place was called at one time Farmersville, and when established as a post- office, in Senator Cowan's time, it took his name. It is seven miles due west from Lewis- burgh and three north of Mifflinburg. Popu- lation, one hundred and eighteen. Daily stage communication with Lewisburgh, and also by telephone. VICKSBUEG. Vicksburg is a small town situated in the heart of Buffalo A^alley, and is traversed by the Lewisburgh and Tyrone Railroad. Its popula- tion is about one hundred and twenty-five inhab- itants. Among the oldest houses in the town is the hotel which was built in the year 1860 by Charles Driesbach ; the store of J. S. Rauden- bush ranks second, and was built in 1865. The town received its name from J. S. Raudenbush, who called a meeting in September, 1865, and called it by its present name. He also, at the same time, made application for a post-office, which was granted to him a short time after. Mr. Raudenbush is now one of the leading citi- zens and most prominent business men in the town ; he owns the large grain-house, which was built in 1872, where he now carries on a large and extensive grain business. There is an old house only a short distance from the town, which still bears the marks of Indian violence upon the early settlers in this section of many years ago. Addison Baker laid out lots on the north side of the Pike in 1885. An account of the officers' surveys by which lands were taken in a body, and of their distri- bution and sale has been given in another place, as also of the Driesbach Church. Within siof. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rengler united with the Lutheran Church shortly after their marriage, and have since maintained their membership within its folds, now belonging to and attending the Union Church at Boyertown, their home. ^Vhen the Union was engaged in the dread- ful struggle against slavery, Mr. Rengler gave liberally of his means to help the good fight until the end. In politics he is a Republican, but has never aspired to political preferment, and, although various offices have been proffered him, he has always declined, being desirous of attending to his farming interests more closely than could possibly be done had his time been taken up with politics. An honest and upright man, he merits and receives the respect of his neighboi's and fellow-citizens far and near. JOHN N. PONTIUS. John Frederick Pontius came from Germany before the Revolution, and settled in Berks County, Pa. His son, John Nicholas, was born there in 1749 and became interested in the War of the Revolution, nobly serving his coun- try through those troublous times under several different counuanders. He married Maria Ap- polonia Wilhelm, February, 1778, and had nine children, — Jacob Adam, .lohn Frederick, Conrad, Elizabeth (married Samuel Geddes), Catharine (married George Hassinger), Susan (married .lohn Wormley) and two others. He died in 1831, surviving his wife, M'ho died in 1813. The father of our subject was born in Buffalo township, in 1788, and was one of the most val- ued citizens. He was colonel of militia many years ; served a long period as school director, and was one of the board of managers of the Lewisburgh and Mifllintown Turnpike for thirty years. He early joined the German Re- formed Church and acted as elder therein about twenty years. On September 11, 1832, he was married to Mary Ann Larrabee, whose father, Dr. .John Larrabee, emigrated from Connec- ticut, settled at Mililinburg, and practiced medicine several years. He afterwards moved West and was drowned in the Ohio River. UNION COUNTY. 1305 Mrs. Larrabee died August 18, 1877, having reached the great age of ninety-two j'ears. Colo- nel J. F. Pontius and his wife, Mary Ann, had issue as follows: John N., born June 17, 1833; Mary M. A. C, Amelia Caroline, born March 20, 1841, died March 23, 1869; Frederick Ephraim, born November 7, 1846, died August 20, 1881 ; and Susan M. He died June 17, 1869, aged nearly eighty-one years, being followed by his widow seven years after. section of the State. Their children were Elias, Josepli, John, Thomas, Samuel, Catharine, Polly and George. George Dreisbaeh (born September 2, 1808) married Harriet Bogar (born September 11, 1815) on April 17, 1832, and had issue, — Mary C, Sarah J., born January 24, 1836, married John X. Pontius; Harriet S., George C. and Eliza E. (twins) ; and Martha E. George Dreisbaeh was a highly respected and valued citizen, proniinentlv identified with reliy-ious and educational matters until his uu- John N. Pontius was married to ]\Iiss Sarah Jane Dreisbaeh, September 25, 1862, by Rev. A. B. Casper, and the family properly claims pioneer influence through both the participants in this ceremony, Mrs. Pontius' grandfather, John Dreisbaeh (one of the sons of Martin Dreisbaeh, the founder of the Dreisbaeh Church), who married Catharine Youngman, daughter of the founder of Youngmanstown (now Mifflin- burg) being one of the earliest settlers in this timely decease. He was a justice of the peace many years, and his relations with the people were always pleasant and appreciated. His sudden death on May 6, 1865, was deeply lamented by a wide circle of friends, and an un- usually large number attended the funeral cere- monies. To bless the union of John N. Pontius and Sarah J. Dreisbaeh the following children were given, viz. : Mary S., born Sunday, August ] 6, 13U6 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1863 ; Nevin D., born April 17, 1868. Recog- nizing the immense value of a liberal education, Mr. and Mrs. Pontius early determined their children should be given all the advantages their abundant means would allow, and, in ac- cordance therewith, placed Miss Mary S. at the Allentowu Female College to obtain the benefits of instruction and care aiforded at this well- known and popular institution. That the young lady jjrofited to the full is evinced by the fact that she was graduated second in class of 1884, a year when the class was larger and ranked higher than for many years. The son, Nevin D., was, after a careful consideration of the merits of various institutions of learning, placed at the Alma Mater of so many bright lights of this commonwealth, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., where he is at this writing, engaged in the pursuance of his studies. In religious connections the family have always been sincere members of the German Reformed Church, while in politics they are strongly Democratic. Mr. Pontius is one of the bciard of managers of the Lewisburgh and Mifflintowu Turnpike Co., and gives his advice and counsel for the best interests of that corporation. He received a common school education and then entered upon the occupation of his forefathers — farming. Through long years of toil he has prospered and always holds a helping hand to the needy, though frequently to his own loss. He aiFords an example to all — good, honest and reliable, and it is always said of him " his word is as good as a note." The beautiful home is situated in the famed Buffalo Valley, seven and a half miles from Lewisburgh and one and a half miles from Mifflinburg, at the junction of the Lewisburgh and Mifflinburg pike and the direct road from New Berlin, surrounded by over two hundred and ninety acres of productive land, and every- thing needed to make home pleasant and family happy is found within its hospitable walls. GKORGE. W. IIIMMELKEICH. Our subject was Ixn-n February 8, 1834, in Limestone township, Union County, the second son of Peter and Elizabeth (Charles) Himmelreich, whose father came from (Jerniany in the eighteenth century, and settled in Buffalo township. Union County. The grandmother was a Withington, one of whom came from England at an early date to this county, and carried on a successful business as clock-maker, at Mifflinburg, under style of Withington & Son, for many years. Captain Peter Withing- ton was one of the heroes of the Revolution, having a company in the Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment of Continental Line. He died in 1777. Peter Himmelreich was the father of eleven children — Mary married William Nagel ; Sa- rah married Simon Smith ; James C. married Jane Cornelius ; Margaret ; George W. (our subject); John; Ann Caroline married Jacob Rengler ; Samuel H. married j\Iary A. Rockey ; William D. ; Peter W. married Nellie Right- meyer ; Thompson Linn married Lucy Louisa Drake. When George W. was six weeks old his parents moved to Kelly township, and there he received his education. On reaching his six- teenth year he became a clerk in the general store of Lewis Spotts, at Kelly Cross-Roads, at three dollars per month the first year, and six dollars per month the remainder of the twenty months during which he remained. His parents removing to Buifalo township caused a severance of this connection, but he soon made an arrange- ment and entered the store of iMartin Rudy, Cowan, at nine dollars per month. His services were appreciated, and each year brought an in- crease of salary thus — nine, twelve, fifteen, eighteen and twenty dollars per month. When twenty-two years old his character was fully established, and he accepted an offer of partner- ship made by his employer, the firm becoming Rudy & Himmelreich. After attaining his majority he commenced saving, and on entering business for himself had two hundred and forty dollars, which sum it was agreed should be de- voted to the payment of interest on his half- share of the store until paid for out of the profits. The firm was successful, and it con- tinued ten years, when, on September 20, 1866, Mr. Himmelreich purchased his partner's inter- est and began a career which has produced ad- mirable results. Believing in the policy of ex- UNION COUNTY. 1307 teusion, he decided to branch out, and in the spring of 1875 bought a business at Forest Hill, this county, which he placed in charge of a tried employe. In the spring of 1881 he bought out a store at Boyertovvn, Union County, and plac- ing it under competent control, has united the three stores in an excellent system. By careful supervision they have progressed to an unusual extent, and recognition as a valuable and pro- gressive business man is awarded Mr. Himmel- reich on all sides. The Slears are also of German origin, the grandfather of Mrs. Himmelreich (Charles Slear) leaving the Fatherland and settling in Berks County, Pa., soon after the Revolution. Thence he removed to Dry Valley, Union County, in 1800. His wife, Mary (Hummel), bore him six boys and two girls, of whom George was the fourth boy, born in Berks Co. in 1794. George Slear followed the example set by his father, and was a farmer of prominence, as is seen by the fact that he filled various positions £, The coiuity has reason to be proud of| this able son, and we place him before posterity i as an example worthy emulation. Married, on November 10, 1864, by Rev. Daniel Klose, to Miss Elizabeth Slear, their union has been happy and blessed with the following children : Mary Elizabeth, born January 27, 186(3; Laura Verda, born July 28, 1867 ; ^Margaret Essie, born October 29, 1870 ; Willie, born October 17, 1871, died September 12, 1872 ; Sarah Car- oline, born August 26, 1873. before the people, among them being supervisor for seven years. He was thrice married — first, to Hannah Kauffman, who bore him Daniel, Esther, Peter and Margaret ; second, to Sophia Miller, and had Charles, George and William ; third, to Elizabeth (daughter of James Barklow), who bore him Elizabeth (married George W. Himmelreich), Hannah (married General Dan- iel Heckman, of Sugar Valley, Clinton County), Mary Catharine (married Samuel F. Miller) and James (married Catharine Smith). 1308 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA. Mrs. Hiramelreich united with the Evangel- ical Lutheran Church May 17, 1851, and Mr. Himmelreich on October 13, 1853, and the chil- dren have also been accepted to membership. Since the organization of tlieir church thev have been the choir-leaders, and one of the daughters is the esteemed organist. For several years Mr. Himmelreich acted as trustee, but resigned to give fuller attention to the choir. He has studiously avoided politics, and al- though elected and serving as county auditor two years, it was during his absence the nomi- nation was made. He has been prominently mentioned for associate judge, but preferring to see after business interests, has invariably de- clined the honor. In June, 1872, a number of gentlemen es- tablished the Mifflinburg Bank at that place, and Mr. Himmelreich was elected one of the directors, and his connection and advice have proved so valuable that he has ever since then continued in such ofiSce. JOSEPH W. SHRINEK. The ancestors of Mr. Shriner came from Germany eai'ly in the eighteenth century, and settled in Lancaster County, Pa. His grand- father, John Shriner, moved to Northumber- land, Pa., and died about 1830. His wife, whose family name was Cast, died a few years after, having borne him seven children, — Dan- iel, who married Catharine Funston, had six children ; Sarah, who married Samuel Har- mony, and bore seven children ; John, who married Elizabeth Pardoe, and had nine chil- dren; Catharine, who married Captain James Lee, and bore three children (one of whom. Colonel Arthur T. Lee, was one of those men, brave, tender, true and cultivated, who shed lustre upon their race and honor upon their country. An accomplished artist and poet, he yet gave his talents to the army, and obtained dis- tinction there by force of merit, as he would have done had he chosen the less martial, but more valuable, field of letters. He served his coun- try throughout the Mexican War, the Seminole Indian troubles in Florida, the Texas border warfare and the Rebellion ; was wounded at Gettysburg, and on that bloody field was given his colonelcy for distinguished bravery. Col- onel Lee was governor of the Soldiers' Home, Washington, D. C, several years, and enjoyed, for a long period, the friendship) of General Simon Cameron and Colonel J. W. Forney, both of Pennsylvania. He died at Rochester, N. Y., fall of 1879 ; Mary, who married John Babb, and had six children ; Samuel, born May 1, 1798, married on May 9, 1818, to Ann Wheeler (born Ai^ril 13, 1799), who bore liim six children : William Babb, married, 1st, Elizabeth Derr, and, 2d, Caroline Gute- lius, and had issue two children (he died September 26, 1862); Sarah Jane, died in in- fancy; Charles H., married, 1st, Mary Derr, who bore him three children ; 2d, Elizabeth Foster, who bore him seven children ; 3d, Eliza- beth Van Valzah ; 4th, Elizabeth Achenbach, who has borne him two children. Hon. C. H. Shriner was one of the most prominent poli- ticians of his day ; served as elector on the Lin- coln ticket (second term), and was collector of this district during Lincoln's and Johnson's terms. They moved West in 1875, and now live at Dixon, 111. ; Joseph Wheeler, subject of this sketch ; Caroline Matilda, died in infancy ; Samuel, born October 9, 1828, died January 17, 1868. Samuel, the father of these children, died August 9, 1828, aged thirty years, his widow surviving him until December 2, 1857, when she, too, passed away. Mrs. J. W. Shriner's ancestry is traced back to the "Fatherland " also, they settling in what is now Union County at an early date. Her father, Abraham Kremer, born 1790, married Elizabeth, daughter of William and Frances Whitaker, :ind had thirteen children, — Mary Jane, who married J. Y. Derr, and bore eleven children ; Frances, who married James S. Marsh; Charles K., wlio married Anna Hawthorn, and have two children ; Edgar, married, first, Le- titia Davis, and, second, a Southern lady (now resides in Maryland); Mary Julia, married Daniel Rank, and has borne one child ; Wil- liam; John, married Emma Eyer, and has two children ; Frederick ; Harry, married Nellie Cameron, and has one child ; Elizabeth, born UNION COUNTY. 1309 December 4, 1824, married J. W. Shriuer (heretofore mentioned) ; Julia, married G. W. Forrest, and had issue thi'ee children ; Joseph A., married Sarah Lawshe ; John K., married IMargaret Beaver, and has seven children. Joseph Wheeler Shriuer, born November 12, 1824, was deprived of a father's guidance at the age of four years, and early gave evidence of a sterling character. In his sixteenth year he became steward of a packet-boat running on accepted, becoming an equal partner, in 1851, under style of Geddes, Marsh & Co. This combination proved efficient, and they under- took the manufacture of agricultural imple- ments, in which they acquired a great success, introducing the first reapers and drills seen in this section. "What crowds would gather to witness the operation of those crude imple- ments!" says Mr. Shriner, whose entire atten- tion was given to their outside business some the Susquehanna. After three years of such life, he entered the flonring-mill of the late Samuel Wolfe, to learn the business, on the acquisition of which, for reasons of health, he went into the foundry of Geddes & IMarsh, Lewisburgh. The first few years, his time was spent on the road, selling the stoves made by this firm, and his success was so marked that offers of partnership were made him by seve- ral manufacturing companies ; also by Messrs. Geddes & Marsh. The latter proposition he ten years, during which he was largely instru- mental in the erection of the Dry Valley Fur- nace at Winfield, Union County, and at the expiration of which time a new company was formed to make the celebrated Buckeye Reaper and ]\Iower. In 1860 such was organized under title of Slifer, AValls, Shriner & Co., which M'as incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania in 1865, and had a highly suc- cessful career. In 1870 Air. Shriner withdrew, and returned 1310 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. to his first love, having, in the mean time, pur- chased his old training-school, the Wolfe mill, and bought other properties near by, where he had been making a home for several years. During the last fifteen years he has given close attention to the Lewisburgh water-mills and has attained an enviable reputation for his product. Always prompt to recognize improve- ments in machinery, he was the first miller in Central Pennsylvania to adopt the middlings purifier, brushing-machine, flexible driver, etc., and has given much time to the search for im- provements, also in experiments, to a certain end — i. e., the taking bran from wheat before grinding, he being firmly convinced of its feasi- bility, and believing the discoverer of such sys- tem as shall render it jjossible will revolutionize this immense industry and reap a vast fortune. For several years his attention was partially turned to lumbering in Clearfield County, and large quantities of square timber were cut and marketed after rafting down the Susquehanna. Shortly after attaining his majority Mr. Shriner was made a INIason and on February 28, 1856, received the honors of knighthood in St. John's Commandery, No. 4, then held at Carlisle. At that date there were but four com- manderies in Pennsylvania; he was one of the founders of Crusade Commandery, No. 12, at Bloomsburg, latter part of 185C, and still holds membei'ship there. He claims the distinction of being the oldest Sir Knight in Northwestern Pennsylvania, and continues an active member of Charity Lodge, No. 144, Lewisburgh. He was one of the organizers of the State Board of Agriculture in 1877 and served as member from Union County seven years, part of the time being one of the executive committee. In poli- tics he has been a Republican since the war, M'hile in religious convictions the entire family is Methodist, Mr. and Mrs. Shriner having joined that church nearly fifty years ago. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Kremer on March 2."3, 1848 ; their union has been blessed with the following-named children: Anna Frances, Mary Elizabeth, Charles Kremer, Williani, all of whom deceased in early youth; Thomas Bowman, born June 7, 18()0, mar- ried Grace, daughter of John (jood, Williams- port; Sarah J., born June 7, 1860, married Rev. J. W. Rue, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Central Pennsylvania Conference, and has borne Elizabeth Shriner, Margaret Ma}', Mary Ethel and Florence Irene; Margaret Kre- mer; Harold Wheeler, (died in childhood) and Clara May. Their beautiful home, surrounded by some sixty acres, located one-quarter of a mile from Lewisburgh, shows the prevailing charac- teristics throughout. In the immediate future part of this estate will be laid out into two hundred town-lots in order to open up for suburban residences a section which will be readily accepted because of its hajidsome situa- tion. His early struggles gave Mr. Shriner a strong regard for youth and energy, and he has largely assisted young men since ability became his, and to such extent as to seriousl}' affect his financial means on different occasions ; but, con- fident in self and happy in fiimily, his life rolls on towards a completed manhood, attained by honest and earnest endeavor to perform the Golden Rule as first laid down. CHAPTER VII. JEAST BUFFALO TOWNSHIP.' The formation of the township will be found in the account of the erection of the county. The tract of land known as the Thomas Lowry was surveyed on order No. 266, 2d of August, 1769. This embraces the lands around the mouth of Turtle Creek. This was the name of the creek even before 1769. It is laid out by that name in Scull's map of 1770. John Wil- son lived here in that year. He had some sort of a mill there in 1771, and died there in 1772 or 1774, probably the former. John Aurand bought the premises on the 3d of October, 1772. He was born in Strass Ebersbad, near Heidelberg, Germany, September 25, 1725; died March 30, 1807 ; was, therefore, eighty- two vears old. His ancestors were originally French, driven into Holland by religious per- secution. He emigrated to America in 1757, ' By J. Merrill Linn, Esq. UNION COUNTY. 1311 lived at Maiden Creek, Tulpehocken, aud then removed to Union County.. His grave in the Dreishach yard is unmarked. His wife, Mary Elizabeth, died before him. His children were Henry, who lived and died in Snyder County ; Peter and Jacob lived in Reading ; Daniel, in Sunbury ; Rev. Dietrich, who died in Hunting- don County ; George Aurand, Esq., died July 18, 1850 ; Elizabeth, intermarried with Francis Zeller ; John, who died May, 1808 ; Abraham ; Mary, married to John Wolfe. 0H.^# Dr. Harbaugh, in his " Fathers of the Ger- man Reformed Church," states, upon authority of John Aurand, of Yellow Springs, Blair County, a grandson of John Aurand, that the latter built both flour and saw-mills at Turtle Creek. John Dietrich was born at Maiden Creek, November 7, 1760, enlisted in Colonel Stewart's regiment, Wayne's brigade, Pennsylvania Line, when eighteen years of age, and returned at the expiration of his service, in 1781. On the 7th of July, 1774, Robert Fruit and Thomas Hewitt, commissioners of the county, made a sworn valuation of the tract, as a grist- mill, two pair of stones, saw-mill, dwelling- house and Isarn, two hundred and twenty-eight -acres, at seven hundred pounds. Dietrich Aurand, who had followed milling at different places down the river, removed, with Ids family, into the valley, and settled on a farm on Turtle Creek, midway between its source and outlet, about five miles above Jenkins' mill. The farm he was on had a reserved water-right, and was given to him by his father, with the design that he should build a merchant mill on it, aud he intended so to do ; but the Hessian fly having proved very destructive to the wheat crops for upwards of ten years, he lost severely in purchases of wheat for the French, and lost by bailing ; so he could not build the mill, and had to sell aud remove to an adjoining farm in 1801. The following sketch, taken from Dr. Har- baugh's " Fathers," relates, of course, to the Re- formed portion of Dreisbach Church : " The Buffalo Church, now called Dreisbach, had, for some time, been in a very distracted condition, having the irregular attention of the irregular Pfrumer, called Frommer, but was, for the most jjart, closed entirely. The young men were growing up without adequate spiritual instruction, and the old members having passed through scenes of strife, had grown, to a great degree, indifferent. Seeing, how- ever, at length, that religious matters were tending in a bad way, they awoke and saw that something must be done. Reformed ministers being at that time few, and difficult to be secured, the}' thought they saw in Deitrich Aurand, who was still on his farm, a man who could be useful among them as a Reformed minister. About the beginning of the year 1801 the}' came together, and unanimously and very cor- dially agreed to call upon him to officiate as their minister, he having preached sermons to them giving the greatest satisfaction ; he agreed to accept the call. He was licensed by the brethren, but was not yet ordained or even licensed by the Synod. He be- gan, however, to catechise in the Dreisbach Church, and large numbers attended, whom he confirmed, baptizing such as had not been." On the 3d of May the Synod met at York, and a request was made by the congregations of Buffalo Valley and Xew Berlin for the ex- amination and ordination of Mr. Aurand. The matter, however, was deferred, principally at his own request, until he might improve him- self. He, however, continued to preach to the congregations of Buffalo Valley and New Ber- lin until his removal to Huntingdon County, in October, 1804, where he founded the congre- 1312 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. gation of Water Street. He died near there, on the 24th of April, 1831, aged seventy years, five months and sixteen days, and is buried in front of Ziou's Church, at Water Street. Abrara Auraud, Sr., lived in East Buffalo, on the head-waters of Turtle Creek ; died January 25, 1855, leaving two children, — Abram, Jr., who died and John, who died . Mrs. Sarah Ritter, the only child of Abram, lives on and owns the old place. The Jenkins family came originally from Wales, but James Jenkins, Sr., was latterly of London, near Drawbridge ; afterwards became a resident of the island of Madeira ; came to Philadelphia in 1773, and carried on business as merchant there, and purchased lands on the Susquehanna in 1775. He had four sons — William (who married Joacquine De Adraid, a Portuguese lady of Madeira, and, with his wife, lived with his mother at Turtle Creek, or Jen- kins' Mills, some time), Morgan, James and Richard — and two daughters, who died and were buried in Philadelphia. James was married to Sarah Smith, of Philadelphia, and brought her to Northumberland in Augnst, 1789. James, Sr., built the stone mill in 1779. James, Sr., died intestate, leaving a widow, Phtebe, who died in 1802. James and Morgan died intestate, Morgan without issue ; and on the 1st of April, 1794, James, Jr., and Richard made partition of the estate descending lineally from their father and collaterally from their brother Morgan, and James, Jr., obtained four tracts about the mouth of Turtle Creek, containing five hundred and fifty-nine and a half acres, which Morgan had in his lifetime bought of John Aurand, an island on the West Branch, opposite the lands which James Jen- kins had purchased of John Ijoudon, who had bought it of John Penn, Jr., and John Penn by deed on the 14th of May, 1785. James Jenkins associated himself with John Mason, of Blue Hill fame, keeping store first at Northumber- land, then removing it to Jenkins' Mills. The mill was originally built of stone, and in time of Indian troubles used as a fort, to which place the families in the neighborhood resorted in times of danger. On one occasion, wiieu the Indians were approaching, Mrs. Phrebe Jenkins lay very ill, at Turtle Creek, of typhus fever ; a bedstead with curtains was set up on a river- boat and Mrs. Jenkins was carried to it in blankets, in which she was taken to ]Middle- town ; the boat kept the middle of the river and the Indians shot arrows through the curtains from the shores. A tract on Limestone Run, two hundred acres, purchased of David Kenedy, and the tract in ]3ry Valley, in war- rantee name of James Jenkins, just west of the Sneagou three hundred and seventy-six acres, of the date of October 25, 1785. James died suddenly of pleurisy February 5, 1803, at the age of forty years. James, Sr., had built the brick house now occujiied by William Elliot in Northumberland, and when James, Jr., brought his wife there in a carriage from Philadelphia, the servant, when he opened the door of the carriage, said, " This is the first house we have seen since we left Philadelphia." James Jenkins left children, — Thomas, who died in South America ; Sarah, married to Ephraim Shannon, whose daughter married Colonel Alfred Kneass, and is deceased, and her only daughter married to A. O. Van Alen, of Northumberland, and she died August 2, 1882, who left a son, Alfred Jenkins Van Alen, who died on August 23, 1882 ; Elizabeth, married Thomas P. Bonham, and died in Illinois ; Mary, died September 26, 1881, at the age of ninety years; and Miss Harriet still lives at Northum- berland (1886), at the age of eighty-seven years, in the possession of all her faculties and unim- paired memory. The mill was rebuilt by Colo- nel Kneass in 1853-54; again remodeled to a roller-mill in 1882-83 ; and again remodeled by A. O. Van Alen in 1 884-85 ; and is now be- ing operated by the Turtle Creek Milling Com- pany, formed August 12, 1884. The firm is composed of the following gentlemen: A. O. Van Alen, Wm. B. Waples, of Northumber- land, and J. W. Zeller, of Lewisburgh, who is general manager. John McClung settled on the place west of the Gundy place called Hardscrabble, snrvcved in 1772, June 10th. In 1807 Mathias Mac- pherson bought that portion of the McClung place and sold off' the lots. McClung died in. UNION COUNTY. 1313 1787 ; his childreu were John, James, Mathew, Charles, Rebecca, Esther and Elizabeth. Following up the river above the Lowry tract of Turtle Creek, the next survey is Hannah Rees', surveyed August 4, 1769, one hundred and fifty-eight acres ; William Beale, surveyed same date, one hundred and forty-nine acres ; Thomas Lemon, June 10, 1771, two huudred and fifty- five acres; but immediately above that, James AVilsou, September 25, 1770, surveyed for John Lee thirty-eight acres at the Strohecker Land- ing, adjoining the proprietaries' tract (that became Lewisburgh),aud Wilson, in his " Field-Xotes," mentions that Ludwig Derr is living on the projjrietaries' tract. In 1773 Christian Vau Gundy is living here, and keeps a tavern and a ferry, and is this year recommended for a license. The remains of his house were dis- turbed by the railroad gang in 1854. This is the same Christian who appears in the lawsuits with Derr, and his recollections of the Sample murder by the Indians. William Irwin, John Kelly, Robert King, Jacob Grozean and Robert Derr were appointed viewers to lay out a road " from the fording be- tween Ludwig Derr's and John Aui-aud's mill through ButFalo Valley to the Narrows." They never reported, and at May sessions, 1774, Sam- uel Maclay, William Irwin, Henry Pontius, Christian Storms and William Gray were ap- pointed in their stead. They reported in Feb- ruary, 1775. But next lielow the Hardscrabble tract of McClung was the George Gall tract, two hun- dred and sixty-two acres, surveyed the 9th of October, 1769. Here William Speddy first makes his appearance somewhere in 1772. It is known as Treaster's, then Brown's, now Suj)- plee's Mill. At May term, 1773, Adam Christ brought an ejectment against Speddy. His pos- session under a Connecticut title did not avail, and he was ousted. He is assessed in 1775 with twenty-five acres, one horse and two cows. In December, 1776, he volunteered in Captain John Clarke's company, and served during the campaign of Trenton and Princeton. He lived there in 1778; is taxed in 1780 witli the tract, one horse and three cows. In 1782, with Lee and William Storms, he is assessor of Buffalo 83 township. His signature to the assessment is in a full, round, beautiful hand. In 1785 his name is dropped from the assessment. He re- moved to Lost Creek Valley, Juniata County, and died at Speddy's Gap, near McAlister- ville. It will be recollected that the Connecticut people, or Yankees, as they were called by the Pennamites, claimed under their charter the land as far south as the forty-first degree of latitude, which passes through the county a mile or more north of Lewisburgh. By the following memorandum, furnished by 0. N. Worden, Esq., which he found among the records of the Susquehanna Land Company, at Hartford, Conn., it appears that William Speddy (the elder) was their authorized agent to take and hold possession of land claimed by them in the valley : " 1771, William Speddy voted one ' selling right ' in Wyoming, for previous efibrts in holding possession in June, and for further intended efforts. " The following affidavit, in the handwriting of Wil- liam Maclay, found among the papers of the deputy surveyor's office of Union County, is the first notice of his appearance in Buffalo Valley. It is worthy of note in this connection, that, in deeds of this year (1772) for lands in our valley, special warrants were common " Against the claim of the inhabitants of New England." It appears (Votes of assembly, 177-3, page 492) that in June a large band of armed men from Connecticut appeared upon the West Branch, to dispossess the inhabitants, and were prevented. Speddy was the mere advanced skirmisher or picket : " Northumberland County, ss : " John Scott, of Northampton county, being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, de- posetli that the night before last, this deponent and his son and another man from Bucks county, lay in the woods near Buffaloe creek, and in the morning a certain William Speddy came to them and told them he supposed they were travelers and looking for lands to buy ; this deponent and company answered in the affirmative. He then desired them to take care how tliey purchased of Penu, unless they had likewise New England rights; this deponent answered that he would not give a copper for New England rights. He said this deponent might be mistaken in being too sure in depending on Penn's rights. That the New England people had more right than we thought for; he owned he stood by and saw Stuart shoot Og- den, and justified the action. Much more was said to nearly the same purpose by the said Speddy, who spoke with great violence, and would not bear any contradiction to what he asserted. "Sworn and subscribed the 17th June, 1772." William Speddy's name first appears " in a list of rioters in the fort at Wyoming, 1771, 1314 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. wlien Nathan Ogdeo was murdered," to use the language of Governor John Penn (John Peiui's proclamation, offering a reward of fifity pounds for the arrest of William Speddy, 9th of Felt- ruary, 1771). In Hugh Gaines' New York Ga- zette of November 14, 1771, there is a para- graph of Philadelphia news dated November 4, 1771, as follows : " At Supreme Court held here on Tuesday last, William Sjieddy was arraigned and tried for the murder of Lieutenant Nathan Ogdeu, who was shot from the block-house at Wyoming, whilst it was in possession of Lazar- us Stewart & Co. After a long and impartial hearing, the jury soon gave in a verdict of ' not guilty.'" Doctor Peck, in his " History of Wy- oming," notices him thus : " Another of these rioters, as they were called, was William Speddy. He was somewhat in years, and was called ' Old Speddy,' but his age could not abate the rigor of the Pennsylvania authorities, for they kept him in close confinement in Philadelphia for more than two years. How, where or precise- ly when Speddy was captured we are not able to say, but his final examination must have taken place some time in the year 1771. Mrs. Myers says when her sister Polly was two years old, and she was twelve, her mother was desired to go to Philadelphia as a witness in favor of Sped- dy, who was to be tried for the murder of Na- than Ogden. This journey Mrs. Bennett per- formed alone on horseback, a distance of one hundred and twenty miles, most of the way through the wilderness. When she reached Philadelphia she found that the court had ad- journed and she then made a visit to Goshen and attended to some business. When the trial came on she was present, and her testimony cleared Speddy. He was wasted away to a mere skel- eton. When he was discharged his joy and gratitude overleaped all bounds. He fell upon his knees before Mrs. Bennett and almost wor- shipped her. ' Get up, Speddy, ' she said, ' I have done no more than any one ought to dd for a fellow-creature.' He kissed her hand and bathed it with tears." This story of " Penn- sylvania rigor" is reduced in dimensions from two years probably to eight months, as no man was ever tried twice for the same murder in Pennsylvania ; and he was acquitted on the 4th of November, 1771, — long enough, however, for this old war hawk of New England rights, to be caged, to render him very grateful to Mrs. Bennett. As it is said the honey-bee precedes about fifty miles and heralds the advance of the white man into the wilderness, Sjjeddy was the honey- bee of New England civilization in Buffalo Valley. He chose for his residence the prettiest little dale in Buffalo Valley. Down the sweep of this beautiful little dale, just before you cross the brawling waters that come tumbling from the mill, may be yet seen the hearth-stones of Terrence Quinn, and this place was known as Quinn Valley, and the war- rant he laid for the land stretches down to the Ijorder of the township. At George Wolfe's, Smoketown, lived Adam Grove, one of the famous four brothers, who were famous in the annals of Indian warfare, — Wendell lived near the old Burges house ; Mi- chael lived on the back road to Mifilinburg, Buffalo township; Peter was commissioned lieutenant of the Rangers March 31, 1781, and disappears from our history early ; Adam lived afterwards on the plot of Murray Nesbit, to whose father Thomas Grove sold that lot in 1822. His son, Samuel, married a sister of the late Joseph Glass, and moved West, and this family became wealthy and influential at the bar and in other pursuits. A son, Wesley, starved in the rebel prisons. And up the northern slope of the Smoketown hill was the farm of Captain John Brady, — a long tract, which extends from Smoketown up to the place lately owned by John Schrack, Esq., now Frederick's, adjoining Smoketown or Mortons- ville. As far back as 1773, Japhet Morton brought an ejectment against Christian Storms, tenant in possession of Captain Joiin linuly. The captain's niece lived there until 1783. She died there on the 2()th of October, and her remains rest in the Lewisburgh Cemetery. General Hugh Brady tells about this place. Captain Joim Brady was killed near Fort Freeland, April 11, i779. (See page 109). "After the fall of Captain Brady, m_v mother re- moved, with her family, to her father's place in Cum- UNION COUNTY. 1315 berland County, Pa., where she arrived in May, 1779, and where she remained till October of that year. She then removed to Buffalo Valley, about twenty miles below our former residence, and settled on one of our own farms. We found the tenant had left our portion of the hay and grain, which was a most for- tunate circumstance. The winter following (1779 and 1780) was a very severe one, and the depth of the snow interdicted all traveling. Neighbors were few, and the settlement scattered, so that the winter was solitary and dreary to a most painful degree. But, while the depth of the snow kept us confined at home, it had also the effect to protect us from the inroads of the savages. But, with the opening of the spring, the Indians returned and killed some people not very remote from our residence. This induced Mrs. Brady to take shelter, with some ten or twelve families, on the AV^est Branch, about three miles from our home.' Pickets were placed around the houses, and the old men, women and children remained within during the day; while all who could work and carry arms returned to their farms, for the pur- pose of raising something to subsist upon. Many a day have I walked by the side of my brother John, while he was plowing, and carried my rifle in one hand and a forked stick in the other, to clear the ploughshare. " Sometimes my mother would go with us to pre- pare our dinner. This was contrary to our wishes ; but she .«aid that, while she shared the dangers that surrounded us, she was more contented than when left at the fort. Thus we continued till the end of the war, when peace — happy peace — again invited the people to return to their homes." Right across the valley, then thickly woodcrl, where Dale's Hill rounds doven to Buffalo Creek, just this side of the bridge that crosses to Hoffa's Mill, lived Captain John Foster. Peter Grove had been on a scout through Penn.syl- vania, and discovering Indian signs, was con- vinced that there were Indians between the West Branch and the Juniata, and at once started for his home in Buffalo Valley. On his way he di.scovered a man's track, which aston- ished him as no otiier man, red or white, would travel that way, except one, and he was beyond the Alleghenies; but the size of the track and length of the step was his. The footsteps left the path, and this making him uneasy, he left it too and went to Foster's. Foster said there must be wild work west of the mountains, and the > .Tonkins" Mill, on Turtle Creek. The old mill w;is sciliil and loop-holed for rifles, and was the resort of that part of the valley when the Indians threatened. track must be one of Brady's Rangers. Peter replied, " There is no man living who would have taken the route I did, but Sam himself" " Well," said Foster, " you go to the top of the ridge and discharge your rifle three times." Grove went to the top of Dale's Ridge and did so, and in a short time twenty men made their appearance. Foster informed them of the dis- covery and the Indian signs, and dismissed them with orders to keep strict watch and be ready to march in the morning. The captain said they would then go the Widow Brady's, and they crossed the valley, and as they came near to the house their jJath was crossed by a man, whom Captain Foster hailed in a low voice. The man advanced and they found him to be Captain Sam Brady. He was accoutred as a hunter, with his blanket on his back, and had just arrived, and had been detained, hearing the shots that had been fired. After a jjrivate conversation between him and Foster, they set out on their return to Foster's. Peter asked him whether he was not going in to see his mother. He said no, as they were well, and for their preservation, must be off. After their return to the house of Foster, Brady said that it was better that his mother and fam- ily would not know of his being there. There iiad been about one hundred and fifty Indians disappeared from the western country, and it was the opinion that, knowing that a number of the settlers were drawn off to the army, they supposed that they would reach this valley un- awares. He had himself crossed the trail of a party of thirty, led by noted warriors, named Panther and Blacksnake, evidently making for the Bald Eagle's Nest, who would make a de- scent on the valley. With Grove, Sam Brady left the next morning, to be followed by Foster and fifteen men, and resulted in a very thrill- ing adventure, but beyond the place of our narrative. At the death of Mr. Brady, Japhet Morton came into possession of the premises. Mor- tonsville was laid out and called by his name. In 1815 that place was appraised at forty-eight dollars an acre. Japhet died in 1815. His children were Edward, William, John, Alex- ander, Isabella (married to Thomas McGuire) and Rachel, and four grandsons, children of 1316 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas, deceased, — Martha, Betsey, Polly and Japhet. Long before any buildings were about there it was called Smoketown. On George Wolfe's place there was a very superior clay for brick, and mauy of the brick for the earlier houses of the town were made there. The brick-makers were the Poeths, and they had two mud-built cabins, which the use of the pitch-pine torches for lighting had smoked black and gave the name to the town, together with the ever-as- cending smoke of the brick-kilns. In 1774, Samuel Martin came from North Britain and settled just beyond there, at the fair-ground, in the house owned by Mrs. Shorkley. Martin sold it to George May, who sold it, July 30, 1793, to Thomas Wilson, who was a son of Hugh Wilson, of the " Irish settlement," in North- ampton County, and was born in 1724, in Ire- land. According to the tradition among his descendants, he was about twelve years old when his father emigrated from Ireland. He mar- ried, in 1760, Elizabeth Hayes, a daughter of John Hayes and Jane (Love) Hayes; the latter emigrated from Londonderry, Ireland, and after a short stay in Chester County, removed to the Irish settlement. During the Revolution Thomas Wilson was largely engaged in supplying the Continental army with flour. He was paid in Continental money and suffered heavily by its depreciation. In consequence, he sold his land in Allen town- ship and removed to Buffalo Valley in 1792. He purchased the farm mentioned and died February 25, 1799. The widow and children sold the place, and in 1803, Mrs. Wilson and her sons, William and Thomas, removed to Beaver County, Pa., where she died in Decem- ber, 1812. Their children were Hugh, who married Cath- arine Irvine, who lived and died on the Francis Wilson farm ; Sarah was married to Richard Fruit, and removed to Mercer County ; Eliza- beth married James Duncan, merchant, Aarons- burg, afterwards at Spring Mills ; William and Thomas live in Beaver; Mary married Jon- athan Courtes, Esq., of Beaver County ; James Wilson, Esq., attorney-at-law at New Orleans ; Mai'garet, who married John Thomas, who also moved to Beaver County. This farm was afterwards purchased by Jacob Musser. Jacob Musser wa.s the son of Joseph Musser, of Kelly ; commissioned a ju.stice of the peace May 17, 1832, and October 22, 1837, moved to Lewi.s- burgh. He sold to M3'ers. David Myers, father of David Myers, of Lcwisburgh, was killed by a kick of a horse January' 30, 1833, and the place was purchased by James Moore, then by Joseph Mcixell, whose daughter now owns it. Beyond that, along the pike, was A\'idow Mary Harris', mentioned with such glee in his journal by Flavel Roan, of the evenings spent there and the social hops. She came there in 1794, and the family became widely related. One of its members was William L. Harris, who took a prominent part in the social and political associations of the day, was a member of the House in 1833, and was one of the representa- tive delegates, with Ephraim Banks and John Cummins, to the convention of 1837, in which James Merrill and William Maclay were the Senatorial. He died November 11, 1846, from the effect of an operation perfoimed ibr the re- moval of a tumor. His nepiiew, William L., still lives on the old place, rich and a bachelor. A daughter of the Widow Mary, Elizabeth, married Thomas Howard, February 9, 1797. Nicholas Stroh lived on Samuel Dunkel's place in 1778. Mathias Allspach made crocks there. The latter killed with a potter's stick a wolf following the sheep into the yard. The road between Lewisburgh and Mortons- ville was vacated in September, 183(1, and the Turtle Creek road, at the latter place, extended to the turnpike. It was in September, 1828, James F. Linn surveyed the route of the pres- ent turnpike, and located it December 22d, finishing December 30th ; and December 28, 1829, commissioners appointed by the court re- turned it completed. This did away with the old road. March 12, 1830, Samuel Reber opened the hotel .so long known as Bcalc's, and lately as the " Ijochiel," where the managers of the turn- pike company hold their annual election, on the first Monday of March, and where William L. Harris, the treasurer, lately carved his tbrtieth successive turkey. UNION COUNTY. 1317 "John Brown, father of Abraham, Michael, etc., came to the valley in the spring of 1804, from Pine Grove township, Berks County. He bought the An- drew Edge warrantee (late Michael and Christian Brown, Getz, etc.) of Henry Spyker, for £8 per acre. There was then an old log cabin on it, in which Peter Spyker, son of Henry, lived. Michael Brown, late county commissioner, who was tlien seven years old, stated that he had eight children when he came, — John, who went to Ohio ; Elizabeth, married to Simon Christ, moved to Ohio ; Christena, m:irried to Philip Frederick; Peter, who went to Ohio; Abraham, lately deceased; William, Christian, Michael and Jacob. Their mother died in 180G,the father in 1838, and both are buried in the Dreisbacli grave-yard. He was born in Pennsylvania, served in the Kevolution, was in the battle of Brandywine. His father came from Ger- many. The neighbors were Lorentz Barnhart, who lived where Peter Getz lives ; Kreighbauin, at David Sohrack's ; Christopher Weiser had a fulling-mill where Peter Wolfe now lives ; Henry Poeth, father of old Henry, late of Lewisburgh, was the sole inhabitant of Smoketown, which was a part of Spyker's land. He made there all the brick that were used in Lewis- burgh. Edward Morton lived where A. Frederick's barn now is ; Bailey, on R. Laird's place ; John Zellers, where Samuel lately lived ; John Aurand, on the Au- rand place, now owned by John Zellers ; Christian Gundy lived where John W. Brown now lives. From Brown's to Derrstown only ten acres were cleared where George Wolfe lately lived. The road com- menced at Spyker's (now James S. Marsh's), at the river, passed through part of the cemetery, the lane at Chamberlin's, came out at George Wolfe's, passed through Smoketown, skirted the ridge at Ellis Brown's and along by Morton's (Schrack's now), crossed the present pike above Beale's tavern ; that, with the road to the cross-roads and the one up along the river, were the only three roads he recollected." Christopher Weiser built the first fulling-mill in the valley, on Turtle Creek, on what was lately Peter Wolfe's plaee, in 1786. He died Marcii 30, 1819, at the age of sixty-one. Daniel Moyer .succeeded to him, running the mill. George Wendell Wolfe came to this locality very early. He was a private in Captain George Clarke's compan}'. Colonel Potter's regiment, in 1776. He bought about a thou- sand acres on Turtle Creek, extending from Van Gundy's and running up to Aurand's. He had seven sons, — Michael, Peter, John, Jacob, Christian, Leonard and Andrew. He located ]\Iichael on the lower, or ea.st end ; next Peter ; then John. Jacob got the homestead (now Joel Riehl's), originally two hundred and fifty acres. Christian became a hatter and lived on the present lot of Jonathan Wolfe, in Lewis- burgh, and carried on that business, but he left and moved to New York in an early day. Leonard married a Dreisbacli and moved to Ohio with the Dreisbacli and Spyker families. John sold his farm to Michael Smith, now oc- cupied by David Smith. He was married to Ann Aurand and moved to Sandusky, Ohio. Michael lived and died on his place, lately owned by his son Abrara, now Hiram Wolfe. In 1778 Abraham Menscli lived on this place. His wife died in the valley and was buried at Jenkins' Mill. He left with the " runaway," in 1779, taking with him his boys. Christian and John, and one horse. He never returned. He married again, and the late Rev. J. Nichokts Mensch was a son by the second wife, the lat- ter dying at Lewisburgh in 1854. Peter lived and died on his farm in 1820 ; afterwards di- vided between Peter and Leonard, his sons, mentioned above as tli^e Christopher Weiser place. Jacob lived on the homestead adjoining the Hubler & Aurand place, and died in 1832. Andrew purchased the farm in Buffalo now owned by his sons, George J. and Martin. Jacob left si.x children,- -Catherine, married to George Machamer, moved to Stark County, Ohio ; Elizabeth, married to Jonathan Smith (both now dead); Jacob, John, Samuel, eJonathan. The mother of these children was Catherine, a daughter of John Bashor, who lived at George T. Miller's farm, and who is mentioned in the account of Kelly township. She afterwards married Jonathan Reedy, and lived at the farm now owned by her son Jonathan. The memory of her father's murder was never effaced. Long afterwards, when Indians came around in peace- ful shows, she would become uncontrollably ex- cited. She died on the 8th of October, 1856, at the age of eightv-four. In 1792, Abel Rees living at Strohecker's died ; and Anna M. Smith left in her will thirty pounds to erect a school-house on Turtle Creek for poor children. Adam Smith was a teamster in the Revolution and settled upon the place now owned by Jacob Kuukle, above Henry Mertz's. He died there and was buried at the Dreisbacli grave-yard. His sons were Adam , 1318 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. George, Michael and John and a daughter, married to Michael Maize, another to Steffy Touchman. Adam, Jr., moved to Beaver township, Snyder County. His descendants are about Beaver town yet. George died in Union County, John at Beaver town, and Michael in Union County in 1841. He had a blacksmith- shop above Henry Mertz's, and that is the point so often spoken of in old road-views. Michael's chil- dren were Michael, who moved to Michigan ; Dan- iel, who moved to Ohio; Benjamin, to Illinois; David, now (1869) living near the old jdace. His daughters married, one to Jonas Nyhart, one to John Wolfe, one to David Oldt, near New Berlin. Michael had three wives: first was aBower, of Dry Valley ; second, Susanna Bartges, of Mifflinburg ; third, Sophia Bickle, whose father, Henry Bickle, was killed by the Indians. Michael had also a son Jonathan, father of A. W. Smith, Esq., late jury commissioner, who died in Hartley township in 1870. The account of Henry Bickel is in Union township, Emerick family. Ciiristopher, his eldest son, took the place in 1792, at forty shillings per acre. He sold it to John Meyer, in 1806, who sold it to Daniel Nyhart, who sold it. May 4th, to Jacob Mertz, whose son Henry, married to an Aurand, lives on the place. East Buffalo Schools. — The first election for free schools took place in 1834, and was re- jected by a large majority, three votes for it and eighty -seven against it. At a subsequent election it encountered much opposition, but was adopted by a large majority. Directors in 1838 were Jacob Gundy, Robert H. Laird, Samuel H. Laird, Jacob Mertz, Philip Frederick and John Snook. Three lots were deeded to them and school- houses erected upon them. Two others were later built, between 1863 and 1873. They were replaced by substantial brick houses. In 1884 the .schools of East Buffalo contained two hundred and seven pupils. Seven dis- tricts,— Linnville, Pike, Aurand, Zeller's, Mt. Pleasant, Jeiferson, Riverside. The E\'AN(iEiJ< al Association in tiik Buffalo Valley. — Among those who early became followers of Jacob Albright, the foun- der of the religious body now known as the Evangelical Association, was IMartiu Dreis- bach's family, at whose house was formed, in 1806, the first class of that faith in the denomi- nation. It is probable that they were visited by Jacob Albright himself and his coJaborers, John Walter and George Miller, who were the first preachers of the new sect. From that time on Evangelical preachers have had regular ap- pointments in the valley, and at Dreisbach's were the headquarters of those zealous, perse- cuted ministers. In 1808 John Dreisbach him- self began to expound the AVord, and, in the course of a few years, became one of the most active and useful members of the new body. That year he and George Miller served what was called the Northumberland Circuit, a scope of country not defined by any limits, but hav- ing the valley as a radiating centre. In 1809 the ministers were John Walter and John Erb; 1810, John Dreisbach and D. Yearlitz ; 1811, J. Erb and L. Zimmerman ; 1812, L. Zimmer- man and L. Shaner. This year the Fifth An- nual Conference was held at Dreisbach's, Aj^ril 2d and 3d, twelve preachers being present, who reported seven hundred and sixty-one members. The Conference of 1813 was lield at the same place, April 21st to 23d, as •well as the one in 1814. The latter year the preachers numbered thirteen and the members ten hundred and six- teen. John Dreisbach was elected presiding elder and the Union Circuit was formed, with Henry Niebel and John Kleinfelter as preach- ers in charge. The circuit is one of the oldest in the State, but the territory has been very much reduced, embracing at present only New Berlin and a few other appointments. In 1815 the preachers were J. Stambaugh and Jacob Kleinfelter, and the following year the latter and M. Dehofi: From October 14tli to the 17th, 1816, was held the First General Conference of the associa- tion, at the house of Martin Dreisbach, which was attended by the following ministers as chosen delegates : J. Dreisbach, H. Niebel, John Walter, L. Zimmerman, J. Erb, J. Stambach, J. Kleinfelter, S. Miller, J. Deholf, D. Thomas, A. Ettingcr and J. Fruetii. Very important business was transacted, among the chief being the selection of the present name, to dis- tinguish this sect, which up to this time was called Albright Methodists or Albright's peo- ple, after the founder of the denuminatiou. The hymn-book composed by J. Dreisbach and H. Niebel was aj)i)roved, and one thousand five UNION COUNTY. 1319 buudred copies ordered ix) be printed ou tlie new press which had been set up in New Berlin, and which had been purchased by John Dreisbacli for the use of the denomination. Tiiis small press was the foundation of the extensive pul)- lisliing house of the association, now main- tained in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. The articles of faith were also revised and ordered printed. The members of the Conference sepa- rated to liold their next quadrennial meeting in a church, for up to this time no distinct house of worship was yet owned by the association. A church was erected at Xew Berlin, which was consecrated INIarch 2, 1817, as the first church of the association, and that village thenceforth became the seat of many ecclesiastical meetino;S. In it was held the Tenth Annual Con- ferenee, from June 2 to 7, 1817, when B. Ettin- ger was assigned to Union Circuit, After that period the following were the appointees : 1818.— J. Stamm and M. Dehoff. 1819. — H. Hassler and J. Bridenstein. 1820. — A. Kleinfelter and G. Lanz. 1821. — J. Seybert and Fred. Glasser. 1822. — J. Barber and J. Eisenberger. 1823.— J. Breidenstein, J. Foy and A. Becker. 1824.— P. Wagner, C. Kring and F. Buck. 1825.— J. W. Miller and G. Keich. 1826.— J. C. Eeisner. 1827. — B. Ettinger and B. Mottinger. 1828.— F. Hoffman and G. Enders. 1829. — J. Barber and J. G. Zinser. 1830. — G. Schneider and S. Tobias. 1831.— J. M. Saylor and W. Wagner. 1832.— S. G. Miller and C. Hesser. . 1833. — J. C. Reisner and F. Hoffman. 1834. — J. Young and D. Berger. 1835. — J. Sensel and J. Poorman. 1836.— D. Berger and C. Hull. On the 1st of ]\Iarch, 1839, another important event in the history of the association took place in the Buffalo Valley. On that day was or- ganized the Home and Foreign INIissionary So- ciety, at the house of J. S. Dunkel, which has been the instrument in placing the gospel before thousands of people in the West and foreign lands. It had as its first officers, — President, John Seybert ; Secretary, S. G. Miller ; Trea-surer, John S. Dunkel ; Managere, Charles Ham- ner, Philip Schmidt, Dr. I. Brugger, Martin D. Reed, Philip Wagner, Isaac Ever, Leonard Gerhart, Henry Thomas, John Kauffman, Martin Dreisbach, John Roland, M. F. Maize, John Maize, Sebastian Mosser. The increase of membership was soi'apid and the demand for preachers so urgeut that the Union Circuit was divided, and the Buffalo Circuit formed of the charges in the valley and northward, while the territory of the Union Circuit extended southward and westward. The apjwintees on the Bufflilo Circuit to the present were, — 1847—18. — James Barber and John M. Sindlinger. 1849. — E. Kohr and Benjamin Hengst. 1850. — E. Kohr and Andrew Staley. 1851-52. — J. M. Young and Jacob Young. 1853.- — Henry Kegle and George Hunter. 1854. — Henry Kegle and J. Clair. 1855.— B. F. Hall and X. Doebler. 1856.— B. F. Hall and H. Brodbeck. 1857. — J. C. Farnsworth and S. Smith. 1858. — J. C. Farnsworth and M. Walter. 1859. — A. Longsdorf and S. E. Davis. I860.- A. Longsdorf and J. M. McGaw. 1861.— J. Hartzler and S. T. Buck. 1862.— S. T. Buck and H. A. Deitrich. 1863.— H. A. Deitrich and F. Kurtz. 1864.— S. W. Seibert and F. C. Hoffman. 1865.— M. W. Harris and J. G. M. Swengle. 1866.— M. W. Harris and W. E. Detweiler. 1867-68.— S. D. Bennington and W. B. Thomas. 1869.— H. W. Buck and C. H. Gramley. 1870.— H. W. Buck and H. Conrad. 1871.— H. Conrad and P. W. Raidabau^h. 1872. — E. Kohr and L. K. Harris. 1873.— E. Kohr and L. Mathias. 187^75.— G. Hunter and P. F. Jarrett. 1876-78.— M. Sloat. 1879-80.— Z. Hornberger. 1881-83.— D. P. Kline. 1884-86.— I. M. Pines. In 1886 the circuit embraced but four ap- pointments, namely : Salem and Ebenezer, in East Buffalo, and Emanuel and Cowan, in Buffalo township. The Salem Church was begun in Januaiy, 1849, and dedicated the following January. It is a plain brick house, without belfry, and stands in need of repairs. Among those who were instrumental in building it were John Dunkel, Cyrus Brown, John Zellers, John Ro- land and Abraham Aurand, most of them serv- ing as a building committee. The trustees in 1886 M-ere John C. Dunkel, Mathias Noll, N. Mauser, Martin Dunkel and A. M. Farley. The congregation has fiftv-five members. The Ebenezer Church is also in East Buffiilo, 1320 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and was built iu 1873, under the pastorate of Rev. E. Kohr, on the land of Jacob Mache- mer. The building is a small frame, and the congregation has never been strong, but has lately had an encouraging increase, which has aided iu putting the society on a more perma- nent footing. The Emanuel Church is located at Union, in Buffalo township, from which circum- stance it is sometimes called the . Union Church. It was built in 1859, and dedicated on the 4th of December of that year, when the following were chosen trustees : Peter S. Stahl, John Hartman, David Herbst, Elias Kling and Jacob Ziel)ach. It is a frame building, and was repaired in 1884. There are about one hundred members, whose services are exclusively English. The trustees iu 1886 were M. Rank, E. M. Kling, A. W. Barber, Jacob Duck and J. C. Lucas. The Coican Church was built a few years ago, during the pastorate of the Rev. D. P. Kline, and is a new frame building, thirty-six by fifty feet. The membership at this place is small, as the congregation was so recently or- ganized. The flourishing church at Lewisburgh is a recent offspring of this circuit, and as many of the former members M'ere located at that place, their early religious history is essentially the same as that of the old Bufi'alo charge. CHAPTER VIII. UNION TOWNSlIIP.i The formation of the present township of Union, and its various transmutations, have been given in the general history of the territorial for- mation of the county. Its present boundaries may be stated generally : On the east by the river, on the south by a line following the stage- road from Blue Hill to the lime-kiln of Henry Mowrer ; the western line runs from that point due north until it intersects the division line of Union and Buffalo, then follows the top of the ' By J. Merrill Linn, Esq. mountain east until it strikes the river a little south of Jenkins' mill, at the mouth of Turtle Creek. Long hack of us, a century and more, while the line of Cumberland County ran from the black oak at Hetrick's store^ in Snyder County, across by Mensch's farm, tlirough the valley to Malone's, on the Bald Eagle, along the line of the Indian purchase of 1754, as it was then understood, John Lee had built his cabin near the spring by the stone barn at Winfield, and cleared his field around it, — the earliest clearing of the valley. James Wilson laid the Craig survey, on the 4th of October, 1709, around it; for when, the next March 23, 1770, he surveys the George Palmer, embracing Winfield, he speaks of commencing at Lee's spring and run- ning to an ash on the river, and thence, by the back side of Lee's fields, to the river. This ex- plains the corner left out of the Craig survey below, and shows that Lee had cleai-ed the fields where Thomas Pursel now lives, and its exact locality is thus defined. Then the sur- veyor laid out a tract stretching from Dry Ruu beyond Turtle Creek, along the bank of the river, — the Thomas Lowry, — and the same day, August 3,, 1769, another skipped up Dry Run a little and laid out the James Sheddon tract, reaching as far as Abraham Eyer's. Next down below the spring, on the 4tli of October, is laid the Alexander Craig, of three hundred acres, and immediately below it, along the river, the Andrew Culbertsou, one hundred and sixty- three acres, and away out in the forest, where the road comes by way of Chappel Hollow, William Maclay, on the 4th of December, surveyed a tract of three hundred and four acres for Joseph Sim})son, (now Michael Fought), marked vacant all aromid on his draft, except that on one side it calls for a big hill, and the (lay before Christmas the John (ialloway was laid on Blue Hill. The James Cochran, Dccend)er 20, 1769, fol- lows Dry Run farther up the main stream, and then, March 23, 1770, James Wilson laid out the (Jcorge Palmer, for Lee, which takes in the spring, and winds iu and outcast and south of the Sheddon and north of the Craig, away up along one branch of Dry Run; and the UNION COUNTY. 1321 Joshua McAffee was laid ou this side of Blue Hill ; the Abraham Eyerly between the Shed- don and Simpson, and surveyed in 1772. Ou the loth of May, 1772, Wilson made the leading survey in the lower end for Daniel Rees, so many years owned by Joseph Fearer, and now owned and occupied by Joseph Shann, and right east of the Kercher & Shoup. In conse- quence of the suit between Bonham and Gibbons, referred to in Emeriok's story, the lines were often run and are well marked. In his original field-notes Wilson says : " The land is situated about two miles from John Lee's, on both sides of the path that leads to Treaster's," at the mouth of Tuscarora Creek, a mile above New Berlin. On the 12th of May, 1770, Wilson surveyed the Thomas Sutherland tract, just south of Kun- kle's, which he notes that " Robert King bouo-ht," thus indicating; where the first consta- ble of Buffalo township lived. To this Robert King, Thomas and Richard Penn, by letters- patent, granted the privilege of keeping a ferry across the Susquehanna, at Sunbury. He sold this to Adam Heverling the next year, Novem- ber 30, 177.3. James Young settled on the place now owned by David Gross in the year 1774. Isaac Hanna, a gunsmith from Lancaster, paid, in 1780, =£600 for three hundred and nine acres. May 6, 1775, John Forsyth, deputy for William McClay, surveyed the Jacob Haines, just below the Craig, and on the 12th of July Nehemiah Breese, of Sunbury, surveyed the John Sneagon tract, next north of the Simpson, now Chap- pel's Hollow, then called Haverly's Gap. Mower tabled his notes (he died not long after) and made the return of survey — made the North 20^ west line from the pine one hundred perches, instead of sixty, to chest- nut, which produced a dispute afterward be- tween Abraham Eyer and John Brown. The Ludwig Kercher is surveyed 27th April, 1775, on warrant dated October 25, 1774. Conrad Shap has a warrant laid south of this dated Oc- tober 24, 1774, surveyed November 8, 1774, which interferes, and settles on part in October, 1775, cleared three or four rods, felled some trees, planted some apple seeds and raised a cabin four logs high. The part outside of the interference was patented to Peter Brouse and by him sold to Abram Eyer, April 14, 1817. George Overmeier, John Rearick, Christian Shively .and Michael Focht were brothers-in- law. Overmeier settled near where Philip Seebold lives, near New Berlin; Shively at the mouth of White Spring Run ; Rearick near Wehr's tavern ; Focht in Dry Valley, on the Simpson. Philip Seebold is a grandson of Over- meier. He often heard Mrs. Fought tell of the raid of the Indians in 1778, and it is oue of tlie most touching incidents ever related as happening, — She said they were threshing flax on their place, where the road through Chappel's Hollow comes out into Dry Valley, when the Indians came upon them suddenly. Her baby w.is near her, and she picked it up and ran. Another child, that could just run about, was back of their little barn. She heard it call, 'O mother, take me along, too." She looked around and the Indians were close upon her. She ran the whole way — two miles — to Penn's Creek, to a house where the neighbors had gathered. She never heard of her child again ; but as there was no indica- tion that i1 was killed, she hoped for its return some day. At night, and in the quiet hours of the day, the last words of her child, " O mother, take me along, too," she said, rang in her ears long years after. She said the house they took refuge in was sur- rounded by the Indians. They sutfered from thirst, and a man named Peter said he would have water, if he died for it. They allowed him to go out, and as he turned the corner of the house a rifle cracked, and he fell dead. The next day the Indians withdrew, and they embarked in canoes, and went down Penn's Creek. On the Isle of Que, she said, she went into a house and found no one about. A baby sat propped up in a cradle. On close inspection she found it was dead, and the marks of the tomahawk. David Emerick, who came up from Dauphin County, settled in Shamokin County, first where the road comes up to meet the river road, where Widow Brown's tavern used to be, or near it, called Gibbon's place, before the Revolutionary War, in 1773, where he built a house, cleared ten acres of land and planted apple trees. He sold this place by deed dated 21 st of June, 1780, to Daniel Rees. On the 15th of November, 1779, he purchased of Andrew Glen a tract of two hundred and eighty acres for £2925. This is the first farm to the left as you turn east to go toward the river from the Chappel Hollow 1322 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. road, on the farm of P. Seebold. Here he cleared a piece of land, built a cabin and was residing in April, 1781. Henry Bickle, who lived on this side of the mountain, where Henry Mertz lately lived, had gone over there that morning to help roll logs at the clearing. The Indians came down upon them, shot Bickle, and, plundering Emerick's house, carried him and his family away prisoners. They loaded Emerick with the plunder, and after proceeding a little way, he sat down on a log and refused to go farther. They plunged a tomahawk into his head and left him dead. The baby they impaled on- the sharpened end of a sapling, and let it fly into the air. They Avere taken to Canada, one of the daughters dying on the way from excessive bleeding at the nose. One of the daughters was in Dauphin County at the time. The widow and daughter captured married into the tribe of their captors — Cathe- rine, the widow, to Archibald Thompson ; Mar- garet the daughter to James Thompson, of Stam- ford, in the district of Niagara, province of Upper Canada. The other daughter, Catherine, mar- ried James Bander. Many years afterward Mrs. Emerick and her Indian husband and her daughter came back to Henry Myers', near Harrisburg, to draw money from her grand- father's estate there, and I'eceive their share of the murdered man's estate. They were infatu- ated with their life, and Mrs. Emerick endeav- ored to persuade some of her female relatives to go off with her fi'om here. They came in grand style, on horseback, decorated with all the tin- sel of Indian dress. There are on record, at Sunbury, a letter of attorney, dated January 12, 1805 (M. 516), from Archibald Thompson to James Thompson, authorizing him to collect the estate of David Emerick, and from the heirs and executors of Conrad Sharp, of Berks Coun- ty, and a letter of attorney from James Thomja- son to George Schoch to convey their interest in the tract of land adjoining Hessler, Hugh Beutz, George Olds and James Jenkins, containing one hundred and seventy-one acres, " which they hold as tenant in common M'ith John Bickle," and recited to be conveyed by Andrew Glen and wife. This is the William Glen, and is the tract north of Wm. Hessler or John Kunkle's. On the 9th of August, 1786, John Aurand is ap- pointed guardian of Margaret and Catherine Emerick, children of David Emerick, deceased. Finally there is a release recorded at Lewisburgb, dated the 2Gth of September, 1816, from James Thompson to George Schoch, which recites that David Emerick left a widow, named Catherine, and two daughters, Margaret, intermarried with James Thomjjson, and the other intermarried with George Bauder, and he, Thompson, releases his wife's share of David Emerick's estate, amounting to $516.75. In 1825, Bonham's heirs brought an ejectment against William Gibbons for a tract of land in the warrantee name of David Emerick, and, to sustain their title, gave in evidence a deed, dated the 21st of June, 1780, from David Emerick to Daniel Keese, under whom Bonham claimed The defense subpcena- ed all the old settlers in the country to prove that David Emerick was killed in 1778 or 1779, from which the lawyers argued the deed a forgery, though it purported to be acknowledged before Christopher Gettig, Esquire. Among others was Michael Smith. He said " I was living in the place where I am now living (1830) during the Revolutionary War. There was a massacre by the Indians in Dry Valley. Henry Bickle was killed ; the only one, as far as we know. David Emerick and his family were taken prisoners on the same day. His woman came in afterward, and said Emerick was killed on the road. David Emerick never appeared again. It was three years afterward when his wife returned. She was afterward married to Thompson, in New York. Sickle's wife had a son about four months after his murder. His name is Henry Bickle. I saw Henry Bickle after he was murdered. My father lived about two miles from Bickle at that time. My wife's mother and Emerick's wife's mother were sisters. I saw Thompson after he was married to Mrs. Emerick. " Lee's massacre was about a year after Emerick's. It was in Dry Valley, and about the time of the gen- eral runaway. I saw Lee's family all lying scalped. Emerick has some children. I never saw any of them. There was one of the girls down below at the time, who was at my bouse about a year ago. Emerick lived near the hill, not far from Hummel's tavern, in Dry Valley. Emerick's children were all taken, ex- cept the one. I saw Lee killed in the house. They had their heads all scalped, and were laid on a bundle of straw." Jacob Bower, of Union township, stated that he knew David Emerick. He was taken by the Indians. "They killed him on the hill, and we fled to Lee's, and lived there until after hay-making. Lee was after the Indians when Trinkle and Faught were killed. Lee was killed by the Indians after- wai'ds. Emerick was not taken prisoner the same summer Lee was killed, but the year we lived at Lee's." Henry Bickle, sworn : " Was born in 1778. I have been alwavs told I was born about four months after UNION COUNTY. 1323 my father was killed. I saw Emerick's wife. My mother lives twenty miles from here. Mrs. Emerick gave me a pen-knife when she was in. My mother is eightj'-five the 7th of next September. I was born in July, and my father was killed in .\pril, as I have always been told. Emerick's wife and my mother were sisters. My mother was married to old George Schoch, who is dead." Defendants called Philip Hoyens, who swore he knew David Emerick and Henry Bickle. " Emerick first lived on the Gibbons plai'e. He made an im- provement, built a house and cleared about ten acres. Bickle and Emerick were killed by the Indians. I think they took Emerick away. Emerick moved to this place of Gibbons' before the war. It was two miles from Northumberland." An examination of the assessment books in the commissioner's office would have shown that John Lee was assessor on the 27th of March, 1782, where- fore, according to the testimony of- all the witnesses, the Bickle and Emerick massacre must have been in 1781. The deed from Glen and wife to Emerick showed that Emerick was alive on the 15th of November, 1779, while Smith and Bickle's testimony would make out that he was killed in 1778 or 1779. The assess- ment books show that Emerick and Bickle were both alive on 1st of Novemjber, 1780, and in the one made by John Lee himself, in March, 1782, for the year 1781, Bickle's property is assessed to his widow, and the name and family of Emerick disappear forever from the assessment lists after 1781. Hummel's tavern, in Dry Valley, was at the inter- section of the roads at Adam Miller's, beyond Samuel Guise's. Henry Bickle, who was killed when Emerick's family was captured, left the following family : Chris- topher, the eldest, who took the farm in 1792, at forty shillings per acre; Maria C, married to Benjamin Stroh ; Elizabeth afterwards married Jacob Kamerlin ; Henry, as stated. The widow, Esther Regina, mar- ried George Schoch. Christopher sold it to John Meyer in 1806, who sold to Daniel Nyhart, who sold, 4th May, 1822, to Jacob Mertz, whose son, Heary, re- sides at the old place. jNIichael Smith, in his testimony, said : " Lee was after the Indians when Trinkle and Faug'ht were killed." On page 204 of Linn's "Annals" ea.«ual refer- ence is made to the killing of the Trinkles and Faught; no trace of the history of this maraud was then accessible. Time has thrown more light on the transaction. We quote from a letter in Oswald's Gazetteer (Philadelphia) of May 25, 1782. The letter is dated Sunbury, May 13, 1782. "The savages commenced their scalping again in the beginning of this month, and in a few days killed several of our inhabitants and poor helpless women and children in ditlerent parts. The wife of one Trinkle, near Penn's Creek, endeavored to escape with an infant in her arms ; but so close was the pursuit she dropped the child, but was overtaken and toma- hawked. The little child was scalped, and having some small remains of life, made its way to its mother and was afterwards found expiring on her breast. The part^' has since fled, having taken a num- ber of people with them." The name of Charles Trinkle appears upon the assessments of Bufi'alo township from 1781- 87. Rev. John William Heim, pastor of Lu- theran Churches around Miffliutown, Pa., in 1814, married Catherine Drenkel, daughter of the murdered woman. The family account is : Her father resided on Penn's Creek ; the Indians came upon the family while Mr. Drenkel was in the field at work ; he hastened to tlieir res- cue. Though he saved the life of Catherine, the wife, a little brother and tlie babe in the cradle were cruelly m-urdered. The mother was scalped and she was afterwards buried with the children on the banks of the creek, Lee him- self was soon to suifer. Major Lee and Others Killed by the Indians. — The attack on John Lee was made in August. A party of Indian.s, supposed to be sixty or seventy in number, killed Mr. Lee and family, a few miles above Suubur3^ Me- ginness, in his narration of this event, says, — " It was a summer evening, and . his family were at supper. A young woman named Katy Stoner escaped up-stairs, and concealed herself behind the chiranej'. Lee was tomahawked and scalped, and a man named John Walker shared the same fate. A Mrs. Boatman and daughter were also killed. Mrs. Lee, with a small child and a boy named Thomas, were led away captives. They took the path up the valley, crossing White Deer Mountain and then the river. One of Lee's sons, Robert, re- turning about the time, saw the Indians leaving. He fled to Northumberland, and gave the alarm. A party was organized by Colonel Hunter, and started in pursuit. Henry McHenry, father of A. H. Mc- Henry, of Jersey Shore, was in this party, and gave an account of it to his son. In crossing the moun- tains, Mrs. Lee was bitten by a rattlesnake, and her leg became so very much swollen she traveled with great difficulty. The Indians, finding them- selves pursued, urged her on as rapidly as possible, but her strength failed her. When near the mouth 132i JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of Pine Run, four miles below Jersey Shore, she gave out and sat down. An Indian slipped up be- hind her, placed the muzzle of his rifle to her ear, and blew off the whole upper portion of her head. One of them seized her little child by the heel and dashed it against a tree. They then fled, cross- ing the river at Smith's fording, and ran up Nippe- nose bottom. When Colonel Hunter came up with his men the body of Mrs. Lee was yet warm, and the child, but little injured, was moaning pite- ously. Near Antes' Gap the Indians separated, and ran up both sides of the mountain, and the party gave up the chase, as they were nearly exhausted. They came back and buried Mrs. Lee where she died, and brought the child back. They dug a hole along- side of Walker's body and rolled him in. Mrs. Boatman's daughter survived and lived many years afterwards. Young Thomas Lee was not recovered for many years afterwards. His brother made ar- rangements with the Indians to bring him to Tioga Point (Athens now), where he was delivered to his friends. Such was his love of Indian life, that they were obliged to tie him and place him into a canoe to bring him home. When near Wilkesbarre they untied him, but as soon as the canoe touched the shore he was out and off like a deer. They caught him, however, and, on arriving at Northumberland, he evinced all the sullenness of a captive. Boys and girls played about him for several days before he showed any disposition to join them. At last he began to inquire the names of things. By degrees he became civilized, and obtained a good education." The same Gazetteer before quoted, of Sep- tember 14, 1782, contains a letter from a gentle- man of Suubury, dated August 16, 1782, as follows : "A few days since, at noon, the savages entered the house of Major John Lee, three miles from North- umberland town, and took him and his family and part of two others, to the number of thirteen, declar- ing if they would submit they should not be hurt; they acquiesced and proceeded as prisoners about a half-mile, when the savages murdered seven of them, who were tomahawked and scalped in the most shock- ing manner. A party of volunteer inhabitants, upon hearing of the affair, went to their relief. The scene and groans of the dying people were enough to have melted any heart of flesh. Since last spring no less than sixty-two of our people have been butchered by the Indians. Two of our neighbors who were taken prisoners last year have just made their escape from the Indian town." The same paper has an item, — " By the deposition of John Hessler, who hath escaped from the savages, taken before Christian Gettig, Esq., of Sunbury, says, 'the Indians have been supplied with lead by the enemy.' " To the details of the massacre we add an account taken from a letter of Judge John Joseph Henry to Henry Dearborn, Secretary ot War, February 5, 1807. He says, — "John Lee, who was an uncle of Captain Andrew Lee, of Wayne's regiment (who was then applying for a pension, which was the occasion of Judge Henry's letter), was known to me at an early age, who, iu the course of the war, as subsequently informed, evinced much patriotic resolution. He resided on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, some miles above Sun- bury. Captain John Lee was returning from his labor in the woods, and was shot down near the house. Two of his sons, beardless boys, were slaught- ered at the threshold. His wife, an amiable woman, with a suckling in her arms, and four other children, were led away captives. Two miles from the house the babe's brains were dashed out against a tree. The tears and wailings of Mrs. Lee for her infant, in that or the next day, caused a silence to her grief by the application of the hatchet. The survivors, — two girls and two boys, — none of them above twelve years old, were held in Indian bondage till 1784-85. The two latter, Robert and Thomas, I have been informed, have of late years been honored by the general gov- ernment with military command. The particulars of this story, which are numerous, very pathetic and interesting, I have derived from Rebecca, one of the children. My father, when a delegate in Congress, 1784-85, coming homeward from New York to Lan- caster, found the returning captive desolate and moneyless. He brought lier to his own house, and, in a few months, restored her to her relations. Capt. H. Lee made three journeys into the country of the Senecas in search of his uncle's children. The first journey produced the recovery of Rebecca, my in- formant ; he brought her to Albany, clothed her and gave her money to travel to the Susquehanna. He went back irom Albany, and, by a considerable ran- som, redeemed another of her children. A third voyage, by Mohawk River, Oneida, Ontario and Erie Lakes, in pursuit of the captives, obtained a third of these orphans. Thomas came in a few years later." (See " Pa. Mag. of Hist.," vol. 3, page 168, for Judge Henry's letter). . Lee was elected second major of the battalion of the lower division of Northumberland County, 7th of February, 1776, and was sent by the Associators, in August, to Harris' Ferry for powder and lead, and on 24th December, 1776, a company out of the battalion volun- teered for the war and chose Lee captain; Hugh White, first lieutenant ; Thomas Gaskins, second lieutenant ; and marched that day, Colo- nel Hunter impressing guns and blankets for UNION COUNTY. 1325 them. They left Readiug January 3, 1777, and were attached to Colonel Potter's (second) battalion, Lieutenaut-Colonel James Murray, Majors John Kelly and Thomas Robinson, and they reached the army in time to get into an engagement at Piscataway, N. J., where Lieu- tenant Gustavus Ross, of the company, was mor- tally wounded The returned battalions and officers are used on the frontier against the In- dians. December 4, 1778, John MacPherson bought Andrew Gibson's place and ferry, now Cauley's, Winfield. He lived near Winfield until August 2, 1827. He served in the navy of the Revo- lution, was badly wounded, and on that account received a pension from the State. He was as- sociate judge of Northumberland County for twenty-three years. Tiie land of the George Palmer tract is confirmed to John Lee, by patent of the date of May 17, 1774, in pursuance of a warrant dated the 13th, in order to confirm his title upon a deed of conveyance from George Palmer, dated December 21, 1769. Thomas Lee, by release dated April 1, 1797, William Beard and Sarah, his wife, Robert Hursh and Rebecca, his wife, and Eliza Lee, by release of April 24, 1797, conveyed to Robert Lee, and Robert Lee, May 2d, to Abraham Eyerly. This Abraham Eyerly becomes the Abraham Eyer of our day, and he dying, Octo- ber 30, 1823, there was an inquisition upon this three hundred acres in 1825, and an order of sale because of non-acceptance ; and on the 25th of March, 1834, Isaac Eyer, the adminis- trator, conveyed the same to Nicholas Mensch. In 1800 Bishop Newcomer says he crossed the West Branch at Northumberland with a great deal of trouble, and reached the house of Abra- ham Eyerly after dark. His wife, (Catherine, was born October 1 5, 1 752 ; married May, 1776 ; died September 22, 1806. Himself died Octo- ber 30, 1823, at the age of seventy-five. While Mensch owned it, November 17, 1840, Halker Hughes leased the right to iron-ore and lime- stone and privilege of erecting necessary build- ings for successful operation of iron-works, and this lease was assigned to Napoleon Hughes March 1, 1841. In 1842 the iron-ore below the mouth of Turtle Creek was found to be of superior quality, and its development was com- menced by Napoleon Hughes above the site of the furnace, a few hundred yards above the river- bank. There was no attempt at building a furnace. In 1848 John N. Youngman and Jesse M. Walters went into partnership as merchants, and April 1, 1851, as partners, bought the land of Nicholas Mensch. By sundry conveyances it finally became vested in the Union Furnace Company. The Uniox Fuexace was erected on those premises in 1853 and 1854 by a company under the firm-name of Beaver, Geddes, Marsh & Co., which consisted of Samuel Geddes, James S. Marsh, Thomas Beaver, Peter Beaver, Charles E. Morris and Dr. L. Rooke. A few years after, Peter Beaver, James S. Marsh and Dr. Rooke bought out all the other partners and changed the name to Beaver, Marsh & Co. Under this name the business has been con- tinued until the present time (January, 1886). This furnace, of a weekly capacity of one hun- dred and twenty-five tons, was built to use anthracite coal, and has continued this fuel ever since. The iron-ores used for the first twenty years were obtained almost entirely from the fossil veins in Shamokin Ridge, near by ; but since the cheap and easily accessible ores of this range became exhausted, they secured ore-mines on the Juniata River, at Millerstown, Perry Coun- ty, which have proved valuable, owing to the cheap water transportation ; also from Shade Mountain, near Adamsburg, in Snyder Coun- ty, Pa. The hard iron-ores (which are in inexhaustible quantities) are still mined near the furnace. The flux or limestone is obtained from the well-known Dry Valley lime quarries, which are connected with the furnace by rail ; the furnace is counected with the Sun- bury, Shamokin and Lewisburgh Railroad. This furnace was first blown in in 1854, and has continued in blast, except when undergoing repairs, up to the present time. During this time it has been superintended, managed and blown by Dr. Rooke, assisted by George M. Slifer. The books were kept twenty-two years 1326 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. by John K. Kremer, present cashier of the Union National Bank, and the balance of the time by B. C. Amnions, who has been employed in some capacity ever since the works were built. There are still quite a large number of men there who have been continually employed ever since they started. The iron produced has always been considered first-class for foun- dry and forge purposes, and it is thought that their success in keeping in blast and selling their product, when the great majority of fur- naces had to go out of blast, was owing to the great uniformity and reliability of their iron. To the credit of the firm it can be said, while they employ many more men than are emjjloyed at other furnaces of the same capacity, as they mine all their own ores, limestone and for years their own coal, they never had a strike or lock-out. The furnace property consists of a furnace, forge, mansion-house, twenty-five tenant-houses, three large farms, grist-mill, store, stable, etc., containing altogether over six hundred acres. Dr. Rooke, the principal manager, was born in Chester County, Pa., on the 22d of July, 182(3, a .son of James and Mary (Murray) Rooke, both English descent, and prosperous farmers. He attended the schools of the neighborhoods, and a grammar at Union ville, presided over by Jonathan Gause ; taught school two years, and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Stephen M. Meredith, of Pughtown, and after the usual course graduated at the Jeiferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1848, and for three years practiced his profession at St. Mary's, in the northern part of the county. In the fall of 1850 he engaged a company and started up the old Berlin Iron-Works, on Penn's Creek, in Hartley township, and continued making iron there until the spring of 1854. He then helped to complete the furnace at Win- field, and continued manager and superintendent ever since. He also organized a company, and made iron several years at the Beaver Furn- ace, in Snyder County. He has the credit of being the first to thoroughly organize the manufacture of iron in Union County. There had been many trials of it even so early as 1824, but they met with continued disaster ; but Dr. Rooke, though a period of thirty-four years, through many a storm, has beeu able to carry on the business with success. He has always been popular with his employees; and many of them are thereto this day, in con- tinued employment since he commenced, and the ma/jority of them over twenty years. He is one of the first, if not the only iron-master, who undertook the immediate control and blowing of his own furnace. He has not therefore re- strained his activities to his personal ends, but has been an active politician; originally a Whig, opposed to slavery and its extension, he has stood by his party, the Republican, with an active helping hand. He was a member of the Con- stitutional Convention of 1874, and carried his energies and experience into the committees on suffrages and elections and railroads. He has been manager and director of sev^-al bank- ing institutions, and particularly of the Union National Bank, whose burden fell on him in its disaster, and but for him would not have sur- vived. He became also a director in the Sha- mokin, Sunbury and Lewisburgh Railroad, a road so essential to the interest of the county, and it was owing, in good part, to his personal exertions that it was organized and constructed. With good health all his life, happy in his domestic life, with that prosperity that comes from an industrious, well-ordered and energetic life, withal he has not let himself become one- sided, and having a fine flow of conversational power, he is one with whom it is a pleasure to meet. He was married twice, — first, to Miss E. H. Church, of Churchtown, Lancaster County, by whom there were four children, and then, on August 31, 1882, to Miss Annie E. Creamer. " To their good sense and economy," he says, " I attribute much of my success in life." Thomas Beaa'er. — It is ever a pleasant task to chronicle an active and useful life, and such an one assuredly has been that of the subject of this sktech. Born November 16, 1814, in Pfoutz's Valley, (now) Perry County, Pa., son of Rev. Peter and Elizabeth (Gilbert) Beaver. Rev. Peter Beaver was ordained in 1809, at Elkton, Md., by Bishop Asbury, of the ^^■9:H »yA.H.P.itchit UNION COUNTY. 1327 Methodist Episcopal Church, and was active in the ministry many years. He possessed and made occasional use of an unusual ability, viz. : preaching alternate sentences in German and English the better to reach his mixed audiences. An earnest pastor, he was largely instrumental in building up churches and in various other kindred work. Mrs. Beaver died February, 1818, her husband surviving her until August, 1849. Their children were as follows : George, who married Catharine Long; Samuel, who married INIaria Leman ; Jacob, who married Ann Eliza Addams (one of whose children is a favorite son of Pennsylvania, General James Addams Beaver, of Centre County, a gallant soldier and Christian gentleman); Jesse, who married Mary Ann Schwartz ; Thomas, whose name heads our article; Peter, who married Eliza G. Simonton ; Sarah, who married Aaron Nevius ; Eliza ; Catharine, who married Archi- bald Greenlee ; and Mary, who married Henry Miller, now of Lewisburgh. The educational advantages obtained by Thomas Beaver were of rather meagre character. He never attended school after his twelfth year, but as he possessed an indomitable will and an innate intellectual force, his after-successes were none the less positive because of the lack of scholastic education in early youth. In April, 1827, he left the parental roof in search of his fortune, and for a number of months worked on a farm at two and one-half dollars per month, and in the winter of that year entered the store of Beaver & Black (his brother Samuel and Judge Black), at Milford. The following spring the business was removed to Newport, Perry County, and there he con- tinued one year. His father having in the mean time opened a store at New Berlin, Union County, Thomas put in a year's work there and then returned to Newport to take charge of the business of Judge Black, who was a promi- nent politician and spent much of his time out- side. Close application brought its frequent attendant, and illness compelled a climatic change, so, through the friendly aid of General Mitchell, chief of construction of the Pennsyl- vania Canal, on November 1, 1831, he went to Williamsport to fill an engagement in the general store of Rev. Jasper Bennett. His knowledge of goods and force of character were demonstrated at that early day, he being, M'hen but eighteen years of age, sent to Philadelphia to purchase a stock of goods, making the tedious journey by stage-coach. The fearful scourge of cholera had been ram- pant in the Quaker City just previous to this trip, but no unpleasant effects resulted to the young business man. In 1833, forming a con- nection ^^■ith Peter Nevius in general merchan- dising, at Lewisburgh, he went to that place where he remained until 1835, when he sold out his interest and assumed his brother Samuel's place, at Millerstown, the firm then becoming J. & T. Beaver. Feelino- a stroncr desire to learn of wider fields, particularly the Philadel- phia methods, in February, ] 837, he told his brother he would go to that city for such purpose, etc., and carrying out such project in an intelligent manner, wrote to three of the largest firms there for their views and advice. Reed & Son, one of those selected, responded, attempting to dissuade the seeker after knowledge ; while Bray & Barcroft wrote they would be glad to meet him and make his stay pleasant. Mr. Bea- ver accordingly went to Philadelphia in March, 1837, and made good use of his time learning the details and modes of a metroirolitan enter- prise. When, in May, he proposed to return, considering his object accomplished, he was met by Mr. Barcroft with " Thomas, you had better stay where you are ; " and answered " I cannot give up a business worth three or four thousand dollars a year for the sake of living in Phila- delphia." Mr. Barcroft then said, " It does not suit us to make any change in our business until 1840. At that time we will give you an equal interest with ourselves in the business. Better go home, sell out to your, brother and come back to us. We will give you whatever salary you think you ought to have until 1840." Recognizing the value of such a proposition from so strong a house, he acted upon it and re- turned to Philadelphia. The first year he accepted simply expenses, which were seven hundred and fifty dollars. The second year one thousand dollars, and, as he had married in the mean time, accepted fifteen hundred dollars the 1328 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. third year. Oa January 1, 1840, he was, in accordance with the proposal, taken into part- nership, the firm becoming Bray, Barcroft & Co. By the retirement of Mr. Bray, in 1844, the firm was changed to Barcroft, Beaver & Co., and continued to enlarge its circle of trade, reaping an uninterrupted success. The intense application of over twenty years broke down the health of Mr. Beaver, which had never been of the stoutest, and caused his retirement from this firm in 1858, and, as an opportunity was oifered to take hold of the affairs of the Montour Iron Company, at Danville, Pa., through his firm being one of the largest creditors of that corporation, which went down in the general crash of 1857, he went to that city to wind up the concern. In this work he remained one year as trustee for the creditors, and, finding the business congenial to his tastes and the climate beneficial to his health, he determined to continue, and formed a partner- ship with one of the co-trustees, Mr. Isaac S. Waterman, the new firm purchasing the entire interest of the creditors in the personal effects of the old company in 1859, and in 1860 becoming owners of the real estate also. With the talents which had heretofore wrought great re- sults, the firm of Waterman & Beaver rapidly built up an immense business in the manu- facture of iron and in general merchandising, success succeeding success, until in 1877 Mr. Beaver sold out his interest in the Danville properties to his partner, retaining his interest in the coal property at Kingston, incorporated as the Kingston Coal Company. As may be inferred from these bare facts, Mr. Beaver has been the artificer of his own reputation and fortunes. He may properly be characterized as a man of great administrative ability, quick to think and decide, pushing with energy to completion whatever he undertakes. He has been an intensely busy man nearly all his lii'e, and the comforts of his beautiful home, with its handsome gardens and magnificent conservatories, at Danville, Montour County, are a meet reward for actions and influence such as these. The old saying " The boy is father to the man" bears particular meaning applied to Mr. Beaver, who, when but a young lad, clerking in a store, was in the habit of rising before day- light, and, after lighting the fires and caring for the horse and cattle, studying either one or other works of solid reading-matter. His chain of thought, even in those early days, was for the works which enlarge and strengthen the mind, his first book being " Rasselas," the second " The Scottish Chiefs," and the third " Rollin's Ancient History." His mind being fully occu- pied, he never sought the solace of the weed, and is to-day unaware of the taste of smoking or chewing tobacco, veiy much to his benefit and credit be it said. When the subject of a Nat- ional Bank at Danville was mooted, Mr. Beaver took hold of the project and was one of its or- ganizers, and after its start served as president some three or four years, stamping his character upon it. Altogether this gentleman is essentially a business man and the controlling spirit of large enterprises ; he has nevertheless ever been prompt to recognize and active in aiding meri- torious causes, and he has become a living illus- tration of that noble characteristic so rare among men of influence — the accumulation of riches, not for himself alone, but to make others happy during and after his life. Not to par- ticularize too closely, among his generous gifts to religious and educational causes may be men- tioned thirty thousand dollars to Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pa., a Methodist Episcopal institution, given at a time when greatly needed to stimulate other large-hearted men ; twenty- five thousand dollars to Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa., the Presbyterian seat of learning ; very liberal gifts to the Presbyterian Church at Danville, of which he and his family have been members many years, and we quote a few words from Rev. Dr. W. C. Cattell, ex-president of Lafayette College, on the subject as a proper tribute : " Whenever he has been appi'oached with a meritorious j)roject or want ho has always been a most generous benefactor, but so unobtrusively that his left hand scarcely knows what his right hand does. He is truly one of the noblest and best of men. We ought to re- joice and give thanks when God puts wealth into the hands of such men." UNION COUNTY. 1329 A year ago Mr. Beaver was elected a mem- ber of the board of trustees of Dickinson Col- lege, although a Presbyterian since 1843. He has also been twice appointed member of the State Board of Charities. During the Rebellion j\Ir. Beaver ujiheld the national government firmly, giving both time and money freely. He has never held office in his life nor has he ever been an ofSce-seeker. Much time has been given to travel for the benefit of his health and the enjoyment of his family, and good use has been made of the privilege, the home being stored with articles of virtu from Japan, Egypt, Europe, etc. In 1851 he made the first journey to England in com- pany with the late Horace Greeley, Judge Dar- ling and others for the First World's Fair, at Cry.stal Palace, London, sailing on one of Cap- tain Comstock's first American steamers. On January 23, 1838, Mr.Beaver was united to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Robert B. and Cassandra (Berryhill) Wilkins, of Harrisburg, Pa., who was born April 2U, 1817. Asa result of this alliance there were born seven children, two of whom died in infancy, and Emily, born October 4, 1840, married William H. Cham- berlin, of Lewisburgh (since deceased), and bore him Je.ssie, William, Thomas, John, Eliz- abeth, Mary, Emily and Laura. Arthur, born September 17, 1842, married Alice Diehl (no is- sue). Alicc,born October 12, 1844, married Wil- liam H. Brown, of Philadelphia, and has born him Elizabeth, Charles and Thomas (two latter twins). Laura, born .January 18, 184(i, married Rev. John De Witt, jirofessorof church history in Lane Seminary, Cincinnati (no issue). Eliza- beth Stewart, born February 9, 1853, married Lemuel E. Wells, of New York, and has borne him Thomas, Christian and Lemuel Stewart. Into this happy home came the fell destroyer Death at an all too early day, calling hence the faithful wife, tender mother and affectionate friend, on December 27, 1884. The high bluff' that overlooks the junction of the North and West Branches of the Susque- hanna forms the southeastern shoulder of Union County and Union township. It is called " Blue Hill," and it.s fame is not confined even to this continent. 84 The Duke of Rochefoucauld Liancourt saw it iu 1795, and told of it to fair France, and the English celebrities that settled upon the point op- posite spread its name and the story of its beauty among the counties of the mother-country. To add to its fame, an eccentric man bought it and built buildings upon it, which added to its attractiveness; one was a large square building, with a flat roof and railing around it, and just over its most precipitous side hung a square tower apparently leaning far over the abyss. The main frame of the building was perpendic- ular and fastened with long, strong rods far into the rock, rendering it entirely secure. An outer frame-work was covered with ^veather- boarding that gave the appearance of the in- clination. This building was the old man's eyrie iu his latter days, where he had gathered a rare col- lection of queer old English books — ^they sold for seventy-five cents the bushel-basketful at hLs sale — and there he slung his hammock, and when the winds blew the maddest it was his resort. John Mason's father was a Quaker, living in Philadelphia, an old acquaintance of James Jenkins, Jr., at Turtle Creek, who said to him one day, speaking of his son John, that he was a restless fello\\', and wanted to go to sea, and that it would be the death of his mother, "Can't thee take him out with thee?" Jenkins replied that it was a wild jilace out there, and not likly to .suit the taste of one who wanted to go sea-faring. He did come up with him into the wilderness, engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, first keeping a store where Elliot now lives, in Northumberland, and afterwards at Turtle Creek. He was a man who never recognized or became intimate with ladies. One evening at the Jenkins house, Mason came in as usual from the store, about nine o'clock, and seated himself I)y the ample fire-place with a book. There were a number of young people in the room, who were j)laying pawns and f(jrfeits. One handsome girl was condemned in a whisper to kiss John Mason. He was apparently paying no attention, i)ut as she slyly apjiroached within reaching distance he raised the tongs between them, saying "Not one step further." He lived until 1330 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. he was very old, and to his last days talked of rebuildiug his fanciful houses, and he was buried upon hishill-top. Jenkinsandhewentalternately to Philadelphia to buy goods. Mason always walked. One season, in 1798, the darkey ser- vant rushed into Mrs. Jenkins with bated breath, exclaiming, "Mr. Mason has come on horse-back ! " It was true. He had had the yellow fever, and his appearance was such that the darkey thought it his ghost. Schools. — In 1803 a German school was taught by a Hessian in part of a house owned by Samuel Slear (1777), near Winfield. The first English school, a few years after, was taught by Mr. Cunningham, and soon after one by Mr. Sullivan, both of whom taught in their own houses during the winter months. The first house erected for school purposes was about 1815. Another, a few years after, was built half- way between Winfield and New Berlin, called the Grier school-house. The following is a par- tial list of teachers of that time : Rev. Henry Neible, Samuel Creamer, Hon. James Marshall, Jacob Slear and John Fisher. There were four districts in 1884, with one hundred and sixty-six pupils, as follows: Winfield, Sandal, Trutt's, Eyer's. Union Independent, fifty-four pupils. The Winfield Evangelical Chuiich. — A class of this faith having been formed about 1850, was encouraged a few years later to build a church upon a lot, which had been donated by the jjroprietors of tiie furnace, and, after mucli effort, the house was completed for dedication in 1856. It is a neat l)nck building, having sit- tings for about four htuidrcd persons, and has been made comfortable by repairs in late years. The members worshi])i>ing here have had the same pastoral service as the charges on the old Union Circuit and New Berlin, with which place the appointment is now connected. Bapti.st Chukch at Winfiei>p. — In the early part of 1868 a revival of unusual import- ance took place in the village in consequence of the labors of Ba]itist brethren from the Lewis- burgh Church, who had adopted this place as one of their out-stations. Sixty-nine persons were baptized, and these, with six others, con- stituted the above church March 5, 1865). As the members purposed building a house of wor- ship, the Union Furnace Company donated a lot upon wdiich a good brick church, seating four hundred pei'sons, was built in 1873. The congregation is flourishing and its interests are closely associated with the Baptist Church at Lewisburgh. CHAPTER IX. KELLY TOWNSHIP.' Kelly township was named after Colonel John Kelly, who, as early as 1770, lived on the place at which he died. It is one of the richest agricultural town- ships in the county. Earliest settled by men of more than ordinary character, they have re- tained their standing among the intelligent and the brave. On the 22d of February, 1769, what is called the Rev. John Ewing survey was made, the first iu the valley. It extends from the mouth of Buffalo Creek, six hundred and seventy-five perches, to a walnut that formerly stood on Dr. Dougal's line, now heirs of James Moore. His starting-point for this survey was sixty or seventy rods above the present site of the iron bridge across Buffalo Creek, and contained eleven hundred and fifty acres. It is called " Delta " in the warrant, no doubt from its resemblance to the Greek letter J. In November, 1771, Walter Clark, of Paxtoii town- ship, bought the Ewing tract in trust for himself, Robert Fruit, William Gray, Eobert Clark and Wil- liam Clark, all of the same township. They divided it into six tracts, agreed each to take one-sixth, and sell the remaining tract, which they did to Ludwig Derr, 31st July, 1773. Walter Clark settled on the I)lace now owned by Hon. Eli Slifer, William Gray where Major Paul Geddes now owns, Eobert Fruit on the Heinly ])lace, WilHam Clark on the place now owned by M. H. Taggart, and Robert on what is now Judge Hummel's farm. Walter Clark sokl ti> Joseph Musser in 1802, and moved to Mercer County, where his family became prominent. His son John was a member of the Legislature from that county. Joseph Musser came from Strasburg, Lan- caster County. When they tore down tiie old house, in 1851, they found a date painted on 1 By J. Merrill Linu. UNION COUNTY. 1331 the east end, 1804, which part was built two years after they came to the valley. He had seven children and their numerous descendants are all around. (1) Jacob lived on the Shorkley farm, as mentioned, having a daughter Mary married to David Nesbit, Margaret to John R. Housel, and Joseph ; (2) John lived on the mansion farm, and his children were Robert, Joseph, William, John and J. Wilson ; (3) Joseph went to Wheeling, Va. ; (4) Nancy married William Xesbit, Esq., over the river ; (5) Esther ; (6) Mary married Thomas Proctor : (7) Elizabeth married Washington Dunn. The heirs of John lived on the old place until the .sjjring of 1850, when it was sold to Colonel Eli Slifer, who built handsomely on it. Captain Gray, afterwards an officer in the Revolution, lived and died on his place. He was ancestor of the Dunlaps, Hayeses, Hutchin- sons, Hudsons, Wallaces and W. G. Williams (of Bellefoute). Richard Fruit sold out to Henry Hursh in 1812, and moved to Derry, Northumberland County. Robert and ^\'illiam Clark died on their respective places. William Gray was the deputy surveyor who made theresurvey of Lewi.sburgh. HehadadLs- tillcry there in 1789; was a justice of the peace, commissioned August .31, 1791; died 1815. His children were Mrs. Mary Dun lap ; Susani a niai-ried fiist to William Hudson and then to Andrew Forster ; Eleanor, to John Robinson; Margaret, to John Hayes, Esq. ; Nancy, widow of Hudson Williams ; Jane, married to Samuel Hutchinson. James Wilson purchased the place in 1825, and his son William lived there until his death, when it was pnrciiased by Paul Geddes. Robert Clark died on his place in 1798, leav- ing a widow, Jane and children, — Eleanor Fruit, Margaret .\yers, Robert, George, Ciiarles, John ; and Willian),'died on his place, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, and children, — George, Mary (mar- ried James Foster, and died, leaving Jane Marr and Thomas Smith), Rebecca, Roan, Sarah, William, Walter, Flavel, James. George Clark was a prominent surveyor in the valley until 1800, and then removed to the West. He lived in a house near Judge Hum- mel's, now t(irn ddwu. He was an exceedingly tall man, and took delight in making his axe- marks as surveyor beyond the reach of other men. He once made a narrow escape from the Indians, by leaping Little Buffalo Creek, from i the high bank near the late Jacob Moyer's. These original settlers all appear in the as- sessment of Paxton township, Dau2)hin County, in 1770. The greater part of the surveys along the north side of Buffalo Creek from Colonel Slifer's to Cowan were made in August, 1769. Those from Dr. Dougal's up to the mouth of White Deer Creek, along the river, were made by Charles Lukens in October. Shikellimy's home was just above. Conrad Weiser, in his journal March 8, 1737, says, — " On the 8th reached the viUage where Shikelimo lives, who was appointed to be my companion and guide on the journey. He was, however, far from home on a hunt. Weather became bad and the waters high, and no Indian could be induced to seek Shikel- imo until the 12th, when two young Indians agreed to go out in search of him. On the IGth they re- turned with word that Shikelimo would be back next day, which so happened. The Indians were out of provisions at this place. I saw a new blanket given for about one-third of a bushel of Indian corn." The site of this village is, beyond doubt, on the farm of Hon. George F. Miller, at the mouth of Sink- ing Run, or Sbikellimy's Run, one-half mile below Milton, on the Union County side. When the Land OtRce was open for " the new pur- chase," on the 3d of April, 1769, there were very many applications made for this location. In all of them it is called either old Muncy town or Shikell- imy's town. It is referred to as a locality in hundreds of applications for land in the valley. I will only quote one: "Samuel Huling applies for three hun- dred acres on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, about one mile above Shikellimy's old town, includ- ing a small run that empties into the river opposite an island." The Huling location was secured by John Fisher, one of the oldest of our settlers, and West Milton is now built upon it. Shikellimy's town was on the "Joseph Hutchinson " an to Shamokin. He defended them against the insults of drunken Indians, being himself never addicted to drinking. He built his house ujinn pillars for safety, in which he always shut himself up when any drunken frolic was going on in the village. In this house Bishop Johannes Von Watteville, and his company, visited ami preached the Gospel to him. (now Point Pleasant, W. Va.), which was the occa- sion of Logan's celebrated speech, commencing, — " I appeal to any white man to say if he ever entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not meat;" which will go down to all time, whether properly his or not as a sph ndid outburst of Indian eloquence. Heckewelder says he afterwards became addicteil to drinking, and was murdered, between Detroit and his own home, in October, 1781, while he was, at the time, sitting with his bhanket over his head, before a camp-fire, his elbows resting on his knees, when an Indian, who had taken some ofi'ense, stole behind him, and buried his tomahawk in his brains. or the Indians who occu]iied Bullalo Valley, nothing can lie positively ascertained, except that they belonged to the Muncy-Minsi or Wolf tribe of UNION COUNTY. 1333 the Lenni-Leuape. The valley was more a hunting- ground than a residence. Some remains have been I'oLiud at prominent points along the river, — as, for instance, at Colonel Slifer's house, on the river, above the mouth of Buffalo Creek, some skeletons, evidently of one family only, were uncovered. The large mounds were on the other side of the river, rn Joseph Nesbit's jilace ; and the principal towns or villages, Chillisquaque, at the mouth of that creek, south side, and Shamokin, on the island and main- land, where Sunburn- now stands. Michael Weyland was living on tiiis place in 1769. Hi.s application was the thirty-second drawn. He died on this place in 1772, leaving a widow, jSIagdaleua, and nine children, — Michael, Jr., Jacob, George, John, Samuel, Mary (married to Peter Swartz, Jr.), Margaret (to Christian Moyer), Catherine and Magda- lena. Magdalena, widow of Michael Weyland, was married to Peter Swartz, Sr. The latter then moved upon the place described as contain- ing three hundred acres at Sinking Spring. On the 18th of December, Mrs. Swartz took (uit letters of administration upon her former iius- band's estate, the first ever issued in Northum- berland County. Her account was filed Sep- • teinber 8, 1774, in which Peter Swartz joins. It lias an item on the debtor side of ileer-skins accepted for a debt dne tiie estate from Captain John Brady. This place was afterwards known in military annals as Fort Swartz. The family lived there and wei'e niarried.and Peter Swartz, Sr., owned all tlie land I'nini Dougal's to Dates- man's. John Mii'hael Eashor came from Bethel township, Berks County, in 1774, and bought a part of the " Jacob Rees " tract, near New Columbia, of Hawkins Boone. In April, 1777, he sold it to Richard Irwin, and moved down on the place of his father-in-law, Peter Swartz, Sr. In the first week of July, 1778, when the Indians were crowding down over the settle- ments,— it was the time of the great run- away,— the river was full of all sorts of boats and rafts loaded with their household goods. Boats, canoes, hog-troughs, rafts of all descriptions were in use. Whenever any ob- struction occurred at any shoal, the women woidd leap out into the water and put their shoulders to the raft or boat and launch it into deep water. The men of the settlement came down in single file along on each side of the river, to guard the convoy from the Indians, abandoning the whole range of farms on the West Branch to the savages. Michael Weyland, Jr., and another had pushed a boat over from the cast side and took up Bashor's goods, and then piislied out into the river. Bashor went to tiie stable and s:ot a o horse, and attempted to drive some cattle along the shore. When he got to the bluff at the lime- kiln, just by a red oak that was still standing a few years back, he wa.s fired upon by Indians in ambush and killed. Weyland and his com- rade, who were lying down in the boat, rose to fire, and Weyland was struck on the lip with a spent ball, the mark of which he carried to the grave. The Indians burned Peter Swartz's house to the ground. John Fisher lived at the time at Datesman's, and, with his two sisters, concealed themselves in the straw in the barn, and ex- pected every moment to be burned up; but the Indians went into Hoffman's house, just above, and carried out a good many articles, among the rest a clock. They seated themselves to exam- ine the clock, when Aaron Norcro.ss, John Fisiicr, Jr., and others who had gathered, hal- looed and startled them off, leaving their plunder. This old clock is still in the possession of Jacob Hoffman, living in the Muncy Hills. The j)eo- ple returned after the peace. The daughter of Bashor (Catliarine) married Jacob Wolfe, and is the motiier of Samuel and Jonathan Wolfe. As you jiass there, on the hill-side, just beyond the stump of an apple- tree, the spot where Bashor was buried is pointed out ; and his bloody clothes were pre- served in the garret of his father's house, in Berks County, for many yeai's, and his vest is in the possession of William H. Bashor, at Pleasant Hill, Ohio. George Hoffman became owner of the place, and it is mentioned in history tliat his dauo-h- ters poled the ferry-boat over. Hoffman sold the placeto John Boal in 1810, who died there in 1819. John Boal was a younger son of a good family from the north of Ireland ; married to a Sawyer. He was a prom- 1334 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. iiieut man, aud was foreman of the first grand jury of Union County. His daughter Eliza- beth married Mathew Laird ; Mary, John Rez- nor; Sophia, Samuel Woods ; Margaret; Mary married J. Foster Wilson, of Hartleton. In the spring of 1775 Yost Hoffman, of Lancaster County, blacksmith, bought of Jacob Baker the place next above Dalesman's. As has been mentioned, Derr bought the sixth part of the Ewiug. Christian Diehl (written Dale) lived on it, near the iron bridge. John Beeber's father's term of service was pur- chased by him from his captain whose ship he came over in, aud he helped Diehl clear that place in 1772. Adam Beeber then returned to Phila- delphia, served five years in the army, afterwards coming to Muncy, where he settled and died. Where Thomas Ream lives now, on the 14th of July, 1 780, lived a man named Allen, hav- ing a wife and three children. The Indians came upon them ; the woman escaped across the creek, and, looking back, saw an Indian dash out the brains of the youngest child against a tree. The husband and the two other children were also killed ; and a marsh by the road near Martin Meixell's was long haunted with the ghost of a horse and boy, fourteen years old, shot there in 1782. Looking up from this latter point, you see the stone house on the hill, " Fairview," of Rev. Jacob Rodenbaugh. William Wilson, son of James, bought this of his father, 1771, the John Moore warrantee. He was then unmarried; boarded at a house in Mortonsville; walked over every morning to his clearing, where he settled in 1772, and where he died in 1824. If you started along that road, laid out in 1802 from John Boal's ferry, passing Andrew Heckle's, the first house you came to was that of William Clingan, Esq., at the Little Buffalo, where he came iu 1800. He came from Mount Joy, Lancaster County, was married to Jane, a daughter of Rev. John Roan ; died May 24, 1822, aged sixty-four years, leaving children, — Margaret, wife of Thomas Scott; Ann, wife of Joseph Lawson ; Thomas ; Elizabeth, mar- ried to Thomas Barber; George and Flavel. Flavol Roan in his diary of March 1812, says of the marriaire of the Clinffaus : "March 19th, James Lawsou to Nancy Clingan. Calf and two turkeys killed. Twenty-six strangers at the wedding. March 26th, Thomas Barber to Betsey Clingan. Groom came with fourteen attend- ants; thirty-seven strangers, altogether. 27th, twenty strangers, beside the bride and groom, breakfasted at Cliugan's; twenty-two of us left Clingan's with the bride and groom ; four joined us at Doctor Van Val- zah's ; went to Esquire Barber's, where there was a very large party and much dancing, although Quak- ers.'' On that old road the next place that is marked is William Chamberlin's. Jacob Grozean, or French Jacob, was settled here iu 1769. This was one of the officers' warrants to Captain Kern, two hundred and eighty seven acres. John Bear of Lancaster, bought the property of William Charters in September, 1784, and erected the first grist-mill. The saw-mill he added in 1787, and iu 1790 he had with them an oil and saw-mill. The next owner was Colonel William Cham- berlin. Colonel Chamberlin came from Hun- terdon County, N. J., where he was born September 25, 1736. Served as lieutenant- colonel in Secontl Regiment, Colonel David Chambers, his commission bearing date 9th September, 1777, in November of which year, by order of Governor Livingston, he was di- rected to call on Messrs. Penn & Chew, at the Union Iron-Works, to conduct them to Wor- cester, Mass., and deliver them to the Coun- cil of that State ; was also directed to pur- chase, in Connecticut or Massachusetts Bay, twenty thousand flints for the Council of New Jersey ; participated in the battle of Mon- mouth, where his eldest sou, Lewis, was killed by a cannon-ball ; moved into our valley in 178,"'), and on the 1 6th of August, ] 794, married his fourth wife, Mary Kemble. He was the father of twenty- three children, fifteen of whom were born in Now Jersey. Of his children, Nelly married John Lawshe, Sr. ; Ann, John Ross ; Ijucretia, Christian Nevis; William; Enoch; Teubrooke ; Sarah, married to James Wilson ; Uriah ; Elizabeth, to Wm. McCreery ; Aaron came with him. His fourth wife's children were John, James, Lewis, IMary, Frances (married to John Linn), JosejJi P., James D. and Moses, the latter still residing at JMilton. UNION COUNTY. 1335 This property was sold by the Chamberlin heirs to John M. Van Valzah, who sold it to Cyrus Hoffa, by whom it has been ojjerated for twenty years. Retracing the road from Chamberlin 's, we pass the " Richard Edwards" (Stoltzfus' place lately), where there was an Indian field and plum orchard, mentioned in the application for it. At Kelly Point, in the old house now torn away, on the north side of the road, the Rev. Thomas Hood lived — one of the social houses of the day. At the point where the store stands, in the days of the Ilorus mullicauHs, he planted a grove of the broad-leaved mulberry, but the cold killed his silk-worms, and the place grew uji a thicket, where Mr. Hood spent many hours. It was called " Hood's Study." He had quite a Latin school, often mentioned by Flavel Roan. Philip Gemberling bought this place. His son Benjamin cut down the thicket and built a store-room, and Spencer Beaver, who was suc- ceeded by Albright Hock, and he made it a post-office. He sold out to A. A. Diifenderfer, who has sold to C. P. Glover. The store- keepei-s were the postmasters. Following the road west from Kelly Point, at Laird Howard's spring, an Indian im- provement is mentioned in the application of 1769. Here commences Colonel Francis' war- rant, bought by William Linn, and mentioned in his biography of James F. Linn, and fol- lowing the road toward Colonel Kelly's, is the scene of Captain Thompson's pathetic story, here given (see Linn's "Annals," p. 195, where will be found an interesting story, illustrating the story of Indian captives). Captain Thompson removed his family to Chester County, where they remained until after the Indian troubles were all over. They then returned, and he pnreliased of the Widow Dempsey the place now owned by Jacob Zie- liach, on Spruce Run, in Buffalo, and resided there until the year 1832, when he went to reside with his son-in-law, Boyd Smith (son of Gideon Smith, who lived at the mouth of Little Buffalo), near Jersey Shore, where he died February 9, 18;17, aged ninety-three years, nine months and nine davs. When ten vears .of age he was with his father at Braddock's defeat. He was a remarkable man in old age, often walking from Jersey Shore down into Buffalo Valley, a welcome guest in every house from Pine to Penn's Creek. His son William married Susan Linn in 1804, and removed to Sugar Creek, Venango County. Their son James died from an explosion, which took place in his store in 1S;3.3. He was carrying out ashes in an empty keg, as he supposed, but which had several pounds of powder in it. Ann married John B. McCalmont, Esq., nephew of old Judge Mc- Calmont. She died in 1849. John Linn Thompson died in Venango, leaving a family. William resides in New Brighton, Beaver County. Farther west by Spruce Creek was the hero of the valley, Colonel John Kelly, whose life has been told on page 104. Colonel Kelly's laud extended from Buffalo Creek all along up Spruce Run to the bend where it turns west of the line of Kelly town- ship. Joseph Spotts, Sr., settled at Kelly Cross- Roads at the beginning of the century. The brick house was built in 1821 by Joseph Spotts, Jr., who built the store in 1847, where John L. Comp started a store in 1847, for two years, when Lewis Spotts succeeded, and died in about three years. Daniel D. Guldin came there in 1852, succeeded by Thomas Arbuckle, who was there until 1864. Then came Kline & Hock. Samuel A. Walters bought at the death of Spotts. Jas. A. Henry succeeded him. There was a pocket post-office there in 1868, and a regular post-office was established by Kline & Hock. Jacob Baker carried the mail twice a week to Milton. Hock started in at Kelly Point, but coming back to Kelly Cross-Roads, is still there, and the mail is daily. WEST MILTON, OR DATESMAN'.S. West Milton, or Datesman's, is situated just opposite the town of Milton and opposite the island known in an early day as Marcus Hul- ings'. The first bridge across the river here was built ill 1822 or 182.3 by Abram Straub, con- tractor, and stood until 1865, when the great flood of that year swept it away. The present J 336 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. bridge was built in 1867. In 1834 George Bennage owned the land at tbe west end of the river bridge, and his house, which stood across the street from where John Datesman now re- sides, was the only house near the bridge. In that year John Datesman and Jacob Keiser came up from Northampton County and bought the land from George Bennage at twenty-five dollars per acre. Datesman took two acres at the end of the bridge and Keiser took the rest of the farm and occupied the old house for seven or eight years, when he built the brick house now owned by B. F. Keiser, a short distance south of the old one. In 1834 John Datesman built what has since been known as Datesman's store. The original building still stands, though added to and remodeled. The store was opened in the spring of 1835 and from that time until 1882 John Datesman carried on an extensive business in general merchandise as well as a large grain trade. In 1882 he sold the building and store to Ephraim Datesman, his son, who had been a partner ^vith him for some ten or twelve years, and who still continues the busi- ness. During the first year Mr. Datesman stored his grain in the loft of the store. In 1835 he put up a substantial grain house which stood until 1859, when the large warehouse, which now stands near the bridge, was built. For several years from five to ten thousand bushels of grain were bought at this jioint, the amount increasing until M'ithin the last few- years it has reached one hundred and twenty- five thousand bushels. The grain was hauled across the river or boated down the river to the Lewisburgh C'ross-Cut and shipped by canal, un- til the railroad was built to Milton. The Cata- wissa extension to Williamsport was built across the river here in 1870 and 1871, and the Sham- okiu, Sunbury and Lewisburgh Branch of the Reading in 1882. The latter road has erected a fine passenger transfer station at this place. Through the efforts of John Datesman, a post- office was established, about 1837, at West Mil- ton. He was appointed postmaster, and has been postmaster ever since. The jnipulation of the place is something over one hundred. Melanothon and Harrison Keiser laid out the original first lots in 1872, and since that time a number of improvements have been jjut up. B. F. Keiser laid out an addition in 1883. He also built a grain-house in that year and carries on a grain and coal business at the present time. Messrs. Hull & De Long put up a bark-mill at this place in 1881 and carried on the business of grinding bark for a short time. Mr. DeLoug was killed by going into a well they were dig- ging on the premises, soon after a blast had been fired and before the foul air had escaped. Short- ly after the building was destroyed by fire. In the winter of 1880 and 1881 the Union Pipe Line Company ran a line from Bradford, coming through Union County, to West Milton, where they built two oil-tanks on the Follmer farm. They ran a line across the river and put up loading racks along both the Catawissa and Pennsylvania Kailroads. Large quantities of crude oil were shipped over both roads, until the company extended their line south toward Philadelphia in 1883. In 1885 another tank was built, but little oil has been .shipped by rail since the line was extended. About a half-mile down the river from the bridge there was for years an old hotel called the "Travelers' Home," kept in 1834 by Hen- ry Zerby, and afterwards by John Werts and by Thomas Green. This was a great place for watermen and was run as a hotel luitil about twenty-fis'e years ago, when it was abandoned. Schools. — As early as 1800 schools were opened in this locality. Flavcl Roan taught in Northumberland in 171)0, later in Lewisburgli, then in Kelly, in a log school-house at James Wilson's, now (1886) G. A. Stahl'.s, where he remained until the spring of 1813. Linn taught there in 1818; John Dunlap, 1825; Peter Harsh, winters of 1832, '33, '34. Another school-house was built about 1809, on the west side of Thomas Howard's farm, Josiah Candor taught there at first ; Train taught here and in a new school-house on the cast side of the farm ; Rev. Thomas Hood taught the classics south (if Kelly's I'oint, near tiie banks of Buf- falo Creek, in 1805. Among his scholars were Dr. James S. Dougal, of Milton, Pa.; Dr. Wil- liam Wilson, of Centre County; Dr. Thomas Smiley, of Park Avenue, Piiiladelphia, author of Smiley's Geography. UNION COUNTY. 1337 January 14, 1809, Mr. Hood had a public exhibition, well attended. Free schools were established in 1837. Tlie directors were George Meixel, Joseph Spotts, John Hummel, Jacob Baker, G. Benuage and Daniel Kanffnian. Among the teachers are the following: I. G. Gordon, (judge of Supreme Court of Pennsyl- vania), William Leiser, Delos Height, J. M. Mack, Mr. Steninger. The schools of Kelly township in 1884 had three hundred and five puj)ils in the five dis- tricts, which are named as follows: Pine Grove, Hill, Rover's, Spotts', Hagenbach. St. Peter's Church (Reformed). — The early history of this church is an account of a Lutheran congregation formed, or about to be formed, some time about 1800. Before his death, Philip Stahl provided in his will that as soon as proper trustees should be designated, his executor should convey a tract of land for church and cemetery pur^joses, for the use of a Lutherau congregation. This purpose was car- ried out when Jacob Lotz, his executor, by deed dated August 13, 1802, conveyed to Chris- tian Zerbe and George Reininger seven acres and ninety-one perches in trust to and for the use of building or erecting a school-house and a German Lutheran Church on the same, and for a burving-y'round. About this time a log church was built, in which Lutheran meetings were held, and in which, at a later day, Reformed ministers also preached. The first church having insufficient accommodations, it was proposed that the Lu- therans and Reformed should unite in buildins a new house, in which each sect should have mu- tual interests. Accordingly, on the 24th of November, 1815, Christian Zerbe and George Reininger, trustees in the conveyance made by Jacob Lotz, executor of Philip Stahl, granted the full right unto the members of the Presby- terian congregation (German Reformed) of White Deer township, in common with the members of the Lutheran congregation of, in and to the aforesaid premises and chui-ch, when built, in considei'ation of the German Reformed congregation contributing to the l)iiilding of the church. For some cause a new church was not built at that time, and the old house was used 84 until 1819. On the 15th of May that year articles of association were drawn up between the two congregations, setting forth their rela- tions to the property, and a larger log house was built, which was remodeled in 1848, and weather-boarded. This building was known as the " St. Peter's Union Church" until 1877, when the Lutheran congregation decided to erect its own house of worship on a part of the lot above described, and opposite the old church, which, with its manse, now became the property of the Reformed congregation. This was their place of worship until 1879, when it was taken down and the jJresent fine edifice erected upon the site of the old church. The building com- mittee was composed of Henry Eisenhower, Levi Gemberling, George Brown, William Dieff- enderfer and Solomon Rank, who were gen- erously aided by the members of the congrega- tion, much of the labor being voluntarily done. The church is a two-story brick, forty by sev- enty feet, and is supplied with a shapely steeple. The lower story forms a lecture-room, in which a good Sunday-school is also maintained, and which is superintended by Uriah Eisenhower. The second story forms a fine auditorium, whose walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed. Both rooms are sujDplied with good organs. The congregation has about two hundred members and is under the pastoral care of the Rev. W. W. Clouser, who also serves the con- gregations at the Union and Messiah Churches. His predecessors were the Revs. Wiechaud, Reed, Bucher, Gring, Kieffer and others named in the sketch of the Dreisbach Church. In 1886 the consistory was composed of Henry Eisenhower and Joseph Moyer, elders ; Wil- liam DielFenderfer and Calvin Kieffer, deacons ; and Levi Gemberling, trustee. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — The congregation worshij^ping in this church were the original owners of the St. Peter's Church, as related in the foreo-oino- sketch, but withdrew in the summer of 1877, to establish itself in a new church building, erected that year, and which ^vas dedicated with the name at the head of this article. At the time building operations were begun John Grove was a trustee and John Wise, Jolin A. Keiser 1338 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and A. S. Hoch were committeemen to act in behalf of tiie congregation in securing a sepa- rate home for what was thenceforth to be known as the St. John's congregation. A site was selected upon Y>art of the old church lot, on the opposite side of the street, and a very hand- some brick edifice, forty-five by seventy feet, erected at a cost of more than five thousand dollars. It has a basement, fitted up for Sunday- school purposes, and in the second story an auditorium, which is handsomely finished. The fresco work is very fine for a country church, and the furniture and organs are in harmony with the general features of the build- ing. The external appearance is improved by a fine spire, in which is a clear-toned bell. The members of St. John's congregation first had the same ministry as the Dreisbach Church, and were under the pastoral care of the Rev. J. G. Anspach until 1880, when he was suc- ceeded by the present, Rev. S. F. Greenhoe. There are about two hundred and fifty mem- bers, having a consistoiy composed of Jacob Smith, Jacob Kostenbader, John Pawling, Levi Pawling, Uriah Dieffenderfer and C. A. Moll. A Sunday-school of about one hundred mem- bers has J. W. Hoch and L. F. Smith as its superintendents. A German Baptist meeting-house M^as built in the Roycr neighborhood about twenty- five years ago, in which meetings have been held by that sect with considerable regularity since. The house is a small frame, but has ample accommodations for those worshipping there, the membership never having been strong. No regular minister has been here maintained. A cemetery is connected with the church. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOHN E. MORGAN. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch, Thomas Morgan, came from Radnorshire, Wales, when nineteen years of age, and settled in Lower Merion township, Montgomery Coun- ty, Pa., some time before the Revolution. There he mai'ried Patience INIiller, of an old Friend's family, and had issue as follows, viz.: John; INIargaretta, who married John Elliott and dietl in 1850; Reuben ; William; and Josepli Charles, the latter of whom became owner of and sailed for many years vessels on the high seas, and was for some eight years in the United States gov- ernment diplomatic service, at Tripoli, Africa. He married Mary Ann Miller, who bore him three children, two of whom now reside at St. Paul, Minn. He died in 1860. The fourth child, William, married ]\Iary Evans (also of Friends' stock, the daughter of William and ^lary Evans, whose bones now lie in the old Radnor church- yard, Delaware County, Pa.), in March, 1805, the issue from which union being Thomas, born December 31, 1805, married Ellen Evans and since deceased; Mary Ann, born March, 1807; Patience, born 1809, died 1816; Joshua Evans, born 1811, died 1831 ; John Elliott, born April 1, 1813, married Catharine Wagner Rodenbaugh, December 22, 1861 ; Margaretta Elliott, born December 15, 1815, died August 21, 1849; Sarah Potts, born June 6, 1818, married Octo- ber 4, 1853, to William M. Lowman, of Dau- phin County, who died April 13, 1885; William, bornApril, 1820, died February, 1852; Patience Miller, born February 5, 1824, married Walter L. Trewiek, of Harrisburg, Pa., on March 22, 1864. In the War of 1812-14 William Morgan was captain of militia, and, during those troubulous times, was stationed several months below Mar- cus Hook, to prevent the expected coming of the British up the Delaware River, and with especial reference to guarding the only powder- mills of the country, those of the Du Pouts, lo- cated near Wilmington, Del. From papers in possession of the family we copy the following interesting document, viz. : " Received December 16, 1814, from Captain Wil- liam Morgan, of First Compiiny, Sixty-fifth Regi- ment, First Brigade, Second Division, Pennsylvania Militia, the following articles of camp equipage into the State Arsenal : ninety-seven cartouch-boxes and belts and scabbards ; seventy-five haversacks ; ninety- two knapsacks; ninety-four canteens; three water buckets ; twenty-seven camp-kettles ; twenty-nine mess-pans ; two axes ; twenty common tents ; three UNION COUNTY. 1339 wall tents, with flies ; fifteen sett poles ; four sett wall tent poles; ninety-eight muskets, with bayonets. "William Allex, "Assistant Brigade Inspector." Captain William Morgan and his loving con- sort had the happiness of a long life in the so- ciety of a large and useful family, enjoying each other's presence no less than fifty-five years, all of which time was spent upon the old homestead, and being separated by the death of the father. On the side of Mrs. Morgan we find John and Catharine (Jones) Wagner were residents of Lower Merion township, Montgomery County, and had issue — -Charles, John, William, George, Jacob, Ann (who married Edward Pechin and is now living in Radnor, Delaware County, Pa.) ; Susan J. (who married Elder Jacob Ro- denbaugh, as elsewhere stated) ; INIary Jane (who married Robert Hunter and emigrated to Tas- mania in 1840, where they now reside; their (2J^^ ^ '9/U^^-^^^^ August 28, 1859. Mrs. Morgan did not long survive her husband, following him of whose life she was a part January 8, 1862. Part of the property on which Thomas Morgan settled is now Bryn Mawr, one of Philadelphia's most beautiful suburbs. The ninechildren of William and Mary Evans Morgan were born and raised on the family es- tate, locally known as jMorgan's Corners, more generally known as Radnor Station, Pennsyl- vania Railroad. journey occupied six months and Mrs. Hunter was the first American lady to land in that far- off country); and Elizabeth. John married Sarah Johnson, both now deceased; William married Abigail Reese, now deceased ; George married Sarah Ann Moyer, of Roxborough, and is now deceased. Jacob married and has since died. Elizabeth married Godfrey Hawk, of Sussex County, N. J., where they now reside. Susan J., born July 23, 1808, married Jacob Rodenbaugh, (born February 12, 1812, in Mont- 1340 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. gomery County, Pa.), January 7, 1836, and bore seven children, viz. : Catharine Wagner, born November 9, 1836, married John E. Morgan, December 22, 1861 ; Margaret R., born Febru- ary 1, 1838, married Sylvanus G. Bennett, now residing, with three living children, in Lewis- burgh; Annie Pechin, born August 5, 1839, married George M. Slifer, residing, with four children, in Winfield, Union County; John Wagner, born July 1, 1841, married Elizabeth Ammon, residing, with two children, in Lewis- burgh; Mary Jane, born May 4, 1843, married Edwin W. Rawn, now residing, with one daugh- ter, Mary, in Hunterdon (bounty, N. J.; Eliza- beth Hawk, bom March 2, 1845, married Dr. William E. Cornog, residing, with one child, Jacob R., in Woodbury, Bedford County, Pa.; Isaac Newton, born October 16, 1846, died No- vember 30, 1847. Elder Jacob Rodenbauo-h has been in active ministry in the Christian Church over fifty years, filling pulpits near Newport, Perry Coun- ty, Pa.; Gulf Mills, Montgomery County, Pa.; Lewisburgh, twelve years; and in Hunterdon County, N. J., eight years. He was school di- rector in Kelly township some nine years, and, associated with Judge Cyrus Hoffa, was instru- mental in building several of the handsome schools now found in the township. He has been married over fifty years, and celebrated his golden wedding on January 7, 1886, (d.v.). His father, Isaac Rodeubaugh, born in Berks County, October 23, 1772, married Margaret Stellwagon, born in Delaware County, INIay 19, 1772, of the well-known Germautown family, one of the daughters of which family married Edwin M. Lewis, of Philadelphia. In 1865 Mr. Morgan removed from Delaware County to Chillisquaque township, Northum- berland County, and there lived eight years; thence to Lewisburgh for five years, finally settling down in their present home in 1878. While residing in Lewisburgh Mr. Morgan was elected burgess of that borough, but at the ex- piration of his term of office, desirous of quiet and relief from politics, retired to one of his farms; and it is only from the desire to see the cause of education advanced that he has filled the position of school director during the past six years, having been president of the board for several years. Although even now beyond the allotted days of man, he is hale, hearty and vigorous, and gives personal supei'vision to his farm proper- ties; and, taking this fact in connection with his well-known life-long abstinence from to- bacco, with its enervating effects, we may de- duce a highly valuable moral. Mr. Morgan is not a church member, but attends the Christian Church at Lewisburgh, of which congregation his wife is a consistent member. His political affinities are Republican. In the pleasant home, overlooking Lewisburgh and the beautiful Buf- falo Valley, may be found several relics of days long past, among them being a Bible printed in the Welsh language in 1813; a handsome ma- hogany arm-chair, sitting in which the old pa- triot, Charles Thomson, permanent secretary of the Colonial Congress, attached his name to the many interesting documents requiring such sig- nature. This chair was presented by him to Mrs. Margaretta Elliott, at whose death it came into possession of her brother. Captain William Morgan, and thence to his son, our subject. The old rocking-chair in which the nine chil- dren of William Morgan's family were rocked to slumber in their early years is also an hon- ored inmate of the home wherein John E. INIor- gan lives a calm, happy life, surrounded by lov- ing wife, relatives and friends, doing good as occasion offers and rendering proper account of his stewardship. CHAPTER X, WHITE DEER TOWNSHIP.' The formation of this township will be found in the general account of the formation of the county. The earliest surveys on the present territory were made on applications dated April 3, 1760, numbered in the order in which they were drawn from the wheel or box, and orders of survey had thereon. John Hoffman, in right of Michael Deet, No. 'By J. Men-ill Linn, Esq. UNION COUNTY. 1341 189, had three hundred acres located and sur- veyed on the run where the White Deer and Kelly township line strikes the river, and ex- tended north from a black oak (of John Fislier's survey in Kelly's), at the river, two hundred and forty-two perches. Next north on the river was the .Jonathan Pingley, No. 185, sur- veyed October 21, 1769, for James Parr. William Armstrong had squatted and com- menced an improvement on the land now known as tiie William Stadden farm, justwhere the road strikes the run, a half-mile south of New Columbia, at what was known as the Old Ferry, in the year 1769, aud he had made an application. No. 711, for three hundred acres at the same place. In 1771 Parr and Armstrong agreed to divide the land in front along the river so as to include Parr's improvement, and Armstrong took the south half, including his improvement. Samuel Dale bought of Parr the northern portion and moved on it, and was residing tiiere in a house near New Colum- bia in 1774. He removed to Buffalo township in 1793, but purchased the other part of Armstrong in 1794. In the division made by Parr aud Armstrong, they encroached on the Ernest Burk land, a tract belonging to Hawkins Boone. April 5, 1774, a warrant issued in the name of Ernest Burk, for three hundred acres, joining Diet- rick Reese, Jacob Reese, Jonathan Pingley and William Armstrong, in Buffalo township, North- umberland County, 20th of April, the purchase money paid to the proprietaries. On the 11th and 13th of March, 1776, Haw- kins Boone procured a survey to be made under this warrant, upon the land described, by Hen- derson, the deputy surveyor, who, upon a draft of the survey, wrote the following memorandum : " Draught of a tract as situated in White Deer township, formerly Buffalo, Northumberland County, surveyed in dispute between William Armstrong and Hawkins Boone." Hawkins Boone was killed by the Indians, and his house and papers burned at the taking of Foi't Free- laud, on the Warrior's Run, on the 28th of July, 1779. In 1785 a judgment was obtained against the administrators of Hawkins Boone, and the land sold to Evans. This back land included the premises in con- troversy. Accordingly, when, in the year 1 773, one Henry settled down on the land in contro- versy, Armstrong drove him off, and in March, 1776, he caused a survey to be made on his ap- plication by the deputy surveyor, and took in part of the laud in dispute. April 25, 1794, Armstrong conveyed to Dale his application, and on the 4th of May a survey was made for Dale, which extended the lines so as to include three hundred and twenty acres, comprehending more of Boone's survey. Dale also became the owner of PiiTgley's application. Nargong became the owner of Dale's claim. In an ejectment brought by Evans against Nargong, it was held that there was enough to show that Boone was the owner of the Burk, having used Burk's name, or he became the owner by purchase immediately after, and that Armstrong, being only the owner of the Pingley, had no right to make an addition to the survey without an order of the Land Office. Daniel Nargong made an improvement on Dog Run, as it was called, near the site of New Columbia, in 1771. There was an old In- dian fort there. In quite a number of appli- cations of 1769 mention is made of an old In- dian fort aud town on the Deitrick Rees tract. It was laid out May 5, 1818, as a town, for David Yoder, proprietor, (recorded in Deed Book F, page 306). It is a place of about one hundred houses, store, hotel, post-office and ex- press-office, located on the Catawissa and Wil- liamsport road, a branch of the Reading, and contains three hundred inhabitants. Parr was a lieutenant in Captain John Low- den's company, First Rifle Regiment, Colonel Wra. Thompson, and rose to the rank of major; served brilliantly in command of the riflemen under Morgan at Saratoga and Stillwater, and uuder Sullivan in 1779. The regiment is men- tioned at the siege of Boston, and Parr partic- ularly. The company, having served their term, enlisted for three years or the war under Parr as captain. North of the Jonathan Pingley survey, which extends two hundred and tliirty-four perches along the river, comes the Deitrick Rees survey, made October 23, 17C9. New Columbia is lo- 1342 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. cated on the southeast corner of it. North of Deitrick Rees the John Zimmerman application was surveyed October 22, 1769, extending from a locust, one hundred and fifty-five perches up the river. Robert McCorley purchased and settled upon this tract in 1784; he died in 1793, leaving a widow and children, — Anna Isabella, wife of Wm. McLaughlin ; Mary Seidel ; Rob- ert McCorley, who died December 11, 1869, aged eighty-six years; James, who died in 1808; Roland, who was still living in 1877 ; and Jacob McCorley, Esq., member of Assembly 1846-47, who died April 15, 1872, aged eighty- two. North of the McCorley jDlace the John Pot- ter application, No. 220, April 3, 1769, was surveyed October 23, 1769, two hundred and twenty acres, extending one hundred and seven- teen perches up the river from black oak of John Zimmerman (or McCorley place) survey. General James Potter came to Northumberland County soon after the purchase of 1768, and settled upon this place. In 1774 he reaioved to Peun's Valley. (See Everts' " History of Cen- tre and Clinton Counties," page 402, for fall no- tice of him.) The place is still in tlie tenure of his descendants, the Ards. North of the John Potter survey, on the river, the Elizabeth Blythe application was sur- veyed, No. 515, September 26, 1774, running two hundred and thirty-six perches up the river; and north of Elizabeth Blythe the Margaret Blythe, running two hundred and fifty-eight perches up to the mouth oi' White Deer Creek. Wra. Blythe was an Indian trader at Shippens- burg in 1748, and a lieutenant in the Erench and Indian War in 1758. For his services in the matter of the murder of White Mingo (de- tailed iu Linn's " Annals," page 25), he received these two tracts of land, surveyed in names of his daughters. His cabin stood on Red Bank Run, on tlie Elizabeth Blythe tract, below late Samuel Henderson's brick house, where he be- gan a clearing in 1769. It is marked on an old survey as standing twenty-five rods from the river on the run. He lived to be a very old man, within the reccollection of Roland Mc- Corley, who said he was a tall man and in latter years quite blind. His daugiiter Margaret married Captain John Reed, who commanded the celebrated " Paxtang Boys ;" he died before 1778 ; their descendants live in Hartley town- ship. Wm. Reed's widow married Captain Charles Gillespie, an officer in the Revolution- ary War ; she died in Hartley township at her son's, AVm. Reed's, and is buried iu the Keister grave-yard. Elizabeth married Dr. Joseph Eakers, who had been a surgeon in the Revolu- tionary War. They sold their place in October, 1798, to James Hepburn, and it is now owned by heirs of Samuel Henderson. Margaret's place 23assed into the hands of late Daniel Ludwig. North of the Margaret Blythe and north of White Deer CVeek, the Charles Iredell a]3plica- tion, No. 594, April 3, 1769, was surveyed and patented to Jesse Lukens in 1774. White Deer Mills Village is on this tract. The survey extended up the river two hundred and seventy perches from the mouth of White Deer Creek, then called AVhite Elint Creek, to a stone mark- ed H and a sugar-tree. Peter Smith settled on this tract soon after it was surveyed. Lukens, the rightful owner, bought it iu 1772, which was abated by Smith's death in 1773. Smith's widow, Cath- erine, held on to the premises. In her jjetition to the General Assembly, indorsed as read De- cember 8, 1785, she says, — "She was left a widow, with ten children, with no estate to support this family, except a location for three hundred acres, including the mouth of White Deer Creek, whereon is a good mill-seat ; and a grist and saw-mill being much wanted in this new country, at that time, she was often solicited to erect said mills. At length, in 1774, she borrowed money, and in June, 1775, completed the mills, which were of great advantage to the country, and the following summer built a boring-mill, where a great number of gun-barrels were bored for the continent, and a hemp- mill. The Indian war soon after coming on, one of her sons, her greatest help, went into the army, and, it is believed, was killed, as he never returned; the said mills soon became a frontier, and in July, 1779, the Indians burned the whole works. She returned to the ruins in 1783, and was again solicited to re- build the grist and saw-mills, which she has, with much difficulty accomplished, and now ejectments are brought against her by Jlessrs. Claypool and Morris, and she, being now reduced to such low circumstances as renders her unable to sujjport actions at law, and, thereffire, 2)rays relief, etc." UNION COUNTY. 1343 The facts set forth in this memorial are cer- tified to by "William Blythe, Charles Gillespie, Colonel John Kelly, James Potter, the younger, and many other citizens of Northumberland County. The Legislature, of course, could grant no re- lief, under the circumstances, and the petition was dismissed. Ho\v long the litigation went on we are unable to determine; but in 1801, Seth Iredell took possession of the premises as tenant of Claypoole and Morris. She is said to have walked to Philadelphia and back thirteen times on this business. Her house was where Dr. Dauowsky lived, part of the old stone house being still used as a kitchen. She was buried in the old settlers' grave-yard, which was at the corner of the Dan Caldwell barn. Her bones were disturbed in ^Ir. Caldwell's time, in erect- ing a sheep-pen, and were identified by old Mr. Huif, by her peculiar, projecting teeth. Some years since an old man came to the place and desired to look about the old dwelling. He spent several hours about the place. When leaving, he said he had come in from Ohio to see it ; that he was a son of Catherine Smith, and that if justice had been done her, they would still own the place. White Deer Mills. — After the death of Caldwell, the mills were bought by Henry High. April 2-5, 1850, they were burned and five thousand dollars worth of grain burned with them. It was rebuilt by Henry High, who failed under his misfortunes, and it was sold by the sheriff and purchased by John Bower and Candor. Dr. Dauowsky sold to A. Pardee. Robert Candor dying, his interest was sold to Thompson Bower and J. N. Messinger, who afterwards purchased Pardee's interest. The mill has been entirely refitted as a roller, and run under the firm-name of R. M. Griffey &Co. Catharine Smith obtained possession as late as 1797. She had three sons, — Peter, John and Ludwig. In 1802 Seth Eredell, tenant under Anthony Morris, had a three-story stone grist-mill there, and furnished flour for the army in 1812—14. After which it passed into the possession of Daniel Caldwell, Esq., who died in possession. It is fifty by eighty feet, six stories, two reliance Turbine water-wheels, equal to sixty horse-power; also one of R. W. Payne & Son's automatic cut-off engines, fifty horse-power. This mill, when owned by Henry High, who had the store and mill, took quite a leap for- ward and quite a number of substantial brick houses were erected, and received the name of Hightown. The hotel was then built aud the bridge over the creek It is on the Catawissa and Williamsport branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad ; population, two hundred and fifty ; nine miles north of Lewisburgh ; has express and telegraph communication. Post- office name, AVhite Deer Mills. Above the place lived one of the most remarkable and prominent men of the valley, Daniel Caldwell. He appears to have come there in 1810, and besides being an active busi- ness man, and accumulating property, he en- gaged in the politics of the day with ardor. He was county commissioner in 1813, a mem- ber of the Legislature in 1821, and a member of the constitutional convention, but died August 16, 1836, at the age of sixty, before its deliberations had rightly begun. Mr. Banks noticed his death in the convention, and Mr. Merrill spoke of him. It was said of him, " No man in the convention stood fairer or higher." West of the Ii-edell survey was the Michael Gilbert three hundred and five acres, on which White Deer Woolen Factory stands. The AVhite Deer Woolen Mills. — They were built in 1850, by Isaac Statten, John Finney, David INIarr and David Steminger, Statten, ^larr & Co., beginning this work in the woods in the latter part of 1849, and the machinery was put in 1850-51. The first sea- son the hands lived in shanties in the woods, until houses were built. The firm of 'Slarr & Griffey succeeded, and that by Marr, Griffey & Co., until David Marr's death. Griffey & Brumbaugh next, in 1864, and they were washed out by a sudden flood August 17, 1867; The White Deer Creek is noted for such. It lay theu idle until 1872, when Mr. Pardee became a partner with Benjamin Griffey, under the title of B. Griffey & Co. The dam and walk 1344 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. were rebuilt and a hat manufactory added with a capacity of three liundred dozens a day. This mill manufactured cassimeres, tricot, diagonal, tweed, flannels, worsted goods and yarns. During the war they made fifty thousand army blankets. It was burned to the ground Au- gust 30, 1879, and has remained in ruins. It was insured to the amount of fifty-five thousand five hundred dollars, but the loss besides this was one hundred thousand dollars, and one hundred and thirty-five hands thrown out of employment. Mr. Griffey was a practical mill-wright and bridge-builder, and of the best in the country, and it was conceded that the mill, built under his supervision, was an elegant and substantial affair. It is driven bv water ; a wheel still standing to this day, escaping the fire, is con- sidered a marvel of workmanship ; eighty-five horse-power. The building, with basement, six story, forty-eight by eighty feet with annex for the hat factory forty-five by seventy-two feet. The woolen mill had four setts, and the reputation of the goods manufactured was wide- spread. By the time the mills were built there was a handsome and substantial village of seventeen cottages around it, upon which no expense was spared. Tiie factory building itself was originally built by Benjamin Griffey, as also the White Deer grist-mill at the same time and at the mouth of the White Deer Creek, a large saw- mill, which was swept away in 1865. Next west, Wm. McCorkle, three hundred and nineteen acres, on which " Barnett's cabin " is marked by surveyor who surveyed it Octo- ber 23, 1769 ; next west, along the creek dividing it on both sides, as do the others, the John Littlehojj's three hundred and four acres, surveyed on December, 1772 ; all under apj^li- cation of April 3, 1769. The furnace of Kaufman & Reber, grist and saw-mills are on the John Littlehop's. Samuel Fisher settled upon it as early as 1775, and had a saw-mill tiiere in 1778. It was burned by the Indians. Tiie mill irons, which they had hidden, were found many years afterwards by Daniel Cald- well. FoRE.ST Ieox Woeks. — In November, 1845, Green, Howard & Green commenced erecting the Forest Iron Works. It was a charcoal furnace. The change of the tariff brought bankruptcy, and in 1849 it was in the hands of the .sheriff. Kaufman & Reber bought it for seven thous- and dollars in 1850. It never was operated successfully. It bankrupted Kaufman and Reber, came into the hands of A. Pardee and he had to shut down in it as too expensive. West of the Littlehops lie John Titsworth, etc., surveyed under warrants of the 10th of March, 1794. Nittany Mountain, south of these, was taken up by warrants in the name of J. Owen Foulke, dal., dated March 10, 1794. Along the north branch of Buffalo Creek with the land was taken up and surveyed in 1772, '73, 76, Humphrey Montgomery warrant (Mar- tin Keiffer's place in 1813), 10th of June, 1772, the old J. F. Beck place Neal Conley warrant, March 7, 1776 ; Cadwalader Evans, west of Humphrey Montgomery, was surveyed to John Kelley, April 2, 1773; Evandale north of Cadwalader Evans, March 7, 1776. There were settlers along the northwest branch of I-iittle Buffalo Creek near Nittany mountain, at a very early date, in 1779. Ill May John Sample and wife were killed. The inhabitants had mostly left the valley. The militia were out, under Colonel Kelly. — William Lyon's Let- ter May 13. This marauding party consisted of from fifteen to seventeen Indians. Christian Van Gundy, Sr., was one of a party with Henry Vandyke, who went up to bring these old people away. (They lived on a farm lately owned by Abrani Leib near Ramsey's sch(jol-liouse, in White Deer, where their graves may still be seen.) Van Gundy was a sergeant and had six men in his party. Six more were to follow them the nepct day. After Van Gundy got there, he had slabs put up against the door, and water carried upon the loft. After dark an Indian came around the house, barking like a dog and rubbing against the door. They paid no attention, but lay down and slept until about three A. M., when Van Gundy got up and lighted a fire. The Indians then surrounded the house, and mounting a log ujion their shoulders, tried to beat in the door. Those inside then fired, wound- ing two, whom they saw carried off. An Indian then came around behind the house and set it on fire. Van Gundy mounted the loft, knocked oft' some of the roof, and put out the fire. In this encounter he was struck on the leg by a spent ball, which marked him for some time. Another of the party had his UNION COUNTY. 1345 side whiskers shot off. When daylight came they put it to vote whether they should remain in the house or try to get off. Two voted to stay, four to go. On opening the door they found an Indian chief lying dead in front of it. Van Gundy took the In- dian's rifle, Vandyke his powder-horn, which was still in the possession of John Vandyke, in Illinois, some years ago. The Indians came on suddenly, with loud yells, and the men separated. Van Gundy, with his two guns, fled into a ravine, and tried to get the old people to follow him. They refused, and followed the young folks, one of whom, Adam Ranck, said was their son. Van Gundy said he soon heard several shots. These killed the old people, who were scalped and left to lie. The Indians followed them several miles. Van Gundy said he never expected to get out alive, but with his two guns he thought he could kill two at least. He made a circuit of seven miles, and came out at Derr's mill. Colonel Kelly pursued this party ; he had a dog that could follow an Indian trail, and, coming pretty close, would immediately drop. On this occurring. Colonel Kelly separated his party, and they made a circuit. As Kelly glided very quietly through the wood, he suddenly stepped into a hole, made by an up-rooted tree. Glancing along it, to his surprise, he saw five Indians sitting like turkeys on the trunk. He made a hole through the root, and leveled his rifle. Simultaneously there was the crack of rifles from the opposite side. Four Indians fell, and, notwithstanding their utmost exer- tions, the fifth escaped. This dog was of great ser- vice to the colonel. During this summer, most of the inhabitants of the Valley, or at least their families, had abandoned it. The men left usually occupied their homes, had signals of alarm, upon which they assembled at some point agreed upon. Colonel Kel- ly's cabin stood in front of the present building, ufar the spring, at the present road. He was awakened one night by the growls of this dog. He had a hole cut in the door for observation, and, as it was then getting daylight, he could see something moving among the bushes, at the end of an oak log, that laid across Spruce Run. On closer inspection he saw an Indian. He took aim at a spot above the log, and when the Indian raised his head, fired. The ball passed clear through his head, killing him instantly. He buried him himself in the little lot by the spring, marking the grave by a large stone, and kept the secret many years, not telling even his nearest neigh- bor or friend, knowing that there was no city of ref- uge to protect him from the vengeance of the next of kin, an Indian law that proves our common origin. No time or distance overcame it. There occurred one case in the Valley of the killing of an Indian, which was avenged many years after, when the set- tler had removed to Kentucky. The Indian was ap- prehended, and confessed that he had often sought the opportunity to kill the man here, but was as often foiled, and he followed him to Kentucky, and dogged him many years before it came. On Little Buffalo on the southern line of the township stands Jonas Ranch's mill, on the Wil- liam liobb survey of October 26, 1773, war- ranted July 16, 1773. On the 1st of Decem- ber, 1774, William Robb and Olive, his wife, sold Henry Titzell fift}' acres. The same year Titzell built the mills where he was assessed in 1775 with grist and saw-mill. Titzell's mill was a rendezvous during the Revolution, and a station of the defenders of the frontiers. Titzell never returned from Cumberland County after the great runaway of 1778, and we find Neigal Gray, of Northampton County, in possession in 1783, and a conveyance from Titzell to Gray on the 5th of May, 1786. Gray died the same year, and his son John took the tract, who, with Jane, his wife, sold to George Reniger on the 18th of April, 1796. Reniger failed. It was at one time owned by Colonel Aaron Chamberlin, who in 1824, tried his best to get the line of Kelly run north of him. Chamberlin sold to Martin Rudy, who sold to David H. Kelly, in 1859, and within a few years it was bought by Jonas Rauch, the pres- ent owner. Xeigal Gray was lieutenant colonel of William Cook's Twelfth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Continental Line, commissioned Septem- ber 28, 1776, and fought in the battles in New Jersey and at Brandywine and Germantown. He was cashiered for some misconduct during the winter at Valley Forge. He removed to White Deer township in 1 783. His son John was a well known character in after years in White Deer. Across the meadow from Colonel Aaron Chamberlin's Mill eastward, settled Matthew Laird, who is the ancestor of a large generation. He came originally from Ireland, where his son James was born. He was a wagoner M'ith Gen- eral Braddock's army, and was in Colonel Dun- bar's camp when the news came back of Gen- eral Braddock's defeat, July 9, 1755. He says, " a wounded officer was carried into camp on a sheet; then they beat to arms, on which the wasroncrs and many common soldiers took to flight, in spite of the sentries, who forced many to return, but many got away, among them, 1346 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. this examinaut." His daughter, Isabella Black, was twelve years old wheu he came to White Deer. Matthew Laird died in August, 1821. His children were James, John, Isabella, mar- ried to James Black, Moses, (father of R. H. Laird, Esq., died November 7, 1885, age nine- ty) who died in Deny, in January, 1816, Mar- garet, married to John Blakeuey, Matthew, M'ho died in Tiifin, Ohio, Elizabeth, and Ann. Mo- ses married Jane Hayes, and their sou. Rever- end ]\Iatthew, married a Miss Myers, and went out as missionary to Africa, October 15, 1833, dying there, May 4, 1834. Their other chil- dren were John, Mrs. McCalmont, Mrs. Joseph Milliken, of Clinton County, married Wil- liam Caldwell. Matthew Young lived on the place known as the Gabriel Huntingdon. For the story of his daughter's captivity, see Linn's Annals, 195. The ancestors of Judge Alexander Jordan were early residents of AVhite Deer; his grand- father Samuel Jordan lived a little west of Wm. Stadden's farm not far from the old ferry. Mr. Richard Irwin, who died November 21, 1882, at Franklin, Venango County, Pa. His father removed in May, 1802, to Cherry tree Market, Venango County. The judge was many years deputy surveyor, located in 1818 in Susque- hanna and Waterford turnpike between Frank- lin and Meadville, and in December, 1838, was commissioned by Governor Ritner as associate judge of Venango County. The grant of the I'oad from Bald Eagle to Sunbury is copied here to show where the old settlers lived, — " From a white oak in the Nar- rows, between White Deer and Buffalo Valleys, two miles ninety-nine perches, to Smith's mills, (now Candor's); thence to white oak, west side of Blythe's mill (which was prol)ably nearer the mouth of the creek) ; thence to M<'Clure's (who lived on Blythe's land) ; thence to a white oak opposite the lo\ver end of Marcus Hulings' island, (Milton bridge island) ; thence to a plumb at Peter Swartz's (ililler's place) ; thence to a stone at Clark's (late John King's) ; theuce to a post at Robert Fruit's, (Heinly's) ; tiience to a post at William Gray's (now Paul Geddes') ; thence to Buffalo Creek (where the iron bridge now spans the creek) ; thence to a pine near the head of Derr's dam ; thence to a pine corner of Abel Reese's (i. e. through the University grounds, to Adam Gundy and William Brown's corner) ; thence to a post at Aurand's barn (Jenkins') ; thence to John Lee's (Winfield) ; thence to Andrew Gibson's ; theuce to the gum near Reuben Haines' road ; thence down the same to the black oak on the west bank of the river, opposite Sunbury." Dr. John Houston was the first resident physician of White Deer, living near High- Town. Schools. — White Deer township accepted the common school law in 1834, and with Lewisburgh were alone in the county. The first school was established about 1800, two and a half miles northwest from New Columbia, near the residence of S. B. Pawling. It was taught by John Davis, a one-armed man. The building was an old log house, ■with a large chimney in the rear. Another school was opened about the same time, about half-way be- tween White Deer Mills and New Columbia, but the county being thinly settled they were never open at the same time. The schools in 1884 had four hundred and sixty-five pupils. The names of the different schools are New Columbia (primary and grammar), Apj^legate, Robinsou, High's, Leiser's, Ramsey's, Factory and Furnace. New Columbia Church of the Evan- gelical Church Association is the oldest house of worship now in existence in the town- ship. It was erected in 1843, and dedicated January 21, 1844, but has since been remodeled. It is a brick structure, M'ith steeple and bell, and is controlled by a board of trustees, composed of Edward Rank, H. H. Trumpfeller and Jacob N. Rank. The church is a part of the White Deer circuit, but was a part of the old Buffalo cir- cuit until 1872, M'hen it was united with other charges in the northern part of the county to form the present circuit. The minister in charge in 1886, was the Rev. S. Smith, who was tlie successor of the Rev. S. P. Ream. Among the first members of the association at this point were S(|uire John Rank, David Stenninger, Michael Hoffman, John F. Richart, Joseph Watkins and Joiin High. At present UNION COUNTY. 1347 about one hundred persous belong, and tlie church is in a prosperous condition. The num- ber of members is one huudred and twenty. The church trustees are Lot Trate, J. X. Rank, John Clemens, S. C. Rauck and Enos Bennage. The Dill Methodist Episcopal Chapel at New Columbia was built in 1881, and was named in honor of its founder, the preacher in charge of the work, the venerable Rev. H. G. Dill. It is a neat frame building and has in- viting surroundings. Father Dill preached in the chapel three years, when the Rev. J. F. Kerlin became his successor. The membership is small but vigorous. White Deer Church, of the Evangelical Association, was built in 1876 at a cost of one thousand two hundred dollars. The present trustees are Jacob Farley and F. W. Bergan- stock. The number of members is twelve. The pastoi-s of the AVhite Deer Circuit, of which this church is a part since 1872, have been as fol- lows : W. H. Davis from March, 1872, to 1873. George Hunter from March, 1S73, to 1S74. E. Kohr from March, 1874, to 1875. P. W. Raidabaugh from March, 1875, to 187(5. J. M. Brader from JIarch, 1876, to 1879. G. W. Currin ft-om March, 1879, to 1882. G. E. Zehner from March, 1882. After three months' service G. E. Zehner resigned, and was succeeded by W. H. Lilly who served till March, 1884; D. W. Miller from March, 1884, to 1885; S. P. Remer from March, 1885, to 1880, and Samuel Smith, appointed March, 1886. Bethel Presbyterian Church. — -In 1 831 a number of ]iersons belonging to the Buffalo Cross-Roads Cluu-ch withdrew to form a sepa- rate congregation, and to establish a place of worship more convenient to their homes in Kelly and AVhite Deer township. Matthew Laird and Andrew McClenachan wave chosen the first ruling elders, and a Ijuilding spot was selected upon the farm of the latter, in the southern part of White Deer, near the Kelly line. Here a small brick church was liuilt, in which worship was maintained a number of years, usually iu connection with the mother church. Elder McClenachau, removing to the west, the congregation lost one of its most ac- tive members, and, as the number iiad never been large, services were held with less frequency each year, until they were entirely abandoned, many years ago. The house was allowed to decay, and loug since passed into ruins. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. jioses yodee. Mr. Yoder was born on April 1, 1810, _ in Oley township, Berks County, Pa., where his forefathers, who came from Germany nearly two hundred years ago, first settled and are still represented. His grandfather, Samuel Yoder, was the father of five children, — Maria, born 1750, died 1812 ; George, born 1752 ; Peter, boru 17(33; David, born 1765, died January, 1826 ; Abraham, born 1768. David was a carpenter and cabinet-maker, and had a large business, in proper connection with which he was extensively known as a maker of pianos, one of these in- struments being in use in the home of Dr. Piper, of Milton, Pa., many years. He married Cath- arine High, who bore him ten children, viz.: Joshua married Elizabeth Brown (both de- ceased; they had two boys and four girls); Sam- uel married Sarah jNIackey (both deceased; they had two boys and one girl); David; Moses, the subject of our sketch ; Beuiville ; Isaac married Deborah Fowler, who bore him one daughter (he has since deceased) ; Aaron; Eliza; Phrebe married Jeremiah Taylor and has borne two boys and two girls; Anna married Frederick Dersham and bore one boy and one girl (they are now deceased). David Beuiville, Aaron and Eliza all died young. Moses Yoder accompanied his parents to Union County in 1815, they settled in White Deer township and purchased some sixty acres of land ; subsequently laying out the village of Xew Columbia and selling off the lots at very reasonable figures to induce settlers to locate. David Yoder was a liighly-respected and pro- gressive citizen and died in 1826, his wife sur- viving him until 1845. Tlie primitive schools of that period were opened to Closes Yoder, and he received their full benefit until the death of his father, which occuri-cd when he was but fourteen years old. 1348 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Thus necessitated to strike out for himself, he worked upon a farm at six dollars a month for seven months. A few winters were spent in coopering, and, at eighteen years of age, he went to mason-work on the Pennsylvania Canal, then in course of construction. Becoming a master- mason, he carried on the business successfully over twenty years and laid the foundation for his noticeable success. Desirous of a less arduous .life, he entered upon a mercantile cai'eer with to all matters. In 1872 he was appointed j^ost- master by a Republican administration, although always a Democrat, without solicitation, and has since occupied such position. In 1875 he was nominated by his party for register and re- corder of the county, but was defeated in the strong Republican county, receiving much more than his party strength, although making no personal effort. He was married to Elizabeth Ranck in 1834. Ji. 'yi /TpAflx^ John Datesman, and, after two years' experience, became partner with that gentleman in Watson- town. He then bought and ran tlie canal-boat " Datesman & Yoder " one season, after which he spent some time prospecting in the West; re- turning from whence unsatisfied, he settled in Black Hole, Lycoming County, Pa., store-keep- ing, where he remained eight years. In 1864 he made a final change, purchasing the store build- ings and business at White Deer INIills, and has since continued there, giving personal attention She died November 23, 1848, without issue, and, on July 28, 1854, he married Mrs. Nancy Ann Van Wagner (once Fowler), the fruit of this union being Kate Datesman, born JNIay 7, 1855. Mrs. Yoder Mas born February 21, 1818, her parents being James and Ann (Craft) Fow- ler. James Fowler was a builder and M-ell- known engineer, havings run the first engine on the present Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. He died in 1858. On December 27, 1876, Kate Datesman UNION COUNTY. 1349 Yoder was married to Cyriis Leinbach, and has borue him two children, as follows : Merle Yoder, born January (3, 1878; Mabel Inez, born July 15, 1881. Mr. Yoder joined the Lutheran C'hureh in 1845. Now, at the age of seventy-five, he is fairly hale and hearty and carries on a large general store trade in his own buildings to keep himself active and show others what may be done when a life has been well spent. He enjoys the respect and esteem of all and is a worthy citizen and friend. WILLIAM STADDEN. The original members of this race most prob- ably came from Holland. They located on Muddy Run, about two miles north of Mil- ton, Northumberland County, as early as 1772, where their family was raised — three brothers, Samuel, Thomas and William— about a half-mile above its mouth. William Stadden, the grandfather of our subject, was there born, lived as a farmer, and, at the exjjiration of his days, there died. He M'as married to Mary AVhite, who bore him five children, of whom John was the eldest, born January 21, 1791. He too, was a farmer, and, after doing his duty in the War of 1812— 14, passing through that eventful peri(jd without harm, he settled down to till the soil. He was an honorable and es- teemed citizen and married, April 12, 1814, Jane, daughter of John and Mary Sample, who was born February 6, 1791. Her grandfather, John Sample, was one of the heroes of the Rev- olutionary AYar, and after serving his country through those dark days settled down to farm- ing, and was murdered by the Indians in May, 1779, his wife falling a victim to the blood- thirsty savages at the same time. His son John was made a prisoner on this occasion, but, fortunately, was rescued, and subsequently took part in the War of 1812-14. John and Mary Stadden had eight children — William and Mary, twins, born Februar)' 28, 1815. William, oursub- ject. Mary married James DeBar ; five children living; she died during summer of 1870. John Sample, born January 8,1817; died December 6, 1847. James, born August 25, 1818; married, first, Ann Waldron, and had two children; sec- ond, Rachel Waldron and one child ; third, Susan Knox ; he now resides at Centreville, Mich. Robert, born November 6, 1820 ; mar- ried Jane Ramsey and, with two children, resides at "\\'illiams25ort. Pa. Isaac, born March 11, 1822, who married a Western lady and is a resi- dent of Jacksonville, Kan. Elizabeth, born March 5, 1825 ; married William Savidge and bore three children, being burned to death through a coal-oil accident, which occurred in the fall of 1870. Thomas, born September 2, 1827; married a Mrs. Waterman and now lives at Wadesville, Va. John Stadden died October 28, 1874, aged eighty-three years, nine months, seven days, having survived his wife, Jane, who died January 9, 1828. John Stadden married his second wife, Elizabeth Boush, April 14, 1836 ; had seven children, four of which are still living, — Margaret, Sarah, George and Jane. Mrs. William Stadden is traced to the sturdy Scotch, a race which has done so much for the benefit of the State and given so many promi- nent men to the councils of the nation. Her grandfixther, David Ireland, came fi-om Scot- land with his wife, Leonora Murray, and pur- chased a large tract of land on the Limestone Run, Northumberland County. They had four sons and three daughters, of whom David was the youngest. He married Sarah Teitsworth and had issue, — David L., born 1 808 ; married Martha Hayes, had one daughter and died April, 1873. Sarah, born 1815; married William Stadden February 4, 1841. Eliza Ann, born 1817 ; died in 1845. Immediately after marriage, in 1841, Mr. Stadden removed to Union County, where he has since remained, attending to his farm inter- ests. This marriage has been blessed with ten children as follows : An infant, died before nam- ing. Eliza Jane, born July 6, 1843; died in infancy. Mary Ellen. Martha Ann, married Z. T. Martz, who died in 1877, leaving her with three children, — William Stadden, born De- cember 26, 1870; Elizabeth May, born August 6, 1872; Nellie Taylor, born March 3, 1878. David Ireland, born January 13, 1850; mar- ried Annie Kohler and has one child, Marsrar- etta Ireland, and now resides in Clearfield 1350 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. County, Pa. John Augustus, born May 20, 1852 ; married Isabella Black and has three children, — Vera Black, born April, 1877 ; Wil- liam Alexander, born May 30, 1879 ; Harriet Matilda, born August 11, 1882; they reside near the homestead. Sallie Teitsworth, born September 21, 1854; married Ephraim Engle- man and has borne five children, — William, Mabel Stadden, Jennie, Nellie and David Le- Koy ; they reside in Hall County, Neb. Eliz- Mr. Stadden has generally declined to accept political office, though he has been prevailed upon to allow himself to be elected to the responsible township position of school director, which he has filled acceptably over twenty years, during which time several school-houses have been erect- ed ; was also overseer of the poor for six years and supervisor for the term of two years. He devotes his attention to farming and is honored and re- spected by all his associates and fellow-citizens 6-a^-^''>T_ uO^ ^^cLcCe^^t'^ abeth Adda, born November 29, 1856; mar- ried James Black and has borne two children — Clara Stadden and Isabella ; they reside in Rockford, 111. Clara Lenox and Harriet, the latter of whom died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Stadden are prominent mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church at Milton, and have belouged to that denomination about fifty years. Over twenty-five years ago he was elected elder of his church, and, in accordance with the laws of that body, will so remain while life shall last. as a progressive, just and public spirited man, of whom it is said by many, " He is one of our most highly-regarded citizens." In politics the family has always been Eepublican. S. B. PAWLING. Back to the pleasant fields of Old England this family traces descent, the great-grandfather having left that country some years before the Revolution and settled in Chester County, Pa. His son, Joseph, removed to what is now Sny- der County early in the nineteenth century, UNION COUNTY. 1351 and bought some four hundred acres of land near Selin's Grove, and erected buildings to carrj' on the combined business of former and hotel-keeper. He married twice, and by tiie first wife had one son, John, who went West, and whose descendants now live in Kentucky. After her death he married Mary Shannon and had four sous and four daughters. From this family sprung the late Judge H. P. Ross, president-judge of Montgomery County, his Margaret C. Weaver, born March 17, 1831, who bore Margaret S., Allen Francklin, Jeffer- son Samuel, Nora Elizabeth, Melinda J., Idah C, and Anna S., and died January 16, 1880; John, born October 21, 1822, married Barbara Gemberling, born March 31, 1831, who bore West W., Sarah E., Christopher G., Mary L., Emma F., Catharine J., Bertha A., Alice R. and Melinda R. ; Jane, born June 15, 1825, married Lewis Gemberling and died October 1, mother being a Pawling. Samuel was the eldest son by the second marriage, born Febru- ary 9, 1794. On January 24, 1815, he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Woodliug, born February 5, 1797, who bore him eleven chil- dren,— Harriet, born December 31, 1815, mar- ried David Schoch, and died in 1840; Maria, born December 4, 1817, married David Schoch (second wife), and died November 2, 1870; Susan, born February 25, 1819, married Jacob Hilbish; Levi, born July 27, 1820, married 1856 ; Samuel Benjamin, our subject; Rebecca, born December 25, 1830, married James Biehl ; Angeline, born September 22, 1834, married Benjamin Ulrich; Charles W., born May 31, 1 837, married Lydia C. Tiong, who bore Charles W. and Cora E., all now deceased ; Lewis E., born December 10, 1839, married Amanda Schoch, born June 1, 1844, who bore him Albert S., Samuel J., Emanuel E., S. Alice and Delia E. The father of this family died November 23, 1852 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1874, being nearly eighty-one years of age, having enjoyed a wedded life of sixty years. His wife survived him until October 9, 1883, and left behind fifty-five grandchildren, forty great-grandchildren and one great-great-grand- child, in all one hundred and seven direct de- scendants. Samuel Benjamin Pawling was born near Selin's Grove September 14, 1828. He re- ceived a common-school education and remained on the farm witli his parents until his marriage to Leah, daughter of John and Mary Huftman, on January 18, 1853. One child was born of this union, — James Calvin, born November 8, 1853, and died May 29, 1855. Mrs. Pawling was not long spared to the family, she dying February 11, 1855. He next married Miss Sarah Jane, daughter of Judge James Marshall, on November 20, 1856, the union being blessed with the following children : James Marshall, born July 21, 1857, and married Miss Mary Catharine, daughter of N. C. Lohr, on Febru- ary 7, 1884 (one child has been born to this marriage, Edna Lohr, born December 25, 1884) ; Elizabeth Jane; Samuel Albert, born February 3, 1860, died April 28, 1875, his last words be- ing, "Jesus is here;" Sarah Agnes, born June 4, 1862, died May 27, 1865; John Correy, born February 8, 1865, died June 11, 1865. The mother died May 21, 1865, Deatli thus taking the mother and two children within three weeks from the effects of diphtheria, while the remaining three children were only spared through the care and intelligent efforts of the father and physician. Mr. Pawling again entered the bonds of matrimony on May 15, 1866, marrying Miss Hester Ann, daughter of Benjamin Long, born September 9, 1826. From this union has re- sulted two sons, — Harry Jackson, born February 25, 1867, and West Clide, boi-n February 20, 1870. He moved to Union County in 1853 and to the present residence in the spring of 1857. His life has been devoted to intelligent farming and a success has been carved, gathering to- gether three very fine farms comprising some three hundred and seventy-five acres, among other possessions. He has invariably declined to accept political preferment, esteeming his farming interests more important for the welfare of his descendants. His abundant means have always been at the request of his worthy fellow-citizens and his hand has been open and free. In religious juatters iie has, from an early day, been con- nected with the Lutheran Church, part of the years as deacon, during which time, in 1877, the congregation erected, largely through his gener- ous aid, St. John's Church, at White Deer, a handsome and commodious structure. At this writing the church is being remodeled and his purse has again been called into use. He is a generous giver to kindred matters and is held in high esteem and regard. .JACOB FARLEY, ESQ. When the tocsin sounded the call "to arms," and the colonists were gathering themselves to- gether for the struggle with the mother-country in 1776, Caleb Farley, a young scion of an old and prominent New Jersey family residing in Tewksbury township, Hunterdon County, threw himself into the breach and served bi-avely thi'oughout the days which tried men's souls. He bore commission as first lieutenant when the war closed, immediately after which he married Charity Pickle, and came into Union County, Pa. Here he became a farmer and improved various tracts of land, which he afterwards lost through the entry of previous claims. He then purchased what was known as the David Cup- pies tract, comprising one hundred and twenty acres on the White Deer Mountain, where he lived and raised eight children, — Charity, John,, Jacob, Barbara, Catharine, Elizabeth, Abraham and Sarah . He died prior to the year 1 840, aged, niuety-three years, his wife following him a few years later. Abraham Farley, the father of our subject,, was born 1789, in White Deer township, and followed farming all his days. He married Kebekah (born March 19, 1804), daughter of Michael Wolfe, of East Buffalo township, on March 29, 1824, and had children as follows : Charity, died in infancy ; Caroline married Daniel Wolfe, and has two girls and one boy ;: UNION COUNTY. 1353 Michael married Hannah Hoy, and has two I boys ; Abraliam married Susan Schrack, and ' lias twelve children ; Catharine died in infancy; Sarah married David Voneida, and had seven children ; John married ]\Iarv Brown, and has two boys and two girls ; Jacob (subject of our '. sketch) ; Elizabeth and Wilson, both of whonj i died in infancy. After marriage, Abraham Farley bought a farm in East Buffalo township, and lived there until 1873, when he died, his he has taken time to answer the demands of the onerous position of justice of the peace, to which he was elected in 1881, and which he has filled with signal ability. He has often been called upon to act as administrator of estates, and has gained an enviable reputation as an honorable, impartial man and ofHcial. Although a Demo- crat and opposed by two other members of that party, and in a township averaging seventy-five Republican majority, 'Squire Farley was elected wife surviving until August 27, 1878, when she died at the home of her son Jacob. Jacob Farley was born in East Buffalo township on January 27, 1842. Like so many of those who liave attained prominence in after years appar- ently through the soundness of an early training, he received the education afforded by the com- mon-school system, and added largely by close observation and practical experience. His days have been devoted to farming;, to which he has added the successful culture of tobacco, though to the office, — a fact speaking voliuues as to the esteem of his fellows. He was married, June 4, 1868, to Miss Mary E. Brown, elsewhere mentioned, and the following children now gladden their home : Sarah Ann, born January 7, 1869; Elias Jacob, born January 7, 1871 ; Francis Nathan, born October 31, 1872; Obed Brown, born September 24, 1874 ; Mary Catharine, born January 7, 1877; Benjamin Franklin, born December 1, 1878; Ruth Elizabeth, born 1354 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. March 15, 1880; Mabel Eebecca, bom Febru- ary 6, 1882. The grandfather of Mrs. Farley, Abraham Brown, was born in East Buffalo township, and lived a farming life, dying in 1868, having at- tained some eighty-five years. He had six children, of whom Elias was the second son. Elias Brown married Mary Gephart and had issue as follows ; Mary E. (Mrs. Farley), born July 6, 1 846 ; Sarah Louisa, now deceased ; Melinda A. ; Catharine married William Groover, and has borne him three boys — Ben- jamin O. (married .Tennie Hummel, and has one boy) Francis and Abraham G. Mr. Brown still resides in East Buffalo township, on a fine farm located at Martinsburg. Mr. and Mrs Farley are valued members of the Evangelical Association Church at White Deer Mills, and he has been superintendent of the Sunday-school since its organization, in 1878. Previous to their removal to the present residence, in 1871, and since his early manhood, Mr. Farley had been identified with the Salem Church, and for years acted as Sunday-school teacher and superintendent, and has always manifested great interest in religious and edu- cational matters, doing his utmost to benefit the younger generations and the people by whom he is surrounded. CHAPTER XI. WEST BUFFALO TOWNSHIP.i The township of Buffalo was formed when Northumberland County was erected, in 1772. Its territory was reduced at different times by the erection of townships, and was in 1792 yet too large for convenience of the inhabitants. In 1791 a petition was sent to Northumberland County Court asking lor a division of the township. In accordance with this request the court, at the .Tanuary sessions, 1792, appointed William Irwin, Samuel Dale, John Thompson, Christopher Boldy, Benjamin Miller and Henry Pontius as viewers to examine the township, and, if desirable, to divide it. They performed 'By R. V. B. Lincoln their duty and laid out a dividing line as follows : Beginning at two gum saplings on the south bank of the Spruce Run, at the line of White Deer and Buffalo townships, a little west of Daniel Rengler's old saw-mill ; thence south to the head of the spring at Andrew Pontius' (afterwards John Stees, and now part of the estate of Hon. Isaac Slenker, deceased); thence down Sweitzer Run to its mouth at Penn's Creek. All of Buffalo township west of this iiue was organized as West Buffalo township. Its original boundaries have been changed bv the erection of the townships of Hartley, Lime- stone and Lewis, all of which have been successively carved out of its once extensive territory. In 1769 the officers' surveys were made ; they extend through tlie whole length of tlie southern part of tlie township, along the turnpike, and are about a mile in length from north to south. The southeast survey in tlie townsliip was awarded to Captain Timotiiy Green ; this survey embraced tlie Rockey (Thomas) mill-site and all the land in the town- ship south of that and east of MifHinburg. In 1770 Jacob Fought bought of Captain Timothy Green two hundred and sixteen acres, including the forks of Buffalo Creek, and built tiie first mill there in 1771. By 1781 it had passed into the hands of Joseph Green, wIkj is assessed with a grist and saw-mill here, and also one on Penn's Creek, in the present territory of Lime- stone township. By act of June 14, 1777, Fought's was made the place of iiolding the elections for the Tiiird Election District of the county of Northumberland ; said election dis- trict was composed of the townships of White Deer, Buffalo and I'otter. In 1788 the election- house for Buffalo was changed to Andrew Bill- myer's (about two miles west of Lewisburgh), now Lesher's. The mill property afterwards became Thompson's, and in the sjjring of 1789 passed into the possession of William Rockey. It remained in the Rockey fiimily over half a century, and then passed into the hands of Major Charles H. Shriner. About 1875 he sold it to C. W. Thomas, the present owner. Captain Timothy Green also sold to Peter Sellers, or Zellers, two hundred acres east of the Fought land, which he moved upon and occu- UNION COUNTY. 1355 pied in 1783. The next officers' tract west of Captain Green's is the Ensign Foster tract, two hundred and forty-six acres, the southern por- tions of which are now within the bounds of the boroueh of jNIifflinburg. Georg-e Eote had o or? I become the owner of it and lived on it before 1775, at which time he had tliirty acres cleared. In 1781 two of his children, George and Rhody, aged about twelve and fourteen years respectively, were captured at or near their home (Mifflinburg) by tiie Indians. They were separated, but botii taken into the region of country ruled by the celebrated Indian chief Cornplanter. They remained in captivity until peace was proclaimed, when they were liberated and came back to their home. George Rote died in 1797. His sons were Peter, Jacob, George, Abraham and John. His sons-in-law were John Kessler, Michael Shortz, Adam Colpetzer, Joseph Ultz, Frederick Bartges and James Ben, the latter the husband of Rhody, who had been a prisoner with the Indians for a couple of years. Part of the Rote property was, in 1797, laid out in town-lots and called Green- ville ; also Rotestown or Rhodestown. It is now embraced in the borough of Mifflinburg, being that part of the borough east of Snod- grass' corner or east of Third Street. Ensign McMeen's tract, two hundred and fortv-eiffht acres, was next west of the Ensig-n Foster. It was all embraced within the bounds of the borough of ^Mifflinburg, as incorporated in 1827. Next west of ^Mifflinburg was the Lieutenant Askey tract, which Cajjtain John Clark owned and lived on as early as 1775, at which time he had fifty acres under cultivation. West of the Askey, which was one hundred and sixty-one perches wide, came the Captain Irvine tract, six hundred and twenty-two acres. Chris- topher Henney was Captain Irvine's (General James Irvine, of the Revolution) tenant here as early as 1775, and remained such until 1782, when he removed to Centre County, and died there in 1790. Hugh Wilson, the grandfather of Mrs. A. G. Curtin and Hon. John B. Linn, moved there in the spring of 1791 and kept tavern there for two years, when he moved to Colonel Hartley's place, (now John Yerger's), in Hartleton. ^Ir. \\'ilson was succeeded, in 1793, by John Kleckner, who took one-half of the tract ; Solomon Kleckner, who took one- fourth ; and John Hoover, a brother-in-law of the Kleckners, who took the other fourth of the six hundred and twenty-two acres. Solo- mon was a clock-maker, and his fourth was on the east side of the tract. The house in which he lived is still standing along the north side of the turnpike, a little east of Yutz's, but has been uninhabited during the last few years. He afterwai'ds became the owner of the western fourth, whereon his son George lived until his death. After the death of George it was sold to William Foster, in 1835. John Kleckner kept the tavern vacated by Hugh Wilson, and the tavern continued to be kept there by him or his son David until about 1840. He also had a distillery in operation a part of the time. His sons were George, Jo- seph, Anthony, David, Elias and Daniel. Of these Anthony in early manhood settled near Loganville, in Sugar Valley, Clinton County, where his father had large landed interests and where he built the first mill in what is now Greene township, Clinton County, where he died in 1860. John Kleckner died in 1839, aged eightv-nine vears. His sons, David and Elias, succeeded him in the ownership of the farms, and they are still in the hands of the Kleckner family. Next west of Captain Irvine's tract was the Lieutenant Stuart tract, three hundred and forty acres. Robert Forster owned it in 1814; now owned by S. L. Shoemaker and Charles Royer. West of the Stuart was the Lieutenant Mc- Alister tract, three hundred and forty acres. In 1809 John Hayes, surveyor, is taxed with one- half of it. Mr. Hayes was well known in his day as a surveyor, and before his settlement on the McAlister tract had lived a little north of Lew- isburgh, on what is now the Paul Geddes place. He came there in 1793 from Dauphin County, Pa.; was born February 14, 1765, and was the second of eleven children. He dealt largely in timber lands, and at the time of his death was a large holder of mountain lands. He was for many years deputy surveyor for Union County, and died May 16, 1844, aged seventy-nine 1356 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. years. His sons were Robert G. H., David, William, Joseph and James. John Hayes, his sons, Robert G, H. Hayes and David Hayes, and Calvin M. Hayes, a son of David Hayes, were all surveyors, and all in turn have been county surveyors and justices of the peace. After the death of Jolin Hayes the old Hayes farm passed into the hands of his son, Robert G. H. Hayes, also a justice of the peace and surveyor, and after his death, in 1854, to his son, John Hayes, who, after a few years, sold it to Jacob Strickler, the present owner. The west half of the Lieutenant McAlister tract was owned by Thomas Forster, who was a lieutenant in Captain Clarke's company in the War of the Revolution. He died June 1, 1804, and was buried in the Lewis grave-yard. Wil- liam Forster and John Forster, who afterwards removed to Hartley township and died there, were his sons. The Lieutenant Thomas Forster place was sold by the heirs of Forster to Geo. Kleckner, one of the sons of John Kleckner, and after his death became the property of John P. Cronimiller, Esq., of Mifflinburg, to whose es- tate it now belongs, he iiaving recently died (1884). Next west of the Lieutenant McAlis- ter, wliicli was the most western of the tracts included in the " officers' survey," was the Da- vid Johnston tract, surveyed August 20, 1769. This survey includes the Keiser farm (for a long time known as the Youns farm) and some of the Mench farms in Lewis township. North of the McAlister, Stuart and Irvine surveys were the Christian Sharrack, James Johnston and Samuel Davies, made in 1770 and 1771. Noi'th of the two latter and the Lieutenant Askey were Captain John Loudon's lands, on Cold Spring Run and north fork of Butfalo Creek, surveyed in August, 1769, in the names of John Ferrymen, Tliomas Gilbert and Ger- shom Silvers. Captain Loudon was one of the earliest settlers in the township, moving there in the spring of 1772. The following sketch of him is taken from Linn's " Annals of Buf- falo Valley," pages 314 and 315, published 1877. " Ca])tain John Loudon died at his residence near Mifflinburg, in February, 1798. His par- ents were Richard Loudon and Patience Wright (married by Friends' ceremony, June 5, 1728), of Hempfield (now Columbia) Pa. He was born July 5, 1730 ; married March 27, 1760, by Thomas Barton, missionary at Lan- caster. As early as 1756 Mr. Shippen recom- mends him for a commission as ensign. "He was an inn-keeper at Lancaster, in June, 1770, and during this year took up a great deal of land in Buffalo Valley. The land on which Northumberland now stands was patented to his wife, Sarah, in 1770, and, in connection with William Patterson, he laid out that town. Reuben Haines made an addition to it, January 19, 1781, of land sold him by Loudon in 1775. In the S2)ring of 1772 he moved into Buffalo Valley, residing at a place he called Silver Spring, afterwards sold by his executors to George Rou.sh in 1803, now owned by Levi L. Shoemaker. His wife died previous to the year 1775, as during this year he signed deeds alone, and it appears by a letter dated the 18th of July, 1775, to Captain Loudon, at that time in the field, that his five children were with his mother's family at Hempfield. His promi- nence in jjolitical agitations prior to the Revo- lution will be seen by the correspondence of that period, puljlished under those years, and what he said in the Cabinet he was not afraid to make good on the field of battle. As soon as the news of the battle of Bunker Hill reached the country he enlisted a company of ninety-seven men and set off for Cambridge. After his return, on November 7, 1776, he was elected a member of the Supreme Executive Council of the State, from Northumberland County, serving for one year. He owned an immense body of land daring his life, embrac- ing nearly tiie whole of West Buffalo township, besides large quantities now lying in Centre and Northumberland. "Dr. W. J. Wilson (of Potter's Mills) told me that when a boy he often saw Captain Loudon at the Buffalo Cross-Roads Church. He wore a cocked hat, blue coat, buff vest and breeches, silver knee and shoe-buckles. He married the second time. His will, dated No- vember 10, 1797, named his wife, Ann, and two daughters — Susan, married to Samuel Wright (grandfather of Samuel Wright, of Columbia, UNION COUNTY. 1357 Pa.) ; Catharine, unmarried — and three g;rand- childreu — John Loudon Stake, Charlotte and Catharine Stake. He left an annuity to his brother Richard, who died unmarried. Captain Loudon's children by his first wife were Marga- ret, Susan, Patience, James and Catharine. Mar- j garet married J. Stake ; Susan, Samuel Wright, above-named (their child, the late John L. Wright) ; Margaret's children were Charlotte and Catharine (Charlotte, married J. Quest ; Catharine, A. Cheuowith). Loudon Stake never married and that name became extinct. " Captain Loudon's remains were conveyed to Columbia, and buried in the old burying- ground. Mrs. Wright (mother of William Wright, of Harlem, Stephenson County, 111.), and daughter of the late Paschal Lewis, of Buifalo Valley, now in her eighty-first year, says that her father and mother went part of the way, the day of the funeral, from Loudon's house to the river, or possibly to Penn's Creek ; that after Captain Loudon's death his slaves were brought over from his farm and left part of them at Robert Barber's (at White Spring) and part of them at her father's (now D. W. Pell man's), to stay until such time as Roljert Barber was ready to start down with an ark or a raft to Columbia. " They hiad been slaves previous to 1780, and the young ones were still in their apprentice- ship, and as his estate was bound to take care of the older ones, Samuel Wright, his son-in- law, set apart forty acres for their habitation and maintenance, on the east side of Columbia and back from the river. Among these were Chloe and Phillis. Chloe was a regular Congo negress. Phillis died a few years ago, aged one hundred and five' years. John C. Watson said that on the day of the funeral Buffalo Creek rose very much and they could not get over it with the coffin, when 'Mel,' Captain Clarke's slave, shouldered the coffin and went over the foot-log with it on his shoulder." North of the Loudon lands the surveys were made in 1771, and still farther north a block of surveys was made in 1785. In the central part of the township, on Rapid Run, and in the neighborhood of Forest Hill, a number of sur- veys were made in August, 1 769, and settle- ments were made there soon after. Among- the early settlers in that neighborhood was Jacob Grozean or Grosong, commonly called "French Jacob." In 1775 he is assessed with forty-nine acres of cultivated land ; his place was for a long time afterwards known as Heberling's, and was near the entrance to the Brush Valley Narrows, through which an Indian path passed. There is a large spring not far above the en- trance to Brush Valley Narrows, which still goes by the name of the "Frenchman's Spring" from the fact that Grosong is said to have concealed himself in the thickets near by when pursued and searched for by the Indians. Some time between 1776 and 1779 he built a small log mill there. In the spring of 1780 a skirmish took place at this mill between an armed patrol of the settlers and a baud of In- dians. This patrol passed from place to place in defense of the settlements, and more especial- ly of the mills, and was nearly at the mill when attacked by the Indians. Four of the patrol were killed in this attack, viz. : John Forster, Jr., George Etzweiler, Jr., James Chambers and Samuel McLaughlin. .John Forster was a brother of Major Thomas Forster, of the Revolu- tionarj' army, and uncle of Captain John Fors- ter, of Miffliuburg, and of William Forster, of Hartley, etc. James Chambers was a son of Robert Chambers, and an uncle of James Chambers, of MitHiuburg, and of Joseph Chambers and Benjamin Chambers, of Limestone township. James Chambers and John Forster are, without doubt, buried in the Lewis grave-yard; some accounts say that all four of the men slain are buried there along- side of Patrick Watson and his mother, who were killed by Indians near the White Spring, at nearly the same time. Other accounts have it that they were buried on a bluff overlooking Penn's Creek, about a mile west of New Berlin, where some of the first settlers are buried. William Fisher, the grandfather of .James, .John and David R. Crossgrove, of Limestone town- ship, and who resided where James Crossgrove lately lived, made a narrow escape in this at- tack. As he was rumiing into the mill, he stumbled and fell into the door, and the bullet intended for his head struck a log of the build- 1:^58 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ing in line with his head, and remained for a long time imbedded there. This old mill, as long as it stood, showed the marks made by the bullets on the occasion of this fight with the Indians. French Jacob subsequently got into a lawsuit involving the title to his locution, and being worsted in his suit, he rode home from Sunbury the same night, and immediately dismantled his mill, re- moving the wheels and all tlie machineiy to another site farther down the run, and in 1782 rebuilt it on the site of the Reish mill (now Wagner's), near Forest Hill, and added a saw- mill in 1785. In 1793 he sold to Enoch Thomas, and moved into Centre County, not far from the present village of Lemont, and from there went West. In 1797 Thomas sold to Christopher Johnson, and he, in 1808, to John Hoffert. The property in course of time be- came Reish's, who remained the owner for a number of years, and carried on a distillery in connection with the mill. Tiie mill is now owned by Samuel H. Wagner. The distillery is not in operation there, but the business of distilling is carried on by Mr. James K. Reish at another place, between Forest Hill and Cowan, it being the only establishment of the kind in the county. After the discomfiture of French Jacob in his lawsuit at Sunbury, and the consequent abrupt removal of his mill machinery, a man named Henry Snyder fitted up some kind of mills at French Jacob's original location, and about 1810 sold to Captain John Bergstresser, who, in 1814, is assessed with three liouses, a stable, a still-house, a grist-mill, saw-mill, oil-mill and fulling-mill on the premises ; he also kept store there. The location and history of the prop- erties at the entrance to the narrows leading from Baffiilo Valley to Penn's Valley, and from Buffalo Valley to Brush ^'a]ley, are very much alike ; botii were on the highways of trade and travel, both had substantially the same kind of improvements and business and both are now nearly as silent as the grave. Henry and Conrad Mizener were settlers as early as 1780, not far from Forest Hill. Adam Mizener, who resided where tiie late Daniel Pontius formerly lived, was in this year taken prisoner by Indians, and remained in captivity about a year and a half. He afterwards removed to one of the Western States. The last of the Mizeners in Union County was David Mizener, who, about fifty years ago, taught school in Mifflinburg, Hartleton, White Springs and various other places in those neighborhoods. He subsequently became a Methodist itinerant preacher in Western Pennsylvania. David Watson settled in the township as early as 1782 ; he was the son-in-law of Captain John Clarke, and lived on the farm for many years past known as Schnueker's. He died, February 21, 1813. David, John C. and Wil- liam, of West Buffalo, were his sons. John Watson, of West Buffalo, and David Watson, of Mifflinburg, are his grandsons — sons of AVil- iiam Watson. Between 1825 and 1830 a man named Shel- lenberger built the mill north of Mifflinburg, on a branch of Buffalo Creek ; he sold it a few years afterwards to John Van Buskirk and went West. After the death of Van Buskirk it was bought by John Plank, afterwards by C. H. Shriner, who erected a distillery there, which was short-lived. Henry Gast, of Mifflinburg, was the next owner, and he, in 1852 or there- abouts, sold it to William Young, the present owner. In 1814, John Charles had a saw-mill, card- ing-mill, etc., on the north branch of Buf- falo Creek, at or near the site of the present Edleman mill ; afterwards a man named Reeser owned the same property ; he sold to Waggo- ner, who built the mill and sold the property to Edleman. In the sauie neighborhood, about 1840, John C'lapham erected a woolen-factory, and continued the business of manufaeturins: o woolens until, about 1865, the building and machinery were destroyed by fire. It was not rebuilt. The following is a list of all the iidiabitants of West Buffalo township in the year 1796. West Buffalo at that time included all of I^ime- stone, Lewis and Hartley. George Anthony. William Armstrong. William Adamson. Daniel Ammerman. Obediah Allen. Christopher Boerhave. George Beeb. Jacob Bruner. UNION COUNTY. 1 859 John Bruner. John Brown. Christian Brown. William Black. Frederick Beigh. Michael Bartges. .James Ben. George Books. John Banter. Henry Bole. Peter Buckalew. George Bubb. William Boveard. John Buyers. Kimber Barton. Joseph Clarke. .John Carman y. William Cox. Conrad Christ. Conrad Coon. David Clay. John Conser. John Clark. George Coderman. Joseph Clark. Anthony Clarney. Edward Crawford. William Crawford. David Coderman. William Carues. Jacob Coderman. Robert Chambers. Mary Chambers. Benjamin Chambers. Lndwig Dcrshani. John Dreisbach. Christian Derr. James Duncan. William Douglass. John Earnhart. John Emery. Nathan Evans. Peter Emery. John Emery. Abel Everet. Jacob Fry. Thomas Forster. Robert Forster. Henry Fough. Thomas Ford. Peter Fisher. Stephen Fiddler. Thomas Frederick. I.,udwig Getgen. Nathan Ghien. Henry Gray. Adam Getchey. Jacob Gast. John Glover. Jacob Grim. George Gray. John Hyman. Jonathan Holmes. Robert Holmes. Jacob Houscl. Martin Housel. Francis Hamilton. Daniel Humler. John Helman. John Hickson. Thomas Hull. John Hoves. Henry Hendricks. Adam Humler. James Iddings. William Iddings. .John Irwin. Christopher Johnson. Benjamin Jones. Alexander Kennedy. John Kemple. David Keney. John Kleckner. Henry Kester. Peter Kester. John Kester. John Kester. Peter Kester. Solomon ICleckner. Michael Lyman. Henry Langabaugh. John Leighty. John Lowdon. Adam Laughlin. Paschal Lewis. Jacob Mathias. James Moor. Henry Moore. Patrick Mettlen. Adam Mizener. Conrad Mizener. John Mitchell. Bastian Miller. Philip Mann. Henry Metzger. Jacob Metzger. Andrew Means. Samuel Mathers. .John McLain. Hugh McCutchen. Alexander McGrady. Alexander McCally. Hugh McMurtrie. Henry Noll. William Neel. Abel Owens. Andrew Pontius. Henry Pontius. Andrew Pontius, Jr. Robert Peterson. Henry Piper. Michael Peters. George Bay. Jacob Rockey. John Rearick. Andrew Richey. William Rockey. John Rockey. George Rote. Peter Royer. Mary Reed. Nicholas Reedy. Charles Ross. Peter Rote. Michael Ridabaugh. John Reznor, Jr. John Reznor, Sr. George Reznor. John Rote. Jacob Rote. George Rote. Hugh Reznor. Baltzer Rhinemacher. Christian Spangler. John Spangler. Jacob Shanke. James Skiler. Nicholas Sample. William Stotan. .John Shrock. John Smith. Nicholas Shriner. Peter Shriner. Melchior Smith. Michael Shirtz. William Snook. Ludwig Smith. David Smith. Henry Shriner. .Joshua Spencer. David Tate. .James Thompson. Enoch Thomas. Godfrey Tittleman. David Tibbies. George Trippy. Jacob Wise. Christopher Wagner. Jacob Welker. William Welker. Benjamin Williams. .John AVigdon. Hugh Wilson. David Wilson. Catharine Wirebaugh. Nicholas Wirebaugh. John AViukleplech. Joseph Ultz. John Ultz. John Vorgan. George Youngman. Thomas Youngman. Elias Youngman. Christian Young. Peter Zellers. Frederick Zippornech. Aaron Barnes. Joseph Chambers. Moses Caruthers. John Crotzer. James Duncan. Joseph Emery. Single Freemen. John Hunter. Alexander Love. Jacob Moore. John Moore. David McCalley. Jacol) Rockey. ScHOOLS.-Of the early schooLs it is difficult to get any very reliable information ; but about the year 18U0 tliere were three school-hou.ses in that part of Old Buffalo township now embraced in the bounds of West Buffialo township. One was on the farm now owned by Joseph King, another on Levi L. Shoemaker's farm (now occupied by his .son Charles ly .) and the other at Forest Hill — all loo; buildino;s witii benches for seats. Robert Taylor and a man named Evans are named as some of the teachers of tiiat day. At the election held in 1834, when the vote was taken on accepting the free-school system, the vote of West Buffalo township, which at 1360 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. that time also included Limestone, was almost unanimously against the new system, the vote being: Against school, one hundred and eighty- seven ; for school, seven ; majority against school, one liundred and eighty. Before tliree years had elapsed a great revulsion or change of public sentiment appears to have taken place, for at the election of 18.">7 schools had the ma- jority, and the directors proceeded to build new school-houses and made the necessary arrange- ments for putting the schools in operation. New plank houses, lined with boards on the inside and weather-boarded on the outside, with board desks and seats with aisles between them, were built at Forest Hill, at the Loudon or Kauffman sub-district and at the Pike, above Mifflinburg. A school-house had been built, some years before, at the Red Bank, which was at this time purchased by the directors and remodeled. In 18-'>9 the free-school sys- tem was voted down, and again accepted in 1841. In 1850 the citizens of a neighborhood in the west end of the township, nick-named " Hardscrabble," built a plank house by sub- scription, at the same time paying their taxes also, the late Jacob Strickler giving the lot without way. The school board then took pos- session of the premises and provided a teacher. About the same time tlie board built a sciiool- house on the north bank of Buffalo Creek, about one-fourtli of a mile west of Hockey's (now Thomas') mill, and near to the dam, the house taking for a while the name of " Rockey's Dam School-House." As this name seemed to savor of profanity, it has since been changed into the more eu2:)hoTiioiis one of the " Creek School-House." At the time of the commence- ment of the free schools good teaciiers \vere scarce. The rod had not yet lost its supremacy as the principal part of tiie scliool apparatus. About 1S().'3 the board built a large brick school-house at Forest Hill, on the old lot con- taining an acre of ground. This house is in fine condition now, and at one time more than one hundred pupils were enrolled there. To relieve this overcrowded condition of the school at Forest Hill, the board of 1875 — consisting of John Watson, president ; S. G. Grove, secretary ; Samuel Keiser, treasurer ; and Peter Kimple, Daniel Spotts and Robert Jodon — after careful investigation and mature consideration of the subject, decided to build an additional school- house on land belonging to John Miller, about a half-mile west of the mouth of the Brush Valley Narrows. Mr. Miller was an extremely old man, somewhere in the eighties, but reso- lutely refused to allow a school-house to be put on his premises. The board offered him fifty dollars for a quarter-acre of comparatively bar- ren land, which he rejected with disdain. The land of Mr. Miller, being in the opinion of the board, the only eligible place for the new school- house, they were compelled cither to abandon the building of the scliool-house at that point or to obtain the land by the right of eminent do- main given them by the law. The board applied to the coui-t for viewers to give title and assess damages sustained by Mr. Miller. Viewers were appointed, examined the premises and reported thirty-five dollars as the damages due to Mr. Miller, which he sturdily refused to fake as long as he lived, say- ing that he had sold no land, and would not take pay for what he had not sold. His repre- sentative, after death, was not so scrupulous, and took the pay. The house built here is of plank, weather-boarded and plastered, and furnished with board desks and good blackboard. The school records call it the " Miller School," but it is also frequently called the " Centennial School." In 1878 the Pike School-house of 1837 was torn down and a new brick school building erected in its stead; the school lot was also en- larged at a cost of sixty-four hundred dollars. The house is furnished with the Keystone school furniture. In 1880 a similar one was built for flie Kauffman School, and in 1882 another one, a little larger, was built at tiie creek, near Thomas' dam. In 1884 anotiier, still larger, was built at " Hardscrabble," sometimes called " Strickler's," and now (ISSli) another is under contract for Red Bank. About four hundred pupils are enrolled in the schools of West Buffalo. Forest Hill. — Until about 1847 or 1848 there had been nostoreforthe retailingof general UNION COUNTY. 1361 merchandise within tlie bounds of West Buffalo township. There was also no post-office and no church within it. At this time Ammon H. Lutz, a young merchant of Mifflinburg, con- ceived the idea of establishing a store on the road between Brush Valley Narrows and Buf- falo Cross-Roads, at the point where the road from the Rockey mill intersects the Brush Val- ley road. He established his store, and had a saddler-shop and tailor-shop in operation, when, in 1850, the United States government established a post-office there and called it Forest Hill, Mr. Lutz being the fii-st post- master. It was on a mail-route fi'om Lewis- burgh to Brush A'^alley, on which the mail was carried two or three times a week each way. After a few years' trial Mr. Lutz left Forest Hill, his venture there not having proved a financial success. A store has, however, con- tinued to be kept there until the present day. In 1857 Rev. Samuel Creighton, the Method- ist preacher in charge of Miffliuburg Circuit, commenced preaching in the Forest Hill School- house, and aroused an intense interest in re- ligious affairs in that community, which re- sulted in the building of a Union Church there, in which preaching has been had every two weeks from that time on, by the minister in charge of the Miffliuburg Circuit. It is also regularly used by the Evangelicals and Luther- ans. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. DA\I1> KLEfKSER. As indicated by the name, the Kleckner family are of German origin. Their ancestor, John Kleckner, Sr., was born in Wiirtemljerg, Ger- manv, Auff. 12, 1750. When two vears old his parents emigrated to the New World and settled in Northampton County, Pa. He resided with his parents until he was of age and learned the blacksmith trade. The fomily at one time were driven from their house by the Indians, and it is still known that two of the children remained hidden for two days under the threshing-floor. He married, in 1778, Anna B. Koch, who was born in Northampton County May 6, 17(j0. She 86 was the daughter of Jacob and Sarah Koch. In 1 785 he moved into the Buffalo Valley and bought of Colonel Davis six hundred acres of land, which was then an unbroken wilderness. When not engaged in blacksmithing he spent his time in clearing up his laud. He built a good house and out-buildings, which he turned into a way- side inn or tavern when the wants of the travelers in his section made it necessary for some one to keep a public-house. He also en- gaged in distilling, and the products of his still were hauled by teams to Philadelphia. In pol- itics he was a Democrat. He belonged to the Lutheran Church, while his wife was a member of the German Reformed Church. He died September 21, 1839; his wife July 9, 1849. Both are buried in the Miffliuburg Cemetery. Their children were Daniel, John, Joseph, Christina, Elizabeth, Anthony, Barbara, Mar- garet, George, Eli and David. All are dead but the last named. David Kleckner was born on the home farm in the Buffalo Valley, Au- gust 1, 1802. He remained with his father on the homestead, going to the country schools during the winter months when his services were not needed elsewhere. When old enough he was sent to Philadeljihia with teams hauling the product of still and farm, seventeen days being consumed in making the trip. On his return he brought back provisions and such gO(_)ds as were needed by the people of that day. On the 8th day of June, 1829, he married Miss Esther Wino;ert, who was born in Bern township, Berks County, December 15, 1810. She was the daughter of John and Elizabeth ( Bern) Wingert, whose ancestors also came from Germany. After the death of his fiither, in 1829, ]\Ir. Kleckner came into possession of three hundred acres of the original six hundred acre tract, on which he remained until 1863. He, like his father before him, was farmer, dis- tiller and tavern-keeper. In the year last named he moved into Miffliuburg, where he has since resided and where he intends to pass the remainder of his days. He is a Democrat, but never was a politician. He, like his mother, is a member of the Reformed Church, of which he has licen a deacon twenty-three years and an elder many years. He is now in liis eighty- 1362 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. fourth year, passing away the even-time of life, happy in being surrounded by children, grand- children and friends, and in the knowledge that his life has been well-spent and that of him only good words are spoken. To Mr. and Mrs. Kleckner have been born children as follows : Anna B. M., born July 30, 1831 ; Annie B., October 30, 1832 ; Sallie, April 8, 183-1 ; Eliza- beth, October 18, 1836 ; Maria, April 14, 1837 ; Christiana, February 3, 1839; Emma, June 29, the same year went to Ottawa, Kansas, where she is successfully practicing her profession. Mr. Kleckner has seven daughters living, twen- ty-five grandchildren and two great-grandchil- dren. Mrs. Kleckner died November 26, 1864. CHAPTER XII. MIFPLINBURG.i The built-up portions of the borough ot 1840 ; Esther S., February 24, 1843 ; and Lottie, November 2, 1845. Knowing the need of an education himself, Mr. Kleckner provided his dauo-htei'S with at least good common-school educations. Five of them were teachers in pub- lic schools, while another one, Sallie, graduated at the Women's Medical College of Philadel- phia. She, in 1862 commenced the practice of medicine in Mifflinburg, and was in time able to live down the prejudice against lady doctors. In 1880 she purcliased of B. Harvey the drug- store ; she sold it in 1884 to Dr. J. Kleckner and Mifflinburg are on the southern ends of the Ensign Foster and the Ensign MclNIeen sur- veys ; the present cemetery is on the Elias Youngman survey. The Ensign Foster and McMeen surveys were sub-divisions of the large officers' survey made on the 1st, 2d and 3d days of March, 1769, by William Maclay, deputy surveyor-general. On his field-notes he marks the south line of the Captain Green and part of the Captain Bucher surveys. 1 By R. V. B. Lincoln. UNION COUNTY. 1363 Elias Youugmau took up the tract on which the eemetery is locatetl, and it was surveyed for him June 20, 179-i. George Rote, or Rhodes, owned the Ensign Foster tract of two hundred and tbrty-six acres iu 177o, when it was assessed as cultivated land. The Ension McMeeu tract of two hundred and forty-eigiit acres was as- sessetl to Julias Younginan in 1781 as unculti- vated. Mr. Younginan became a resident of the site of Mifflinburg iu 1 783 ; he resided in Turbut township before moving into Buffalo Valley, and in 1777 his name appears as one of the grand jurors of Northumberland County. In 1792 he laid out a town which for many years was called " Youngmanstown." It ex- tended trom Third Street westward. At Third Street, which was the east end of the town laid out by Mr. Youngman, there is a bend in the main street of the town (Chestnut Street). From that point eastward another town was laid out, in 1797, under the direction of George Rote, which he called " Greenville," but it was known in common parlance as " Rhodestown." In 1 827 these two towns were incorporated into a bor- ough and called ]\Iiftlinburg, in honor of Thomas ilifflin, the first Governor of the State under the Constitution of 1790. Lot No. 55, on which stands the handsome residence of J. & J. Young, was sold by Elias Y'^oungman November 30, 1792. By the 1st of March, 1793, Mr. Youngman had sold thirty- two lots and fifty -six out-lots; the lots were sixty feet by one hundred and twenty feet, and the out-lots contained one acre. The following is a list of the residents of the town in 1793 : John Dreisbach, gunsmith ; John Earnhart, black- smith ; Ludwig Getgen, mason ; Jonathan Holmes ; Robert Holmes, store-keeper; John Irvine, store- keeper; Henry Longabaugh, weaver; Henry Neal, tailor ; Israel Ritter; Nicholas Rudy, jobber; Nicholas Sampsel, carpenter; Christopher Wagner, carpenter; Jacob Welker, tailor; William Welker, jobber; Mar- tin Withington, tavern-keeper; George Youngman, store-keeper; Thomas Youngman; Elias Youngman. March 17, 1796, George Youngman was commissioned a justice of the peace.. In 1796 the additional residents were, — William Black, shoemaker; Michael Bartges, nailor; Kimber Barton, tavern-keeper j Nathan Evans,' saddler (died in 1811 ) ; Michael Lyman, car- penter; John Leighty, tanner; Henry Noll, cropper; Charles Ross, tailor. The town of Elias Youngman continued to grow and in 1799 was the largest town in the county. Its resident taxables were, — James Ayers, shoemaker; Michael Bartges, nailor; Kimber Barton, tavern-keeper; William Black, shoe- maker; John Carmony, shoemaker; Moses Carothers; Daniel Clark, tanner; Adam (,'lark, jobber ; Michael Collins, jobber; John Crotzer, carpenter; Jacob Crotzer, tailor; Christian Derr, joiner; Christopher Eilert, farmer; John Ely, clock-maker; Nathan Evans, saddler; James Forster, tavern-keeper; Simon George, laborer ; Ludwig Getgen, mason ; John Gib- bons, joiner; Henry Hassenplug, brewer; Adam Her- ring; Nathan Herrington, cooper; Robert Holmes, store-keeper; Jonathan Holmes, jobber; John Irvine, store-keeper; Michael Layman, joiner; John Eighty, tanner; Henry Longabaugh, laborer; Patrick Moss, jobber; Henry Neal, tailor; George Paget, school- teacher; John Patterson; Andrew Patton, wheel- wright; Philip Peters, carter; Charles Russ; George Russ, tailor; Nicholas Sampsel, wheelwright; Micli- ael Shock, carpenter ; Jacob Shock, blacksmilh ; James Skiler; Richard Van Buskirk, tavern-keeper; Christopher Wagner, farmer; John Webb, hatter; Jacob Welker, tailor; William Welker, jobber; Peter Young, shoemaker; Elias Youngman ; George Young- man, postmaster ; Thomas Youngman, store-keeper. The post-office was established at MifHinburg April 1, 1798. ' George Youngmau was the first postmaster. In 1803 additional residents were Christian Brown (potter), Aaron Clark (silter), Jacob Gable (carpenter), Adam Getgen, John Larrabee (doctor), Peter Withington (sil- versmith) ; in 1802, Christopher Deering (school- master), Frederick Gutelius (surveyor). Fred- erick Gutelius was a member of the first board of county commissioners of Union County, and was appointed a justice of the peace in 1814. He died May 30, 1839, aged seventy-two years. His descendants in MifHinburg are numerous. In 1806 appear the names of Jacob Kimble (potter), John Eilert and Jacob Maize (tavern-keeper). Maize's tavern was long a noted place of resort. He was for many years the postmaster, and carried on a tannery where Jacob Gutelius' coach-works, are situated. Mrs. ' He was a IocaI Baptist preacher ; his granddaughter, Mrs. Professor James, late of Lewisburgh University, has in possession many abstracts of bis sermons preached in the valley. 1364 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. B. W. Thompson, of MifBinburg, is his youngest daughter. He died in 1836, fifty-nine years old. We find tiiat in the year 1807 William Kee- ver (tailor), Thomas Lemon (schoolmaster), Dr. Miller, Dr. Smith, Jacob Swentzell and Si- mon Yearich. Dr. James Smith married the only daughter of Jaoob Brobst, who at that lime owned the Clarke farm, west of the town, where the Big Spring takes its rise. He prac- ticed his profession until his death, in 1826. He lived on the corner where James R. Hitter now lives. He left a large family of children, many of whose descendants are still in the county. In 1808, we find Martin Cronimillei', black- smith ; Andrew Grove, blacksmith ; Wm. Lane, hatter ; Henry Yearick, hatter. Henry Yearick was a native of Bucks County, Pa., born in 1780 ; followed the business of a hatter, which at one time was one of the principal industries of the town, was commissioned a justice of peace in 1813, by Governor McKean, served thirty years. In 1836-38 was a representative in the I^egislature of Pennsylvania. His wife was Maria Roush, a sister of Samuel Roush, Esq., for many years the efficient prothonotary of Union County. He had fourteen children, all of whom grew up to man's and woman's estate. His son Thomas has been for many years a merchant and resident of Aaronsburg, Centre County ; another son, Emanuel, with two of his sisters, live in the house where they were born more than half a century ago. Mr. Yearick in early manhood became a member of the Reformed Church, and was the first super- intendent of the Sabbath-school in Mifflinburg. He died .January 24, 1866, aged seventy-five years. In 1809 a]>pear the names of Conrad Auble (schoolmaster), John Harlet, John Manly, Nicholas Millhouse (farmers), Godfrey Smelkcr (tavern-keeper), Conrad Staple, A ndrcw Wolf (masous), and Christian Young. In 1810, John Montelius, farmer. In 1811, Roan Clark, merchant ; and Thomas Wallis, physician. John Montelius owned and lived on the triangle at the foot of the Ivimestone Ridge, near the present public school building. Here he reared a large family of six sons and five daughters, and was quietly pursuing his voca- tion of farming until 1835, when he was elected by the Anti-Masons as one of the representatives of Union County in the Legislature of the State, an account of which will be found in the " Bench and Bar." The following list contains the names and occupations of the persons assessed in Young- manstown for 181-t : Conrad Auble, schoohnaster ; Henry Aurand, job- ber; John Buff, joiner; Michael Bartges, nailor ; Bas- tian Berger, weaver; Adam Boyer, cabinet-maker; Frederick Bartges, joiner; Christian Boyer, shoe- maker ; Henry Bogenreif, blacksmith ; Christian Brown, potter ; Martin Bry, shoemaker ; Frederick Barkley, tailor; Conrad Blumeubaum, householder ; John Coverly, schoolmaster ; John Charles, hatter ; William Cooper, laborer; Jacob Cronemiller, black- smith; Jacob Crotzer, tailor ; Jacob Conseler, stiller; Aaron Clark, silter; John Clark, weaver ; Peter Con- rad, jobber; Peter Cousert, w.igon-maker; John Dreisbach, gunsmith ; John Deuring, single; Chris- tian Derr,joiner; Samuel Dreisbach, gunsmith; Adam Deatrich, shoemaker; Jacob Deatrich, hatter ; Chris- topher Deering, schoolmaster ; Jacob Dehaven, shoemaker; Christopher EiJert, fiirmcr ; J. Henry Fries, preacher ; Charles Fisher, doctor ; Henry Fox, wheelwright; Mary Fox, householder; Widow France, householder ; Thomas Foster, single ; Adol- phus Fisher, single ; Frederick Fisher, single ; Andrew Grove, blacksmith; Henry Grove, black- smith; Jacob Gable, carpenter; Samuel Geddes, store-keeper ; Frederick Gutelius, surveyor ; Jacob Oietzeu, mason; Ludwig Gct/.en, mason; George Gottshall, cooper ; Valentine H upper, weaver ; Henry Hassenplug, brewer; Israel Iriman, tavern-keeper; Henry Kohn, store-keepei- ; William Irwin, attorney- at-law ; George Krap, twiner; Adam Kramer, stiller'; John Keunedy, doctor ; John LiishoUs, attorney-at- law; Adam Leimbach, carpenter; Daniel Lemon, twiner; Jacob Letihart, shoemaker; John Lighty, tan- ner ; Jacob Lambert, cordwainer ; Peter Lenhart, slnjemaker; Patrick Maris, laborer; Jacob Maize, tavern-keeper ; Joseph Musscr, fiu'mer ; John Jlonte- lius, farmer; Nicholas Millluiuse, farmer; Abraham Mcnch, potter; John Orwig, store-keeper ; John Ray, sheriff; George Roush, householder ; Nicholas Ream, householder; Peter Reed, saddle-tree maker; Peter Sampsel, householder; John Stitzer, smith-shop and tavern ; George Seitz, mason ; James Smith, doctor ; Widow Shnltz, householder ; Jacob Smelcher, sad- dler; Adam Spidle, householder; Michael Slioch, farmer; Samuel Spidle, mason; Matliew Strine, tan- ner ; John Strom, weaver ; Jacob Shower, shoemaker; David Stamm, tailor; William Tate, carpenter ; Isaac Taylor, tavern-keeper ; Richard Van Buskirk, house- UNION COUNTY. 1365 holder; Peter Withington, silversmith; William Wilson, weaver ; Frederick Welker, tailor ; Christo- pher Waggoner, farmer ; Andrew Wolf, mason ; Peter Withington, saddler ; George Withington, store- keeper ; Henry Yeariek, Esq., hatter ; Simon Yearick, ftirmer; Jacob Yearick, joiner; Elias Youngman, farmer; George Youngman, saddler; Christian Young, householder; Widow Youngman, householder. Nothing will more clearly show the shifting and changing character of the American people tiian a comparison of the names of the residents of Mifflinburg, from its founding, in 1792, and down to 1814, with the names of its present residents. It will be found that, with respect to the great majority, the place that once knew them knows them no more ; and that in the long list of names, those of Bogenreif, Croni- miUer, Crotzer, Grove, Gutelius, Getzen, Gott- shall, Hassenplug, Moss, Stitzer, Schoeh, Yearick, Wolf and Youngman are the only ones that date back beyond three-fourths of a century. For the account of the courts held in MifBin- burg, in 1814-15, see thechapter entitled "The Erection of Union County," pages 1175 and 1184. On April 14, 1827, the borough of Mifflin- burg was incorporated with the following bound- aries : "Beginning at a post on line of the heirs of Jacob Brobst, deceased ; thence along line of the heirs of George Rote, deceased, by the same ; thence to a post in the centre of the road leading from George Rock- ey's to Mifflinburg ; thence along the centre thereof, in a line between Michael Bartges, John Charles, Conrad Mull ; thence along the north side of Lime- stone hill to beginning." By a supplement to the act of incorporation, passed April 10, 1828, it was enacted that, — " The west boundary of the borough of Mifflinburg, in Union County, be so extended as to include the whole of the road along or adjoining its western boundary within said borough, and that the road on the Eastern side of said borough be wholly excluded from said borough." At May sessions, 1884, application was made to have the borough subject to the general bor- ough law of April 3, 1851, and its supple- ments, approved September 20, 1884. April 17, 1817, Elias Youngman (or Jung- man), the founder of the town, died. He was born in Germany Augast 15, 1738 ; married, January 11, 1763, in America, to Catharine Nagle, a daughter of George Nagle, wiio was sheriiFof Berks County in 1772 ; she was born in 1745 and died January 23, 1822. Their children were Thomas, George and a daugh- ter, Catharine, married to John DreLsbach. Thomas' sons were George N., for many years a justice of the peace in Mifflinburg. John, who was for a long time a resident and business man at Winfield, or Dry Valley, died in 1885; Thomas and two daughters; (one married to George Withington, the other to George Lehman). George's sons were Elias P., of Lycoming County, and Thomas, who shot himself, and a daughter. Business Interests. — The names of early store-keepers of the place are given in the pre- ceding lists. In 1829 the persons who kept stores were James Appleton, James A. Cum- mings, John Forster, Samuel Roush and Michael Roush. In 1835, Daniel and Benjamin Beck" ley, James A. Cumming.s, J. G. Chesney, Henry Gast, George Wolf, John Haas and Michael Roush. Fifty years later, in 1885, the merchants who deal in general merchandise are Bogar & Spigel- myer, B. F. Reighard & Brother, H. G, Wolf, Foster & Co., Henry Strunk, J. D. S. Gast, T. R. Hayes. Dealers in hardware exclusively, S. W. Snodgrass and Young Brothers. Drs. D. M. Brubaker, J. C. Steans and James Kleck- ner each carry on a drug-store in connection with their medical practice. W. R. Sechler and R. T. Barber have grocery-stores. FouNDEY. — About 1834 David Joel Herr started a foundry on the lot now occupied by Minadore Schware's block of buildings. It was run by horse-power, and the making of castings for plows, which were furnished with the wood-work in another shop of the same establishment, constituted an important branch of the business. The finished plows were taken away by the wagon-load and sold in the adjoin- ing counties. The firm conducting the foundry business has been frequently changed, as the following list will show: At first, in 1834, it was David Joel Herr, and respectively, by S. & D. Herr, Dreisbach, Gutelius & Youngman, 1366 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Dreisbach & Gutelius, David Herr, Dreisbach & Gutelius again, Gutelius & Stoch, G. & S. Gutelius, Gutelius & Torrey, George Gutelius, Foster & Gutelius, Gutelius & Stayman, Stay- man & Gutelius, (G. C. Guitelius); in 1868 Stayman & Zimmerman. In 1870 the last- named firm removed the establishment to the corner of Third and Railroad Streets, and added a steam-engine, planing-mill, scroll-saws, etc. The business is still continued there by J. M. Stayman. In 1876, Mr. Enoch Miller, an enterprising architect and building contractor, erected shops for the purpose, primarily, of working the lum- ber used by him in his building operations. He has placed an engine in his works. About 1841 John S. Zitler commenced the manufacture of buggies and carriages in Mifliin- bui'gjhe continued in this business a few years. This branch of mechanical industry now gives employment and support to more persons than any other business in the borough. There are about twenty diiferent shops in the borough. The aggregate yearly production is about eight hundred bugsies and about five hundred sleighs. DO O Thomas Gutelius has, perhaps, been longer en- gaged in the business than any one else in the borough. He commenced in 1846. Among the other buggy manufacturers are T. B. Taylor, H. A. Taylor, Jacob Gutelius, John Gutelius & Son, W. F. Brown, A. A. Hopp, James Moss, O. P. Mench, D. B. Miller, John G. Miller, W. H. Hursh, etc. Schools. — -In 1799 George Paget, a noted teacher, resided in Mifilinburg. He removed to Centre County in 1812, and lived north of Spring Mills until his death, November 2,1834. He taught until he was over seventy years of age. Thomas Lemon taught in the town in 1807, and in 1808 a man named Hazlett taught in a log building a little east of the present resi- dence of Thomas Gutelius. From 1810-14 Christopher Deering taught in an old building on Chestnut Street, as did also his daughter during the summer season. A Mr. John Hubbs taught about 1814, said to have been a very bright teacher, but very oruel and addicted 'to the immoderate u;se of strong drink. John C. Coverly taiight and resided there several years. from 1814 onwards. He was still living in MifBinburg in 1823; his son Wells was born there. Coverlywas a "Yankee." After teaching several years he tried merchandising, which re- sulted in disaster, financially ; he then, in 1824, rented the tavern at Potter's Mills, in Centre County, and removed there. Conrad Auble taught in Mifflinburg about 1814 ; in 1818 a Mr. Hesser. In 1819 a Mr. Young taught a German school for several years, in a school- house which had been erected some years pre- viously at the corner of Fifth and Green Streets. One end of this building was arranged for a residence for the teacher, the other end con- taining the school-room. This school-house was for many years afterwards called the German school-house. In 1825 John H. Hickok, father of Hon. Henry C. Hickok, later State superin- tendent of common schools, taught and lived in this school-house. Mr. Hickok was a native of Connecticut, a born teacher, remarkable for the thoroughness of his teaching and his skill and success in government. He also taught at White Springs and New Berlin. He had charge of an academy at Lewistown for ten years. He died at Harrisburg in 1841, in a railroad accident, aged forty-eight years. Before this time the Franklin school-house was built. Adam Gensel taught in 1827. From 1825 to 1838 and afterwards George Lehman taught, some- times in one school-house and sometimes in the other, but mostly in the upper, or German, school-house, and did a great deal of writing for citizens. From 1830 to 1836 Michael H. Weaver was a teacher; from 1836 to 1841, clerk to the county commissioners. He died February 13, 1872, aged seventy-three years. In 1836-38 Joel Hamer taught in the Frank- lin school-house. He was an excellent teacher. The borough accepted the common-school law in 1838, and commenced operations with the school-houses then in existence, viz., the " Frank- lin " and the " German." The first teachers were George Lehman and his son, Thomas G., followed by David Mizener, since a Methodist preacher, John Sprogel, B. F. Eaton, I. P. Cronimiller, J. M. C. Ranch, Mary and Eliza- beth Calvin, Nettie Montgomery, H. M. North and Rachel Yearick. Tiiose wiio taught in the UNION COUNTY. 1367 old German School -house were Levi R. Durant, Henr)' Bi-eyman, J. Wesley Pennington, Henry W. Crotzer, J. T. Smith, Ada Beckley (now Mrs. James Moss), Susan Cronimiller (now Mrs. Joseph Boob) and Miss Sarvey. In 1857 the board of directors purchased from the trustees of the Lutheran and Eeformed Churches the Elias Church property, for the sum of one thou- sand dollars. Some of the teachers in this building, when remodeled, were W. C. Hesser, John Bucher, Susan Cronimiller, Kate Gast, John McAlarney, B. T. Eaton, C. E. Haus, J. D. Passmore, Mary Haus, Mrs. Cummings, L. W. Anspach, Martha Ranch, Ada Herr, Ella Finney (now Mrs. B. B. Young), Miss Piper, Mary Eilert, Jane and Mary McAlarney, Rebecca Orwig, Frances Shriner and Emma Barber. Part of the academy building was used in the fall of 1871. The teachers in this building were A. S. Burrows, C. V. Gundy, L. W. Anspach, H. K. Mercer, John O. Hoy, J. E. Shadle, Mrs. Fanny L. Burrows, Susan Cronimiller, Mary ISIcAlarney, Rebecca H. Orwig, Emma Bar- ber and Frances Shriner. In 1873 the school directors purchased of Rev. J. G. Anspach three acres for fifteen hun- dred dollars, and in 1875 built the present ele- gant and commodious brick building, at a cost of thirteen thousand dollars, including grounds. The directors then were John Badger, John S. Stitzer, S. B. Hoffman, Chas. H. Gutelius, Jas. Zellers, Jacob Zimmerman, Robert Wendell, Andrew J. Katherman and Albert Foster. Among the teachers in the new building may be named Jacob V. Mohr, Joseph M. Bel ford, F. M. Kaler, L. W. Anspach, Emanuel Hoffman, Georgie Kemble, Mary McxVlarney, Ada Herr, etc. MiFFLiNBURG AcADEMY was established in pursuance of an act of Assembly of April 14, 1827, which provides, " That there shall be, and hereby is, established in the town of IVIifflin- burg, in the county of Union, an academy or public school for the education of youth in the useful arts, sciences and literature, by the name, style and title of the Mifilinburg Academy." The same act appointed Henry Yearick, James Appleton, Jacob Maize, James Merrill, John Forster, Joseph Musser, Michael Roush, Thos. Van Valzah and John F. Wilson, trustees. Sec- tion 7 of the act appropriated two thousand dol- lars, to be applied by the trustees to the erection of a building. This academy was the first school regularly established by law, in the county, that aimed at giving instruction in the classics and higher branches of learning. About 1829 the school was opened in the western room of the Franklin School-house, the Rev. Nathaniel Todd, a Presbyterian preacher, being the princijial, and remained in charge until 1836, when he was succeeded by Jamc^ J. Ham- ilton, for two years. E. Bradford Todd, a son of the first principal and a practicing attorney, had charge of it for a short time. For some reason the building contemplated by the act of Assembly establishing the academy was not completed until 1839. James McCluue was next selected as principal, and upon his tak- ing charge the school at once started on a career of prosperity. Mr. McClune was both a pro- ficient scholar and an excellent teacher. After successfully conducting the school some five or six years, he resigned to accept a situation in the Philadelphia High School. He was suc- ceeded by Henry G. McGuire, under whom the school reached the zenith of its fame. It was largely patronized from the ncighboringcounties, and many students were within its walls fitted for college, and are now occupying conspicuous positions in the various walks of life. About 1850 Mr. McGuire, too, resigned, to engage in teaching in Philadelphia. He was succeeded by Aaron C. Fisher, an excellent teacher. After few years he died in the work. After him, in order, came Mr. Kimball, Mr. Allison, Benjamin C. Youngman and Luther W. An- spach, all of whom were successful teachers. But the days of academies were by this time numbered. The Normal Schools of the State and the graded public schools of the towns had taken away from academies the jratronage on which they subsisted. In 1854 the Town Council purchased the academy building, had it torn down and rebuilt by the borough authorities in 1863, at a cost of one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three dollars. Doubts having arisen as to the legal- 1368 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ity of this purcliase by the borough, it was legalized by an act of Assembly of April 1, 1870. The Reformed Church. — In 1789 the Reformed congregation of the " Shamokin country " was organized. This was a compre- hensive name covering a large expanse of country about the West and North Branches (in- cluding Middle Creek, Buffalo Valley, Penn's and Brusli Valleys). These churches united in a call to Rev. Jonathan Rahauser, which he ac- cepted, and entered upon his work on the 23d of September, 1789. He was the first regular German Reformed clergyman who performed stated service in the valley. From the time of his arrival within the bounds of his charge, until October, 1792, he preached occasionally to the scattered flocks of Union County and Penn's and Brush Valleys, in Centre County. In 1792 he removed to Hagerstown, Md., and died there September 25, 1817. He is said to have been a very energetic and laborious pas- tor. From 1792 to 1794 the Reformed con- gregations were without a shepherd. In May, 1794, the Rev. George Geistweit took the place that had been formerly filled by Rahauser. He continued in this relation until 1804, when he accepted a call from York, Pa. He died there November 11, 1831, aged seventy years. From 1792 to 1800 the Rev. John George Pfruemer (pronounced Freemer), who, with others, was carrying on a religious movement, which after- wards resulted iu the sect called the United Brethren in Christ, professing to be a minister of the German Reformed Church, made fre- quent visits to Buffalo, Penn's and Brush Val- leys, preaching and catechising the children. Rev. John Deitrich Aurand, about the year 1801, also commenced preaching at Dreisbaeh's Church, near to which he lived, and to other congregations in Buffalo Valley and New Ber- lin, and continued to do so until, in October, 1804, he removed to Water Street, Huntingdon County, and founded a congregation of the Re- formed Church there. He died April 24, 1831. There appears to have been no regular pastor for the Reformed congregations for several years after the departure of Mr. Geistweit. During this interregnum the Elias Church, at Mifilin- burg, was built by the German Reformed and Lutiieran congregations, in 1806; sold to the school board of the borough after the erection of the present Lutheran and Reformed Churches, in 1857; and after the erection of the new school building it was sold by the school directors to Mr. Weirick, and has since then been used as a barn. The following vivid de- scription of the old church is taken from the Reformed 3fessenger of October 7, 1885, and was written by Rev. A. C. Whitmer : "Synod met (September 28, 1828) in the old Elias Church, at the south side of town. The building is now used as a barn. Oats, wheat and hay are now seen in the windows, from which the young people on the galleries tliere looked out over the valley. An aisle ran from the east door to the west door, and an- other from the altar to the north door (only the west door had lock and key; the others were barred from within). On the south side was the pulpit, of wine- glass shape, high up against the wall. On the plat- form, just below it, stood the large altar, without rail- ing, at which Father Fries administered the Lord's Supper to the people as they moved around it. Two old Franklin stoves were at the east and west ends, a little in from the aisle. From these went pipes into a great drum overhead, and from the centre of this a pipe went upward. The elderly women sat in the southeast corner of the church, the elderly men in the southwest, the young unmarried women in the northeast corner and the young married women in the northwest corner. All these were below. A gallery was on three sides. To the right of the pulpit were singers and the organ ; at the west end sat the boys and young unmarried men, and on the north side, opposite the pulpit, sat the young married men. The pews below were very long, holding twelve or fifteen, with high backs. On the front pew, in the old men's corner, sat the elders and deacons. Along the front pew, on the women's side, was a red wood-chest. The deacons always made the fire. Tallow-candles on the posts, on wooden or tin holders (brass for the pulpit only), dimly lighted the church. At confirmation (only every two years) the girls wore white caps and white dresses. The communion wine was in fine bot- tles and the bread was on a pewter plate. How changed all is to-day ! The evening sun throws its shadow over the grave of Father Fries, and no voice of worship rises from the old Elias Church. Looking from my study at the empty steeple, I sometimes think I must see the old bell swing and ring out the hour of service. (The bell, put up in 1820, is now on the public school building.) I can almost see the young [leople looking out of the upper windows, smiling at some late comer and whispering the news along the line. Alas ! in that church-yard dumb UNION COUNTY. 1369 brutes chew the cud, and where the altar stood the farmer now threshes his grain." In 1808, Rev. Jacob Dieifenbach, settled in Mifflinbnrg as the pastor of the Reformed Church, also preaching occasionally in Penn's and Brush Valleys and elsewhere. He left the charge in 1810, and died in Espytown in 1825. The congregation was there again without a regular pastor until the advent of the noted Just Henry Fries. The following sketch of his early life is from the pen of Rev. Dr. Har- baugh : " He was born in Westphalia, town of Gusterhain, April 24, 1777. He landed in Baltimore August 20, 1803. From early ciiildhood he had a strong inclination to the ministry, and, being poor, saw little hope of entering the ministry at home, where so many strict formalities were observed. He could not pay his passage, and was forced to become a ' rederaptioner.' Mr. Fries fell into the hands of a kind German farmer, in York County. He was honest, industrious and trusty, and soon won the full confidence of his employer. He was fond of improving his mind in his spare hours, and his desire to be a minister stirred him strongly. He spoke in small assem- blies when he got the opportunity. There was, however, nothing fanatical about him, yet he went so far once as to preach a sermon, in a school-house, on the words ' Much study is a weariness to the flesh,' Ecclesiastes, xii. 1, — a singular text certainly to begin with. He commenced his preparatory studies with Rev. Daniel Wagner, in Frederick, Md., 1809, and, after being with him a year, was licensed at Harrisburg, and on the 20th of June, 1810, took charge of eight congregations in York County. In June, 1811, he came up on a visit to Buffalo Valley, and on the 22d preached in the Dreis- bach Church, and on the 2.3d in Mifflinbnrg, in the afternoon of the same day at New Ber- lin, and in the evening again at Mifflinburg. In October, 1811, he made a second visit to Buffalo Valley, from the 17th to the 24th. He preached at Anspach's school-house, Dieffen- bach's, White Deer school-house, Dreisbach's Church, Mifflinburg, New Berlin, Aaronsburg and in Brush Valley, and on the 28th was home again in his charge. A strong effort was now made by the churches in Buffiilo Valley and neighborhood to secure his services." Mr. Fries was called April 27, 1812, and entered upon his duties June 17th of the same year. His field of labor extended from Brush Valley and the lower end of Penn's Valley to Blooms- burg, on the North Branch, and from Muncy, on the West Branch, down to Selin's Grove. His first regular charge was composed of Mif- flinburg, Dreisbach's, New Berlin, Aaronsburg and Brush Valley (the last two in Centre County). Besides these he preached at many other points in school-houses, gradually laying the foundations of future congregations. Within a few days after his settlement in Mifflinburg war was declared by the Congress of the United States against Great Britain. Mr. Fries, with all the vigor of his impetuous na- ture, espoused the cause of his adopted country, and on September 10, 1812, preached a charac- teristic sermon in Elias Church to the soldiers of Captain Donaldson's company of Pennsyl- vania militia, then about to march to the Can- ada frontier. Mr. Fries was short in stature, stout, full-faced, very near-sighted, of powerful voice, slow and distinct enunciation, high-temp- ered, possessed of a strong will, knew no fear, was a great politician of the Democratic school, veiy outspoken, both in the pulpit and in social intercourse. In those days nearly every person, clerical as veil as lay, occasionally took a little wine for his "stomach's sake " and his " oft in- firmities," and Mr. Fries was not an exception to the general rule. His bluut and outspoken manner of speech naturally made him enemies, who circulated the report that on several occa- sions he had been intoxicated. These reports assumed such dimensions that the matter was brought before the Synod, which recommended him to withdraw from Mifflinburg and take charge of the congregations on Middle Creek. He returned from Synod undaunted and called a meeting of the elders of all his churches, be- fore whom he dared his accusers to appear. The elders met and declared him innocent. This was in 1819. When political Anti-IMasonry became rampant in Union County, Mr. Fries took a decided stand against it. In connection with James 1370 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Merrill, Esq., he addressed the Masons, on the 14th of October, 1827, at New Berlin, where they at that time had a procession in regalia. It was about this time that Mr. Fries severed his pastoral connection with his Brush Valley congregation, and in his last .sermon to them made use of the oft-quoted expression, " Geld regiert die Welt, aber Dummheit Brush Val- ley," " Money rules the world, but ignorance Brush Valley." On September 15, 1829, at a time noted for its tremendous Anti-Masonic excitement, he de- livered an address before a Democratic, Masonic Wolf nominating convention in New Berlin. Just Henry Fries died on Wednesday even- ing, the 9th of October, 1839, aged sixty-two years, five months and sixteen days. For some years before his death he was deprived of sight, but his astonishing memory enabled him to give out the hymns in full, and preach with a precision for which he was always noted. He refused to take medicine in his la.st illness, say- ing that he wished to die in the full possession of his sen.ses. Mr. Fries was remarkably open, honest and true. His Mord could be depended upon. He hated all sham and hypocrisy to such a degree that he was constantly in danger of falling into a blunt frankness, without giving due attention to that suavity of manner which is to an open heart what the fragrance is to an open flower. He was fearless in preaching. He was un- necessarily open and free with his political views. He not only argued readily on this subject in private circles, but often introduced political matters, with more or less plainness in- to the pulpit, referring even to candidates and parties. He also wrote uujnerous articles for the papers during the heat of contests, anonymously, it is true, yet still so that their parentage was recognized by many. This was one of his weaknesses, which his friends always regretted, but wliicli he was never able to see in its true light. He was very kind-hearted, which he manifested in great affection towards his family and in kindnesses to his friends. His labors in the ministry were very extensive, and the complete statistics of his services show an astonishing result." — HarbaugKs"' Fathers." He was married twice, — first to Catharine Groff, by whom he had two children ; second, to Susanna Groff, by whom he had eleven. After the death of Mr. Fries the Rev. Ephraim Kieffer was called from Centre County to the Mifiiinburg charge, the duties of which he assumed in January 1840; he remained with the Mifiiinburg people some fifteen or sixteen years, and then removed to Carlisle, Pa., where he died. Two of his sons are leading preachers in the Eeformed Church. Next in order after Mr. Ivieffer came Rev. John C. Bucher, and then Rev. Isaac S. Weisz, Ritten house, George E. Addams and A. C. Whitmer, recently re- signed. Upon the sale of the old Elias Church to the school board of the borough, the Reformed con- gregation, in 1857, proceeded to erect an im- posing brick church edifice on the south side of Market Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets which they in 1884, enlarged, remodeled and improved. The Lutheran Church. — It seems that Lutheran and German Reformed congrega- tions were organized in the Valley as early as 1771, but they had no church build- ing until the first log church was erected where the Dreisbach Church now stands in Buffalo township, in the year 1788. Preaching and other religious services were held in private houses prior to that time. As the population of Mifiiinburg increased, a Lutheran congrega- tion was organized there, and stated services held. The first regularly settled Lutlieran pastor appears to have been the Rev. Ludwig Albrecht Wilhelm Ilgeu (commonly pronounced Ilyeu), a native of Germany, who commenced to minister to the Lutheran societies of Lower Penn's Valley in 1800, and also preached regu- larly to the Mifiiinburg Lutherans. In 1809 Rev. John G. Heim became the jiastor of the Lutherans at Dreisbach's, INIifflinburg, etc., and retained that position luitil 1831, when he was succeeded by Rev. John G. Auspach. Before the pastoral relation between Mr. Heim and his people was severed his moral character had for some time been under a shadow, which seriously impaired his usefulness. As the next incumbent of the pastoral office is remarkable. UNION COUNTY. 1371 amoug other things, for the length of time he occupied it, a brief sketch will be given of him and his labors. The ancestors of the Rev. George Anspach resided in the city of Anspach, in Francouia, and took a leading part in the events of their days. John Adam Anspach, the grandfather of Rev. John G., arrived in America about the time of the Revolution. He settled in Phila- delphia and engaged in the mercantile business. In 1793, he and his family, excepting a son John, fell victims to the ravages of the yellow fever. This son, upon the adjustment of his father's affairs, found himself penniless at the age of nineteen years, but, being possessed of a vigorous physical constitution, and having con- fidence in himself, he removed to the " Loop," in Potter township, in Centre County, Pa., purchased a tract of unimproved land, took unto himself for a wife one of the daughters of the land, cleared up a farm, and reared a large family of children. Losses by fire and otherwise absorbed the earnings of years of persevering industry, and his numerous children were compelled to com- mence the battle of life with no other patrimony than a sound mind in a sound body, good re- ligious training and as much of an education as the schools of the vicinity at the time afforded. John George, the eldest son, was born Septem- ber 13, 1801 ; was licensed to preach by the Synod of West Pennsylvania, at Greencastle, in 1830 ; ordained at Indiana in 1831, and became the pastor of the Mifflinburg congi'egation of Lutherans in the same year. In 1833 he married Miss Susan Wolf, of Berks County, Pa., who died September 19, 1842, leaving two sons, — Luther W. and John M. The former has been for many years one of the leading teachers in the schools of Union County and elsewhere ; the latter is a prominent clergyman in the Lutheran Church, at present located at Easton, Pa. In March, 1843, he married Miss Susan Schoch, who still survives to share with her honored husband the respect of the community in which they reside. Mr. Anspach finally re- tired from the active duties of the pastorate in 1884. He had previous to that time diminished the number of the congregations which he served. He had charge of the Lutheran congregation at Ray's for fifty-three years, and during that time took an active part in forwarding the building of the two churches erected there during that period. Reserved the White Deer congregation fifty years, and had a church built there during that time ; the congregation at Dreisbach's was under his charge nearly fifty years, two churches built there during that time ; at MifBinburg he was the pastor about thirty years, a church built during that time ; atLewisburgh fourteen years, a church built during that time ; at New Berlin nineteen years, church built ; at the Union Church, in Buffalo townsliip, forty years, ehui'cb built ; at Laurel Run, or Laurelton, nine years; at Centreville, two years, and at Milton, one year. From a record kept by Mr. Anspach of his ministerial labors, it appears that from April 1, 1831, to April 1, 1884, he preached 7397 ser- mons in the course of his regular appointments; he also preached 1613 funeral sermons, — -total sermons, 9010 ; he administered the rite of baptism to 8407 children and 548 adults ; con- firmed 2081 ; married 1007 couples; assisted at 1 3 corner-stone layings and 1 7 church dedica- tions. He excelled as a preacher in the German language ; in fact, he was emphatically a German preacher. He was distinguished for the purity and richness of his German, and never acquired the faculty of speaking the English language untinged with the German accent. In 1857 the Lutherans built their present church on north side of Market Street, nearly opposite to the Reformed Church. Since the retirement of Mr. Anspach from the charge of the INIiffliuburg congregation of Lutherans the successive pastors have been Messrs. Frederick Ruthrauff, J. M. Anspach, W. L. Heisler, Henry and J. C. Earnest. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — At a Conference of the IMethodist preachers, held in Baltimore in 1791, a new circuit called Northumberland was formed, and two preach- ers, Richard Parriott and Lewis Browning, ap- pointed to travel and preach through its bounds. This circuit extended from Nortiuuuberland up the North Branch to Wilkesbarre up the 1372 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. West Branch and Bald Eagle and Spring Creek, so as to include Milesburg and Bellefonte ; then across to and including Peun's Valley, from which place the preachers traveled the road through the Peun's Valley Narrows, by way of Hartleton, Mifflinburg and Lewisburgh, to Northumberland. Each preacher traversed this circuit on horseback once in four weeks, preaching every day or night, except when the distance between the appointments was too great ; generally in private houses. Under this arrangement Mifflinburg and the whole of the Buffalo Valley was included in Northumberland circuit, and retained this connection until, in 1806, all that part of the circuit west and south of the town of Northumberland was embraced in a new circuit, called Lycomiug. About 1832 Northumberland circuit was again made to embrace Buffalo Vallev, and continued to do so until the formation of the Mifflinburg circuit, in 1855, with the exception that in 1850 Lewis- burgh had been made an independent station. The Mifflinburg circuit embraces four regular preaching-places, viz.: Mifflinburg, Forest Hill, Hartleton and Lincoln Chapel, all supplied by one pastor. The time of the erection of the first Methodist Church in Mifflinburg cannot be fixed with absolute certainty. An examination of the deeds for the land on which the present Methodist Church is built shows that on March 23, 1803, John Aurand and wife conveyed a cer- tain lot of ground, therein described, containing twenty-four perches, to Christopher Wagner and Mishael Lincoln, trustees of the " Communion Union Church." On this laud a log church was built at or about that time, and was used by the Methodists, and known as the Methodist Church. This church was of one story, with a door in the west end, opposite to the pulpit, opening on what is now called Third Street. There was also another door on the south side of the building, which was not used for ordinary purposes of ingress and egress, it being several feet from the ground and unprovided with steps. The ceilinor was made of boards, nailed to the joists from below, and from the joists above the ceiling a ciiimney or flue was built up, so as to extend beyond the roof. This chimney or flue received the pipe from the stoves used in warm- ing the building. When this flue was built, the part above the roof was made a little larger than the part below, in order to keep the rain from running down along the flue. It thus came to pass that when the newly-built flue settled, the part below the roof became separated from the part above. While in this condition a pro- tracted meeting was held, and a revival was in progress ; penitents were at the altar crying for mercy ; the prayers of the brethren were going up in their behalf, accompanied by the pious amens, when, all at once, that part of the flue between the ceiling and the roof toppled over, and fell with a tremendous crash upon the boards of the ceiling below, which straightway went down upon the backs and shoulders of the kneel- ino; couOT-egation. A scene of indescribable con- fusion then ensued. A rush was made for the doors ; the side-door from which there were no steps, was opened, and the affrighted people tum- bled pell-mell out of it into a promiscuous heap, glad to get out in any way, not knowing but what some fiend incarnate was at their heels. Although the house was filled with people at the time, no one was seriously injured, but many ludicrous scenes occurred, which were laughed over in after-years. For some years prior to 1 832 there had been no regular preaching by the Method- ists in Mifflinburg, on account of the dimin- ished number of the congregation. At this time Mifflinburg was again made part of the Northumberland circuit, and the "circuit riders" again made their bi-weekly visits, until the for- mation of the Mifflinburg circuit made a Meth- odist preacher a resident of the town. On July 11, 1844, Mishael Lincoln, surviving trustee of the " Communion Uuion Church," formally conveyed the church property to David Mizener, Henry Crotzcr and Jeremiah Camp, trustees, and theil- successors, for the use of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. In 1856 the old log building was torn down, and the present brick church erected in its place ; also a parsonage on the lot adjoining. The following list contains the names of the preachers appointed to the several circuits, which, from time to time, embracetl Mifflinburg and the sur- rounding country : Northumberland Circuit, 1791, — Richard Parriott, UNION COUNTY. 1373 Lewis Hiowning ; 1792, — James Campbell, William Colbert; 17'J3, — James Campbell, James Pay uteri 1794,— Robert Manley, Jobn Brodhead ; 179r),— James Ward, Stephen Timmons ; 1796, — John Seward, Rich- ard Sneath ; 1797, — John Lackey, Daniel Higby ; 1798, — John Lackey,- John Leach. Wyoming and Northumberland Circuit, 1799, — James Moore, Benjamin Bidlack and Daniel Stevens, a six- weeks' circuit; 1800, — Ephraim Chambers, Ed. Larkins, Asa Smith. Northumberland Circuit, 1801, — Johnson Durham, Gilbert Carpenter ; 1802, — Anning Owen, James Aik- ens ; 1803, — Daniel Ryan, James Ridgway ; 1804, — Thomas Adams, Gideon Draper ; 1805, — Christopher Fry, James Saunders. Lycoming Circuit, 1806, — Timothy Lee, Jesse Pinnel; 1807,— James Charles, William Wolfe; 1808, — Anning Owen, Daniel Stansbury ; 1809, — John Rhoads, Jacob Barnhart; 1810, — Timothy Lee, Samuel Ross; 1811, — George Thomas, Abraham Dawson; 1812, — Jobn Hazzard, James S. Lent; 1813, — George Thomas, Israel Cook ; 1814, — Peter Jones, James Bennett ; 1815, — John Thomas, Wyatt Chamberlin ; 1816, — Israel Chamberlin, Rinaldo M. Everetts I 1817,— John Thomas, John Rhoads; 1818,— John Rhoads, Benjamin Bidlack ; 1819, — Israel Cook, Thomas McGhee ; 1820.— John Thomas, Robert Men- shall ; 1821,— Robert Menshall, Jacob R. Shepperd ; 1822,— Robert Cadden, William McDowell; 1823,— Robert Cadden, Nathaniel Mills; 1824, — John Thomas, Thomas McGhee ; 1825,— Thomas McGhee, Francis McCartney; 1820, — Amos Smith, John Bowen ; 1827, — John Bowen, Henry Tarring; 1828, — Edward E. Allen, Robert Kemp; 1829, — William Prettymau, Charles Kalbfus; 1830, — William Prettyman, James H. Brown; 1831, — James W. Dunahay, William Evans. Northumberland Circuit, 1832. — -Marmaduke Pearce, Josiah Forrest; 1833, — Josiah Forrest, J. Reed, Jr. ; 1834,— Henry Tarring, Oliver Ege, 1835,— Henry Tarring, R. Beey, John Guyer, and T. Myers; 1836, —Charles Kalbius, J. T. Chaney; 1837,— Charles Kalbfus, John Hall ; 1838, — James Sanks, Isaac T. Stratton ; 1839, — -James Sanks, Isaac T. Stratton ; 1840,— Thomas Taneyhill, William Hirst; 1841,— Thomas Taneyhill, James W. Miles. (James W. Miles remained on his circuit only a few weeks. Northumberland and Milton Circuits were then united, and were supplied by Thomas Taneyhill, John Bowen and William Herst, until after the next Con- ference.) 1842, — James Ewing, William R. Mills; 1843,— James Ewing, W. T. D. Clemm ; 1844,— B. H. Crever, James Guyer ; 1845, — B. H. Crever, N. 8. Buckingham; 1846, — P. B. Reese, John J. Pearce; 1847,— William R. Mills, J. W. Elliott; 1848,— Joseph S. Lee, S. A. Wilson ; 1849, — Josephs. Lee, Benjamin B. Hamlin ; 1850, — S. L. M. Conser, H. W. Bellman ; 1851,— S. L. M. Conser ; 1852,— John Moorhead, T. M. Slusser; 1853, Thomas Barnhart, J. Y. Rothrock ; 1854, — Thomas Barnhart. Mifflinburg Circuit, 1855,— R. W. Black, J. W. Stout; 1856,— R. W. Black, P. B. Ruch; 1857,— Samuel Creighton ; 1858, — Samuel Creighton; 1859, Samuel Shannon; 1800, — Samuel Shannon; 1801, — A. W. Gibson; 1862,— Albert Hartman ; 1863,— Charles Cleaver, W. Case ; 1804,— Charles Cleaver, E. Shoemaker; 1865-06,— N. W. Colburn ; 1867-68,— James T. Wilson ; 1869.— N. W. Colburn; 1870,— John Guss ; 1871-73,— John A. Woodcock ; 1874-76. — M. P. Crosthwaite ; 1877, — Mifflinburg Circuit, D. B. McCloskey; 1878-80,— B. F. Stevens; 1881-83,— A. M. Barnitz ; 1884-85,— W. McKendree Riley. Presbyterian CnuEfiH of Mifflinburg. — In 1808 Rev. Thomas Hood, tlien pastor of the Buffalo Church, comnienceil preaching in Mifflinburg for the accommodation of those of his members wlio lived in the vicinity ; gave them one-fourth of his time and continned un- til 1812. A congregation was formed in 181!) by Messrs. McClellan and Templeton and oc- casional supplies for three years were mostly from the Associate or Associate Reformed denom- inations ; among these were Rev. George Jun- kin, Mdio served from 1821 to 1823 ; was fol- lowed by Rev. David Kirkpatrick, who, in Oc- tober, 1827, with the congregation, made appli- cation to the Presbytery of Northumberland, and were received by them from the Associate Reformed body. This congregation used the old log Methodist Church as their place of wor- ship. Mr. Kirkpatrick was the princijial of the Milton Academy. He quit the Mifflinburg congregation about 1835; until 1840 the church was served by supplies, among whom were Revs. P. B. Marr, Sheddou, Hudson, Waller, Pollok, B. B. Newton, etc. In 1841 Rev. G. W. Thompson became the regular pastor of the congregation, which was then received into Presbytery. He left in 1847 and was succeeded in order by Revs.M'illiani- son, Morrison, Adams, Marrs, Reardon, Ken- nedy, Reed, Edwards. In 1 846 a brick church on Green Street was built, which, in 1881, cf>i- lapsed under the weight of snow on its roof. The church was rebuilt the same year. Presbyterian Church. — After the recep- tion into Presbytery of the Associate Reforined Church of Mifflinburg, that portion of the Presbyterians of Mifflinburgand vicinity wliicii .still l)elonged or adhered to the Buffalo congre- gation, with the consent of Mr. Hood, who was 1374 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. still their pastor at Buffalo, petitioned Presby- tery at its next meeting to allow Rev. Nathaniel Todd to preach to them in Mifflinburg on the Sabbath which Mr. Hood did not preach at Buffalo. This request was granted, and Mr. Todd sujjplied the western part of the Buffalo congregation for six years and a half, preaching to them every alternate Sabbath. After the re- moval of Mr. Todd from Mifflinburg the ■west- ern portion of the Buffalo congregation had no preaching at Mifflinburg until about 1854. In October, 1853, Dr. Grier accepted a call from the Buffalo Church for his whole time and made Mifflinburg the place of his residence. He then commenced preaching in Mifflinburg to the members of Buffalo consrreoation who resided in and near Mifflinburg and continued until his deatli, in 1884. After Dr. Grier began preach- ing at Mifflinburg he was arraigned before the Presbyteiy on the charge of acting disorderly in preaching at Mifflinburg. The Presbytery decided in his favor. Eight years afterwards the subject was again brought before the Presbytery, carried to the General Assembly and decided in his favor again. In 1881 a church building- was erected on Market Street, in the front of which is a tablet bearing the inscription : " Buf- folo Church; organized 1773, built 1881." Rev. W. K. Foster has been the pastor since the death of Dr. Grier. Isaac Cirier, son of Rev. Isaac Grier and Elizabeth, his wife, w;isborn at Jersey Shore in January, 1806. His mother was a daugiitcr of Rev. Robert Cot)])er, of Cuml)erland Valley. Robert C. Grier, late a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and General Griei', of the United States army, were his brothers. Rev. Dr. Grier was graduated from Dickinson College, tauglit tiie Danville Acadeni}' for two years and then entered the Tiieological Seminary at Princeton, N. J., from which institution he was graduated in 1833. He then became a supply to the congregations of Shamokin and Washington, in AVhile Deer Valley. In 1834 he accepted a call from the Washington con- gregation ; gave up the Shamokin one, and took also the Bethel, in AVhite Deer townsliip. In 1835, he accepted a call from the Buffalo Church, and in 1852 he accepted a call from the Wash- ington Church and the next year returned to the Buffalo Chiu'ch. He remained the pastor of this church until his death, June 17, 1874, aged seventy-eight years. From the time he took charge of tiie Buffalo Church until his death forty-nine yeai's had passed, during all of which, as the years rolled by, he seemed to be more and more esteemed and respected by his people. This fact is his best eulogy. His aged widow now resides in Mifflinburg. Newspapers. — In 1814, Andrew Kemiedy, Jr., began to publish a weekly paper in ]\Iifflin- burg, called the Union, continued it one year, when he sold it to Henry Shaup, who removed it to New Berlin, following the county-seat. In August, 1843, Robert Swineford, proprietor of the Temperance Advocate and Family Vmtor, a paper published at New Berlin, sold it to James McClune and Jacob Hans, and they re- moved the cstal)lishment to Mifflinl)urg. About two years later the paper was sold to Rev. W. H. H. Barnes, who removed the concern to Milton. During the time the paper was pub- lished by McClune & Hans the subscription list increased from six hundred to one thousand. Mr. Hans now lives in New Castle, Pa., where he lias served as alderman for the last twenty-three years. He served as protluinotarv of Union County from 1847 to 1850. In 1855, Rev. Samuel Gutelins bouglit tlie Un'io)) f'oiudy Star, a pa})er pnbh'shed in New Berlin, and removed it to Mifflinburg. He sold it to Dr. A. J. Crotzer, who formed a partnershij) with Dr. Chesselden Fisher. Sub- sequently Crotzer sold it to Reuben G. Orwig, wiio, with his brothei", Thomas G., ran the paper one year, when Reuben G. Orwig removed to Lewisburgh and established the Home Gazette. The Union County Star was sold to O. N. Worden, of tiie Lcirishiur/h Chronicle, and the j)aper was afterwards published as tiie Star and Chronicle. In 1858, Frederick Smith establislied and published tiie Union County Pres?: for about four years. The Mijflinhurg Tcler/raph. was established by C. E. Hans and Jos. J. R. Orwig ; the first number was issued June 10, 18G2. Frederick UNION COUNTY. 1375 Smith sold liis paper to Hans & Orwig. In 1865 Mr. Hans sold liis interest in the estab- lisiiment to Mr. Orwig, wlio, with a few inter- missions, published the paper until January 1, 1873, when he sold it to George W. Schoch, and soon after received the appointment of assistant librarian in the State Libr9.ry at Harrisburg. Since January 1, 1873, Mr. Schoch has con- ducted the Telegraph with signal ability and marked success. It is Republican in polities. On January 1, 1886, George W. Foote issued the first number of the 3IiJflinburg Times, a Democratic paper. Societies. — The Crescent Lodge, I. O. of O. F., was organized in 1846. The charter members were Dr. William A. Piper, Henr}- W. Crotzer, Matthias Wilson, Josejih Filer and Dr. A. J. Crotzer. The lodge was reorganized .Tune, 1874. Charter members : Samuel Getgen, John Bad- ger, Charles Crotzer, J. M. Stayman, B. F. Eaton and Alexander Frederick. The first of- ficers were: N. G., B. F. Eaton ; V. G., Robert A. Wendell ; Secretary, F. M. Getgen ; Assist- ant Secretary, S. W. .Tohnson ; Treasurer, Sam- uel Getgen. jNIifQiuburg Lodge, No. 370, of Free and Accepted Masons, was organized August 30, A.D. 1866. Firet officers : W. M., X. W. Col- burn ; S. W., J. E. Herr ; J. W., Richard A\ B. Lincoln. William R. Fo.«ter Post, No. 247, G. A. R., so named in honor of Brevet-lMaJor William R. Foster, was organized May 18, 1882, with eighteen members. It now numbers sixty-nine. The first officers were as follows : Post Com- mander, C. A. Eaton ; Senior A'^ice-Commandcr, S. W. Johnston ; Junior Vice-Commander, F. M. Kessinger ; (Quartermaster, J. W. Bar- l)er; Chaplain, John L. Strong; Surgeon, G. S. Kemble, M.D. ; Officer of the Guard, H. E. Gutelius ; Officer of the Day,^I. G. Reed; Ad- jutant, S.B. Hoffman ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Albert Foster; Sergeant-JNIajor, Geoi'ge W. Schoch. Bank.s.— The First National Bank of Miffiin- burg waschartered February, 1863, with William Young president, and James W. Sands cashier. In 1872 a banking-house was built at a cost of five thou.sand five hundred dollars, and wound up its affairs in 1880. William Young re- mained its president during the whole term of its existence. B. F. Young was ca.shier for a time. The Mifflinburg Bank was organized June 15, 1872, by a number of the business men of Miffiinburg and vicinity. Its success was as- sured, and, on March 27, 1873, it was incor- porated. On March 8, 1880, it purchased the banking-house of the First National Bank. Its officers are James Chambers, president ; H. G. AVolf, vice-president ; J. D. S. Gast, secretary ; John W. Lincoln, cashier. Directors : James Chambers, H. G. Wolf, J. D. S. Gast, Robert V Glover, Horace P. Glover, John Reighard, R. V. B. Ijincoln, Valentine Walter, David Watson, G. W. Himmelreich and .Tacob Bing- man. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HENRY GAST. During the reign of Queen Anne, in the early part of the eigliteenth century, most press- ing invitations were extended to different parts of Germany to send emigrants to England, to l)e shipped from thence to A merica. The idea ot the Queen being to populate this countl-y with an industrious, hardy class of people. Among those M'ho accepted this invitation were two brothers named Johan Nickel and Johann Christian Gast, who were born in the village of Oderwald, Germany, in what was called the Pfalz. They shipped at Rotterdam, in the ship "Neptune," commanded by George Smith, on the 7th day of October, 1755. They were land- ed at Philadelphia, Pa., where their services were sold to pay their passage. Johan Nickel Gast married and had a son born to him. The son married, but died without i.ssue, and the family of one of the brothers became extinct. Johann Christian married before leaving Ger- many a ISIiss Catherine Bruudt. As soon as their passage money was paid they went to Nor- thumberland County, Pa., and near where Mid- dle Creek empties into the Susquehanna River, bought eight hundred acres of land. He built 1376 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. a house iinrl oiit-lioiist's and improved the land and on it lived many years. To tliem were born John Nicholas, born ; Christian, born and a daugh- ter, who married a man by the name of Mowry, and went to Ohio, since when nothing is known of them. When Mr. Gast found himself too old to work ho offered his entire farm to his eldest son, John, on condition that he would support him and his wife. John declined the farm, saying he had a good trade and did not ily and parents moved into the Valley, where the old people died, and are buried at liivers- burg. After the death of his parents. Christian sold out and moved to Huntingdon County, where he died. He reared a family often chil- dren, all of whom in their turn raised large families, who went West, from whence many of them came to the annual re-union of the Gast family. John Nicholas Gast was born and grew to manhood on the original homestead J^6 H^-^t^-i,^ /Zjsa ^~tl^ want a farm. He then made the same offer to his next son, who also declined. This second refusal brought the old man to tears, which caused the son to relent and he accepted the farm. After this John Nicholas bought of a Mr. Miles three hundred and thirty acres of land in the Brush Valley, in what is now Cen- tre County, Pa., and, wishing to get the family together, he prevailed on his brother to sell the homestead and take )iart of his purchase in the Brush Valley, which he did, and with his fara- He became a .shoemaker and workeil at his trade, when not engaged as a scout. He was one of a party of scouts whose duty it was to go from fort to fort and help protect the settlers from Indian raids. He was one of the party who carried Mr. Tate to the fort after he was wounded by the Indians. With money earned at his trade he bought the land in Brush Val- ley, where he passed the remainder of his days. His wife was Catherine Knipe, and a member of the Knipe family of Lebanon Valley. She .1 UNION COUNTY. 1377 was a grand-daughter of Jacob Stover, who, with Judge Harper and Jacob Hubler, were the first three settlers in Penu Valley, their nearest neighbor being General Potter, fifteen miles west of them. Her father died when she was but two years old, and she became a mem- ber of her grandfather Stover's fimiily, and with them went to the Penn Valley. When she was but seven years old her grandfather and his neighbors were notified by General Potter that the Indians were making a raid down the val- ley. Prejjarations were at once made to leave and the next morning those who were unable to walk were put on horses, while the others, among them the seven-year-old girl, had to walk, and in a snow-storm started for Over- meyer's Fort, twenty miles away. Before the fort was reached the snow was up to her knees. From the fort they went in canoes down Penn Creek to the Susquehanna River. In unloading one of the canoes, one of them, containing her grandmother and her children, was upset and all thrown into the creek, from which they were all taken more dead than alive. They went down the river in flat boats and landed near what is now Harrisburg. They made their \\'ay back to what is now Lebanon, then called Steitz, where they remained until the treaty of peace with the Indians two years after made it safe for them to return to their farms, much to the joy of the little Catherine, who had always longed for her home in the wilderness. The children of John Nicholas Gast and his wife, Catherine, were Elizabeth, who died in her eighty-ninth year; John Adams, died at the age of eighty-nine ; Barbara, who was seventy- five years old at her death; George, who died i at eighty-six, and Catherine, who passed away at the age of eighty-six. Their living children are Christina, born in 1800; Mary, born in 1802; John, born in 1804; Henry, born in 1806; and Susan, born in 1808. John Nich- olas and his wife are buried at Riversburo;. One year prior to the sailing for this country of the two brothers, Johan Nickel and Johann Christian, their sister, who was the wife of John Henry Shaffer, came to this country and settled across the Blue Mountains, from Reading, in Berks County. The day before the two broth- 87 ers landed at Philadelphia Mr. Shaffer was no- tified that the Indians were approaching his home. The next morning he placed his wife on a horse to flee, but she had gone only a short distance wheu he was shot and killed by the Indians. His wife's horse was disabled by a bullet, and, though she attempted to escape by running, she was soon captured. She was taken to Canada and remained a prisoner for two years, when she was returned to her friends. She afterwards married a Mr. Garman, but all trace of her descendants have been lost. Henry Gast was born September 30, 1806, on the homestead in the Brush Valley. His fatiier died when Henry was but five years old leaving a large family. The mother kept the children together and Henry thus had the pre- cepts and teachings of his almost Spartan moth- er, who instilled upon his young mind the les- sons of industry and integrity, which have been his motto throusrh life. At the age of sixteen he became a clerk in the store of Alexander Graham, in Aaronsburg, Penn Valley. After several years spent in the store he drove a ped- ler's wagon on his own account, but only suc- ceeded in keeping out of debt. He then served as boss on the Pennsylvania Canal for four years, and saved some money, with which he, in 1830, started a geueral store in Mifflinburg, Union County, Penna. He built, in 1837, the brick store on the south side of the street, now owned by his son, J. D. S. Gast, which at that time was considered a very fine store. In 1865 he retired from the mercantile busi- ness in favor of his son, J. D. S. Gast, who continued in business in the old store until 1883, when he built the fine structure he now occu- pies opposite the old stand. About the year 1860, finding he was losing his health by too close confinement in the store, Mr. Gast built a cabin in the mountains and spent weeks hunt- ing and fishing. While roaming over the moun- tains in quest of game he became impressed M'ith the idea that the timber would in time greatly enhance the value of the mountain land, and he finally purchased eleven thosand acres at fifty cents per acre, a scheme which by many of his neighbors was considered good evidences of his insanity. But the wisdom of the purchase 1378 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. has long since been conceded by all. The sale of only a part of these lands has made for him- self and family a comfortable fortune. In politics Mr. Gast is and ever has been a Democrat, thongh not an office seeker or holder. He married Miss Mary Spyker, a daughter of Daniel and Margaret (Rush) Spyker. Miss Spyker is a descendant of Conrad Wei- ser, who, in 1729, left Schoharie, N. Y., with his wife and five children and settled near ENOCH MILLER. Among the early settlers of Berks County, Pa., was the father of John Miller, who emigrated to this country from Germany, at what time is not known. John was born, grew to manhood and was married in Berks County. Of his cliildren, Moses W. was born in Berks County October 30, 1807 ; he became a farmer and married Miss Mary Bartlet in 1831 ; she was born in Oley township, county above named. ^yM^^!^ /^^^^^^^ the present site of Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pa. He was a man of prominence and served in various capacities for the Government of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Gast have been blessed with the following children : Margaret, born March 22,1834; John D. 8., born No- vember 24,1835; Calvin, October 26, 1837; John R, born March 7, 1840; Catherine, born June 4, 1842 and Emma, born April 22, 1846. October 30, 1807. In the spring of 1835, with iiis wife and children, he came to Union County, and for a couple of years lived in West Buffalo township. He then bought of a Mr. Pancross the farm in Limestone township he resided upon until his death, which occurred May 23, 1844. In politics he was a Whig, but took no active part in politics and held only the office of supervisor. lie ^\as for many years a member of the Evangelical Church. After her hus- band's death Mrs. Miller for six years let her I UNION COUNTY. 1379 tarm to tenants. Her eldest son then rented it for a time ; the next one then rented it, and so for many years it was rented by her sons. In 1873 she had a house erected in Mifflinburg, since when she has resided in town and is now in her seventy-eighth year, strong and vigorous. Their children were Sarah, born January 30, 1832; Maria, born April 7, 1834; Enoch, born No- vember 4, 1835; Joseph, born November 17, 1837; Daniel B., born December 21, 1839; John F., born February 18, 1842; and George A., born January 21, 1844. Enoch Miller, after the death of his father, remained at home until old enough to work, when he worked out by the month for the farmers in his vicinity, going to the country schools only for a few mouths in the winter. When fifteen years old he worked his mother's farm one year, and was then placed by his guard- ian with Mr. Joseph Boop to learn the carpenter's trade. He worked as an apprentice two years, as a journeyman two years, and was then for one year a partner of Mr. Boop. In 1860 he built a house and carpenter-shop on the corner of Sixth and Market Streets, in Mifflinburg, and continued at his trade on his own account. In 1870 he built the first residence he now resides in, and in 1875 the large and commodious plan- ing-mill he now occupies, and in which he manu- factures doors, sash, blinds and everything in his line used in building. Mr. Miller is, in every sense of the word, a self-made man, and has, by integrity and upright dealing, increased his business until he now employs sixteen car- penters and erects buildings in Mifflinburg bor- ough, Northumberland, Snyder and Union Counties. The bank building, Gast's fine store and many of the best buildings in Mifflinburg have been erected by him. In politics a Demo- crat, but not a partisan. He has been borough councilman and held other town offices. A member of the Reformed Church for many years and for a quarter of a century the leader of its choir. On the 20th day of September, 1856, Mr. Miller led to the altar Miss Sarah E., daughter of Frederick and Christiana (Stitzer) Kather- man, of an old family in the valley. She was born October 6, 1837. Their union has been blessed with the following children : Mary C, born June 14, 1857 ; Frederick W., born July 7, 1858, died December 4, 1863; Anna S., born January 25, 1860; Edith M., born September 23, 1862; Sallie B., born December 21, 1864, died January 21, 1872 ; Bessie V., born Oc- tober 31, 1868 ; Maggie B., born July 12, 1871 ; Louisa M., born March 11, 1875; and Georgia, born January 7, 1878, and died July 14, 1879. CHAPTEE XIII, HARTLEY TOWNSHIP.' The first eifort made towards the erection of Hartley township was in the circulation of petitions in 1810, which were presented to the Northumberland County Court in January, 1811. Robert Barber, John Wilson and Peter Fisher were appointed viewers to examine the territory and define a boundary for the proposed new township, if, in their opinion, it was deemed ad- visable. The report was made at the April term of court, 1811, in favor of a new town- ship, with boundaries as follows : " Beginning on the line between West Bufialo and Washington townships (Washington township is now a part of Lycoming County) ; thence along the same to the four-mile tree on Reuben Haines' road, on the line of Centre County ; thence soath along said line across Penn's Creek to the top of Jack's Mountain ; thence along the the summit to a point south of where Adam Laughlin formerly lived ; thence north across Penn's Creek to the place of beginning." Hartley township is the largest township in the county. It is bounded on the north by Centre County, on the east by Lewis township, Union County, on the south by Snyder County, and on the west by Mifflin and Centre Counties. Nearly three-fourths of its surface is mountainous and incajjable of cultivation. Jack's Mountain extends through the township, and is supposed to be so named in memory of the celebrated and mysterious personage known as Captain Jack, who was a white man, but whose real name has never been ascertained, and who figured prom- inently in the wars with the Indians in the Cumberland and Juniata Valleys. In the ' By R. V. B. Lincoln. 1380 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. western part of tlie township, near the mouth of Weiker Run a precipitous mountain juts in be- tween Jack's Mountain and Penn's Creek, and extends on westward into Mifflin County. This mountain goes by the name of " White Mountain." Between White Mountain and Jack's Mountain is the valley of Weiker Run, which extends for miles westward into Mifflin County, and is a favorite resort for the hunter and the angler. A part of the valley has been denuded of its white pine timber. Paddy's Mountain extends along the northern side of the settled portion of the township and gradually approaches the Jack's and White Mountains until they come so nearly together that there is barely left sufficient room between them for Penn's Creek. In the northern part of the township are the Little Buffalo, Dull, Shriner, Seven Notch and Sand Mountains. Penn's Creek runs through it a distance of about twelve miles, and in its course receives Weiker Run, White Thorn Run and Laurel Run. Nearly all of Hartley township was included in the purchase the proprietaries of Pennsylvania made from the Indians at Al- bany, N. Y., July 6, 1754, and surveys were made within it along Penn's Creek as early as February 13, 1755 ; but, in consequence of a dispute with the Indians about the boundary line of the purchase, these were all abandoned, and no further surveys were made until after the purchase of November 5, 1 768. John Turner made an improvement in 1754 on land now owned by R. V. B. Lincoln ; in June, 1755, he sold his improvement right to John Harris, who also was the owner of the William Doran improvement. On February 7, 1755, John Harris took out a warrant for both these; they were surveyed to him February 23, 1769. This survey embraced eight hundred and twenty acres. June 18, 1771, another survey was made for John Harris at the mouth of Laurel Run. It was resurveyed for Peter Fisher in 1802. Fisher had settled here as early as 1787, and built a saw-mill in 1795, and a grist-mill in 1797, now owned by H. D. Albriglit. In pursuance of warrants of April 3, 1769, other surveys were made on the 18th of June, 1771, for David Harris, John Harris, Leonard Foust and Michael Treaster, all near Penn's Creek. The arable lauds north of these were warranted in 1772 and 1773. The sur- veys in the northern end of the township on Sand Mountain, Paddy's Mountain, Little Buf- falo Mountain, etc., were made in 1794 in large blocks on warrants of March 22, 1793, and of December 7 and 16, 1793. The surveys in the southern part of the town- ship, on Jack's Mountain, were made in large blocks on warrants dated March 22, 1793, sur- veyed in September, 1794, and on warrants of February 3, 1794, surveyed April, 1794. The extreme western survey, on which Thomas Mc- Curdy lived for many years, was in the warran- tee name of John Dunlop, warrant dated INIarch 11, 1794, surveyed in a block May 17, 1794. There were, however, a few settlers in Hartley before the War of the Revolution, among whom were Philip Cole, John Shively, John Glover, John Wierbach and Philip Cole ; the last-named became the colonel of the militia regiment raised in the valley in 1776. At the time of the " big runaway," in 1778, he left the valley, and never returned ; in 1794 sold his land to Colonel Hartley. John Glover, in 1775, was assessed with five acres of cultivated land ; M'as born in Ireland in 1745; came to America in 1766 ; settled in 1772 on the place where his grandson, George Glover, now resides ; remained there until the time of the " big runaway," when he left the settlement and did not return until 1789. In 1804 he is taxed with one slave, and for many years was known under the sobriquet of " King of Buffiilo." He died in 1825, and was buried in the Laurelton grave- yard. His property is now owued by his grand- sons,— George, James and Robert V., — and has never, in the lapse of more than a century, been out of the hands of the Glover family. John Shively, who came from York County, owned the place where R. V. B. Lincoln now resides, and where an improvement had been made as early as 1754, and abandoned after the time of the Indian massacres of October, 1755. In 1775 he was assessed with nine acres of cleared land, two horses and two cows. He was living on his place there in 1781, and, whilst engaged in making hay in the meadow in the rear of the UNION COUNTY. 1381 house, he was captured and carried away by the Indians and was never heard of afterwards. His widow married Philip Mann, and occupied the place until 1804, when it was sold by Chris- tian and Frederick Shively, sons of the cap- tured man.' An early settlement must have been made on the place where Christian Schnure now resides, near the Dunker Church ; for it appears that George Kiester, the owner, died in 1795, and provided in his Mill for a school-house, which was built soon after ward. - The property remained in the Kiester family until about 1855, when it passed to Christian Schnure, who is a son-in-law of John Kiester, who died February 19, 1839. The father of William Reed died at his place below the mouth of White Deer Creek before 1778. In 1803 William Reed removed from there to what is now the J. P. Cronimiller farm, in West Buffalo, and from there to Hartley, on the farm now owned by William Cook. He farmed and hauled merchandise from Phil- adelphia to Pittsburgh. He died in 1846, aged eighty years. The east end of Penn's Valley Narrows was in early times considered an advantageous location, ' When Shively was captured, two daughters of John Wierbach, who lived ou the farm now owned by Daniel S. Smith, were also captured. Shively's and Wierbach's farms were not more than a mile apart. It was in (he afternoon when the savages made their de- scent upon the Wierbach cabin. All of the family, both males and females, were out in the field reaping, except the two girls. The savages captured the girls, set fire to the cabins, and departed. The ascending smoke from the burning dwelling was the first intimation that the reapers had of anything being wrong. In a few days one of the girls returned, having escaped from her captors. After the war was over, Wierbach having heard of the where- abouts of his other daughter, went after her, and found her the wife of an Indian, on the waters of the Allegheny ; but she had become so attached to the wild life of the savages that all the inducements that he could offer her to return were of no avail. She was never heard of afterwards. 2 The stove ih use in this school-house was a quadrangular box of cast iron, in which the fuel was put, and in the top one there was a hole from which the pipe conveyed the smoke some distance beyond the roof. This stove was a voracious consumer of wood, but a beneficent dispenser of heat. In his early boyhood the writer hereof has often wended his w.ay through the fields and over the snow-drifts to this old log school-house, which for many years went under the name of the Kiester school-house. being on the Reuben Haines' road, which as early as 1770, had been opened by him, from Northumberland through Penn's Valley. Michael Shirtz settled there on the Abigail Stockton survey, and in 1793 he had a grist and saw-mill at that point. In 1800 he sold the property to George Wilt, of Cumberland County, whose sons, Adam and George, refitted the mills and kept a hotel there. Henry Roush became the owner, built a distillery and for many years that was the most important point for business in the western part of the county. There was then no Laurelton and no store in the county west of Hartletou. The farmers found a ready market for their wheat, corn and rye at Roush's. The wheat was ground there into flour, the corn and rve were made into whiskey and the surplus of both not needed for home consumption was placed in barrels, hauled to a store-room on the banks of Penn's Creek, a short distance above the mouth of Laurel Run, and there kept until the time of the spring freshets, when it was loaded in arks and ran down to Port Deposit, and eventually to Baltimore. But the bustle and activity which once had its seat at the Narrows has long since been stilled. The construction of the canals up the Susquehanna and West Branch furnished better, cheaper and less dangerous means of transport- ing the produce to market ; and the erection of a mill at what is now called Laurelton took away the country custom from the Narrows Mill. In 1842 Roush failed in business and went West, the old mill and distillery were burned, and, although a new mill was built, it never did any business. While in the heyday of his prosperity, Henry Roush was elected a member of the Leg- islature of the State, in 1831. Thomas Frederick settled on the Thomas Paschall tract and built a saw-mill. In 1799 he built the largest bank-barn and stone dwell- ing-house in that section, and fabulous tales are yet told of the quantity of whiskey consumed in their erection. He sold to Ezekiel Jones in 1804. William Forster succeeded in 1831, and continued until his death, in 1853. George Tees then bought it, and it has since been divided into 1382 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. several pieces. The stone house is now owned by Samuel S. Smith. In 1792 Melchior Smith came to Hartley. In 1796 he owned " a chipped log house ;" in 1802 a saw-mill and hemp-mill on Laurel Run.' In 1797 Peter Fisher built a grist-mill on Penn's Creek, where he earlier had a saw-mill. John Williams, the son-in-law of Fisher, be- came the owner of it, and it next came to John Cummings, Sr., who built a distillery there. Martin Dreisbach bought it, and, in 1840, leased it to J. & M. Halfpenny, who built a wooden anue.^ to the distillery and placed therein the necessary machinery and commenced the manufacture of woolen goods, which they continued until 1851. In 1847 Mr. Dreisbach tore down the old mill and built the present mill. The work was done by Peter Fisher. Mark Halfpenny, in 1851, bought the Leonard Smith farm. Melchior Smith, his grandfather, in 1802, owned a saw and hemp- mill on Laurel Run. Mr. Halfpenny put up a building on the Smith place, and fitted it with machinery, and manufactured woolen goods until 1866, when it was burned. The owners rebuilt the woolen-mill under the firm-name of M. Halfpenny & Co. The business there was conducted next by Joseph D. Torrey and Sol. R. Dreisbach for several years. In 1864 Mr. Dreisbach sold it to Samuel Weidensaul, who opened a store, which from 1875 to 1881 was the site of the Laurel ton Station on the Lewisburgh and Tyrone Railroad. In 1875 Mr. Weidensaul sold to James H. Al- bright, who, in turn, sold it to H. D. Al ■ The hemp-mill was designed to separate the wood from the fibre of the hemp, and one part of the process consisted in having a large stone, about the size of an ordinary mile- stone, revolve in a circular box, on the bottom of which the hemp was placed, and the stone was made to revolve on the hemp and thus break the woody matter into small pieces, which were easily separable from the fibre. The cultivating of hemp was long ago abandoned, and all ves- tiges of the hemp-mill have been obliterated, except that some traces of the race that conveyed the water to the mill can still be seen in the woods now owned by William Schnure. The stone that, over eighty years ago, revolved its monotonous rounds in the heinp-iuill, now does duty as the pedestal to the monument erected to the memory of Michael Schnure, in the grave-yard of Laurelton. bright, the present owner. In 1875 an agricul- tural implement shop was built, now used by J. H. Albright. Laurelton Mill. — In 1839 Mr. George Broucher built a three-storied mill near Laurel Run, and called it the " Free Mill," but a toll of one-tenth or more was invariably exact- ed before the grist was returned. This Free Mill became the nucleus around which a vil- lage soon began to cluster, which at first was called " Slabtown," but now rejoices in the more euphonious appellation of Laurelton. Mr. Broucher sold the mill, in 1857, to Samuel Shrack, who, in 1867, sold it to Charles H. Shriner, and he sold one-half, in 1868, to Wil- liam Swenk, and, in 1873, the other half to R. V. B. Lincoln, who, in 1875, became the sole owner by buying the interest of William Swenk. Berlin Iron- Works. — A man named John Kiester was the first settler and made the first improvement on the south side of Penn's Creek, at the place now and for many years known as the Berlin Iron-Works. In the assessment of 1814 he was assessed with a tract of land and a saw-mill. In 1827 David Beaver was assessed with the same property, and the next year with a forge and saw-mill tjiereon. In 1829 it was owned by Brooke & Co., who leased it to Joseph Evans, John Cummings, Jr., and others. About 1832 the furnace went out of blast. The forge was kept in operation, first by Alexander Robertson. John C. Wilson, from Chester County, came next and ran the forge until, in 1 844, Wilson, Green & Mitchell leased it, rebuilt the old stack of 1829, put in hot-blast pipes and run the forge and furnace for a couple of years, when the firm was changed to Mitchell & Gra- ham. The business was carried by several different firms until January, 1849. Between 1832 and 1844, when the forge was in operation and the furnace left to tumble down, the pig-metal used by the forge in the manufacture of blooms and bar iron M'as hauled in wagons from Centre Furnace, or from Hecla and Washington Fur- naces, in Nittany Valley, and the products of the forge were, in turn, hauled to Lewisburgh UNION COUNTY. 1383 and shipped by canal to an Eastern market. At that time bar-iron sold at one hundred dollars per ton, and a large portion of it was used in the valley, the rolled iron being then thought to be inferior in quality to the hammered. After the works had been idle a year or more they were leased to Church, Rooke & Co., of Chester County, who ran them for a few years. In 1850 Jackson Brothers and Crispin, of Ber- wick, bought the property from John Church, who had become the owner, put up new buildings, put in a steam-engine and manufactured pig- iron till 1883. Saw-Mills. — At an early period in the his- tory of Hartley township the lumbering interest was probably the most important next to agri- culture. The following-named persons had saw- mills, viz. : John Forster, Ezekiel Jones, John Kiester, Henry Kiester, Peter Miller, Henry Roush, James Cook, Leonard Smith, Jacob Weiker, John Williams and Robert Wiley. The Ezekiel Jones, Henry Kiester, Leonard Smith and Robert Wiley saw-mills still have successors on the original sites ; all the rest have disap- peared in the progress of time. A few years later there were the following additional saw- mills on Penn's Creek : John Brown's, Ludwig Dorman's, Elias Tees's, David Hunsecker's, Michael Galer's and Abraham Hendricks'. Not one of these is now in existence. The next most important branch of business was the distilling of whiskey. This article was in daily use by nearly all the male inhabitants. It was supposed to flirnish the motive-power in all undertakings that required severe physical exertion. A harvest could not be cut or housed, a log cabin raised or an ark turned without its invigorating influence. At all public gather- ing, such as vendues, militia musters, elections, etc., it was freely used and its exhilarating in- fluence found vent in the fights which were common on such occasions. The distillery also furnished a market for the surplus rye and corn of the community, which was sent to market in the more concentrated form of whiskey at a comparatively small expense. As late as 1829 there were twelve distilleries in operation in the township. The fires of all these distilleries have been extinguished nearly half a century ago. The sites of many of them are known only by tradition. A carding and fulling-mill was in existence for a series of years on Laurel Run, some dis- tance south of the W. E. Smith &Co. foundry ; it was last owned by Samuel Weiker, who, about 184.3 or 1844, quit the business. Henry Kiester, on the south side of Penn's Creek, for many years had carried on an oil- mill. His first oil-mill and saw-mill were up near the gap in Jack's Mountain, by which a road was laid out in 1824. In 1828 a I'oad was laid out connecting with this one in the gap at Kiester's. The county bridge, erected in 1832, was blown down in 1837, and rebuilt the same year. The bridge across Penn's Creek, near Bowersox's, was built 1857. Kiester subsequently removed his saw-mill and oil-mill from the gap in Jack's Mountain to Penn's Creek, and the oil-mill was kept until 1843; the then owner, Samuel Kiester died, and the oil-mill along with him. The saw-mill is owned by J. H. Albright. LAURELTON. At the point where the 2>ublic road from Hartleton to the upper end of the valley crosses Laurel Run there were several small buildings in 1811. Robert Spear, a weaver, then lived in a cabin covered with boards and slabs. Cal- vin Preston, a millwright, lived in a cabin on the east side of the run. James Diveu, a weaver, lived on the west side of the run. John Gerry lived near by. iV blacksmith-shop and house were built on land owned now by Amos Fauver, a gunsmith-shop on the place now oc- cupied by Daniel Weidensaul. To these a slab-covered school-house was soon added, and also a log church or meeting-house on the hill, east of the run. Henry Schnure put up a house and shop on what is now a part of the mill j)rop- perty, where he had a turning-lathe, which was run by water, and where he made bedsteads, tables, etc. In 1839 George Braucher built the brick mill just across the run, and a little north of theoldlog meeting-house. A year or two after, a new brick church having in the mean time been built, W. Braucher purchased the old church, removed and rebuilt it near the cross-roads and 1384 JUNIATA AND StTSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. at the same time built a house on the corner of said roads, and rented the whole concern to D. B. Kerst, who came from Berks County and opened a store there in 1843. Quite a lively little village has now come into existence at the cross-roads, consisting of about fifty dwellings, two blacksmith-shops, a saddler's shop, two foundries, a shoemaker's shop, one flouring-raill, two stores that deal in general merchandise, one drug-store, school-house, a Lutheran and a Re- formed Church. It has a physician, a saw-mill, shingle-mill and planing-mill. A few years before 1857 Samuel Weiker, who owned a couple of acres of ground in what is now the central part of the village, had laid it out in lots, and called his town-plot " Weikerville," but the name never came into use. The name Eagleville was also tried, and would not go, and the village was spoken of either as " Slabtown " or " Laurel Run." The name liaurelton was given to the post-office established there in 1857. The name was suggested by H. W. Crotzer, who was then the postmaster at Lewisburgh. Samuel Weidensaul was the first postmaster, and Daniel Weiden his deputy. The mail was then carried in a two-horse stage, through Hartletoa and the Narrows, over the turnpike, promptly and regularly. Ac- cordingly, upon the incoming of the adminis- tration of President Lincoln, in March, 1861, Mark Halfpenny was appointed postmaster, and the next year the Laurelton post-office was put upon the regular mail-route from Lewis- burgh to Spruce Creek. In 1866 Mr. John Diehl was appointed the postmaster, and re- mained such until 1877, when the stage ceased running, and the post-office was again brought back to the village proper, and C. E. Hans ap- pointed postmaster. He remained until 1882, and was superseded by Daniel R. Smith, who is still in office. A post-office was established, in 1876, at a small hamlet and flag-station near the mouth of Weiker Run, and called Weikert. John L. Goodlander was postmaster, who is still in office. In 1877 another was established at Cherry Run, called Cherry Run post-office. William Johnson, Jr., is postmaster. Still another was established near the Berlin Iron Works, called Glen Iron. John T. Church was appointed postmaster in 1883. These three last-named post-offices are all in territory which, previous to 1877, was subsidiary to the Laurelton post- office. The Laurelton post-office is a money- order office. Schools. — The early educational advantages enjoyed by the people of this township, inclu- ding Lewis and the borough of Hartleton, did not differ materially from the genei-al descrip- tion of the early schools, already given. Ac- cording to tradition, the first school taught in the township was about 1795, in a school-house near Laurel Run, on ground which formerly belonged to the farm owned by Melchior Smith, Sr. Among those who received instruction were General Abbott Green, John Glover, Esq., Enoch Fry, Leonard Smith and INIelchior Smith, Jr. Tradition also tells that, about the year 1805, Abel Owen taught a school in his own house, a short distance below where the bridge across Penn's Creek, at the Berlin Iron Works, spans the creek. Among those who came here for instruction were James Reed, John Reed and Elizabeth Reed, children of William Reed, who had settled a few years before on the place now owned by William Cook. A few years later a school was taught in a house near where John F. Catherman now lives ; the teacher's name was John Heath. About this time the school-house was built, according to the directions in the will of George Kiester, on the lot still occupied for school purposes, near the Duukard 'Church. About 1832 the old house was superseded by a substantial frame house, weather-boarded and painted white, which long continued to be known as the " white school-house." The first teacher in the loe; school-house at Keister's was a man named Frederick Gettig, said to have been a good teacher, but immoderately fond of fire- water. Henry Hendricks, John C. Coverly, a Mr. Bochtekarch and a man by the name of Bee- maker were some of the earlier teachers at this place. Mr. Coverly also taught in Mifflinburg and other places in the valley. The first school-house on the ground now covered by Laurelton was where the house of Levi Mercer now stands. After the house on UNION COUNTY. 1385 the hill near the church was built, the former ceased to be used as a school-house. This house near the church continued to be used for school purposes until it was superseded by a better one, on the same lot, upon the adoption of the com- mon school system. There was also a school- house at HartletoD, of the old type in its interior arrangements, but it was lathed and plastered on the outside. There had, however, been in former years another school-house on the same lot. It was built of round logs, with the bark on, and was covered with boards and slabs, and had slab seats. Its successor, Mdiich was plas- tered, was considered very grand. At the period of which we are writing, these three school-houses — -viz.: at Kiester's, Laurel- ton and Hartleton — were the only ones within the broad limits of Hartley township. At a later period, but prior to the adoption by the j)eople of the common school law, other houses were erected by subscriptions taken in their re- spective neighborhoods, viz.: one on land of John Brown (now Bowersox), where there is still a school-house ; one near to where the present school-house stands, along the Penn's Creek road,' on land then belonging to Robert Shippen ; one on the turnpike below Hartleton, on Reish's land ; one on the north side of the turnjjike, west of Hartman's, and on the site now occupied by the school-house removed from Laurelton in 1884 ; one near Swengle Station, which still remains, and retains its old appella- tion of the " brick school-house." All of these houses, except the last-named, were built of hewn logs, and have long since been demolish- ed. Among the teachers who taught in these houses were John Highly, McLaughlin, Hart, William Robeson, Weiser, Breyfogle, Cunningham, Joseph Gadding, Joel Hamor (who subsequently taught in MifSinburg), Charles Mann, William Ged- des, Daniel Mizeuer, now, and for many years, a minister of the Methodist Church. Free Schools. — The amendment of 1836 to the school law required a vote to be taken annually in non-accepting school districts, upon tlie question of schools or no schools ; and the vote of the township was uniformly for no schools, until the spring of 1842, when schools carried the daj'^ l)y a small majority. On the 2d day of April, a.d. 1842, the first school board of Hartley township met, organized and made arrangements for building additional school- houses and putting the " free " schools into op- eration. That first board consisted of Solomon Knauss, Melchior Smith, John Spigelmyer, Henry Roush, Alexander B. Cummiugs and John Smith, the last of whom is still living. The board bought the "white" and "brick" school-houses, which were the only ones worthy of the name in the territory, and awarded con- tracts for the building of ten new .school-houses, as follows : Near John Brown's ; William Young, contractor ; cost, $187.50. Near Berlin Iron- Works ; G, & H, Roush, contrac- tors ; cost, .1^188. West Hartleton ; William Young, contractor ; cost, $190. East Hartleton, Elias Tees, contractor ; cost, $180. On pike west of John Diehl's ; G. & H. Roush, contractors ; cost, $184. Upper End, now " Tight End ;" G. & H. Roush, contractors ; cost, $188. Near Orwig's mill ; Elias Tees, contractor; cost, $188. On Penn's Creek, near Boop's; Eli.is Tees, con- tractor ; cost, $165. Laurel Run, now Laui'olton ; Elias Tees, contrac- tor; cost, $190. On turnpike near Reish's ; Elias Tees, contractor ; cost, $190. Of these ten houses built in 1842, only three are in existence, viz. : the one in " Tight End " and the one " on Penn's Creek, near Boop's," both of which, after having been remodeled, are still used, and the third one, "on the turnpike, west of John Diehl's," which is owned by the Evangelical Association, and is used as a place for religious worship. At a meeting of the school directors, held December 10, 1842, on examination for teach- ers, certificates were granted to Daniel C. Wilt, Henry W. Crotzer, Jacob Weirich, Richard V. B. Lincoln, Christian Breyman, James Mad- den and William Geddes. All of the above-named applicants for schools were employed, along with others em- ployed at a subsequent meeting, whose names do not appear on the minutes. At the end of the 1386 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. iirst year of operations under the common-school system (1842) we find the following statistics : Whole number of schools, 12 ; whole number of months taught, 3 ; whole number of pupils, 480 ; re- ceived from State appropriation, $2884.56; received from collector of school tax, 8275.34; cost of school houses, $2250.12. The school tax levied for 1842 was $292.19 ; the school tax levied for 1843, $330.68 ; the school tax levied for 1844, $364.50. Various supplements to the original school law of 1834 provided that all undrawn ap- propriatioDS due to the several districts should remain in the treasury of the State and accu- mulate for the use of the district entitled to the same, for a certain specified time, which time was extended by joint resolution of the Legis- lature from time to time. It thus came to pass that when Hartley adopted the common-school system she drew from the State treasury a sum of money more than sufficient to pay for the twelve school-houses erected. In 1843 the school tax of Hartley, which then included Lewis and Hartleton, amounted to the paltry sum of $330.68. In 1883, forty years after- wards, the school tax of Hartley alone (Hartle- ton and Lewis being each a separate school district and having a school tax of their own) amounted to $1650.96, with an additional tax for building of $607.96. In 1854 an additional school-house was built near Halfpenny's factory, to relieve the over- crowded school at Laurelton, and to better accommodate the large number of children at the factory. In 1866 the factory was burned and not rebuilt, but the house continued to be used for school pui'poses until, in 1 884, a new school-house was erected in the village of Laur- elton, with two school-rooms, into one of which all the pupils of the township of a certain grade of scholarship are entitled to admission. The old Laurelton school-house was removed to the turnpike, rebuilt and remodeled, and the house at Bower's abandoned and .sold. When Lewis township was taken from Hart- ley, in 1857, the line between the two townships was run through the middle of what was called Brown's school-house, thus leaving the .school in both townships. For ten years, until 1867, the school at that house was supported by both townships. In 1867 the board of Hartley sur- rendered to the Lewis board all control of the school-house and built a new house on the Penn's Creek road, immediately west of the line of R. V. B. Lincoln's farm. In 1858 the borough of Hartleton was separated from the township and became an independent school district, with two schools, to which a large number of the pupils of Hartley were sent, the township paying to the borough the cost of their instruction. This ar- rangement proved unsatisfactory, and a remedy was found in the erection of a new school-house near Henry Vanatta's, called " Pine Grove." This house was built in 1866. There are now in the township seven school-houses, one ot them a fine brick building, with two school- rooms, the others of wood, weather-boarded and painted and all in good condition. R. V. B. Lincoln, Esq., is the Nestor among school directors, being now in the twenty-fourth year of his service in that capacity, but not for that number of years consecutively. During the school year ending on the first Monday ot June, 1885, there were four hundred and thii-- teen pupils instructed in the eight schools of the township. A benevolent citizen of Hartley, named John Brown, who died in 1846, the owner of a small farm (the one now owned by Abraham Bower- sox), and who had no lineal heirs, in his last will and testament made the following beque.st : " I give and bequeath the one-fourth of my estate for the benefit of the school-house on the east line of my farm, commonly called Brown's school-house ; the said one-fourth of my estate shall remain a lien on my estate for the term of twenty years, during which time the interest shall be paid to the trustees of said school- house, who shall apply the same in a Christian- like manner. At the expiration of said twenty years the principal shall be paid to the then trustees, who shall apply the same to church or school purposes wherever the majority of the school district shall choose." Atler several years of delay, on account of there being no person legally authorized to receive the annual interest on the above-mentioned bequest, an act of Assembly was passed authorizing the Court of Conunon Pleas of Union County to appoint a trustee to receive and apply the bequest. UNION COUNTY. 1387 In pursuance of authority, the court in 1859, appointed Richard V. B. Lincohi the trustee, and with the interest of the bequest the trustee had three months of summer school taught annually at the school-house, in addition to the regular term of the public school. A few years after the bequest became available, and while the school at Brown's was supported jointly by the two townships of Hartley and Lewis, an application was made to the court by citizens of the two townships residing in the territory contiguous to the school-house to form an in- dependent school district at that place. The court appointed viewers, who examined the circumstances of the case, and reported unani- mously in favor of the erection of the proposed independent school district of Brown. But the people of those portions of the townships outside of the proposed district protested, and the court refused to confirm the report of the viewers. At the expiration of the twenty years mentioned in the will of Brown, and when the principal of the bequest had become due, a meeting of those entitled to vote on the question was held, and they all, ^\ith the exception of four, voted that the money should be applied to church purposes ; and at another meeting held subsequently the majority voted it for an Evangelical Church at Millmont. The money was paid by the trustee of the fund to the proper church authorities, and formed the nucleus of the fund from which the neat little brick church at Millmont was built. Thus the money bequeathed by John Brown " for the benefit of the school-house on the east line of his farm " has been lost for educational purposes, and with its loss the intended bene- factions of the benevolent testator will soon be forgotten. Religious. The early settlers mostly came from places where religious worship had re- ceived a due share of attention, and it is fair to presume that in their new homes the pioneers would not entirely forget their religious duties. A church was built in 1814 on the hill east of Laurel Run near the spot on which the Lutheran Church now stands. This structure was built of logs, " chinked and daubed," with a small log stable adjacent in which to feed and shelter the parson's horse. The land was do- nated by John Glover, Sr., for the use of all Protestant denominations ; but no deed had been given ; so, when the old church was alian- donal and a new church was about to be built, John Glover, Esq., who then owned the land, made a deed for it to the Lutheran and Re- formed congregations, by whose efforts the new structure was being built. In 1842 the second church was built, and dedicated October 29, 1842. It was a two-storied brick building, with galleries around three sides, and an eleva- ted pulpit in which the preacher was perched, according to the style then in vogue. The Rev- erend J. H. Fries was the first pastor of the Reformed congregation ; he served them for a number of years, and was succeeded by Bass- ler, Harman, Ephraim Kieffer, John C. Bucher, Weisz, Rittenhouse and George E. Addams. During the pastorate of Mr. Addams the Re- formed congregation bought a lot of Mr. Bery- mau and built a neat little wooden church thereon, which was dedicated in the fall of 1875. ^Ir. A. C. Whitmer succeeded Mr. Addams in the pastorate, and still continues to administer to the spiritual wants of the congre- gation. The Reformed congregation at Laurel- ton, has usually, if. not always been served by the pastor resident at Mifflinburg. LrxHEEAX — J. G. Heim was the first shepherd of the Lutheran' flock ; he was succeeded by J. G. Anspach, who served them from 1831 to 1840 ; succeeded by J. P. Shindel, M. J. Alle- mau, Fred. Ruthrauif, Daniel Klose, Sahm, W. C. McCool, Charles Schnure, M. L. Furst and Finkle, the present pastor. During the pastorate of Mr. McCool the Lutheran con- gregation bought the interest of the Reformed congregation in the old brick building, tore it down and built the present brick structure; this was done in the year 1876. Presbyterian — In 1832 a Presbyterian con- gregation was organized in the old log church at Laurel Run, with Nathaniel Todd as pastor. Mr. Todd at the same time taught in the Mif- flinburg Academy, and upon his quitting that business, and consequently removing from the valley, the congregation was without a preacher, and his place was never supplied. In 1842 G. 1388 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. W. Thompson, of New Berlin, preached at several points in the township, as Lanrel Run, White School-house, etc., and organized a con- gregation at Hartleton, which has had a con- tinued existence since that time. Methodist. — Occasionally the Methodist cir- cuit-i'iders of Northumberland Circuit, on their way to or from Penn's Valley, would preach at Hartleton in the old school-house, but there does not appear to have been any regular preaching by the Methodists at any other point in the town- ship until about 1834 or 1835, when Henry Tarring, who was then preacher in charge on the Northumberland Circuit of the Baltimore Conference, commenced preaching at the White School-house, and formed a small class there, of which William Reed and wife, Benjamin Good- lander and wife and John Lincoln and wife were members. The Methodist itinerants of the Northumberland Circuit continued to preach at that place and also at a school-house which stood on the Penn's Creek road, below the fur- nace, until, in 1852, a piece of land was donated by John Lincoln and wife, on which a Metho- dist Church was erected, the same year, called Lincoln Chapel. There is also a burying- ground on the church property. Evangelical Association. — The first preaching by the ministers of the Evangelical Association was done in the school-houses, and sometimes in private houses. In 1866 the school-house on the turnpike west of John Diehl's was bought by members of the Evangelical Association, and has ever since been used as a preaching-place by the preachers of that associ- ation. In 1880 a church was built in "Tight End," on land of Andrew Hyronimus, along the public road, which is a union chui'cii and free for the use of all Protestant denominations, but has thus far been used almost exclusively by the Evangelicals. The Duukards also have a meeting-h(Hise near tlie old Kiester school-house and grave- yard, built in 1863 on land of John Showalter. Early Settlers. — Many of the early set- tlers were tenants of Hartley, Maclay, Ship- pen and others who owned large bodies of land in the townships, but did not reside therein themselves, and many removed long ago to the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi. Of others nothing definite is known as to the place of their abode and subsequent history, and no men- tion of their names will be made in these notes. Hugh Beatty lived north of Hartleton, where John Boyer has been living for many years. George Boop lived on the farm now owned by Benjamin Fry. He had a large family of sons and daughters (sixteen), some of whom moved to the West, and several of his sons and a legion of his grandchildren now constitute a part of the population of Hartley. John Boyer lived where Jacob Boop now lives; he moved West over fifty years ago. Christian Braucher came from North- ampton County (now Lehigh) in 1810, and purchased the property that had been Wier- bach's at the time of the Revolution. He died there in 1842, aged eighty-four years, and left two sons, Jacob and George. The latter died in 1874 on the place where his father had set- ■ tied, leaving sons, — John, David C. and Sam- uel E., all of whom are living in the townships and are successful farmers. He also left three daughters, — Polly, married to John Knerr, living near Laurelton ; Abigail, married to Daniel S. Smith, living on the old homestead ; and an older daughter, married to Henry Hotf- man, who, a few years ago, removed to Michigan. Jacob Braucher died in 1870, in his eighty- sixth year, M'ithout posterity. John Brown came, in 1785, and lived on the farm now Bowersox's, on Penn's Creek, where lie died in his seventy-second year. He is buried in the cemetery at Laurelton. He left a son John, who died in 1846, in his sixty-first year, without posterity. Brown's school was named after him. George Catherman owned the major part of the farm now Halfpenny's. The place where his cabin stood has for many years been plowed over ; a couple of old apple-trees still stand to point out its position. , He left a large family ; many of his posterity still reside in the county. Jacob Catherman, a brother of George, lived where William Swengle now lives, and built the stone house still standing there. Ife had a large family and his descendants are almost like the sands of the sea in number. UNION COUNTY. 1389 William Caldwell was the owner of the farm which (liiriii": the lievolution belonged to John Shively, who was captured by the Indians and never heard of afterwards. In 1813 he sold it to John Fisher. This is the place where R. V. i B. Lincoln, Esq., has resided for the last forty years. George Coryell was a tenant on land of INIa- clay's ; he was a native of New Jersey and had served in the Revolutionary army until near the end of the war. He was a brother-iu-law of Richard Van Boskirk, of Mifflinburg, and came to Buffalo Valley in 1793. He was ad- jutant of Colonel George Weirich's regiment in 1814. He was a carpenter by trade and built many houses and barns in Buffalo Valley. He made frequent removals from one place to an- other, and died in Western Pennsylvania about 1838. John B. Coryell, Esq., of Williamsport, is one of his grandsons. Joha Cojjeland was a laborer who lived in one of the cabins of what was then called " Slabtown." Philip Dale owned a large farm, on which was erected the first brick house in the town- ship ; he was a son of Christian Dale, who was one of the first settlers and prominent citizens of College township. Centre County. His farm has been divided into four farms, now owned by Henry Dorman, H. E. Smith, S. C. Shirk and S. E. Braucber. In 1792 William Douglass was a tenant of Colonel Hartley's, afterward of jNIaclay's ; he moved West after the close of the War of 1812. James Divens, a weaver, lived near Laurel Run Church and sundiy other places in that neighborhood. His posterity in the female line are still resident in the county. Francis Douglass was an eccentric character small lot of Scottish descent, who lived on a near the mountain, now Mook's. Ludwig Dorman owned the farm, now Cor- nelius Kaler's, on the south side of Penn's Creek, opposite to R. V. B. Lincoln's. His grandchildren, David, Henry and Samuel Dor- mau, are residents and land-owners of Hartley ; other descendants of his are scattered through Union, Centre and Clinton Counties. John Fisher lived on the farm immediately west of Lincoln. He also had a distillery on his farm, the remains of which are still visible. He owned the three farms now owned by R. V. B. Lincoln. He was an enterprising man, and ran arks down the creek and river to Baltimore, laden with flour, grain, whiskey and other pro- ductions of the country. His ventures in this line were not attended with success. He lost several whole cargoes of pi'oduce, which so crip- pled his resources that he was eventually forced to dispose of his landed estate. He removed to Illinois about 1838. Peter Fisher was the father of John Fisher ; he built the first mill near the mouth of Laurel Run, on the bank of Penn's Creek, in 1797 (now Albright's). John Forster lived north of the turnpike, near the mountain, where he had a small saw- mill, all vestiges of which have long ago dis- appeared. He was a son of Major Thomas Forster, of the Revolution. Jacob Frederick was a tenant on Lawyer Hall's farm, now and for many years owned by William Young. The Fredericks living north- west of Hartleton are his grandsons and great- graudsons. Enoch Fry was an Irishman; he lived up the valley, near the present home of John F. Cather- mau. He owned the property now belonging to the children of Robert i\Iiller, deceased. He, with all his family, moved West. John Gerry was a tailor, who lived at Slab- town. Adam Getgen lived on the place after- wards known as John Fillman's, now Joseph Sanders'. John Glover, Sr., was one of the first settlers in the township ; he was born in Ireland in 1745; came to America in 1766; settled in Hartley in 1772 ; lived there with his wife and children, enduring the privations of pioneer life, until the time of the big runaway in 1778, when he lefl and did not return until 1789. He died in 1825; is buried in the Laurelton grave-yard. In 1804 he was taxed with one slave. John Glover, Jr., son of John Glover, was born near Winchester, Va., in 1 782. He succeeded his father in the ownership of the farm. In 1822 he was appointed by Governor Heister a justice of the peace, and served in that 1390 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHAXNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. capacity until the Constitution of 1838 removed him. He was in 1839 elected register and re- corder for Union County. He died in 1862, aged eighty years. His children were sons, — Andrew, William, John, George, Thomas, Robert V. and James ; and one daughter, Sophia, marrietl to Dr. Uriah Reed, of Jersey Shore, Pa. Of his sous, Andrew was appointed justice ofthe peace by Governor Ritner, in 1837. William was sheriff of Union County from 1837 to 1840; subsequently removed to Illinois, and there died in 1754. John lives on a small farm near Hartleton. Thomas went West; married there and died in Wisconsin. George became the owner of the old Glover home and part of the land, where he died in 1885. Robert V. has been engaged in the mercantile business at Hartleton for the last forty years, and James lives near Laurelton, on a part ofthe original Glover farm. Abbot Green was the youngest son of Captain Joseph Green, who was a settler in the valley prior to the Revolution, and a prominent citizen in those stormy times ; at the time of his death be was living at a saw-mill on the south side of Penn's Creek, near the mouth of Weiker Run. Here young Green grew to manhood, with very meagre educational advantages, in the spring of the year running arks and rafts down the creek and river. In 1814 he was keeping a store in Hartleton. He subsequently removed to Lewisburgh and took contracts upon the public works then being constructed by the State. Among other works he built the dam across the Susquehanna River at Clark's Ferry, which for a long time went by the name of Green's Dam. In 1839 he was elected major-general of the Eighth Division of the Pennsylvania militia. He died in 1851, aged sixty -eight years. His sons were Joseph, Dr. G. W., Robert B. and John A. The first thiee erected the furnace in White Deer township called Forest Iron- Works, afterwards known as Kaulfman's. Of General Green's two daughters, the elder was married to Hon. John Walls, of Lewisburgh, the younger to John Guyer, an eminent preacher in the Methodist Church. Benjamin Gundy lived where Henry Stitzer now lives; the tract was a large one, embracing the Middleswarth farm and others and was the property of a non-resident owner, an English- man. George Gwynn's place now constitutes a part of the farm of Adam Musser ; the buildings were back of the buildings on the Musser place ; they have long ago been demolished. Martin Heise was an early settler ; he lived on the south side of Penn's CrecK, nearly oppo- site to Lincoln's ; he died at a great age, some- where in the nineties. Solomon Heise lived a little east of Knauer's mill, on the road to New Berlin, where the farm buildings of George P. Ruhl now stand. He went back to Lancaster County, from which he originally came. The Hendrickses all lived in the upper end of the valley (" Tight End ") ; they were lumber- men and raftsmen. Ezekiel Jones, in 1804, bought out Thomas Frederick, whose name appears upon the assess- ment roll in 1782. The Frederick place was one of the earliest settlements west of Laurel Run. Jones was succeeded by William Forster about 1831. Forster lived there until his death, in 1853. Mrs. Mark Halfpenny, of Lewisburgh, Mrs. Dr. Seebold, of Hartleton, and Mrs. William (Judge) Whitmer, of Sunbury, were daughters of William Forster. William Forster, who still lives near the State College in Centre County, is his oldest son. His second son. Captain R. M. Foreter, of the One Hundred and Forty- eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteei's, lost his life in the battle of Gettysburg. Peter Kauffman lived where his great-grand- son Sanders now lives, in Lewis township. Levi Jones lived on Shippen's lands. These lands extended along Penn's Creek from a short distance above Berlin Iron- Works to Thomas' saw-mill, a distance of nearly three miles. The farms of George Boop, Lewis Badger, Josiah Boop (deceased), Harrison Bingman, Daniel Horner, with other smaller lots, have all been taken from the Shippen domain. Henry Kiester lived on the south side of Penn's Creek, opposite to Albright's mill. After some years he removed his mills to Penn's Creek, where the water-power was at all times UNION COUNTY. 1391 abundant. His descendants are numerous and still cling with the tenacity of life to the nar- row strip of rugged land between Penu's Creek and Jack's Mountain. John Kiester (blacksmith) was a descendant of George Kiester. His farm is now owned by his son-in-law, Christian Schnure. John Kiester (P. C.) was the owner of the place now known as the Berlin Iron-Works, where he had settled in 1792 and had a saw- mill aiid some land cleared and under cultiva- tion. Peter Klingaman lived in the northern part of Lewis township in the neighborhood of where his descendants of the third and fourth generations still reside. George Kleckner owned a few acres of land on Thorn Run, on the road leading from Lin- coln Chapel to the Penn's Creek road. Some of his posterity still reside in the county. William Kleckner was a brother of George and owned the place now owned byC. H. Has- senplug ; his descendants still reside in the county. Abraham Kleckner, Isaac Kleckner and John Kleckner were brothers of George and AVilliam, above-named, but no relatives of the Kleckners who settled on the Captain Irvine tract, near Mifflinburg. Baltzer Klinesmith lived on the east end of Paddy's Mountain, about one and a half miles from Laui-elton ; he w-as the son of the Baltzer Klinesmith who was killed by Indians in 1780, and the brother of the two Klinesmith girls who were taken prisoners at the time of the murder of their father. The buildings where Klinesmith lived have been allowed to tumble down and none have been erected in their stead. The land is owned by Mrs. J. N. Pontius. James Madden and Joseph Madden were brothers, who resided in Hartleton. The former was, in 1817, appointed postmaster there, and in 1826 and 1827 elected member of the Legis- lature of Pennsylvania, in 1831 was appointed a justice of the peace, and in 1846 deputy sur- veyor of the county. He died in Hartleton in 1855. James McCally was a tenant farmer, who, in later years, lived for a long time on the Maclay farm in Buffalo township, then owned by Gen- eral Abbot Green. Joseph Miller, Sr., owned the land now con- stituting the farm of Frank Charles and the eastern iarm of James Glover. John Miller, Joseph Miller, Jacob Miller and Henry Miller were his sons. Jacob and John left the valley about 1842. Joseph and Henry continued to reside in the to\vnship until their deaths. Joseph died in 1867, aged seventy-six years, and Henry died in 1874, aged eight}' years. Thomas Miller was a wagon-maker M'ho lived in Hartleton. He was celebrated as a bear hunter. The front of his shop was ornamented or disfigured by a row of bears' paws nailed against the wall, extending across the entire front, — the trophies of his success as a bear hunter. Peter Miller was the son of Sebastian Miller, who moved on Hartley's land, near Swengle, in 1703. He had a saw-mill on the south side of Penn's Creek, where he lived many years. He died in 1872, in his ninety-second year. Andrew Miller, of Lewis township, is one of his sons. Jonas Miller, a brother of Peter, lived on land now owned by his son-in-law, John Showalter. The old buildings have all been demolished and new ones erected on an adjoin- ing property. He died from injuries received from an enraged animal which had been wounded in an attempt to slaughter it for beef. Of his sons, S. S. Miller and Jonas T. Miller reside in Laurelton. The place assessed in the name of John Orwig is the place now owned by Daniel Knauss. The place asse.ssed in the name of Thomas Pawley is the place now owned by Aaron Has- singer, formerly owned by Christopher Reif. While Reif was the owner he erected a foundry and other shops for the manufacture of a clover- hulling machine of his own invention. Mr. Reif sold his property after the War of the Re- bellion was over, and removed to Tennessee. Conrad Paul was, in his day, the boss car- penter of the settlement ; nearly all the good barns built in his day were constructed by him. At the time of his death he owned the lot near to the Brown school- house, now owned by George Catherman, blacksmith. 1392 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Michael Peters came from Lancaster County prior to 1796, and bought a large slice of the Hartley lands. His mansion was situated along the public road and turnpike, being the first house west of Hartleton. His purchase em- braced the Whitmer farm, the Elias Orwig fiirm, lots of R. V. Glover, the farm of Daniel Long and part of the farms of H. E. Smith and Henry Dorinan. He started a tannery on his farm, and for a series of years continued the manufacture of leather. The abandoned tan- nery has been turned into a dwelling, and is the home of John B. Smith. Mr. Peters had one son and two daughters. His son, also named Michael, after the death of his father, became the owner of the greater part of his father's land, and, after some years of a free-and-easy life, sold the property and removed to the neighborhood of Bellevue, Ohio, where he died. Of his daughters, the oldest married John Wilt, and after his death she married Cornelius Pell- man ; the younger was the first wife of Daniel Beckley, ex-sheriff and prothonotary of North- umberland County. Calvin Preston was a millwright M'ho lived at different points in the township, but mostly in the neighborhood of Laurel Run. He had a son Luther, who followed the same avocation that his father did, and assisted in building the mill at Laurelton, in 1839, and soon afterward went West. Peter Rote was a son of George Rote, who lived on the land now occupied by the lower end of Mifflinburg. Peter was the father of Captain John Rote, who lived in the upper end of the valley, and was a successful farmer. The captain had a terrible hatred of Indians, and the sight of one invariably aroused his ire. His uncle and aunt had been captured by Indians at Mifflinburg, but in course of time got back to their home. On one occasion, while attending a show in which some real Indians were per- forming, he was with difficulty kept from en- tering the arena and engaging in a conflict with them. He died, leaving a large family of child- ren, some of wiiom, and their descendants, are at the ])reseiit time residing in various parts of the county. Henry Roush lived at the Penn's Valley Narrows, and had a tavern, mill and distillery there (see Hartley township). Henry Royer lived where Abraham Hufnagle now lives, and at other places in the to\vnship, and spent the evening of his life in Hartleton. Mrs. George Dale, Mrs. Samuel Hartman and Mrs. Jesse Williams are his daughters. John Shively was one of the sons of Christian Shively, who settled near White Springs, in Limestone township, before the Revolution. He lived on the farm now belonging to Jacob Klose, along Penn's Creek, in Lewis township. Henry Shoup had a carding and fulling-mill, distillery, etc. This is the place afterwards known as Huntington's. All vestiges of the distillery have long since disappeared ; the card- ing and fulling-mill has been abandoned, the dwelling-house burned down by accident and not rebuilt, and the old log barn is fast crumb- ling away. John Thomas kept a store and tavern in Hartleton, where Daniel Long now lives. George Weikert owned the farm afterwards known as Goodlander's ; he sold out and moved to Ohio ; his name is perpetuated in Weiker Run and the post-office of Weikert. Jacob Weiker was a brother of George ; he lived across the creek from George's, at the saw-mill formerly Green's, more lately Mars- ton's. John Wilson was the son of Peter Wilson and Jane Gilbreth, who removed from Yoi-k County into Buffalo Valley before the Revolu- tion, and retired with the great runaway of 1778. In the assessment of 1775 he is assessed with thirty acres of land cleared, two horses and two cows. He returned after the war, aud John married Nancy Forster, a daughter of Cap- tain John Forster, of Buffalo township. They lived for some years ou the old Hayes farm (of late Strickler's), about two miles west of Mifflin- burg, and afterwards moved upon Hartley's land, and thence, about 1815, to Hartleton. He was commissioned a justice of the peace in 1813, by Governor Simon Snyder. He died in 1836, aged seventy years. His wife died in 1852, aged eighty-five. Their children were Jane, married to Johu Ray, the first sheriff of Union County; James, died in Philadelphia; John F., UNION COUNT?. 1393 for a long time a leading citizen of the county, a resident of Hartleton, county commissioner from 1832 to 1835, died in 1859, aged sixty- six years ; Mary, married to Simon Shaifer, wlio, along with Robert P. Maclay, represented Union County in the Legislature of Pennsylvania at the session of 1833-34 (one of their sons, J. Wilson Shaffer, was a stable boy at the Berlin Iron- Works about 1845. He moved West and entered the war for the Union, served on the staff of General Butler and retired from the war at its close with the rank of brigadier-general, and in 1869 he was appointed by President Grant Governor of Utah, and died while in the discharge of the duties of that office in 1871) ; Peter Wilson, for the last sixty years living at Spring Mills, Centre County, Pa ; William, died in Illinois many years ago ; Alexander, died in Marietta, Pa.; Nancy, living in Hartle- ton ; and Dorcas, married to J. Boude Barber, of Illinois, now deceased. Leonard Smith owned the place now D. O. Bower's, where he had a saw-mill ; Melchior Smith, a brother, had a hemp-mill on Laurel Run ; they lived on adjoining farms, are both sons of Melchior Smith, a German, who had settled there in 1792. Their posterity still reside in and about Laurelton. John Spigelmyer bought some of the Hartley lands and settled where Swengle Station and post-office now are, in 1802 (see Lewis town- ship). John Stitzer was a blacksmith at the cross- roads where J. S. Halfpenny now lives, in Lewis township. John Stitzer, Jr., who lived in MifHinburg for many years, and kept hotel at the stand now Deckard's, was one of his sons. Another son was David Stitzer, who was also a blacksmith, and carried on the smithing busi- ness in connection with keeping a tavern at the cross-roads above-named. Contiguous to this tavern was the farm of George Catherman. Stitzer's landed possessions gradually increased as those of the adjoining farmer decreased, until the tavern-keeper had obtained all the fields of the neighboring farmer. The old farm buildings were torn down and no vestige of them remains. David Stitzer succeeded Henry Roush at the foot of the Penn's Valley 87 Narrows and kept a tavern there until he died, in 1867, aged seventy-one years. Adam Wilt came from Cumberland County in 1799; his father had bought the Narrows property of Michael Shirtz a short time before. Wilt kept tavern and owned the mill there for some years, until he was succeeded by Henry Roush, about 1812 or 1813. He was also a surveyor, and in 1813 was appointed a justice of the peace by Governor Snyder. He was noted for his skill and dexterity in running an arc, and is said to have been the fii-st man who took one successfully through the Couewago Falls. After leaving the Narrows he resided ou his farm until 1826, when John Lincoln became the owner thereof, and Wilt moved to Hartleton, where he died in 1830. John, Samuel C. and David C. Wilt were three of his sons. The first-named married the oldest daughter of Michael Peters, and lived on and cultivated the farm now Whitmer's. He was considered a model farmer in his day ; was elected a justice of the peace and served as such ; also was county commissioner from 1849 to 1852 ; as one of the county commissioners, he subscribed two hundred thousand dollars to the stock of the Susquehanna Railroad Company, which caused a great furor in the county. This subscription was the occasion of the convening of the largest public meeting ever held in New Berlin. Mr. Wilt died in 1858, fifty years old. Samuel C. Wilt lived the greater part of his life in Hartleton, was for many years a justice of the peace, and was killed in 1882 by a fall from a pear-tree in his yard. Daniel C. Wilt is a resident of Millheim, Centre County. John Williams was a son-in-law of Peter Fisher, and succeeded him in the ownership of the mill now Albright's. One of his daughters by a second wife is the wife of John F. Catherman. John Winkleplech settled, in 1795, on the farm now owned by John Hoffman, Jr., back of the Frederick, Jones, Forster or Tees farm. Elias Winkleplech, of Laurelton, is his grand- son ; the remainder of the family live in Centre County. Christian Zimmerman and Jacob Zimmerman came into the township in 1791, and settled upon what was afterward long known 1394 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. as Captain John Rote's farms. None of that family remain in the county. John Yerger lived on what was once the Cole place. It has had a Yerger for the owner ever since, and is now the property of John Yerger, a relative of the John Yerffer who lived there in 1811. Robert Barber, Jr., was a son of Robert Barber, Esq., one of the early settlers at White Springs; he lived where John A. Cook now lives, and owned that place along with the Isaac Royer place and Knauer's mill. About 1835 he re- moved to Illinois and there died. J. Wilson Barber, of Mifflinburg, is his grandson. William Forster owned the place where Samuel Hartman lives ; he was a bachelor, a son of Captain John Forster, of Buffalo town- ship,' said to have been the first white child born in Buffalo Valley. He was passionately fond of dancing. There was a large tract of land in the west- ern part of the township on which a rude cabin had been erected at an early day in the present century, and a small clearing made, which went by the name of the Frenchman's tract and the Frenchman's cabin. It em- braced the present farms of the Pursleys, part of Barnett's and others. It was for a long time owned by parties who would neither sell nor improve it, and was an eyesore to the neigh- bors, until, at length, death came to their relief and removed the owner. It then came into the market, and is now the property of a half-dozen owners. John Kehler, who, in 1814, is assessed as a tenant on the Frenchman's tract, was the father of the present John Galer, and was a soldier in the War of 1812, in Captain Ner Middleswarth's company. In his old age he removed to Mis- souri. The family of Lincoln have been in the Buffalo Valley since 1783. In that year Mishael Lincoln (who had served in the Revo- lution and in the region of the North and West Branches of the Susquehanna) purchased a tract of land in Buffalo township, about a mile east of Mifflinburg, near to where the toll-gate is. He had two sons, John and Thomas; the latter, about 1838, moved to Circleville and died soon fifter. A daughter, Sarah, became the wife of Michael Roush. Mishael Lincoln and his wife spent the last few years of their lives with their son John, and both died in the eighty-eighth year of their age, and were buried in the Lewis grave-yard, in Limestone township. He was a descendant of Mordecai Lincoln, and of the same family as Abraham Lincoln. The follow- ing sketch of the Lincoln family is prepared by the Hon. S. H. Orwig, of Lewisburgh, and is from reliable data : Mordecai Lincoln came from Lincolnshire, Eng- land, to Massachusetts about a.d. 1680. From Massachusetts he removed to New Jersey, where his wife died. From New Jersey he came to Pennsyl- vania in 1728, and bought about one thousand acres of land in Exeter township, Berks County. Here he married a second time, and died in 1735 or 1736, leaving to survive him eight children, — Hannah, Mary, John, Anna and Sarah, five children of his first wife, and Mordecai, Thomas and Abraham (posthumous), three children of his second wife. His grave is in the Friends' burying-ground, in Exeter township, Berks County. His will, dated February 22, A.D. 1735, and recorded June 7, a.d. 1736, con- tains bequests to his children, — Mordecai, Thomas, Hannah and Mary, John, Anna and Sarah. To John was left three hundred acres " lying in the Jerseys." John Lincoln, son of Mordecai, and great- grandfather of President Lincoln, left New Jersey and bought a farm in LTnion township, Berks County, Pa., distant from Birdsborough about one mile. This farm he sold in 17G0, and emisjrated to Virginia. Abraham Lincoln, son of John Lincoln, and grandfiither of President Lincoln, was born in Rockingham County, Va., and was killed by Indians about 1784, in Kentucky, whither he had emigrated a few years before that time. Abraham Lincoln's wife was Hannah Winters, the eldest daughter of William Winters and Anna Boone, a sister of Colonel Daniel Boone, famous in the early annals of Kentucky. Mr. Winters had removed in 1778 from Berks County to a farm now included within the cor- porate limits of the city of Williamsport, and was living there when his son-in-law, Abraham Lincoln, visited him a short time before his death, 1783. Upon Lincoln's return to his home in Kentucky he was accompanied by his brother-in-law, John Wintere. They traveled on foot froai what is now Williamsport, by UNION COUNTY. 1395 where Bellefonte now is, on " the Indian path leading from Bald Eagle to Frankstown." John Winters visited his sister, Mrs. Potter, at Bellefonte, in 1843, and wandering to the hill on which the academy is situated, his friends began to think he had lost himself, and dis- patched a messenger in search of him; but when found, he said he was not lost, but was looking for the path he and Lincoln had trod sixty years before, and then " pointed out with his finger the course from Spring Creek, along Buifalo Run, to where it crosses the Long Lime- stone Valley, as being their route." ' Thomas Lincoln, son of the Abraham Lincoln above named, was the father of the President. The wife of Thomas Lincoln was a Miss Hanks, whose parents had also removed from Exeter township, Berks County, Pa., to Fayette County, Pa., and from there to Vir- ginia. No apology is necessary for introducing the following autograph letter from President Lincoln to his relative : " Spkixgfield, 111., April 6, 1860. " Richard V. B. Lincoln, Esq. " My Dear Sir, — Owing to absence from home, yours of March 19th was not received till yesterday. You are a little mistaken. My grandfather did not go from Berks County, Pa., but, as I learn, his ances- tors did, some time before his birth. He was born in Rockingham County, Va. ; went from there to Ken- tucky, and was killed by Indians about 1784. That the family originally came from Berks County I le.irned a dozen years ago, by letter, from one of them, then residing at Sparta, Rockingham County, Va. His name was David Lincoln. I remember, long ago, seeing Austin Lincoln and Davis Lincoln, said to be sons of Ananiah or Hananiah Lincoln, who was said to have been a cousin of my grandl'ather. I have no doubt you and I are distantly related. I should think, from what you say, that your and my father were second cousins. I shall be very glad to hear from you at any time. Yours, very truly, " A. Lincoln." Mordecai Lincoln, son of the first Mordecai, had two sons, Benjamin and John, who re- moved to Fayette County, Pa., M'here their descendants are still living. Thomas Lincoln, son of the first Mordecai, was sheriff of Berks County in 1759. He had three children, — Mishael, Hananiah and Sarah. ' " History of Centre County," Linn. October 4, 1776, Hananiah Lincoln was ap- pointed a lieutenant m Colonel William Cooke's Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment of the Conti- nental Line. He afterwards removed to Kentucky. Mishael Lincoln was a soldier in General Sullivan's expedition against the In- dians, and was also at Fort Freeland, on the West Branch, in 1779, when Captain Brady was killed, and assisted in carrying in his body. Having by his experience in the Revolutionary War become familiar with the valley of the West Branch, he, immediately after the close of the war, in 1783, bought a large tract of land in Buffalo township, about one mile east of Mifilinburg. To this farm he then removed from Exeter, with his wife and child, an infant a year old. From 1817 to 1820 he was one of the commissioners of Union County. The child just named was John Lincoln, who lived a long and useful life, and died in 1862 on his farm in Hartley township, at Lincoln Chapel, to which place he had removed in 1826, about three miles west of where his son, Richard V. B. Lincoln, has resided for the last forty years. Abraham Lincoln, the posthumous son of the first Mordecai, was a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1782, and a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1790. He married Anna Boone, a first cousin of Colonel Daniel Boone. They had four sons, — Mordecai, James, Thomas and John. David J. Lincoln, of Birdsborough, Berks County, a son of James, to whom we are in- debted for much valuable information, writes, " The old homestead remained in the (family) name until after the death of my uncle John, in 1864, having been in the family one hun- dred and thirty-six years. My father lived in Morgantown, Berks County, when Abraham Lincoln was nominated for President, and the citizens erected a Lincoln pole at the corner of his house, but he was too feeble to leave his room and see it, and died shortly after, aged ninety-four years. Daniel Boone was born in Exeter township, Berks County, and after settling in Kentucky frequently visited his relatives in Berks County, and always spent some time with his cousin Anna, and no doubt his glowing accounts of the south induced John 1396 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Lincoln to leave Berks County in 1760, and settle in Virginia." And we may add that the tide of the lievolutionary War carried Mishael Lincoln to the fertile fields of Buffalo Valley in 1783, where his descendants still live. LINCOLN GENEALOGY. f Hannah. Mary. 9 >^ l}^ *' \ by Indiaus, 1784. Anna. Sarah. r Benjamin. Mordecai i John, removed [^to Fayette Co. 'Hananiah, tO\ Kentucky. j fAbraham, ■I President L United States. I Sarah, married to Davis, Juniata County. r Mordecai. James. Abraham i ^^^^ 1 John. John. Thomas, moved to Ohio. Sarah, mar- ried to Michael Bousli. ( Richard V. i Rachel. L Catharine. D. J. Lincoln. John Lincoln, the oldest son of Mishael, grew to manhood in the Buffalo Valley, and married, on the 3d day of June, 1819, Miss .Hannah Van Buskirk, daughter of Richard and Hannah (Kelly) Van Buskirk, who was born March 20, 1801. After his marriage he owned and resided upon a farm four miles east of Mifflinburg, now owned by the heirs of Dr. Lotz. In 1826 his father-in-law gave him the farm in Hartley township now owned by John Lincoln Knight, on which he resided until his death, August 19, 1862. His wife survived him until March 20, 1880. For nearly half a century they were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Their children were as fol- lows: Richard V. B., born December 18, 1822; Rachel T., born January 13, 1825; and Catharine Elizabeth, born October 19, 1829. Rachel married Dr. Samuel H. Knight, and had two children, viz. : Hannah E. and John L. Catharine E. married W. R. Halfpenny. Their children are Hannah, Mary, John L. and James M. John Lincoln, before his death, purchased a tract of laud now owned by his son, Richard V. B. Lincoln. It was upon this farm that John Turner made an improvement in 1754, and sold his right to John Harris in June, 1755. An account of this tract will be found in the first pages of the township. Richard V. B. Lincoln, son of John Lincoln, was born in Hartley township, and has always resided there. He attended the schools of his neighborhood, when opportunity offered, until he was nine years old, when he was sent to the Mifflinburg Academy, then in charge of Rev. Nathaniel Todd. He remained at the academy most of the time until his sixteenth year, when he entered the sophomore class at Dickinson College, located in Carlisle, Pa. He graduated second in his class in 1841. After leaving college he taught school four terms, when, having decided to follow farming as his business, he, in 1845, commenced work on the farm he now owns and resides ujjon, and which has been his permanent home for forty years. It was then owned by his father, but became his before his father's death. In politics, Mr. Lincoln was in early life a Whig and cast his first Presidential vote for Henry Clay. On the formation of the Republican party he at once became, and has ever since been, an active and prominent member thereof. In 1851 he was made a justice of the peace and held the office twenty successive years. He was elected coun- ty commissioner in 1855 and re-elected in 1857 for three years. For twenty-four years he has held the office of school director, and has many times been assessor of his township, and has also been overseer of the poor. Tlie Republic- ans of his county at one time presented his name as the choice of Union County for State Senator, and in 1876 made him their standard- bearer in the Congressional election of that year. The district having a Democratic major- ity, he was not elected, though he received his full party vote and in his own county ran several hundred votes ahead of his ticket. During the war Mr. Lincoln was active in his support of all war measures and at difi'erent times had charge of raising the quota of his township in the call for recruits. As an active, successful business man, Mr. Lincoln decidedly stands high in the estimation of tiiose who knew him best. He was one of the organizers UNION COUNTY. 1397 of the MiiBinbiirg Bank and has been one of its directors continuously since. He now owns three fine farms, containing four hundred and eighty acres of hmd in a body and under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Lincoln married, on the 18th day of August, 1852, Miss Anna M. Pellman, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Wolf) Pellman. She was born May 29, 1831, in Berks County. This union has been blessed with the following children : John W., born May 24, 1853; Samuel P., October 6, 1856, short distance west of Laurelton, where he died, in 1827, aged sixty-four years. Some of his sons went West and some of them remained on their native soil. Christian still lives near the Kiester school-house ; Michael died at Laurel- ton in 1878, in his seventieth year; George went to Selin's Grove in his early manhood, and has resided there ever since, and has for a long time been one of its most prominent citizens. One of the daughters of Jolin Christian Schnure (Margaret, the widow of Robert Lucas) lives in /?/:^< {^ifs. ^ Cs. — At the time of the incorporation two of the township school-houses were within the corporate bounds. They were used until 1SG2, when a school-building with two school- rooms was built, to which was added a second- story, with a hall, for various public purposes. This was paid for by subscriptions of the citizens of the town and vicinity. Among its early teach- ers were Cunningham, an irascible Irishman; Gadding,au Fnglishman ; Samuel Haupt,Charles Mtison, AVilliam Geddes and Joel Hamcr. The tirst teachers of the common, or free-schools, were James Madden, Esq., and Richard V. B. Lincoln. Others afterwards were Samuel Haupt, William Gcddcs and Mary Calvin. Churches. — Religious services were early held in the old school-house by Methodist itin- erants, who often stopped overnight in the town. The same was done by preachers of other de- nominations. Dr. George Junkin, an eminent Presbj'terian minister, preached there occasion- ally, as doubtless others also did. But it was not until in 1841 that the Union Church w;us built. This gave an impetus to the cause of religion, and since that time the Methodists, Presbyterians and Evangelicals have regularly had preaching services in the town. The Meth- odists and Evangelicals still use the old Union Church. The Methodists have always, .since the erection of the church, been served by the preachers of the Northumberland and MifHin- burg Circuits. (For their names, see history of Miffliuburg.) The PiifisBYTERiAN CiHTRCH. — In 1842 Rev. G. W. Thompson, then in charge of the Presbyterian Churches of New Berlin and Mif- fliuburg, gathered up the scattered remnants of the old Laurel Run congregation and organized them and others into a congregation at Hartle- ton, using the LTnion Church. Mr. Thompson, in 1847, was succeeded in order by Revs. James Williamson, W. S. Morrison and J. B. Adams to 1859. Rev. Phineas B. Marr was the pastor from 1859 to 1805, when Rev. J. D. Rcardon took charge and remained until 1880. After Mr. Reardon retired the congregation was sup- plied by Revs. Dr. David Keimcdy and others, until 1885, when Rev. C. E. Ed\\ards became the settled pastor. The Presbyterian Church building was com- menced in 1883, but was not linisheil until 1885. This good work was done chiefly through the exertions of Mr. Robert V. Glover. The Lhtheran Church. — The Lutherans began to hold services in the Union Church about 1854, when Rev. F. Ruthroff organized a UNION COUNTY. 1399 congregiitiou. After him came Revs. Dimm, lliescr, Daniel Klose and Dr. Saluu. The pres- ent briciv I'hurcli was hnilt in 1875, under the pastorate of Dr. Sahni. In the new cliurch the pastoi-s have been lievs. W. C. McCove, Charles Schnure, until 1880, when he went as a mission- ary to India; M. L. Fur.st and S. G. Finckle, tiie present incumbent. Tiie preaciiers of the Evangelical Association also hold regular bi-weekly services in the Union Church ; Rev. W. W. Rhoads, pastor. Coi.oxEL Thomas Hartley, the founder of the town, though he never resided here, was born in Berks County, Pa., September 7, 1748. He received the rudiments of a classical educa- tion at Reading, and in the eighteenth year of his age went to York, Pa., where he commenced the study of law, under Samuel Johnson, Esq. ; was admitted to the bar of York County July 25, 1769, and soon distinguished himself as a lawj'er. He earnestly espoused the cause of the colonies as against the mother coiuitry, and in 1774 was elected by the citizens of York, a member of the provincial meeting of deputies which was held in Philadelphia in July of that year. In 177o he was a member of the provin- cial convention which met in Philadelphia Jan- uary 23d. January 10, 1776, he was elected by Congress lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth Pennsylvania Buttalion, of which William Irvine was colonel; and after the capture of Colonel Irvine, Colonel Hartley commauded the battalion. It served one year. In 1777 he was appointed colonel in one of the ntw regiments of the Pennsylvania Line and commanded a brigade at the battle of the Brandy wine. In 1778 part of his regiment was scut into the West Branch region, soon after the massacre at Wyoming ; he was at Sunbury with his command August 1st, and Muncy Au- gust 8th and left there on September 21st, on a campaign against the Indians. The command marched through swamps, over creeks and mountains, and had numerous skirmishes with the enemy. It penetrated the northern wilds almost to the New York line, destroyed the In- dian villages on the Tioga aud Wyalusing, and returned to Sunbury October 5, after having made a march of several hundred miles. On February 13, 1779, after three years' ser- vice, he resigned his conuuissiou. In 1783 he was elected a memlier of the council of censors. In 1787 he was a member of the State Conven- tion which adopted the Constitution of the United States. In 1788 he was elected a mem- ber of the First Congress and was successsively elected to the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Congresses, dying while a member, at his home in York, December 21, 1800, in his fifty-third year. Governor IMcKean, on April 28, 1800, commissioned him a major-general of the Fifth Division of the Pennsylvania Militia, consisting of the counties of York and Adams. He left two children, Charles W. Hartley, af- terwards prothonotary of York County, and a daugiiter, Eleanor, married to Dr. James Hall, of Philadelphia. Colonel Hartley, while in Congress, delivered the first speech ever made in America on the tariff question. His speeches, as found in the Congressional Debates, are fine specimens of logic and oratory. He was deci- dedly one of the ablest representatives of his dav. His remains lie in front of St. John's Episcopal Church, of York, Pa. CHAPTER XV. LEWIS TOWNSHIP.' No serious attempt to divide Hartley township was made until September, 1855. As the terri- tory of Hartley township, in the new county of Union, covered more than one-third of the entire couuty, it wa.s thought necessary to make a di- vision of it. Accordingly at the September session of the court, upon a petition being pre- sented for that purpose, Henry Motz, George Slear and John Sehrach were appointed com- missioners to make a new township out of the eastern part of Hartley, and, on December 22, 1855, Messrs. Motz, Sehrach and Slear made a report in favor of a new township, giving its bounds on the same day exceptions were filed. February 23, 1856, exceptions not sustained, and John Datesman, Flavel Clingan and James D. Chamberlin appointed reviewers. ]\Iay 24, 'By R. V. B. Lincoln. 1400 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VAI*LEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1856, order for reviews coutinaed. Jolin Dates- man, one of the reviewers, having been sick, John B. Linn was appointed in his place. July 10, 1856, David Watson appointed in place of John B. Linn. September 20, 1856, John S. Schrach was appointed, and order to viewers thus constituted continued. December, 1856, reviewers made report in favor of a new town- ship, running by the same lines as the first views. E.xceptions filed. February 14, 1857, " after hearing exceptions to report, both this and re- port of reviewers being in favor of the division of the township by the same lines, the exceptions are overruled and report confirmed, and the new township, as designated by the viewers, erected and constituted into a new township, to be called the township of Lewis." This name was given to it in honor of Judge Ellis Lewis, who presided over the courts of Union County with great ability from 1833 to 1842. Streams. — Penn's Creek, flowing through Hartley, Lewis and Lewistown, was called in the treaty of 1754 " Rayarondin ; " in that of 1758, "John Penn's Creek," and in various old deeds at different times it is called " Big Ma- honey." In the deed from John Turner to John Harris, of June, 1755, for the improvement (now R. V. B. Lincoln's) in Hartley township the creek is called " Mahoney." Buffalo Creek is called by that name in the treaty of 1758. It rises in numevous springs, most of which are in Lewis township. North Branch and Rapid Run flow easterly through the township in the northern part. Lewis township is from two and a half to three miles wide from east to west, and about fifteen miles in length from nortli to south ; about one- half of its territory is mountainous and incapa- ble of cultivation. In the central part of the township there arc as fine farms as can be found in the county. From the time of the purchase of 1754 the greater part of the town- ship of Lewis was in Cumberland County until, in 1768, the northeastern part of the township was embraced in the purchase of that year, and became a part of the county of Berks, and so remained until tiic erection of the county of Northumberland, in 1772. The line of the purchase of 1754, as fixed by the treaty of 1758, became the boundary line between the counties of Cumberland and Berks, and re- mained such until 1772. It ran northwest on or near the boundary line of Benjamin and Abraham Mench's places, north of Ray's Church. The Mench farms are on the David Johnson survey, application of April 3, 1769, surveyed August 20, 1769. West of David Johnston, on Buffalo Creek, is the Thomas Mackemie's, surveyed August 16, 1771, and west of the latter, the James McBeath (the Or- wig mill tract), both surveyed under applica- tions of April 3, 1769. South of these lies a large block of surveys, then in Cumberland County, returned as surveyed November 27, 1769, under application of April 3d of that year. Of this block the Jane Little tract is the easternmost; its northwest corner is a black oak, common to the Mackemie and Johnston surveys. This black oak was on the old county line between Berks and Cumberland, course from black oak south 57° east 171 perches to northeast corner of Jane Little. The old John Ray farm and Ray's Church are on the north- ern jjart of the Jane Little, of the block ; the next west of Jane Little was the John Temple- ton, then the Jane Montgomery, then the John Johnston on which the Filman and John and Isaac Reish farms are. These original surveys are a mile and a half long from north to south, the turnpike running nearly through the centre of them. West of the John Johnson is the Philip Cole survey, made June 25, 1773, on warrant of May 24, of that year. Colonel Philip Cole lived on this tract before the Revolutionary War, and had twenty-five acres cleared as early as 1775. He was a juror in 1773 and member of the county committee of safety for Butt'alo township, in 1776, and colonel of the battalion of associators of Buffalo and Penn's townships, elected Augu.st 31, 1776. This battalion or ilrafts from it went into service in December, and were employed in provost duty at Reading. Colonel Cole left the valley at the runaway in 1778 and never returned. Peter Kiester next occupied his place as a tenant, and the place was long known as Kiester's. In 1784 Colonel Cole sold his place to Colonel Hartley, I UNION COUNTY. 1401 who owned a large number of tracts of land in the neighborhood. Kiester remained the tenant of Hartley for some years, and was succeeded by Edward Crawford on the old Cole place. In 1792 Edward Crawford, one hundred and fifty acr&=i ; Anthony Garner, two hundred acres ; William Douglass, two hundred acres ; Peter Kiester, three hundred acres ; Benjamin Wil- liams, one hundred and fifty acres ; William Boveard, one hundred acres, were tenants on Colonel Hartley's lands in Lewis and Hartley township, then West Buffalo. In the same year Sebastian Miller, the father of Peter Miller, who died in Hartley township, in his ninety-second year, settled upon land of Colonel Hartley, as a tenant, and made the first clearing on the farm now owned by Mr. Ship- ton, at Swengle. In March, 1793, Hugh Wilson (father of the late Francis Wilson, of near Lewisburgh, and of Dr. W. I. Wilson, of Potter's Mills, and grandfather of Hon. John B. Linn) moved from the place afterwards known as Kleckner's, one mile west of Mifflinburg, to the Cole place, owned by Colonel Hartley (now and for many years Yerger's), and kept tavern thereuntil 1798, when he removed to Lewisburgh to keep a store. This tavern of Hugh Wilson's was probably the first licensed house in the township from 1793-98. In the assessment list of 1796 it is described as a hewed log house, round log barn and three hundred acres in the place. John Yerger came there in 1804, .succeeding Martin Sillon, and John Yerger, Jr., commenced keeping tavern there in 1804, and in 1814 was still keeping there. He moved from the valley and bought a place near Jacksonville, in Nittany Valley, where some of his descendants still reside. He was succeeded by his brother Jacob, who lived there until his death in 1870, and the old place and part of the farm is still owned by John Yerger, his son. The land on which Christian Mench, the elder, now liv^es was surveyed to Baltzer Kline- smith, on March 26, 1777, on warrant of Feb- ruary 21, 1776. He was killed by the Lidians in Buffalo township, not far. from Dreisbach's Church, in 1780, but his widow and children lived upon it after the war. In 1810 the land was valued and divided into two portions, Baltzer and Eobert Klinesniith, Jr., taking one portion; Chambers, a son-in-law of the Baltzer who was killed, taking tiie other. Baltzer, Jr., sold h is share to Christian Mench, and moved to a tract of land in Hartley township, on the east side of Paddy's Mountain, where he lived until his death. He is buried in the Laurelton grave- yard. His wife was a daughter of Melchior Smith, an early settler on the place now Bower's, on Laurel Run. Their descendants of the names of Grove and Stover reside in Marion and Benner townships, and in Millheim, in Centre County. On the North Branch of Buffalo Creek lie many of the surveys lately owned by Henry Gast, surveyed in December, 1794, on warrants of December 16, 1793. North of these are lands taken up at a late date by Dr. S. S. Beck, and along the northern border of the township are surveys made in the name of James Wistar and others, surveyed in December, 1794, on warrants of April 12, 1794. The surveys along Penu's Creek, on the north side, were made for John Harris in Feb- ruary, 1769, on warrants of 1755. One Wil- liam Doran held an improvement on the lands surveyed for Harris in tiie neighborhood of Penn's Creek before 1755. A survey, made February 13, 1755, by General Armstrong for Henry Nuyfer, calls for Doran's improvement as an adjoiner. The name of William Doran ap- pears as one of the signers to the petition addressed to Robert Hunter Morris, then Governor under the proprietaries, after the massacre on Penn's Creek in October, 1755. The site of his im- provement cannot now be fixed with precision, but it must have been in the neighborhood of what is now Knauer's Mill. As early as 1780 David Catherman lived on the place now owned by William Swengle. He had two sons, Jacob and George, between whom he divided his four hundred acres of land, Ja- cob getting the place where Swengle now lives, while George had his cabin a little north of the present residence of J. L. Halfpenny, Esq. In 1781 Jacob Catherman was captiired by the Indians, at or about the same time that John Shively and the Wierbach girls were taken, as detailed in the history of Hartley to^^^^ship. 1402 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The family traditiou of the capture of Cather- man, as related by John F. Catherman, a grandson of Jacob, is substantially as follows : There had been rumors of the approach of hos- tile Indians, and the Catherman family had been considering the propriety of leaving their home and seeking a more secure place of refuge ; and, with this end in view, Jacob Catherman and a man named Reichard went up on the Limestone Ridge to hunt for the colts, which had been allowed to run at large. Whilst thus engaged they were unexpectedly fired upon and Reichard wounded, but not dangerously. They commenced to run, and, after running some distance, came upon a large band of Indians, and, seeing no hoi)e of escape, Catherman, who had a gun, fired it into the ground in token of surrender. After a captivity of three days Reichard escaped and returned, but Catherman remained in captivity until the war ended. Whilst a captive he made it a point to be of as little use as possible to his captors, and con- trived to do everything that he was ordered to do in an unsatisfactory manner. For example, when set to hoeing corn, he would hoe the corn off and leave the weeds stand, etc., so that the Indians got tired of him and sold him to their British allies for a few gallons of whiskey, an article which they could use. On his return from captivity, as he neared his home, he passed a harvest-field, in which were about thirty reap- ers, on land lately part of the estate of John Mench (deceased), in Limestone township. The reapers happened to be at the end as Catherman neared them, and some of them knowing and recognizing him, they had a reg- ular jubilee over his return, and regaled him so freely with the usual harvest beverage that, for some hours, he was unable to continue his journey. He lived long in the valley, and raised a family of eleven sons and two daugh- ters. His brother, George, also raised a large family of boys, and their descendants can now be counted by the hundred, in Lewis and Hart- ley townships, and in the Western States of the Union. The stone mansion-house on Jacob Catherman's place was built in 1817. In 1781 the first mill on Penn's Creek, afterwards known as Barber's, Ruhl's, Kauff- man's and Knauer's, was built by Adam Smith. It was long known as Smith's Mill. In 1804 Smith sold to Barber & Heise, who improved the mill. Robert Barber, Jr., subsequently be- came the sole owner, and built an addition to the mill, and carried on a distillery, in connec- tion with the manufacture of flour, for many years. About 1837 Barber sold to John Ruhl, who remained the owner until he sold to a Mr. Kauffman, from Schuylkill County, in 1852, and he, in turn, after an ownership of a few years, sold to Samuel Knauer, who is the pres- ent owner. It is still in the full tide of suc- cessful operation, with an abundant water- power. In 1793 we find the name of Sebastian Mil- ler in the assessment list; he came from North- ampton County, and settled as a tenant on land of Colonel Hartley, built the first cabin, grubbed the first sapling and made the first clearing at Swengle. He was the father of Peter Miller, who, for many years, owned a saw-mill on Penn's Creek, in Hartley township, and died in the ninety-second year of his age, and was buried in the Kiester grave-^yard. Peter Klingaman came from York County soon after the close of the Revolutionary AVar, in which he had been a soldier, and settled in the northern part of the arable portion of the township, where his posterity still reside. He was born in 1762, and died in 1848. In 1797 George Books erected a saw-mill on the North Branch of Buflalo Creek. He is said to have been a man of extraordinary phys- ical strength. In a row at Rockey's Mill, where the elections for White Deer, Buffalo and Potter townships were held from 1777 to 1788, he caught two men, one in each hand, and butted their heads together until they were willing to behave themselves. He removed to Ohio, and there died. This saw-mill of Books was too far removed from the settlements to be profitable, and was allowed to rot down, and for more than fifty years was known as " the old saw-mill." In 1882 Messrs. Ryan, Thomp- son & Co., of Williamsport, bought the site of the old Books saw-mill, along with other valu- able timber lands in its vicinity, and erected a large steam saw-mill, with all the modern UNION COUNTY. 1403 improvements, and also built a railroad from the Lewisburgli and Tyrone Railroad, at a point a little west from Mifflinburg, to their saw-mill; on this railroad their own locomotive transports the products of the mill, etc., to the main railroad at Mifflinburg. This railroad is some seven or eight miles long;. The people of Lewis township are almost ex- clusively engaged in agricultural pursuits, and always have been. As early as 1814 there were but three saw-mills in the township, viz., George Rezuor's, at the place afterwards known as Orwig's Mill ; Robert Barber, Jr.'s, on Penn's Creek, now Knauer's ; and Misliael Lincoln's, the one formerly Books'. After the vicissitudes of seventy years, the same number is in exist- ence, at almost the same localities, viz.: Ryan, Thompson & Co.'s, at the old Books site ; Sam- uel Knauer's, at Robert Barbei-'s old place ; and Jeremiah Troutman's, not far from the Orwig site. In 1775 the name of John Reznor appears upon the assessment list of Buifalo township, Northumberland County, as a new settler ; he is assessed with three acres of cleared land and two horses and two cows. He was a native of Germany, of the class known as Redemptiouers, which name was applied to those persons who were unable to defray the expenses of crossing the Atlantic, and were sold as servants, at auc- tion, to such persons as were willing to pay the passage-money for them. The purchasers were entitled to the services of the " Redemptiouers " for a term specified in the sale, by which time it was supposed the earnings of the Redemptiou- ers would be enough to redeem them from serv- itude. John Reznor's services were purchased by an English-speaking family, and he remained with them so long that he entirely forgot his native tongue, and he, as long as he lived spoke the English language exclusively, in which he has been followed by his descendants. He died in 1801, leaving a widow and children, — John, George, Agues, etc. George got the property afterwards known as Orwig's, where he had a saw-mill. In the first year of the existence of the county of LTnion (1814) a road was laid out from Rockey's mill to Reznor's saw-mill, five miles ; and from Reznor's saw-mill to the Brush Valley and Mifflinburg road, four miles and one hundred and forty perches. John owned the land afterwards Reuben Mench's,and other lands now embraced within the domain of Isaac Reish. George Reznor sold to and was succeeded by Abraham Orwig, in 1816, and moved West, while John (2d) remained until his death, in Oc- tober, 1835. His son John became the owner of the old place, and James of the place along the turnpike. John subsequently sold to Reu- ben Mench, and removed with his family to Mercer County, Pa. One of his sons, Thomas M. Reznor, has since represented Mercer County in the Legislature of Pennsylvania. On May 23, 1836, James Reznor had gone to Hartleton on some business, and, whilst his horse was hitched to a post in front of the store of Robert H. Kerr, the horse took fright and pulled out the post, and Mr. Reznor, in trying to catch the horse, was struck by the swinging post and so much injured that he died a short time afterwards. He left two sons, Robert and Samuel, both of whom have left the valley ; and daughters, — Anne, married Dr. Jacob Schuyler, of Bloomsburg ; Elizabeth, married to John V. Bai'ber, of Mifflinburg; Agnes, married to William B.Barber, of Limestone township; and Susan, since deceased. The wife of Dr. Schuy- ler also has been dead for a number of years. Among the names of the inhabitants of Buf- falo township in April, 1780, appears that of John Ray. In 1796 George Ray, or Reeg, as it was spelled in German, is assessed as a tavern- keeper, with a hewed log house and barn, in West Buffalo township, which, in 1792, had been erected out of the western portion of old Buffalo. He died in 1802, the owner of the farm long known as Ray's, about midway be- tween Mifflinburg and Hartleton, on the turn- pike. His name has been perpetuated in the church erected on the land donated by him for that purpose. His son, John Ray, was the first sheriff of Union County. In 1802 John Spi- gelmyer settled in the township; he left two sons, John and Daniel, each in the possession of a large farm near the present village of Swengle. The village is built on part of the Daniel Spigelmyer farm, and derives its name 1404 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. from John Swengle, who was the next owner after Spigelmyer. Daniel Spigelmyer died leaving a number of daughters and one son, Shem, for a long time (about thirty-five years) a merchant at Hartleton, and at present a resident of Mifflinburg. John Spigelmyer, Jr., left two sons, Jacob and John, the latter of whom died a few years ago of a cancer; the for- mer is at present a resident of Hartleton, one of the county commissioners and the owner of a part of the paternal acres. In 180G Philip E,uhl removed from Lancas- ter County and settled in the township on the property where two of his grandsons (S. F. and T. H. Euhl) now reside. He had four sons, — Philip, John, George and Jacob ; and a daughter, first married to George Kleckner, who died the owner of the farm (now Dr. Seebold's) about a mile west of MifHinburg. After the death of Kleckner she married Shem Schoch, of New Berlin, and is still living. Another daughter married Shem Knauss, and is now living, in the eighty-second year of her age. All of these four sons lived to be very old men, dying at ages between eighty-five and ninety years. The oldest, Philip, was three times (1829, '30 and '31) elected to represent the county of Union in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, twice as the colleague of the celebrated Ner Middleswarth. He was also, in 1855, elected an associate judge of the County Courts. The four brothers were all successful farmers, and their descendants now own and occupy some of the best farms of the township. In 1814 Peter Kauiiman was living on and owning a part of the original McBeath survey. He was well known, and was remembered for some eccentricities of character. He died in 1 845, aged eighty-four years. One of his daugh- ters was the wife of Henry Sanders, Jr. Jos- eph Sanders, one of the sons, moved upon the farm and is its owner and one of the leading citizens of the township. From records in a German Bible, published in 1754, and now owned by Edward Orwig, it appears that Godfrey Orwig was born in Ger- many in 1709 and came to America in 1743. George Orwig, the sixth child of Godfrey and Clara Orwig, was born March 11, 1758. He and a brother laid out the town of Orwigsburg, in Schuylkill County. George Orwig left Or- wigsburg, and, with his family, migrated to the more generous soil of Buifalo Valley, to the place now owned by John Watson. He next moved to Mifflinburg and died in 1841, aged neai'ly eighty-three years. In the old German Bible afore-mentioned is a record of the birth of twelve children, viz. : George, born January 17, 1780 ; John, born July 21, 1781 ; Jacob, born April 18, 1783; Isaac, born February 27, 1785 ; Abraham, born February 26, 1787 ; Henry, born January 27, 1789 ; Maria, born August 27, 1791 ; Mary ]\Iagdalcna, born De- cember 5, 1793; Rebecca, born February 1, 1796 ; Samuel, born April 6, 1798 ; William, born March 22, 1800 ; Hannah, born July 1, 1802. George built the mill at New Berlin. John kept a store in Mifflinburg ; he and George moved to Ohio. Jacob died in New Berlin. Henry, Samuel, Hannah and Rebecca (who was the wife of Thomas Crotzer) died in Mifflin- burg. Samuel was a saddler and the father of Reuben G., Thomas G., Benjamin M., Samuel H. and Joseph R. Orwig, besides sevei-al daugh- ters. William died in Lewis township, where his son Edward lives. Isaac died in Schuylkill County, aged eighty-eight years. In 1816 Abraham Orwig succeeded George Reznor, who had a saw-mill on But!alo Creek ; and in 1817 built a small grist-mill. This mill was half a century in the Orwig family. Abraham's sons were William W. (an eminent preacher and a bishop of the Evangelical Asso- ciation, now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio), Henry (who succeeded his father in the owner- ship of the old homestead anil mill, and who died a few years since in Mifflinburg) and Elias (now and for many years a resident of Hartleton). Daniel Knauss, the grandfather of the present Daniel Knauss, came from Northampton County, Pa., about 1816, and bought the place where his grandson still resides, and died there in 1845, aged eighty-eight years. He had quite a repu- tation in his day as a witch-doctor ; many per- sons resorted to him for his advice and prescrip- tions to assist them in getting rid of the wiles of the enchanter. He left sons — Benjamin, Sol- UNION COUNTY. 1405 uraon and Shem — and a daughter, Hannah. Ben- jamin died a few years ago in Trevertou, Pa., in his ninety-fifth year; Solomon removed, about 1848, to the neighborhood of Bellevue, Ohio, where his posterity still reside ; Shem lived and died on the old homestead, leaving it to his son Daniel ; he also left two daughters — Elizabeth (married to Isaac Reish) and another ! (married to Charles Ruhl). Hannah Knauss married Daniel Spigelmyer, and still lives in Hartleton, in her ninety-second year, the recipient of a pension from the United States for services rendered by her late husband in the War of 1812, almost three-quarters of a century ago. Republics are not ungrateful. The ancestors of the Mench family came from Germany. Abraham Mench came from Berks County, Pa., to Columbia, and, after a residence there of a few years, removed to Union County and settled on the place where his son Abra- ham still resides. His sons were John, Reu- ben, Benjamin, Christian and Abraham ; daugh- ters— Betsey, Lydia, Sally, Naucy and Hetty. John was an extensive farmer in Limestone township, and died there in 1858; sons — Abra- ham H. (a Methodist preacher, now dead), Oliver P. (residing in Mifflinburg), Isaiah (de- ceased), Jeremiah (moved West), Melancthon (living on the paternal farm) and John R. Daughters — Hannah and Elizabeth (were both, successively, married to Daniel Reber, and are both dead), Jane (married to Joseph Stees, also deceased), Elvy (married to William Chambers, also deceased) and Alice (married to Hon. G. A. Schoch, of Middleburg). Reuben died on the farm which had for many years belonged to John Reznor, and which is now a part of the barony of Isaac Reish, leav- ing sons — Hudson (a resident of Virginia) and Dr. M. L. (a physician in Hartleton) ; and two daughters — -Hetty (married to Mr. Scrim- mager, of Virginia) and Ella (married to Dr. Weaver, of Centre County). Benjamin, Abra- ham and Christian own contiguous farms on the north of the turnpike, opposite to Ray's Church. George Hower came to Union County in 1806, and lived in Buffalo township until, about the year 1820, he removed to Lewis township, on land belonging to John Maclay (now Reish's), and lived there until the elder John Reish bought it from Maclay, in 1831. His son, John Hower, married a daughter of John Spigelmyer, and has been a resident of the township ever since, until, a few years ago, he retired from his fiirm, and is now spending the evening of life in the boroUgh of Hartleton. Jacob Hower, of Lewisburgh, is one of his sons. John Reish came from Berks County, Pa., and settled in the neighborhood of Farmers- ville. In 1831 he removed from there to the farm known as Reish's ever since, and died in 1860, seventy-six years old, leaving two sons, John and Isaac, the inheritors of his estate. The two brothers held the property in common and increased it by subsequent purchases of the adjoining farms of Reuben Mench and James Reznor, deceased. John dying without lineal heirs, Isaac became the sole owner of the Reish farms, and is now the largest owner of arable land in the township. The Ray Church. — In 1801 George Ray gave an acre on which to erect a church for the use of the Lutheran and German Reformed societies. On this land a church building of hewed logs was put up. There was also a burying-ground adjacent to the church. After the lapse of years the Ray Church became neglected, and for several years was rarely used except upon funeral occasions. In those days terrible tales were told of the strange sights seen in the grave-yard, and of unearthly noises heard in the deserted church at night, which were supposed by those who saw and heard them to proceed from the disem- bodied spirits which had escaped from the grave-yard into the church and were holding high carnival there. The doors of the church generally stood open and it was said that if they were closed on one day they would be open again by the next morning. At last some per- son, not having the fear of Satan or of spirits before his eyes, had the temerity to intrude him- self into the nocturnal orgies of the spirits, and found that all the spectres seen and noises heard proceeded from a flock of sheep which had taken advantage of open doors to make the church a place of shelter at night. Like all other ghost stories, this one vanished into air 1406 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANxNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and disappeared before the onward march of reason and of knowledge. The Lutheran" Church. — In 1851 tlie old log structure was demolished and a new brick church, two-storied, with a gallery around three sides, was erected on its site. Tliis church was regularly used by the Luth- eran and Reformed congregations until, in 1883, it, too, in its turn, had to succumb to the spirit of improvement abroad in the land. In that year the brick church was taken down and a larger and more modern buildino; erected on the opposite side of the turnpike, on land ob- tained from Samuel Ruhl. The church has a commodious »Sunday-school room in the rear part of the building. It is provided with a bell, ornamented with a tall spire, stained glass win- dows, etc., and, taken in all, is a credit to the people who provided the means for its erection. As far as can now be ascertained. Rev. John G. Heim was the first regular pastor of the Luth- erans. In 1831 the now venerable John G. Anspach assumed the pastorate of the Lutheran congre- gation, and continued to serve in that capacity until 1884, when he resigned, after a pastorate of more than fifty years. He was succeeded by Rev. Finckle, the present pastor. The Reformed Church. — For several years after the building of the Ray Church there does not appear to have been any regular pastor for the German Reformed congregation there, al- though it is not unlikely that the Revs. J. G. Phreemer, J. Dietrich, John Aurand and George Geistweit, and perhaps others, occasionally preached there. In 1808 and 1809, Rev. Jacob Dieffenbach lived in !Mifflinburg and preached to the Reformed congregation there and to others in the valley. He resigned in 1810 and was suc- ceeded by the celebrated J. H. Fries, a more ex- tended notice of whom will appear in the history of Mifflinburg. Mr. Fries died in 1839 and was succeeded, successively, by Revs. Ephraim Kieifer, Weisz, John C. Bucher, Rittenhouse, George E. Addams and A. C. Whitmer, the present incumbent. The congregation at Ray's has always bsen served by tlie pastor of the Re- formed congregation at Mifilinburt!:. Church of the Evangelical Associa- tion.— About 1855 a small log building was built in the northern part of the township by this association. This unpretentious building was usually known under the name of the " temple," and continued to be used for religious purposes until, in 1879, its place was supplied by a neat little church, weather-boarded and painted white, called " Pleasant Grove Evangelical Church," from the clump of pine-trees bv which it is environed. In 1875 a brick church was erected by the same sect in the village of Mill- mout, the erection of which was materially as- sisted by the bequest of John Brown, made in 1846. There was also a church erected in 1878, at Swengle, chiefly through the exertions of Rev. David Williams, a Baptist preacher, then hav- ing his home at Lewisburgh. This church is a union church, and free for all denominations of orthodox Christians. The members of the Evangelical Association have leased from Mr. William Swengle a grove containing about ten acres of land near to Swengle, whereon have been erected cottages and other conveniences for the annual camp- meetings there held. On a slightly elevated knoll a short distance northwest of Millmont are the remains of an old burying-ground, in which were deposited the mortal remains of many of the fii"st settlers of the neighborhood. Over half a century has passed since any interments have been made there. The great majority of the graves were unmarked and part of the grave-yard has been for many years under cultivation. On the part not yet desecrated by the plow lie a few frag- ments of broken stone, not marble, but reddish sandstone from the adjacent mountain, on which part of the inscription is still legible, — e. g., " In memory of Andrew Fox, Jr., who departed this life October 1, 1795, aged " here the stone is broken off, and the remainder gone. On another, the top part of the stone containing the name is gone, but on the bottom part is re- corded in German the fact that the person to whose memory it was erected died December 15, 1794, etc. Schools. — The school history of Lewis town- ship is connected with that of Hartley ijntil the UNION COUNTY. 1407 division of the latter, in 1857. At the time there was the brick school-house near Sweugle, a school-house on the turnpike near to Reish's, one uear to Orwig's mill, and one on the line between Hartley and Lewis, near Penn's Creek, to which have been added one at Spring Creek and one at Millmont. Villages. — When the Lewisburgh and Ty- rone R. R, was extended from ]\Iifflinburg to Laurelton,in 1875,in order to accommodate the business of Hartleton, which was left out in the cold, something over a mile from the railroad, a depot was located in a field belonging to Jacob E. Royer, to which there was no public road or other means of access, and which was named Millmont (an appellation suggestive of a mill and a mountain). The place was a dead level, part of it a swamjj, but a mill (Knauer's) was about a mile distant, and within two miles a mountain (Jack's) loomed up proudly and grandly. Steps were immediately taken to have a public road laid out to the depot, and a small, but substantial, brick build- ing was erected for depot purposes. Mr. Royer, the owner of the land, had some acres of it laid out in lots, and built a number of houses on them, and sold others to parties who built on them, so that now (1885) Millmont consists of about thirty dwelling-houses, two stores,' one grain-elevator, one bark-mill propelled by steam, one steam planing-mill, box-factory, and one church (Evangelical Association). A post-office was established there in 1883. At about the time that Millmont was made a regular station on the railroad, a switch or siding was constructed and a post-office estab- lished at Swengle, about three-fourths of a mile east of Millmont. It was so named from Mr. John Swengle, who then owned the land. Here, too, a small hamlet of about twenty houses has sprung into existence, including two stores, a blacksmith-shop and a grain elevator. CHAPTERXVI. THE BOROUGH OF NEW BERLIN.i New Berlin is situated on a bluff on the ' By R. V. B. Lincoln. north bank of Penn's Creek, which is, at this point, the dividing line between the counties of Union and Snyder. It is on the east end of the John Ord survey, made August 10, 1769, and on the west end of the George Albrecht, sur- veyed December 19, 1771. In 1769 John Beatty settled near the spring north of the town, and in 1775 carried on a tannery on the site of the town. He died in 1787. In 1792 George Long laid out the town of New Berlin ; Frederick Evans was surveyor. It was for many years called " Longstown." The date of the first deed for a lot is January 18, 179-3, given to Adam Snyder. The residents in 1792 were Christopher Miller and George Mover or Meyer; in 1794, Hugh Beatty, Geo. Mover, Christopher Miller, Zeba Smith, Philip Har- mony, William Black, John Mitchell and Martin Car- stettcr; in 1796, William Beatty, Hugh Beatty, Wil- liam Black, James Cook, Isaac Gill, James Hender- son, Christopher Miller, shop-keeper; John Mitchell, George Moyer, tailor; John Overmeier, Wm. Eariek, blacksmith; Christopher Seebold, tavern-keeper; John Smith, tavern-keeper; Peter Smith, tailor; Adam Specht, shoemaker; Martin Treaster. In 1800 they were William Beatty, Hugh Beatty, Philip Berger, John Clark, James Cook, Isaac Gill, George Grove, Philip Herman, carpenter; George Meyer, weaver; George Meyer, tailor; Philip Overmeier, James Park, Esq., store-keeper; William Rarick, Jacob Rothrow, Christopher Seebold, Peter Smith, Adam Specht, Mar- tin Treaster, Andrew Wagoner, inn-keeper. In 1802 the additional residents were Peter Himmelreich, Zacharias Mussina, Peter Renninger, shoemaker; Jeremiah Speddy, shoemaker. In 1803 Peter Hack- enburg, Letfard Haughawout, Robert Lucas, John Solomon, Daniel Spyker were additional residents. In 1807 Jacob Berger, Philip Miller, Henry Shoffler, Dr. Jacob Stern were additional residents. In 1808 Christian Estrich, merchant; Jacob Feather, hatter; William Franz, George Fought, Thomas Lehman, schoolmaster; William McCullough, Adam Maurer, Henry Pontius, Jr., Peter Smith, gunsmith; Henry Springer, chair-maker; Daniel Winter, inn-keeper. In 1810 William Kessler, John Shout, James Sproul, merchant. In 1811 James Charlton, Jacob Dennis, blacksmith; John Dennis, cordwainer; Abraham Hubler, weaver; Caspar Yost. In 1814 there were fifty-nine taxables in the town, thirty log houses, seventeen log buildings for business purposes; one frame house, belonging to John Shout. Of the inhabitants, William Kessler was a tanner; John Borger, a millwright; Sanuiel Baun, a gun- smith; John W. Epler, a schoolmaster; Amlrew Moyer and George Eisenhuth were merchants ; Wil- liam Francis, Jacob Hine and Henry Weirick were 1408 JUiVIATA AND SUSQUBHA>fNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. inn-keepers; Christian Seebold, justice of the peace; Adam Specht, Jr., and Philip Seebold were potters ; Frederick Shressler, stocking- weaver ; Henry Spring- er, turner; Jacob Stern, doctor; Henry Hockman, Jacob Hockman, David Neyhart, Henry Specht, John Shout and Abraham Solomon were joiners. The commissioners appointed to select a seat of justice for Union County reported New Ber- lin as the most eligible location, and selected a site for the court-house on lot of Christopher Seebold, and in May, 1815, the courts and various county offices were removed to New Berlin, which remained the county-seat until 1855, when it was removed to Lewisburgh, upon the erection of the county of Snyder. In 1816 the jail was erected by Frederick Hippie; contract price, four thousand dollars. Additions to the town were made at different times by Christopher Seebold, Christopher Miller, Henry Gross and Alexander Beatty. A plan of the original town and the subsequent additions, made by Adam Wilt, of Hartley, was recorded. On the 20th of June, 1816, a public market or fair was held at New Berlin, lasting for three days, for the purpose of selling horses, cattle, etc. According to the advertisement, " Here the weary peddler was invited to repose a few davs with his pack, and at the same time to vend jewelry to his advantage ; lovers of music and dancing to spend the careless hours in pleas- ure. Boxers and gamblers are not invited, but may attend at their own risk." About this time James Merrill and John Lashells, Esqs., located in New Berlin. (See Bench and the Bar, page 1201.) George A. Snyder, Esq., the second son of Governor Snyder, was prothonotary of Union County from 1824 to 1830. Among the residents in 1829 were Daniel Auble, George Boyer, Michael Bobs and Adam Shower, store-keepers ; Samuel Brobst, Thomas Grier, Peter Kurtin, William Hockey, Philip Seebold and Adam Shower, inn-keepers ; James Merrill, John Lashells, Charles Maus, Isaac Slenker and John Wyeth, law- yers ; Joseph R. Lotz and Jonathan Rishel, doctors ; George Miller and William Caruthers, printers; John B. Porter, schoolmaster; Philip Franck, watch- maker ; John Bishop, postmaster. In 1832 Samuel Aurand, Samuel Baum, Jr., Adam Shower and Philip Seebold were hotel-keepers ; George Bogar, Peter Baum, Michael Brobst, Jesse Beaver, A. D. Hahn, Daniel Long and Samuel Wil- son were merchants; David E. German and John Parvin, teachers. About 1816 George Spring had laid an ad- dition to New Berlin called Springfield, and disposed of the lots by a lottery. On May 16, 1837, the grand jury of the county reported favorably on the petition of the inhabitants of New Berlin asking to be incorpo- rated as a borough, which was confirmed by the court. Mr. Long, in laying out his town, re- served and dedicated to public use a strip of land along Penn's Creek at the foot of the bluff, which is still used as a common pasture-ground by the citizens of his town. On February 19, 1839, the hotel of Samuel Aurand, then one of the principal hotels, was burned. It was court week and the house was filled with guests in attendance on the court. Some of them made narrow escapes. On April 28, 1832, the county commissioners had, in the the name of the county, subscribed two hundred thousand dollars to the stock of the Susque- hanna Railroad Company, upon condition that the road should run on the west side of the river. This subscription aroused intense ex- citement and opposition. In obedience to a call, the people of the county assembled at New Ber- lin to express their indignation. But the friends of the subscription, as well as its enemies, assem- bled. It was the largest meeting ever held in the town. Its deliberations were very boister- ous and engendered much bad feeling. Reso- lutions were finally passed approving the sub- scription. The bad feelings aroused by this railroad subscription, coupled with a consequent move- ment, soon afterwards, to erect a new court-house in New Berlin, were the moving causes which, in 1855, caused a division of the county and the consequent removal from New Berlin of the seat of justice. November 13, 1852, the Union County Agricultural Society was formed at New Berlin. This society is in existence, and holds its annual fair upon its grounds near Lewisburgh. The first officers of the society were Jacob Gundy, president ; S. N. Worden, recording secretary ; R. V. B. Lincoln, corresponding secretary ; and Robert H. Laird, treasurer. The first fair of UNION COUNTY. 1409 the society was held at New Berlin on the 1.3th and 14th of October, 1853. Old Public Buildings. — After the removal of the seat of justice to Lewisburgh, the Legis- lature passed an act appointing Ner Middles- warth and Henry C. Eyer, of Snyder County, and John V. Barber, of Union County, com- missioners to sell, by public sale or otherwise, the court-house, jail and all the lots belonging to the county, in the borough of New Berlin, and divide the proceeds equally between the two counties. The court-house was bought by the school directors of the borough, and converted into a school building. Adjacent to the court- house stood a long, two-storied brick building, called the " State-House," in which, on the lower floor, were the offices of the prothonotary, register and recorder, county commissioners and treasurer ; and in the second story were the grand and petit jury rooms ; this was sold to Henry Seebold, who converted the State-House into dwellings. The jail was sold to John M. Taylor, who converted it into a dwelling. Industries. — Before the days of rafting lumber down the Penn's Creek were ended, a goodly number of the rafts were sold at New Berlin. At least one tannery has always been among the industries of the town ; one is now carried on by James C. Schoch, and is, perhaps, the most extensive in the county. A dam was built across Penn's Creek, and a three-storied brick flouring-mill erected here by George Orwig and George Eisenhuth. It was bought by Solomon Kleckner, who remained the owner thereof until his death, in 1837 ; it then passed into the hands of his son, Joseph Kleckner. Its successive owners since have been Dreisbach & Schoch, Stahl & Pellman, Houtz & Dunkle- berger, Albert M. Houtz and George A. Schoch. Schools.' — As early as 1800 there was a school-house, the first in the place, on Beatty's land, at northeast corner of Main and Cherry Streets. George Malick is said to have been the first teacher there. Some of his successors were Mr. McCord, 1804; John Beckman, 1806; Thomas Lehman, 1808 ; James Charlton, 1811 ; John W. Eppler, from 1812 to 1817 ; Joseph Stilwell and John Mauck, from 1817 to 1822 ; then Mr. Fields, John B. Porter, etc. About 88 1820 a stock company erected a frame building on lot belonging to the county, in the rear of the court-house. J. H Hickok was the first teacher here ; he was also the first teacher who taught the classics in New Berlin. From 1826 to 1829 Messrs. Pratt and J. G. Armstrong taught here ; in 1830 Mr. Hoge, succeeded by George A. Snyder, a son of Governor Simon Snyder, and an accomplished scholar. About 1832 John Parvin taught here for a time. He was succeeded by John St. Clair, a very learned man. After him, Henry A. Zellers, Michael H. Weaver, Hopewell Cox, Thomas Stilwell, David Hayes aud Absalom Townsend, up to about 1838. About 1824 the octagonal brick school, which stood on the Emanuel Church lot, was built by subscription. Thomas Grier was the first teacher here. Next came John B. Porter; in 1829, Shubael Strawbridge was teaching here ; from 1831 to 1836 David E. German taught here ; succeeded by Catharine Kessler ; about 1827-28, Lewis Bertram taught; in 1828-30, Lucretia Moss, and also Mrs. Grove and her daughter Sophia; in 1834— 35, a man named Crosby, said to have been an excellent scholar. A private school was kept in the second story of the court-house ; among its teachers was Aaron C. Fisher. After the borough incorporation the common-school sys- tem was adopted, school directors elected and the schools, three in number, put into operation under the common-school law, in the school- houses then existiug. Of this first school board, John Seebold, Esq., still survives ; born June 14, 1802, his erect form and elastic step would lead no one a stranger to him to suppose that the storms of more than eighty-three years had swept over him. In 1857, the school board having bought the old court-house, all the schools of the borough were centred iu that building, where they still remain. Among the common- school teachers were Catharine Kessler, Anna Miller, Lewis Kessler, Kate Horlacher, Catha- rine Swineford, Harriet Swineford, Ijizzie Ger- man, Jane Winter, Sarah Yoder, Kate Mauck, George Horlacher, Amon Shiffer, Charles Noet- ling, William Noetling, John Noetling, J. T. Smith, George Hill, Isaac King, Miss Calvin, A. G. Quinlan, Frank Weirick, Henry Aurand, 1410 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Emma Aurand, Ella Seebold, George Kessler, etc. Samuel Hermany is the veteran school director of the borough, having been in the service for twenty-six years. The Reformed Church. — Rev. Jonathan Rahauser was the first preacher of that denom- ination ; services held in the vicinity of New Ber- lin. Reverend George Geistweit succeeded him, and preached occasionally in New Berlin. From 1808 to 1810 Rev. Jacob Dieffenbach was the German Reformed preacher at Mifflinburg, and also at New Berlin. From 1812 until his death, in 1839, Rev. J. H. Fries ministered to the spiritual wants of the Reformed Church at New Berlin, preaching there statedly during all this time. In 1821 and 1822 the Emanuel Reformed and Lutheran congregations unitedly built a church, the dedication of which took place on July 31st, by Rev. Mr. Kendall, of Berks County, assisted by Revs. Shindel, Smith and Fries. This chui-ch was of brick, two- storied, with a gallery on three sides, and with a steeple surmounted by a brass-winged angel, with a trumpet in his hand. After the death of Mr. Fries, Rev. Ephraim Kieffer became tlie pastor, and after him came, successively, Revs. A. B. Caspar, Weiser, Weisz, Aurand, HofF- meyer, Seiple, Dotterer, Yearick, Kobler and Dietz, the present incumbent. In 1867, the Lutherans having decided to build a church for themselves, the Emanuel Church was remodeled and modernized. The second story was taken down, and along with it the angel and his trumpet, and it is now called the Emanuel Reformed Church. The Lutheran Church. — The first Lu- theran preacher was Rev. Ilgen, who lived near Aaronsburg, in Centre County ; he preached to the New Berlin Lutherans occasionally from 1800 to 1809. At that time Rev. J. G. Heim became the Lutheran pastor at the Dreisbach Church, in Bufialo Valley, and also preached at New Berlin luitil about 1831, when Rev. J. G. Anspach, of Mifflinburg, became the pastor of the New Berlin congregation, and remained such until 1850. From 1857 to 1860 Rev. P. Rizer was the pastor ; from 1860 to 1870, Rev. Daniel Klose; from 1870 to 1873, Rev. P. Sheeder; from 1874 to 1876, Rev. Dr. P. Sahm ; from 1876 to 1880, Rev. W. C. McCool; from 1880 to the present time (1886), Revs. A. R. Glaze and A. C. Felker. In 1867 the new Lutheran Church was built. It is an imposing .structure of brick, with a large and commodious basement. The Evangelical, Association early or- ganized a society at New Berlin, and on Febru- ary 13, 1817, the church was dedicated in the presence of a great assemblage of people. Over two hundred sleds and sleighs are said to have been in attendance. This church was situated on Water Street ; it was a wooden structure, weather-boarded and painted, and is said to have been the first church ever built by the association in America or elsewhere. It was used for the purposes of religious worship until, in 1873, it was torn down, and the material available for the purpose used in the construc- tion of the new brick church built in that year. A great deal of the old church material was manufactured into canes and other souvenirs, and other portions taken away and preserved by the brethren as relics of the first church build- ing of their denomination in the woi-ld. The Presbyterian Church. — The Pres- byterian congregation in New Berlin was organ- ized in 1841. James Merrill, John Lashells and Joseph Stilwell, elders. In 1839 or 1840, Rev. B. B. Newton came to New Berlin, and taught a High School or seminary for a year or two, and preached occasionally. In 1841 Rev. G. W. Thompson became the regularly-settled pastor, succeeded by Revs. James Williamson, W. S. Morrison, J. B. Adams, P. B> Marr, J. D. Reardon and C. E. Edwards, with occasional supplies. The New Berlin congregation has had since its organization the same pastors as the Mifflinburg and Hartleton Churches. In 1844 the Presbyterian Church at New Berlin was built, and in October of that year some small boys having gathered some shavings from the church, and set them on fire, burned down the barn of Michael Kleckner, which was near to the church, with all the hay and grain therein, and came near starting a conflagration which would have been very disastrous to the town. United Brethren Church. — TheEman- UNION COUNTY. 1411 iiel Church of the United Brethren in Christ was built in 1857, mainly through the self-sac- rificing labors of the Rev. Eusebius Hershey. It is a brick structure. The Methodist Chubch. — The Methodists used the Evangelical Church for their services uutil about 1840 or 1841, when they built a brick church for themselves. Ailer the division of the county, and the removal ot some of the members and the death of others, the society, never strong in numbers, became so small that the Methodist preachers quit preaciiing there The church had been unused for several years, when, about 1876, in a storm of wind and rain, the roof of the church was blown off and the walls so injured that they had to be taken down. The bricks were sold and used in other build- ings, and the site of the church is occupied by a dwelling-house. There is now no regularly-es- tablished Methodist society in New Berlin. Newspapers. — Upon the removal of the county offices to New Berlin, in 1815, Henry Shaup bought the Union, a paper published in Mifflinburg, and removed it to New Berlin. Hugh Maxwell started a paper there in 1815, called the Advocate. It lived about a year and a half. Frederick Wire, about 181G, started the New Bei-lin Gazette, and in 1822 sold it to Nathaniel Heurie, who changed the name to Union Times. On July 2, 1825, John Cum- mings, Jr., became its editor ; on October 1st John A. Sterrett, Esq., in 1828 John Young- man ; next, John S. Ingram to September 12, 1834; James M. Kuester to September 19th, of the same year ; Gabriel Yearich next, for sev- eral years. In 1842 it was published by Jacob Reichley & Co.. with John M. Baum as editor, and afterwards by Winter & Baum, and John M. Baum. About 1853 it passed into the hands of David H. Roush, and, upon the con- summation of the division of the county, was sold to Frank Weirick, and removed to Mid- dleburg. In 1821 Amos Stroh began a German paper under the high-sounding title of Die Stimme von Union und Union, Northumberland and Centre County Advertiser. It was Federal in its politics and died with its party. In 1828 William Carothers published the Union Hickory, which was, in May, 1829, re- moved by him to Lewisburgh. In 1828 Joseph Miller commenced the pub- lication of an Anti-Masonic paper in the German language at New Berlin, which was styled Der Anti-Freymauser Advokat und Freu7id des Freyen volks. About the same time, a paper in the English language, to advocate the cause of ijolitical Anti-Masonry, was estal)lished in New Berlin, called the Ant i- Ma sonic iStar, of which Charles Seebold, Esq., still living in New Berlin, was for some years the editor and proprietor. About 1839 the name of the paper was changed to Union Star, and passed into the hands of Israel Gutelius, Esq., then sheriff of the county. August 11, 1843, Gutelius sold the establishment to Michael H. Weaver. In December, 1844, it was published by John Smith. On July 23, 1845, Joseph Casey, Esq., assumed control of and published and edited the paper until December 17, 1845, when it was again turned over to John Smith. Smith continued to pub- lish the paper until January 12, 1848, when the names of J. S. Hauke and D. W. Woods appear as editors and proprietors. On July 14, 1848, the paper was issued in the sole name of D. W. Woods, and so remained until April 3, 1851, when the name of Adam J. Greer appears as the editor and publisher, and the name wa.s changed from Union Star to Union County Star. April 3, 1851, Adam J. Greer retires, and Merrill & Smith (George Merrill and Edward Smith) appear as the publishers and editors. March 23, 1854, William T. Leader bought the establishment and published the paper until the division of the county, iu 1855, when he sold it to Rev. Samuel Gutelius, who removed it to Mifflinburg, where it was pub- lished by him and others for a few years, when the Star forever set, and its light ceased to illumine the political horizon. John Smith published a German paper, called the Union Adler. C. Moeser published a paper called the Union Democrat. In 1855, i\\& American Flag, a Know-Nothing or Native American journal, was started by Ettinger & Quick. It existed ten months. In 1851 Tke 1412 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Volksfreund was started by F. & E. Smith. It was sold to A. J. Peters, and by him taiven to Middleburg. About 1er of students in the scientific de- partment was twenty-seven ; in elementary department, eighty-two ; in commercial depart- ment, twelve; in theological department, one, — in all, one hundred and twenty-two. Professor Baker resigned his position in March, 1879. Professor Bentz became his successor. Rev. A. E. Gobble, then professor of mathemat- ics, was appointed to the principalship, and has since continued to hold that office. Professor Cobble drew up a course of studies in 1880, which was adopted by the Educational Society. A charter was granted on the 20th of Septem- ber, 1880. Rev. Aaron Ezra Gobble, A.M., was born near Millheim, in Penn township, Centi-e Coun- ty, Pa., on the 14th of February, 1856. His ancestors are of German descent, but have been in this country for so many generations that their original home in Europe cannot be ascertained. On his father's side his ancestors can be traced to his great-great-grandfather, and on his moth- er's side to his great-grandfather, and these have both been American citizens, and, as near as we can learn, American-born. Jacob Gobble, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of the southei-u part of Bucks County, this State, and spent a good portion of his younger days in the vicinity of German bown, and later in Reading, Berks County, where he learned his trade, whicli was that of a felt-hat maker. After he was married he lived for some time in Lebanon County, but while yet a young man he moved, with his family, to Centre Coun- ty, where he continued to live to the time of his death, in February, 1868. His famil}' con- sisted of seven children, — four daughters and three sons, — of whom the youngest, Samuel, was married, in December, 1854, to Sarah, the young- est daughter of John ^Villaman, a well-known manufacturer of spinning-wheels, and grand- daughter of the Mr. Ream in whose house Rev. Jacob Albright first commenced to preach in that community, in 1805. Four children com- pleted the circle of this family, of whom the oldest, Aaron, is the subject of this narrative. Five weeks after his birth his parents moved to the old Willaman homestead, which they bought, and where they still live, about three miles from Spring Mills, and here Aaron grew up to man- hood. Living on a farm, he was put to work 1414 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. during the summer mouths as soon as he was old and strong enough to be of use; but early in \ his boyhood he already manifested quite a dis- ] taste for his father's occupation, preferring to employ his time with his lather's carpenter tools or with some book. Besides this, being frail, and often sickly, his parents were not slow to discover that their boy would never make a farmer, so they determined to send him to school. He attended the public school near his home most ready to enter college. They, however, suspected his motives, and when he did break the secret to them they were not very much sur- prised, but ready to offer him all the assistance in their power. Accordingly, he entered the sophomore class of Franklin and Marshall Col- lege, at Lancaster, in September, 1876, and grad- uated in June, 1879. In February 1879, he was licensed to preach by the East Pennsylvania Conference of the until he was fifteen years of age, and then en- tered Penn Hall Academy (now Spring Mills Academy) and prepared himself for teaching. He taught in the public schools of Centre County for four winters, and during the sum- mer months continued his studies at the acad- emy. Here he conceived the idea of a collegiate education, and at once began to take up studies preparatory to that end. Fearing opposition from his parents in this project, because they were poor, he kept it a secret until he was al- Evangelical Association. Two years later he was received into the Central Pennsylvania Conference, by which body he was ordained deacon in 1882 and elder in 1885. Immediately after graduating at college he was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Union Seminary, at New Berlin, Union County, Pa., and on August 6th he entered upon the discharge of his new duties. In this position he contin- ued only five months, when the principal, Rev. J. W. Jieutz, resigned, and Proi(:;ssor Gobble UNION COUNTY. 1415 waa uppoiuted to take hi.s place, a position he has coutiuued to occupy up to the time of this writing, September, 1885, and longer than any of his predecessors. On the 27th of June, 1882, he was married to JNIiss Kate Krausivop, of Lancaster, Pa., a daughter of William and Catharine Krauskop, who came to this country from Hohani Solms, Kreitz Weitzler, Prussia, in 1845 ; settled in Baltimore, Md., for a few years, and then came to Lancaster, where they still live. CHAPTEE XVIL LIMESTONK TOWNSHIP.i The inhabitants of the southern portion of West Buffalo township became dissatisfied with their township connections, and from 1827 to 1850 there was an almost continued agitation upon the question of the erection of a new town- ship. Sundry schemes of annexing portions of it to Buffalo, LTnion, etc., were projected and came to naught, until, in 1850, the whole sub- ject received its quietus by the erection of the township of Limestone. Some of these abortive movements will be here given. At the December session, 1827, sundry in- habitants of West Buffalo petitioned to be an- nexed to Union township, with division line to begin at or near Mitchell's LTpper Mill, thence to a point at or near Henry Sanders', thence to a point at or near John Seebold's mill. Upon this petition Simon Snyder, Peter Hiickenberg and George Aurand were apjjointed viewers, who reported to February sessions, 1828, that they had laid a line nearly as given above. This was not confirme"d by the court. At the May sessions, 1838, a petition was presented from the inhabitants of West Buffalo township, stating " that since the town of Mifflinburg has become a borough, your petition- ers have been situated between ttie lines of the township of Bufi'alo and said borough, and nearly cut off from the township they live in ; and, since the school-law has been adopted in the borough 'By R. V. B. Lincoln. of Mifflinburg, we are prevented from joining the inhabitants of West Buffalo in schooling our families. Our difficulties would be obviated if a part of the line between Buffalo and West Buffalo townships were so altered that the town- ship of Buffalo, on the north side of the Lime- stone Ridge might extend to the borough of Mifflinburg, and include your petitioners in the bounds of the township of Buffalo, beginning on the Limestone Ridge, where the line crosses between the two townships, thence along said ridge, until it intersects Conrad Moll's line, thence along said line till it intersects the borough of Mifflinburg, including William Eilert's, thence along said borough line till it strikes Buffalo Creek, thence along the creek till it strikes the line of the aforesaid townships of Buffalo and West Buffalo." The court appointed William Harris, Philip Fredericks, John Glov- er and Hugh Wilson, viewers. At the same term of court a remonstrance was presented against the annexation of the territory above- mentioned to Buffalo township. A^iewers re- ported to September sessions, 1838, to annex the territory in questit)n, which report was set aside and not confirmed. At the same court. May, 1838, a petition of tiie inhabitants of West Buffalo, Union and Hai-tley was jjresented for the formation of a new township out of parts of the above-named town- ship. The petition sets forth that " the said townships are too large to afford equal conven- iences to a great number of citizens, and more particularly on account of the Shamokin and Limestone Ridges by which nature has divided the territory, and separated the interests of the settlements on either side ; that the present situation of these townships is very unpropitious and prejudicial to the common school system, because of the difficulty in forming sub-districts and locating school-houses to the convenience of the inhabitants, and on account of those high ridges running longitudinally and forming a complete separation of interest. It is therefore the desire of your petitioners to form a new township by taking parts of the townships of Union, We,st Buffalo and Hartley." At the May sessions, 1 841 , a petition of in- habitants of West Buffalo was again presented, 1416 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. stating that they labored uutler great disadvau- I tages by reason of the great extent of territory of the township, and asking for a division of the same according to the bounds therein set forth. James Madden, Thomas Cliugan and James Dale were appointed viewers, and made report to the September sessions that they had I'un a division line forming a new township, with boundaries as follows : " Begiuning at a post where the township lines of Buflfalo and West Buffalo cross the ' officers' line ; ' thence westerly to a post on the western line of the borough of Mifflinburg ; thence along the same to a post on the officers' line on the north side of Buffalo Creek, along that line S. 78° W. 313 perches, S. 70° W. 197 perches, and W. 56 perches, S. 88° W. 384 perches, to a point between West Buffalo and Hartley townships, along the township line 502 perches to a post on line of land of Samuel Barber, along the line and the line of Thomas Barber S. 64° W. 95 perches, to a post being the corner of Thomas Barber and Michael Lawver, along the said line S. 80° W. 700 perches, to a post on line of West Buffalo and Centre townships, along the same on the top of Jack's Mountain until it intersects Penn's Creek; then^.e down said creek until it intersects the line of West Buffalo and Union townships, near Schwenk's mill, along the line N. 4°, W. 285 perches, to a post N. 14° W. 166 perches, to Sweitzer Bun, near John Seebold's mill, up the run 680 perches, to the head of John Stees' spring ; thence north to the place of begin- ning it." At September sessions, 1848, a petition was again presented from inhabitants of West Buifalo township, asking for the erection of a new township. Samuel Roush, John Gundy and John Sciirach were apj)ointed commis- sioners to view the territory. They made report at February sessions, 1849, that they met at the house of Michael Kleckner, in New Berlin, on October 29, 1848, and proceeded to form a new township as follows : " Beginning at the southwest corner of the borough of New Berlin at Penn's Creek ; thence along the borough line to the northeast corner thereof; thence north to the public road ; thence along the southeast side of the road leading from New Berlin to Lewis- burgh to the line between the townships of Union and Buffalo ; thence along the line of Buffalo township to the officers' line along said line to the borough line of Mifflinburg; thence west to the southwest corner of the borough ; thence north to the turnpike east of John Smith's; thence along the turnpike to the line between Hartley and West BuH'alo townships ; thence along the same to the Centre township line on the summit of Jack's Mountain; thence easterly along the mountain to Penn's Creek to the place of begin- ning." This report was accepted but not confirmed ; another commission was appointed, viz., James Marshall, John App and Leonard Wolfe, who made a report February 26, 1850, which was confirmed by the court and named Limestone. The territory of Limestone township is on the border of the purchase of July 6, 1754. In that year Andrew Smith lived at White Springs. Jean Jacques Le Roy (or as he was called by his English name, John Jacob King) settled at the sjjring on the place owned by Hon. Isaac Slenker, deceased. Peter Lick, after Switzer Run was called Lick Run, lived near the stream. Henry Leininger and Bastiau were neighbors of Le Roy. Jacob Breylinger lived below New Berlin, on land now owned by the Maizes. For an account of the capture of some of this family by the Indians and their ad- ventures, the reader is referred to the third chapter of the general history, page 60. Early SuR^'EYS. — On the western side of the township on Penn's Creek, a survey was made for John Harris, February 23, 1769, on a warrant of 1755. Harris sold this property to Christian Shively in 1773, who in turn conveyed it to his son Christian in 1775, who settled upon it. This embraced the " Smith improvement " made by a settler of 1754 named Andrew Smith ; next east was the Thomas Smith survey made August 12, 1775, on which Joseph Green built a mill, afterwards known as Stees' and Bellas'. John Nees was assessed in 1780 with a grist-mill, and in 1781 Joseph Green was assessed with a grist-mill and a saw-mill. Mr. Green resided about a mile east of Mifflinburg before he removed to Penn's Creek, and built his mill there. He was a surveyor and dealt largely in lands. He also took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle. On May 1, 1782, he was captain of a compau}' which wa^ out in defense of the frontier against the out- rages of the Indians. In 1784 his mill was sold from him by the sheriff; he then went further up Penn's Creek into Hartley township and built a saw-mill, afterwards Weisher's, and UNION COUNTY. 1417 died in 1802, buried at the Lewis grave-yard. Joseph Green, of Lewisburgh, is his grandson. East of Green's land came the Jesse Watson survey on warrant of October .31, 1774. Tiie Thomas Craig, north of Thomas Smitli was sur- veyed August 13, 1769, on a warrant of August 10, 1767. East of the Craig was the Thomas Paschall, surveyed October 8, 1772; east of the latter, the George Ryne, surveyed August 14, 1769. Later, Paschall Lewis owned the northern half of these two surveys, and Thomas Mathers, the southern half. The Edward Lee survey owned in 1796 by Robert Barber, Esq., called the White Springs tract, was an old improvement of 1755, owned by John Harris, and surveyed by Colonel John Armstrong in 1755, re-surveyed by William Maclay, in February, 1769. The James Wat- son was surveyed October 14, 1773, on which a saw-mill was erected in 1781, and a grist-mill in 1786, now, and for many years known as Seebold's mill. Christopher Seebold became its owner in 1793. New Berlin is located on the east end of the John Ord survey made April 10, 1769, and the west end of the George Albrecht, surveyed December 19, 1771. The David Davis, formerly the Hay farm, was surveyed June 13, 1771, and purchased by Philip Hay in February, 1773. At the north- east end of the township lay the John Philip De Haas, one of the ofScei-s' surveys made in May, 1769. Limestone township had quite a number of settlers within its bounds before the Revolution. Robert Barber, Esq., of Lancaster County, built a house at White Springs in 1772. John Scott occupied it in 1773. In the assessment of 1775 appear the follow- ing names of residents in what is Limestone township, viz : John Clarke, Joseph Green, Philip Hay, Adam Colpetzer, James Moore, George Overmier, Daniel Lewis, John jNIc- Cashon, Samuel Mathers, John Mitchell, John Nees, Andrew Pontius, John Rearich, Adam Smith, Michael Snyder, John Scott, Christian Shively, David Smith, Patrick Watson, Michael Shirtz. Robert Barber came from Yorkshire, Eng- land, about 1700, and settled at Chester, Pa. At his death he left his property to his nephews, Robert and Thomas Barber, having no children of his own. Robert, alone came to America in 1714 and took possession of his uncle's estate. He married Hannah Tid marsh, who came from England. They moved to Hempfield, now Columbia, Pa., in 1728, and purchased one thousand acres of land. He was a member of the Society of Friends and first sheriif of Ijan- caster County. His grandson, Robert Barber, moved to Buffalo Valley, about 1784, and set- tled at the White Springs, where he died. The final distribntion of his estate was made a few years ago, among sixty-eight descendants. Robert Barber, Esq., the paternal ancestor of the Barber family, in Union County, was a descendant of the Robert Barber who was the first sheriff of Lancaster County at its organiza- tion in 1729. The elder Barber owned a fine tract of land on the Susquehanna River, where the town of Columbia now stands, on which he resided and on which he erected a log jail, in anticipation of that point being selected as the county-seat for the new county. His hopes were however disappointed, the town of Lan- caster being awarded the coveted prize by the commissioners appointed for that purpose. In August, 1772, Robert Barber bought of Reu- ben Haines, the Edward Lee warrantee and im- provement and built a house at the head of White Springs and placed it in the hands of a tenant (John Scott), for a term of years (seven). In 1785 he removed to his property at White Springs, and in 1791 erected a saw-mill there, which has gone out of existence many years ago. November 29, 1792, he wa.s commissioned a justice of the peace. In 1793 he had a dis- tillery, and in 1797 built the first grist-mill on White Spring Run, still in existence. He died in 1841, in his ninety-first year. His wife was Sarah Boude, who died in 1818, aged sixty-five; both interred in the Lewis grave-yard. Their children were Thomas, Samuel, James, Robert, jSIary (married to Joseph Chambers), Sally (married to Benjamin Chambers), Elizabeth, Ellen and Hannah. The three daughters last- named never married, and all of the five died within sight of the place where they had been reared. James and Robert went West many J. W. Barber, of Miffliuburg, is a 1418 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. grandson of the Robert who moved West. Samuel Barber married Mary Vanvalzah, a daughter of Dr. Robert Vanvalzah, of BuiFalo Cross-Roads, a physician of very extensive practice. Samuel Barber was a man of posi- tive convictions, with the courage to avow and ability to defend them. He was one of the pioneers and most prominent advocates of total abstinence from alcoholic drinks in the county. He died March 24, 1846, in his sixtieth year. His wife died February 24th, one month earlier in the same year, in her fifty-sixth year ; both died of erysipelas. Thomas Barber was mar- ried to Betsey Clingan. The following extract from " Flavel Roan's Journal as quoted in Linn's Annals of Buffalo Valley," is descriptive of their wedding : "1812, March 26, Thomas Barber to Betsey Clingan ; groom came with fourteen attendants ; thirty-seven strangers, altogether. 27th, twenty strangers besides the bride and groom, break- tasted at Clingan's ; twenty-two of us left Clingan 's with the bride and . groom ; four joined us at Dr. Vanvalzah's ; went to Esquire Barber's, where there was a very large party and much dancing, although Quakers." Thomas Barber died in 1856 (April 12th), aged sev- enty-two years; his wife died in 1872 (April 5), in her eighty-sixth year. Both Thomas and Samuel Barber had parts of their father's original purchase, where they lived and reared their families. Their descendants, the majority of whom reside in Limestone township and Mifflinburg, would, if mustered together, make a respectable battalion. lu 1787 Samuel Barber lived near the mouth of Switzer Run. On his place was an old grave- yard on the blufi'near to Penn's Creek, and in it were buried many of the first settlers of that neighborhood. It was not used after 1791. Here Samuel Barker was killed in 1792, by the timbers of an old barn which he was tearing down, falling upon him. One of his daughters married William McConnell, the other a Swinehart. The property remained for some years after the death of Mr. Barber. It was subsequently owned for many years by Philip Seebold, who made it the place of his residence until his death in 1874. Robert Barber was married to Sarah Boude ; Thomas Barber to her sister, Mary Boude ; and Pasehall Lewis to Elizabeth Boude — all sisters and daughters of a highly respectable Lancaster County family, and had for his patrimony the land south of the White Springs Mill. The early settlers of this region were mistaken in their ideas of the productiveness and fertility of the soil upon which they settletl. The red shale lands and the lands adjacent to Penn's Creek were covered with a heavy growth of timber of various kinds, while the limestone clay-hills, farther back, were covered with a growth of scrubby bushes. The settlers, not unnaturally, concluded that the lands sustaining the big oaks and pines were the richer, and took them in preference to the others, and did not discover their mistake until the lapse of years revealed it. Thomas Barber died in 1827, aged sixty- eight years ; his wife in 1818, aged fifty-seven. They left two sons — John and Samuel B. — and several daughters. Samuel B. Barber was elected a county commissioner in 1835, and af- terwards was appointed a justice -of the peace by the Governor. Afterwards, about 1843, John Barber, Samuel B. Barber, James Barber, Samuel Wright, with their families, emigrated from the White Springs neighborhood to the blooming prairies of Stephenson County, 111. This exodus from Limestone was composed of sixty-three individuals of all ages ; they travel- ed with horses and wagons. Captain John Clarke, of the Revolution, lived on the first farm west of Mifflinburg, on the south side of the turnpike. He was living there before the Revolutionary War. In 1775 he is assessed with fifty acres of cultivated land, two horses, three cows, six sheep, one slave and one servant. In 1774 he was one of the grand jurors at the Northumberland County Court. In 1776 he left the valley in command of a company in Col. Philip Cole's battalion of Northumberland County Associators ; was en- gaged in some of the skirmishes with the Brit- ish subsequent to the battles of Trenton and Princeton, which had taken place before his company had joined the army of General Wash- ington. The company as such served about UNION COUNTY. U19 three and a half months. A daughter of Cap- tain Clarke was married to David Watson, an early settler in the valley. She was the mother of John C, David and William Watson, late of West Buffalo township. Captain Clarke died February 22, 1802, in his seventy-third year; his wife, Florence, died in 1807, aged seventy-six ; both buried at the Lewis grave- yard. The Clarke farm next passed into the hands of Jacob Brobst, who lived there until his death, in 1825. In 1815-16 he was a mem- ber of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and wa.s re-elected for the session of 1816-17, but became insane before the meeting of the General Assembly and did not take his seat; neither did he ever recover his reason. The following extract from a letter of Gov- ernor Snyder to George Kremer, then a rising Democratic politician of Union County, under date of November 24, 1816, has reference to the misfortune of Mr. Brobst: "I should like much to see you pitted against that fiend, Lieb, in the House of Representatives ; but un- less Brobst resigns, I cannot see hnw the Speaker could constitutionally issue a writ for the election of another. A writ of lunacy could be awarded by the court of Union County, and thereupon a writ might issue for a new election. The people might memo- rialize the House that, through mental derangement, the act of God, one of their representatives is disqual- ified to represent the wisdom of the county. This, accompanied by certificates from regular bred physi- cians,— Doctors Dougal, Van Valzah, etc., — would undoubtedly bring the question fairly before the House, and a precedent established in his case, if there is not one already, in this country or in England. But, if he has any interval of sanity, this might be embraced to procure his resignation. Thus alldifiiculty would be removed, and make room for your election, which, I suppose, would be certain if the Longstown interest does not oppose you. Whatever may be done, it will be all-important to keep out of view his having been mad before his election, or that the people were so who elected him." Mr. Brobst did not have a lucid interval, he did not resign, and Mr. Kremer was not elected. Dr. James Smith, of Mifflinburg, was married to the only child of Mr. Brobst. Dr. Smith died in 1826, leaving a widow and chil- dren. Some of his posterity have continued to own the Clarke-Brobst farm down to the present day, Mr. 0.scar W. Smith, a grandson of Dn Smith, being the present owner. Others of the Smith family reside in Hartley, liewis, Hartle- ton, Mifflinburg and other parts of the country, a.s well as in several States of the far West. George Overmeier lived about a mile west of New Berlin, where Joseph Seebold now lives. He was a member of the first grand jury of Northumberland County; was a captain in the War of the Revolution, and died in 1806. He had a large family of children. To his son Jacob he bequeathed his riHe and shot-pouch carried during the war. John Nees lived along Penn's Creek and had a small mill there, which after became Green's, Stees', Bellas', etc. There has been no mill there for many years except a saw- mill. John McCashan lived on the De Haas survey, in the northeast part of the township. John Rearick lived near Wehr's ; was one of the grand jurors at the first court of Northum- berland County, held at Fort Augusta, May, 1772. Adam Smith lived near to the Mathers place. His descendants of the third and fourth generation still occupy the old place. David Smith lived on Barber's land, and after the erection of the mill at White Springs became the first miller there. Andrew Pontius was the owner of the Le Roy place (the scene of the Indian murder of 1755), which he afterwards sold to Johu Stees. It re- mained in the Stees family for many years ; in fact, part of it is still owned and occupied by Frederick Stees, a descendant of the John Stees who purchased of Pontius. For many years John Stees carried on a distillery at this place. Philip Hoy was located east of the LeRoy or Pontius place. He came there in 1773 and in 1775 had twelve acres of land under culti- vation. His descendants still own part of his original domain. The names of Daniel Lewis and Samuel Mathers appear in the assessment of 1775. The wife of Daniel Lewis was ^Margaret Paschall, a relative of Thomas Paschall, of Philadelphia, and the owner of a great amount of land. She was married three times : first, to a man named Watson, by whom she had sons, — Jesse, James (who built the Seebold Mill) and John, all 1420 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. settling in the valley ; second, to a man named Mathers, by whom she had sons, — Samuel and Thomas Mathers, also early settlers ; and third, to Daniel Lewis, father of Paschall. In 1785 the name of Daniel Lewis disappears from the assessment lists, and that of Paschall Lewis appears in its stead. The burying-ground called Lewis' Grave-yard, takes its name from the elder LeM'is, on whose land it was mainly situ- ated. Paschall Lewis owned the farms now D. W. Pellman's, and died in 1820, aged sixty years. His cliildren were Margaret, married to Thomas Clingan, of Kelly township ; Mary, married to Samuel Wright, who, about 1843, removed to Stephenson County, 111. ; Sarah, married to James Merrill, Esq., a leading law- yer of his day ; Elizabeth, married to Robert Gander, of White Deer Mills ; and Amelia, married to Samuel Heise, of Golumbia, Pa. The Thomas Paschall and George Ryne sur- veys had been owned by Daniel Lewis, in his life-time, and remained undivided, as far as the giving of title-papers was concerned, until, in 1809, Paschall Lewis became the owner of the northern part of the tracts, and Thomas Ma- thers of the southern part. The Lewis property remained a long time after the death of Pas- chall Lewis in the occupancy of Samuel AV right, a son-in-law, who finally removed to Illinois, and the farm was sold some years afterward (1847) to Samuel Pellman, whose son, David W., is still its owner. The Mathers property is now owned by Longinus Walter, who occupies the old stone house built in 1802, and by Peter Bingaman, who has the eastern portion of the tract. John Scott was a tenant on the Barber lauds at the time of the Revolution, as was also Pat- rick Watson. The latter had his cabin on the elevated land a little east of the school-house, below the White Springs Mill. In the spring of 1780 a party of Indians made a descent upon the dwelling of Watson, shot and scalped his mother and also shot Watson through the body. Christian Shively, who lived near by, having heard the firing, went to Watson's cabin, where he found Mrs. Watson lying on the floor scalped and a dog licking her bloody head. She was still alive, but unable to speak, and in reply to his questions about Patrick, made motions which he understood to mean that Patrick had gone up the run. He, accordingly, went up the run in search of him, and foxmd him near the White Spring, where he had stopped to take a drink, not knowing that he was wounded until, in drinking, he discovered the water running out through his wound. He died in a short time. He and his mother are buried in the Lewis grave-yard, and are among the first buried there. Patrick Watson was an uncle to David, William and John C. Watson, late well-known citizens of West Buffalo township. Christian Shively, who came from Lancaster County, had purchased the John Harris survey and improvement of 1755, near the mouth of the White Spring Run, and was living there before the commencement of the war. He did not leave at the time of the big runaway of 1778, and had hoped to remain undisturbed with his fiimily at the place which he had selected as their home. He was aware, however, of the danger incurred by remaining, and on one occasion, before the murder • of Watson, having occasion to go to a so-called fort near New Berlin, he hid his wife and two children in his corn-patch, with the directions to remain there until his return. During his absence, IMrs. Shively, not feeling secure in the protec- tion of the growing corn, had left llie corn-patcii and waded over Penn's Creek, and hidden her- self and children in the thicket of bushes at the foot of Jack's Mountain, and while there in hiding, she saw two Indians going up the moun- tain at a short distance from her, but fortunately without being discovered by them. After seeing the Indians she was afraid to leave her hiding- place. Mr. Shively, after his return home, went to the corn-patch where he supposed his household treasures were concealed, and after having searched it over and over, without avail, was on the point of giving up the searcli in despair, when he heard the faint wail of a child, which seemed to come from the opposite side of the creek. He then found them and accom- panied them to their cabin. After the murder of Watson he set about making preparations for his departure from the settlement. He UNION COUNTY. 1420a buried his stove iu the soft, boggy ground which skirted the run, expecting that the day would come when he would return and exhume it. He made a raft of logs, tied together with hickory withes, upon which he placed his wife and children, and floated with them down Penn's Creek. After the war was over he returned and found some apple-trees which he had planted before his hegira, bending under their weight of fruit ; but the concealed stove foi- many years eluded all attempts to find it. Many and many a time did the old gentleman, in after-years, with stick in hand, go over the meadow prod- ding it at every point where he thought the errant stove was concealed, until at last, after many years of persisting search, it was at last struck and brought forth to the light of day. Mr. Shively lived to an extreme old age, dying in 1842J aged almost ninety-two years. He had sons, — Daniel, who moved to Ohio ; Christian, Avho moved to Clarion County, Pa. ; George, who lived and died on the old place in 1854, where Jacob S. Shively, a grandson of the settler of ante-Rev(i!utionary times, now lives; John, who died iu' 18()2, aged nearly eighty-six years, at the place on Penn's Creek, now the property of Jacob Klose, where he also had a saw-mill, now George Rarick's ; Henry, who had a tan- nery near White Spring (he was found dead). An old Indian was killed by a young girl, in what is now Limestone township, under the following circumstances : On July 14, 1780, a man named Baltzer Klinesmith, who lived on the north side of the mountain which separates Buffalo Valley from the valley in which New Berlin is situated, started to the harvest-field in company with his two daughters, Catharine and Elizabeth, aged eighteen and sixteen years, and while on the way they were met by a band of Indians, who killed and scalped the father and took the two girls prisoners, and brought them to the spring on the south side of the mountain, just outside of the boundary of the borough of New Berlin. There they stayed all night. The next day the In- dians went out on a scout, leaving the two girls in charge of an old Indian, who busied himself in cleaning and drying the bloody scalp of the murdered Kline.smith in the presence of his j daughters. After he had finished this job to his satisfaction, as it had commenced to rain, he sat down under a sapling, leaning his back against it, and directed the girls by motions to gather brush to cover a sack of flour, which stood near by, and thus protect it from the rain. Whilst the girls were thus employed the old In- dian fell asleep and began to nod. The younger girl, Elizabeth, seeing this, picked up an axe, which lay by the side of the old Indian, and, motioning to her sister to run, she sent the axe crashing into the skull and brain of the old man and ran. The old man gave a fearful yell, which was heard by the other Indians, who were on their return. The girls separated as they ran. The returning Indians espied Catharine, gave a yell and started in pursuit of her, and shot at her just as she was springing over the trunk of a prostrate tree that had been torn out by its roots. The ball entered below the right shoulder-blade and came out at her side — she bore the scars of this wound to her dying day. Finding that she was wounded and that the tree, which she had just then sprung over, af- forded a convenient hiding-place, she crept under the tree and close to it, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing and hearing the Indians pass over the tree or log under which she lay and continuing their pursuit of her. Elizabeth had in the mean time reached Beatty's harvest-field and given the alarm. The reapers, as was the custom then, had their rifles near at hand, which they immediately grasped and went in search of the Indians and Catharine. The Indians es- caped and Catharine was found ; she was much weakened from loss of blood ; but she had taken off her apron and with it stanched the blood of her wounds. She soon recovered and lived to survive two husbands. She first married Daniel Campbell, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, and had by him two children, — John, who died near Mifflinburg, and Ann, who married Samuel B. Barber, who, as before stated, moved to Illinois. Daniel Campbell died April 22, 1793. Her next husband was Robert Cham- bers, who lived at the place long owned bv Samuel Pellman, now owned by Aaron Klose. She also survived him. There are persons still living in the neighborhood of White Springs 1420b JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and in Mifflinburg who have often heard Mrs. Chambers relate with lier own lips this thrilling adventure of her youth. In 1838, Moses Van Campen, a celebrated Indian fighter, then living in the State of New York, applied to the United States government for a pension by a petition, which is full of in- terest. From this petition the following ex- tract is made, as it is very reasonably supposed to refer to the party of Indians of which the murderers of Klinesmith were a part. " In the summer of 1780 a man was taken prisoner in Buffalo and escaped. He came in and reported there were about three hundred Indians on tlie Sin- nemahoning hunting and laying in a store of provis- ions, and would make a descent on the frontiers ; that they would divide into small parties, and attack the whole chain of the frontier at the same time, on the same day. Colonel Hunter selected a party of five to reconnoitre, viz.: Captain Campbell, Peter and Michael Grove, Lieutenant Cramer and myself. The party was called the Grove party. We carried with us three weeks' provisions, and proceeded up the West Branch with much caution and care. We reached the Sinnemahoning, but made no discovery but old tracks. We marched up the Sinnemahoning so far that we were satisfied it was a false report. We returned, and a little below the Sinnemahoning, near night, we discovered a smoke. We were confident it was a party of Indians, which we must have passed by, or they got there some other way. We discovered there was a large party, how many we could not tell, but we prepared for the attack. " As soon as it was dark we new-primed our rifles, sharpened our flints, examined our tomahawk handles and all being ready, we waited with great impatience till they all lay down. The time came, and with the utmost silence we advanced, trailed our rifles in one hand, and the tomahawk in the other. The night was warm ; we found some of them rolled in their blankets a rod or two from their fires. Having got among them, we first handled our tomahawks. They rose like a dark cloud. We now fired our shots and raised the war-yell. They took to flight in the ut- most confusion, but few taking time to pick up their rifles. We remained masters of the ground and all their plunder, and took several scalps. It was a party of twenty-five or thirty, which had been down as low as Penn's Creek, and had killed and scalped two or three families. We found several scalps of diflerent ages which they had taken, and a large quantity of domestic cloth, which was carried to Northumber- land, and given to the distressed who had escaped the knife and tomahawk." In 1780 the name of Edward Tate appeans upon the assessment roll of Buffalo township. On May 6, 1782, he, being at the time a pri- vate in Captain George Overmeir's company, was shot through the foot in an engagement with the Indians, somewhere between Mifflin- burg and Wehr's tavern. "A number of the company were on a scout, and were talking at the time of the merits of their respective guns. One said he could shoot the drop from an In- dian's nose. Just at that moment the Indians, who were in ambush, fired upon them and several fell. Tate, who was wounded, ran and concealed himself. An Indian in pursuit came near to where he lay concealed, and looked over the fence, but did not discover him." — LinrCs Annals. It is said that two men, named Lee and Reznor, were killed at the time, and that their bodies were taken over to Captain Over- meir's, near New Berlin, and buried in the old grave-yard near Penn's Creek. Edward Tate died in Miiflinburg — or Youngmanstown, as it was then called — in 1794. His son William, who was married to a daughter of Hugh Beatty, died in Hartley township in 1859, about a mile and a half north of Hartleton, where he had lived for a number of years, and had erected a saw-mill, still in existence. Between 1775 and 1778 Eobert Chambers, from the neighborhood of Chambersburg, in Franklin County (then Cumberland), became the owner of the land which is now embraced in the Aaron Klose, Benjamin Chambers, Jo- seph Chambers and William Chambers farms. A cabin was erected, and some patches cleared and cultivated; but, owing to the uncertainty of affairs and the disturbed condition of the country, he did not reside there himself per- manently, and did not bring to his new home his wife and daughters and younger sons. His son James was one of the patrols who were killed by the Indians in their attack on French Jacob's mill, at the foot of the Brush Valley Narrows, in May, 1780. Before the close of the war Mr. Chambers died, and was buried in Cumberland County. His sons, Robert, Benjamin and Joseph, after the restoration of tranquillity, came up to Limestone, and had the property divided between them. Their mother died in 1797, and is buried in the UNION COUNTY. 1420c Lewis grave-yard. Robert {2cl) had what is now the Aaron Klose farm; he died in 1825. His children were ^lary (married to Joseph Mnsser, Esq., of Mifflinburaj ; they moved to the West), Rebecca (married to John A. Van Valzah, Esq.; both dead) and Robert (who also went West). Joseph Chambers had the farms now owned by William Chambers and Joseph Chambers. His children were Robert, Sally, Rebecca, Ben- jamin, Thomas, Samuel, Joseph, Mary, Pas- chall and Ellen. Of the sons, Robert, Benja- min, Thomas, Samuel and Paschall removed to Stephenson County, 111., as did also the daugh- tei', Mary, married to Joseph Hayes. The daughters, Sally and Rebecca, died in Union County. Ellen is the wife of Robert Foster, of West Buffalo. Joseph and his son, William, are the owners of the old Joseph Chambers farm. Benjamin's share of his father's land was where his youngest son, Benjamin, lived until about 1883, and which he still owns. Benja- min's sons were James (the venerable presi- dent of the MifEinburg Bank, still living), Robert (who died near Mifflinburg in 1864), and Benjamin (living just outside of the bor- ough of Mifdinburg, in Limestone township). His daughters were Mary, Elizabeth and Sally (living in Miiflinburg); Rhoda (who was married to Thomas Alartin) ; Caroline (mar- ried to Andrew Forster) and Keziah (married io George N. Youngman, Esq., of Mifflinburg). In 1799 Henry Sanders came from Lancas- ter County, and settled in Limestone township, about a mile below the Centreville bridge, where a Sanders has been livins ever since, his grandson, Jonathan Sanders, being the present proprietor. Mr. Sanders died in 1850, aged eighty-two years. His sons were Henry, David, John and Jacob. David moved to Western Pennsylvania, where he died, in 1878 ; John died in Snyder County, Pa., in 1876 ; Jacob removed to Sandusky County, Ohio. Henry Sanders, Jr., succeeded his father in the ownership of the family home ; was elected a commissioner of Union County in 1844, and died Januarv 11, 1870, aged seventv-four vears. His children, all of whom reside in Union and Snyder Counties, are Joseph, living in Lewis township; Jonathan, in Limestone; Jacob, in New Berlin; Henry K., in Centreville, Snyder County, Pa. ; Mary, married to Daniel Reber, of Limestone; and Catherine, widow of Smith, in New Berlin. In 1812 Simon Wehr commenced to keep tavern at the place ever since known as Wehr's. The township elections are held here, but of late years the tavern has been discontinued. His son, Peter Wehr, still occupies the old tav- ern as a farm-house. Solomon Kleckner, in 1793, bought one- fourth of the Captain Irvine tract (one of the officers' surveys), where his sou George died. The place was sold in 1835 to William Forster (now Dr. William F. Seebold's). He was also the owner of several farms in the eastern part of the township, south of the Limestone Ridge, in the neighborhood of the Hoys, where he died in 1837, aged seventy-two years. He was also the owner, for many years, of the mill at New Berlin. Several of his sons went West. His son Jacob died on the old homestead ; William K. died near Vicksburg, leaving sous and daughters resident in the county ; Michael has been for more than fifty years a resident of New Berlin (he served as county treasurer from 1841 to 1843, county commissioner from 1864 to 1867 and sheriff from 1870 to 1873). In 1793 Christopher Seebold became the owner of the mill built by James Watson. This mill has been owned by a Seebold ever since that time. Christopher Seebold was a native of the kingdom of Wiirtemberg, and was brought to America when a child seven years old. He came from what is now Lebanon County, Pa., to Union County, and died in 1814, at the age of seventy-three; buried at New Berlin. He had two sons, John and Christopher. John became the owner of the mill, which is still in the hands of his posterity. Christopher kept a tavern in New Berlin and was the owner of the lots on which the court- house and offices for the county of Union were located at the time New Berlin was chosen as the county-seat for the new county of Union. In 1813 he was appointed a justice of the peace. In 1820 he was elected county treasurer l-t20d JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of the county. He had three sons and six daughters — Betsy, married to Long, Polly, married to Pontius, and Catharine, married to Hummel, all moved to the West ; Nancy and Sally both died in 1824, at New Berlin; Han- nah, the youngest, was married to Abraham Schoch, a resident of New Berlin. M. L. Schoch, Esq., is their son. The sons of the second Christopher were Philip, Christopher and John. The last-named is still living in New Berlin in his eighty-third year, the oldest man in the borough. His step is still elastic, his intellect unimpaired and health good. Philip was sheriif of the county from 1825 to 1828, and died in 1874, at the age of eighty-six, leaving a large family of sons and daughters. Christopher died a few 3'ears ago at an advanced age. Philip and Christopher lived on adjoining farms about one and a half miles west of New Berlin. The Pellmau family is of Dutch origin. Conrad Cornelius Pellman was born in Gelder- land, Holland, in 1751, and came to America toward the close of the Revolutionary War. He was a physician, settled in Berks County, Pa., and there followed his profession and mar- ried Mary Kline, and died there December 29, 1803, in his fifty-third year, leaving a widow and six sons — Samuel, Cornelius, Charles, John, David and George — and two daughters, — Re- becca, married to Michael K. Boyer, of Reading, Pa. ; and Maria, married to Lutz, of West Buffalo township. Union County. Cornelius came to Union County about 1825, and finally settled in Limestone township. He died in New Berlin in 1884. Samuel Pellman was born in Amity township, Berks County, Pa., September 23, 1794 ; learn- ed the trade of a blacksmith, and followed that vocation, varied with an occasional term of teaching school, until his marriage with Mary Wolf, of Hamburg, Berks County, Pa. He then went to farming in Berks County, and after a few years spent there in that business removed to the Robert Chambers farm, in Lime- stone township, which he purchased in 1832. In 18(j(3 he retired from his farm toMiflflinburg, and died there in 1875, July 25th, iu his eighty- first year. His sons were David W., living iu Limestone, on the Paschall Lewis farm ; Lewis C, living in Hartleton ; and Oliver K., who died before his father, leaving one son. His daughters were Helen, married to Robert V. Glover, of Hartleton ; Anna M., married to Richard V. B. Lincoln, of Hartley; and Rebec- ca, married to James Glover, Esq., also of Hart- ley. There was a mill on Peun's Creek, on what is now Mr. Spangler's farm, which went by the name of Mitchell's Upper Mill ; it was also for some years known as Schwenk's. The mill has been torn down for many years, and all vestiges of it have disappeared. There was also another mill on Penu's Creek, about half a mile above New Berlin, known at different periods in its history as Long's, Pellman's and Mitchell's Lower i\Iill. This mill also has ceased operations for a number of years, but the building is still in existence. Schools. — Those persons in the eastern part of the township sent their children to Dreis- bach's Church, where a school-house was built at an early day. There was a school-house built before 1800 near White Spring Mill. Alexander Templeton, John Holmes and Rob- ert Taylor taught here. About 1820 another school-house was built on the same lot, which was given by Robert Barber, Esq. This school- house was considered a model in its day. John H. Hickok, an excellent teacher, de- signed it. This school-house at White Springs was built with a dwelling in the one end for the teacher. Among the teachers here were George N. Youngman, Michael H. Weaver, David Mizener and Charles Hill. There was a sciiool- hou.se where Philip Deafer now lives. The free schools were put in operation iu 1837, and sev- eral school-houses were built by Samuel Hoover — at Stees', near Centreville Bridge, and one about midway between New Berlin and Centre- ville Bridge. The directors built two houses to take the place of the old one at White Springs, one on the road from White Springs Mill to Penn's Creek, the other on the western end of D. W. Pellman's farm. Tiiere are now seven .school-houses in the township. Churches. — No denomination of Christians has a church in Limestone except tiie German UNION COUNTY. 1420e Baptist Diinkers, who, in 18(54, built one about two miles west of ]MitHinburg. It has a base- ment, in which is the culinary department, and an attic fitted up as a dormitory for the accom- modation of brethren from a distance on the recurrence of the annual love-feasts. The Presbyterians and Methodists have their church connections mostly at Mitilinburg. The Reformed and Lutheran members go to Mifflin- burg. New Berlin or Centreville. Preachers of the Evangelical Association preach in the White Springs School-house. There is no post-office in the township. There was one, at one time, at White Springs, between 18(50 and 1865, but it was discontinued. S. C. Wilt, of Hartleton, and J. Boude Bar- ber, a son of Robert Earlier, Jr., kept a store at White Springs in 1833, but soon discontinued it; in 1860 Joseph S. Raudenbush started a store there, but in a few years removed to Vicks- burg. J. Newton Chambers is the present mer- chant there. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SAMUEL PELLMAX. Among the early settlers of Berks County, Pa., was Dr. Conrad Pellman, who was born February 2, 1751, in Vankum, Holland. His father, Arnold Pellman, was born near Maas- tricht, Holland, whose wife was Maria Van den Vaero, who was born in Grubben Vorst, Gel- derland. They died, and were buried in Meerloe, Holland. Conrad Pellman studied medicine at the College of Surgeons, in Amster- dam, Holland, and served as " surgeon to the Regiment of Yagers in the service of his Serene Highness, the Mangrave of Anspach, in the sub- sidies of Great Britain during the war in America." As shown by memorials and cer- tificates (now in possession of the family) given by men high in authority in the English gov- ernment, he was a surgeon of ability and note, and intended at the close of his service settling in Nova Scotia. He returned with his regiment to Holland in 1783, and two years after sailed from Amsterdam to America, landing, it is be- lieved, in New York. He at once went to Berks County and commenced the practice of his profession. He took the oath of allegiance in Oley township on the 10th day of October, 1786. He was a skillful surseou and success- ful physician, and continued in practice in Berks County until his death, which occurred December 29, 1803. On the 19th day of Sep- tember, 1786, he married Miss jNIary Kline, who was born in Amity township, Berks County, November 30, 1763, and died in Union County, January 29, 1850. Their children were John, Jacob, David, Samuel, George K., Charles, Maria, Cornelius and Rebecca ; the last named was married to Michael K.Boyer, still liv- ing in Reading, Pa. David served in the United States navy in the War of 1812, and in 1815 shipped in the merchant marine and sailed, sincewhen nothing has been heard of him orthe vessel. Samuel Pellman, of whom this sketch is written, was born in Amity townshij), Berks County, September 23, 1794. He grew to manhood in his native township and after the death of his father resided with his uncle, Abraham Kline. He attended the district school during his boyhood, and after becoming of age spent some time at the Reading schools, thus becoming a good scholar for that day. He learned the trade of blacksmithing, and followed the business in Amity township, Berks County, for several years. He then purchased a farm in the above-named township, on which he re- sided until 1832, when he sold his Berks County property and came to Union County and purchased of the estate of Robert Chambers, in Limestone township, the farm now owned by Aaron Klose, and on which he resided many years. As a farmer, Mr. Pellman was very successful, and, although he never engaged ia any other biLsiness, he made a fortune, which, for his time, was considered a very large one, and his success was abundant proof that in the pursuit of agriculture, as in any other pursuit, strict attention to business and intelligently ap- plied labor would re£y) a rich reward. As a business man, his honor and integrity were never questioned ; as neighbor and friend, his memory is still held in high esteem ; in polities he was a Democrat, but never a politician, his 1420f JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. time and energies being given entirely to his family and bis business interests. For many yeai's he was a member of the Lutheran Church, and died in that faith on the 25th day of July, 1875. On the 6th day of February, 1825, he was joined by marriage to Miss Mary Wolff", who was born^August 19,1 806, in Berks County, Pa., and was daughter of Abraham and Re- becca (Shatz) Wolff, whose ancestors originally <2ame from Germany, and were among the early settlers of Berks County. To Mr. and Mrs. P., Richard V. B., Jr., and Annie R. Rebecca, born June 9, 183-3; died March 11, 1873; married, 1859, James Glover ; children of Re- becca are Anna M., Laura, Charles P., Oliver W. H. and Lewis. Lewis C, born July 13, 1835, married Miss Lena Hockman; one child, Mary. Oliver K., born February 27, 1839; married, December 5, 1865, Miss Sallie S. Swengel ; one child, Oliver K. j^,^/^ S^^^^^^^^ Pellman were born six children, viz., — Helen, born May 3, 1827 ; married, March 11, 1852, to Robert V. Glover ; her children are Horace P., James, Oliver, Mary E., Samuel P., Jolin Newton and David L. David, W., born March 16, 1829; married October 12, 18.54, Miss Matilda Reber; their children are Mary A., Ada L., Minerva J., and Helen C?. Anna, born May 29, 1831; married, August 15, 1852, Richard V. B. Lincoln; children — John W., Samuel P., Mark H., Hannah M., Louis OLIVER K. PELLMAN. Oliver K. Pellman was born in Limestone township. Union County, Pa., on the 27th day of February, 1 839. Reared on the farm whereon he was born, by indulgent parents, whose young- est son he was, he was taught that labor was honorable, and that fortune and success were obtained only by earnest effort, and that industry and integrity were the only sure foun- dations for both. His boyliood days were spent in working on the farm and attending the dis- UNION COUNTY. 1420g Wheu - trict school in his neighborhood, years old he was sent to the Miltlinburg Acad- emy, then presided over by Dr. Fisher. His attendance at the academy was marked by stu- dious habits and by being among the foremost in his classes. His predilections were in favor of a professional life, and he would have chosen the medical jirofession had he followed the dictates of his own inclinations ; but his father's desire was to see him a successful farmer, and, in deference to his father's wishes, Oliver decided ^Ir. Pellman is spoken of as one of the most popular and higiily-esteemed young men of his time, and his early death was mourned and deeply regretted by all. On the 5th day of December., A. D. 1865, he was joined in mar- riage to Miss Sallie S., daughter of John and Sarah (Miller) Swengel, who was born in Frank- lin township, Snyder County, Pa., April 24, 1837. To them was bora one child, Oliver K., on the 25th day of December, 1866. Mrs. Oli- ver K. Pellman is a descendant of an old fam- CXj^c-O'-fi-*- t-^C^, t/C-^^^U^to—Q^tt-^ that in agricultural pursuits he would at least find fortune and happiness. After graduating at the academy he taught school several terms, and as a teacher was very successful. After his marriage he succeeded his father in the posses- sion of the home farm, wliich he carried on suc- cessfully until his death, which occurred on the 30th day of October, 1867. In early youth he became a member of the Lutheran Church, then in charge of Rev. J. G. Anspach. He was a fine tenor-singer, and was for years, and up to the time of his death, a member of the choir. ily of Snyder County (formerly Union County), the Swengel family having been residents there- of for many years. Her father, John Swengel, was born in what is now Snyder County in 1805, and died in 1875. He was twice married; his first wife was Miss Sarah Miller, to whom was born Charles P., who is an ore-dealer in Centre County, and married Jane Vallerschamp, of New Berlin, Pa.; David T., who is a dentist of prominence in Aberdeen, D. T. (he is a graduate of Baltimore Dental College) ; Sarah, the wife of O. K. Pellman; and John G. M., 1420h JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. who is minister of the gospel in the Evangel- ical Church, and is in charge of Lock Haven Circuit. He is married to Miss Jemima Dunkel daughter of Martin Dunkel, of Buffalo Valley. Mr. Swengel's second wife's name was Sarah Frantz, to whom was born Uriah F., who- is also a minister of the gospel, and is one of the editors of the English Sunday-school literature of the Evangelical Church ; Edwin, also a min- ister of the gospel, in charge at Newport, Per- ry County, Pa. (he married Martha Diehl, of Light Street, Columbia County, Pa.); Mary J., married to P. McMands, of Philadelphia ; Esther L., unmarried and living with her moth- er ; Ada S., married to W. F. Brown, of the firm of Brown & Dunkel, of Lewisburgh, Pa. ; Amon W., who is also a minister of the gospel in the Evangelical' Church, and is now located in Nittany Valley Circuit, Centre County, and is unmarried. CHAPTER XVIII. GREGG TOWNSHIP. Gregg appears as Gregg in March, 1865, by act of Assembly, March 21, 1865. It was "Brady" before that. At September term, 1865, petition was made for appointment of constables and overseers, school directors and auditors. The more particular account of its erection is given in the general account of the formation of the county. The valley has been designated White Deer Hole Valley — the singular fact being that there is a White Deer Creek and a White Deer Hole Creek, which has a humorous derivation, how- ever authentic. But, no doubt, the pools in the creek were the real origin. After crossing the ridge, now by a winding, hilly road, — it used to be by a precipitous road along the river, which the railroad now occu- pies,— we come in on the settlement made, in 1787, by John Foley, who came from Tewksbury township, Hunterdon County, N. J., with a wife and seven children — -Jacob, Bar- bara, , John, David, Naomi and Fanny. He built a log cabin about two hundred feet from where the dwelling-house of the late Charles Gudykunst stands, and within four or five years built the first grist-mill, with but one pair of grinding-stones. He went back to New Jersey in 1800, but returned, and died here in 1822, at the age of seventy. Farley was a millwright. The Tinbrookes purchased all the lands about the mouth of the creek, and Ludwig Stitzel purchased from Tinbrooke. He built an oil-mill and forge, and commenced to erect a new mill in 1820, about which time he died. Charles S. Gudykunst, his son-in-law, completed it. The forge was in operation until 1828, and the oil-mill until 1830, when it was changed to a clover-mill. Gudykunst died in 1866, and the mill was taken in partition by James Gudykunst, and by him sold to John H. Follmer, who remodeled it into a roller-mill in 1883. The forge was turned into a distillery and used as such for about five years. Thomas Weisner occupied a cabin on the river-bank, near where the bridge at Union- town now crosses the river Susquehanna, about half a mile north of Rachel Weeks'. John Rumsey, occupied a cabin on the river- bank, north of Weisner's, and had a wife and nine children, and a small farm here. George Gray occupied a cabin on the river- bank, about three-quarters of a mile north of Rumsey's, and had a wife and three children. Marcus Huling occupied a cabin on the river-bank, about three hundred yards north of Gray's, and had a wife and five children. He talked English, and was a blacksmith. He He afterwards moved to New York State. He is supposed to have been a cousin of Mar- cus Huling, who lived at Milton. Cornelius Vanfleet, a New Jerseyman, occu- pied a cabin that stood on the White Deer Hole Creek, a little west of the Widow Weeks'. He acted as a justice of the peace for many years, and died here on the 7th of December, 1841, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. His remains lie buried in the Presbyterian grave- yard. Peter Dougherty, an Irishman, occupied a cabin on the White Deer Hole Creek, about a mile and a quarter above the mouth of the creek. He had a wife and children, and after- wards moved. UNION COUNTY, 1420 Eleanor Brown, commonly called "Nellie Brown," was the widow of Matthew Brown, already noticed, and occupied a cabin on the White Deer Hole Greek, about two and a half miles west of its mouth. She died at her son's, William Brown's, cabin, that stood about half a mile west of her own cabin, on the 9th of August, 18-4-1:, and her descendants are still found in this valley and its adjacent parts. Samuel Swan occupied a cabin that stood about two hundred and thirteen yards due west of Eleanor Brown's. Swan talked Eng- lish, had a wife and children and afterwards moved away to parts unknown. Seth McCormick, an Irishman, occupied a cabin on South Creek, a branch of White Deer Hole Creek, about a mile west of Swan's cabin. He died here on the 17th of January, 1835, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His remains lie buried in the old Presbyterian (now Luth- eran) grave-yard, at the "stone church," on the southwest side of Penny Hill. He left a wife and nine children, and his descendants are still living here, and occupy a part of their ancestor's estate. Thomas McCormick, an Irishman, and a brother of Seth's, occupied a cabin on South Creek, about half a mile from Seth's. He seems to have acted as a justice of the peace for some years. He died on the 6th of October, 1826, aged seventy-two years, and his remains also lie buried in the old grave-yard, near the above ' stone church." Jesse Weeks, a son of the Widow Weeks, already noticed, occupied a cabin that stood on the north side of " Spring Creek," the northern branch of White Deer Hole Creek, and about four miles west of its junction with "South Creek." Jesse Weeks died here. Daniel Sunderland, an Englishman, occupied a cabin that stood a mile farther up on Spring Creek, and died there. The whole valley contains about thirteen thousand acres, and the warrants were sur- veyed very early. The list shows that the whole basin was appropriated before 1800, but the earhest were by the mountain-sides and springs. Now, having a breadth of arable land Originai. Surveys of Gregg Township. WARRANTEE. John Adlum . . James Bell . . . Bernard Boner . Mathew Brown . John Buyers . . Fnincls Connelly S. Cbambere . . George Casner . William Christie Isaac Cox . . . William Coburn John Coates . . Beryamin Dean . 31. Dieffenderfer Pavid Duncan . John Eason . . . John Farley . . Fred. Fullmer Fred. Fullmer . William Gray . . Jacob Grove . . Wm. Husbands . N. Harris .... Joseph Harris. . John Hansel . . Wm. Haneson . William Howell . Kobei-t Iredell . James Jack . . . Kobert Long . . Edward 5Iilner . Margaret Miller Philip Miller . . J. Jlitcheltree . William Nand . I Samuel O.aks . . I James Parkinson Daniel Ryan . , Henry Biggie . Samuel Scott . . Richard Steel . . Mary Stevens . . Daniel Smith . . Rachel Stephen . Thomas Wallis . John Wright NO. OF WAR, 265 275 2519 1750 1072 1246 3276 Samuel Wheeler 276 828 .■5753 DATE OF WAR. May 11, 1786. April 3, 1760. April 3, 1769. June 24, 1776. July 1, 1784. April 3, 1769. Feb. 9, 1785. Aug. 26, 17G9. Sept. 11,1772. April 3, 1769. Sept. 9, 1788. April 10, 1775. 3754 2224 21t April 7, 1776. April 3, 1709. June 18, 1788. Sept. 9, 1814. Jufy 13, 1796. Jan. 14, 1796. Sept. 18, 1794. April 3, 1769. April 3, 1709. April 3, Sept. 18, Sept. 18, July 25, April 3, April 4, April 3, May 23, May 13, May 31, July 1, Aug. 26, Feb. 1, Oct. 12, April 3, May 13, May 2, April 3, Aug. 20, May 2, Aug. 20, April 3, April 3, April 3, 1769. 1794. 1794. 1787. 1769. 1771. 1769. 1769. 1785. 1785. 1784. 1769. 1808. 1784. 1709. 1786. 1794. 1709. 1769. 1794. 1709. 1709. 1769. 1769. DATE OF SURVEY. Dec. 20, 1809. re. Nov. 8, 1862 June 8, 1770. Dec. 4, 1800. July 28, 1791. June 7, 1770. June 15, 1785. Dec. 6, 1784. Nov. 23, 1772. June 24, 1769. April 15, 1814. Aug. 24, 1788. re. May 13,1791, Sept. 17, 1771. May 30, 1770. April 9, 1790. March 10, 1815. Sept. 20, 1809. Sept. 12, 1798. April 7, 1795. Sept. 12, 1771. June 17, 1770. Jimel5,1770. June 5, 1770. April 7, 1795. April 7, 1795. April 9, 1790, June 30, 1769. Nov. 22. 1772. Aug. 15, 1769. June 4, 1770. June 9, 1785. June 9, 1785. Dec. 4, 1800. Dec. 6, 1784. Feb. 9, 1811. ; June 21, 1800. j June 27, 1769. June 9, 1786. April 7, 1795. I May 30, 1770. I Dec. 17, 1784. April 7, 1795. Sept. 7, 1784. I June 6, 1770. June 30, 1709. June 30, 1769. 62 141 322 162 47 262 403 327 3U9 229 93 75 320 293 265 474 309 108 424 185 318 276 320 406 400 464 130 309 276 185 403 358 168 380 40 428 106 403 401 317 208 436 238 313 278 279 12 'ua' 36 72' Va. % 2 2 OUTLINE MAP OF GREGG TOWNSHIP. 1420J JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of great fertility and beauty, the dells and ravines of the circling mountains are studded with the ruins of cabins whose existence is little known and rarely seen except by the hunter. Near the mouth of the White Deer Hole Creek there are now the mills of the Allenwood Lumber Company, the members of which are H. P. Allen, H. C. McCormick, J. M. Dunbar and John Moore, with a capacity of cutting forty thousand feet a day. The village of Allenwood, just above this, was laid out by John McCurdy, June 1, 1815, under the name of Uniontown. As a post- office, its original name was White Deer, then Slifer, Cairo and now Allenwood, the latter after H. P. Allen, who laid out an addition to the place of eighty lots, the same year as the extension of the Catawissa and Williamsport Kailroad was made through the place. The station and post-office, as well as the village, generally, is known by that name. The father of H. P. Allen, Isaac Allen, married to Jane Piatt, moved to the place in May, 1831. Mrs. Allen died October, 1871, aged eighty-four. The old store-room was built by Heylman in 1831, and in it were a number of successive keepers, — Daniel Wetzel, Oscar and Doctor Hammond, Charles Hill, Hill & Bowr. Allen commenced keeping store in 1861. In 1880 he built a very handsome and commodious store. The village contains now forty houses, includ- ing two stores and one tavern, and two hundred inhabitants. The Allenwood Planing-Mill Company has been organized with a capital of ten thousand dollars, to be located near the railroad, for which a charter as a joint-stock company has been asked. J. Frank Hagenbuch, president ; A. Armstrong, treasurer ; directors, J. J. Lowe, J. B. Foresman, W. B. Else, Joseph Gould and H. P. Allen. The postmasters were Hugh Donnelly, Samuel Hartzell, Mary Kremer ; in 1861 Thomas Arbuckle, who served until his death, and his daughter Mary holds the position yet. Among the physicians were Drs. AValker, Mathew, Gett, William Ludwig, Charles Ludwig, Uriah Reed, John Murray, Euss, Steese, William U. Truckenmiller, Dr. Metzgar, the latter up in the valley. The bridge was built in 1852 and there were 1049 shares at $25 per share,— $26,225, the original cost. It was partially swept away in 1865 and rebuilt at a cost of $13,112. The board are William Maclease (president), M. C. Piatt (secretary), John Tate, C. L. Gudykunst, W. P. Allen, Thompson Bauer, H. P. Allen (treasurer). The beautiful Union Cemetery, which crowns the hill, was laid out by W. F. Campbell and Frank Hagenbuch, under a charter obtain- ed from the court. The store at the foot of the hill was built for George Swope, and after him refitted handsome- ly by Campbell & Hagenbuch, succeeded by Galloway and Meek, the present occupants. SPRING GARDEN. Here Frederick Follmer had a saw- mill, where the house of Mathew Homier now stands. He built the first grist-mill. David Hunter boucjht from Frederick Foil- mer in 1820. John Hunter, Esq., in 1828 bought of the heirs of David Hunter ; he rebuilt and enlarged the mill in 1835. Lawrence Hayes bought of John Hunter in 1860, and owned it for several years. It passed to John Bower, to William Follmer, and in 1868 he sold it to Abram S. Sypher, who remodeled it in 1878, and now owns it. T. I. Meek, an enterprising merchant, has a store here. Matthew Brown came from Scotland to Amer- ica about 1765, served as a soldier in the Rev- olution and returned to White Deer Valley and died of camp fever in 1777. His wife was Eleanor Lytic. The remains of Matthew Brown lie buried in a field north of the house of Lenard G. Meek, in Gregg township. He owned about eight hundred acres in the centre of the valley, comprising the farms of Haag Tulmer, Pawling, Moore, Whitzel and Meeks, etc. His son, John Brown, known as Esquire or Captain Brown, succeeded to his estate and lived where the widow of C. S. Pawling, Esq., ' UNION COUNTY. 1420k now lives ; was a captain of the militia in 1807 ; had four sons, — Matthew, Eobert, William and Thomas. Thomas had two sisters born with him, — Sarah and Elizabeth. Sarah married Isaac Smith and moved to Wisconsin ; both died on the same day and are buried in the same grave. Elizabeth married Hon. David B. Montgomery, of Northumberland County. Matthew married Eleanor Collins ; afterwards married Nancy Tate, sister of- John Tate, Esq., of Gregg. Robert married Susan Fisher. William married Hish Hill. Thomas lives in Ohio. Robert always lived in Gregg, at Allen- wood ; kept store ; was born December 28, 1803 ; died May 24, 1884. His sons were John C, George W., Robert, William, Charles, Peter, and one daughter, Victoria. Robert married Annie M. Gudykunst and is now a commissioner of Union County. Elder John Brown came from Ireland ; married the abandoned wife of Samuel Swan ; had three sons ; James and John studied for the ministry; George prepared for the prac- tice of medicine, and married Margaret Dougal, a daughter of Dr. Dougal, of Milton, who later married John Hunter, Esq. David Hunter came from County Donegal, Ireland, to Juniata County, and there mari'ied Isabella Patterson, who was a daughter of General William Patterson, of Indian war fame. Came to White Deer Valley in 1820, and set- tled at Spring Garden Mills. His children were John, James, David, ilargaret, Kath- erine and Isabella. John married Margaret Dougal, widow of Dr. G. W. Brown ; James married Margaret Montgomery ; David mar- ried Maria Satterly, and lives at Watsontown ; Margaret married Alen Marr, of Milton — all dead; Catherine married Thomas Comley, of Milton — both dead ; Isabella married Jacob Derr, of Lewisburgh — both dead. John's family was W. S. Hunter, married Elizabeth McCormick ; Horatio D., married Sallie Cooner, of AVatertown ; Isabella married Rev. J. G. Miles ; Margaret married E. S. Gudykunst, Esq. ; Maria S. married David Watson. Samuel Oakes came to White Deer Valley in 17S5, from Chester County, Pa. Bought about one thousand acres in the centre of Gregg township. He had six sons and three daughters. Elizabet|;i Oakes, his daughter, married William Schooley, who came, about the same time, from Schooley 's Mountain, N. J. William Schooley owned several hundred acres about a half-mile west of Allenwood. He was a school-teacher and factotum. He had twelve children, — Mary married George Foresman ; John married Nancy Comley ; Elizabeth ; Mar- garet married Joseph McCormick ; Samuel mar- ried Elvina Moore ; Christiana married James Snoddy, Sr. ; William married Isabel Snoddy ; Joseph married Elizabeth Oakes — both dead ; Lucy married Fullmer Donaldson; Benjamin; Hannah married Samuel S. Pauline ; Andrew J. married Mollie Silliman. Martin Shellabarger came, in 1800, from the lower counties, and bought one thousand acres back of Alvira. One of his sons mar- ried an Oakes, and their son is Hon. David Shellabarger, a prominent lawyer of Washing- ton, D. C. Mr. Shellabarger is now living in the township. James Snoddy came from County Londonder- ry, Ireland, about 18(J(3,with his wife,whose mai- den-name was Mary Owens ; she was the daugh- ter of a Scotch gentleman. They first settled in Chester County; then lived a few years in Buffalo Valley ; then moved to White Deer, and settled on the farm John H. Schooley now resides upon. They and their ancestors are noted for their longevity, usually reaching, from ninety-seven to one hundred and six years. James and Mary had three sons — Samuel, William and James; six daughters — Margaret, Rachel, Mary, Martha, Katherineand Isabella. James married Christiana Schooley ; one of their sons is Colonel W. W. S. Snoddy, a prominent lawyer of Sedalia, Mo. Samuel married Susan Kuhns, and have a son — Jv Donaldson Snoddy, an attorney in Kansas; William married Ann Irwin ; Margaret mar- ried James Ellis ; Rachel married Daniel Lytle; Mary married Thomas Silliman ; Martha mar- ried Benjamin Kelly ; Katharine married John W. Henry, of Philadelphia. Thomas. Silliman came from County Antrim, Ireland, in 1761 or 176-3, and settled in Lower 14201 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Bethel township, Northampton County, Pa. Here he married Mary Meaddagh, who was of Dutch descent. Thomasi father was a captain in the naval service of Ireland. From North- ampton County he came to this valley in 1795, and bought one thousand acres in what is now Gregg. His lands lay along South Creek. He had two sons, Thomas and Alexander. Thomas was born August 29, 1799, and is still living, in good health. Alexander was born in 1801 (now dead). Thomas is noted for his sturdy physical constitution and wonderfully retentive memory. The Sillimans were all noted for mus- cular strength and endurance and strength of mind. ALVIRA. John Eason came from the lower counties and settled on the farm now occupied by the Foresmau brothers, at Alvira. He owned the lands where Alvira now stands ; had the lands cleared by 1812. He was the first settler in the section and lived to be an old man. He had two sons, — John, who never married, and Samuel, who married Cynthia McCormick, and died near the mouth of South Creek. Brouse and Landis came with Eason and settled on lands adjoining his. Henry Wise, a shoemaker, came in an early day and worked at his trade in the same shop now occupied by Buss for the same purpose. The cutters settled in the early part of this century back of Alvira. William Cutter, a son, married Isabel Nel- son, a daughter of John Eason, and was the grandfather of the Meeks now living in Gregg. The first tavern in Uniontown, as then called, was kept by John McCurdy along about 1808 or 1809. It stood where the post-office now stands. Joseph Lashbach succeeded him, and removed it to where it now stands. Thomas McKibbon kept it for several years. Seth McCormick, of Cumberland Valley, married Margaret Sim- mons, and lived in the upper part of the valley. His children were Robert, who mar- ried Nancy Foresman ; Seth, married Hannah Hammond ; Hugh, not married ; Thomas, married Maria Hammond ; John, married Miss Coryell ; Joseph, married Margaret Schoo- ley ; Sarah, married Robert J. Foresman ; Cynthia, married Samuel Eason; Susan, mar- ried Matthew Hammond, and lived at South Bend, Indiana. Thomas McCormick, an older brother of Seth, lived up Spring Creek ; had no children. Widow Weeks' son Job lived in the valley and has a son Jesse, who lives oppo- site Montgomery Station, Northumberland County. They were among the first to settle at the mouth of South Creek. Hugh McRein- hold came from Ireland in 1790, and settled where Henry Schooley now lives. The Bairds at an early day lived where John Haag lives. An old Indian fort was erected across the road from Haag's barn. James Baird had a black- smith-shop a few yards above the fort. Schools. — The first was a nis-ht-school, taught by William Schooley, Sr., in a house north of Spring Creek, on land now (1877) owned by heirs of John Haag. Another house was owned by David Follmer, Esq., in which Edward Beach taught, and a third on land owned by heirs of Gershom Biddle. These buidings used for school purposes between 1790 and 1808 ; in 1807 a house was built on land now owned by Peter Ludwig. Teachers in this house were an Irishman by name of Cochrane ; Moses Wheeler, a Yankee, and Isaac Sedom and Noah Wilson. Another house was built where Geo. Irwin's house now stands. Teachers were James and George Gray, George Nelson, Jacob Blaisdell, John Brady, Darius Black, Thomas Kennedy, Charles Mason, Charles Schriver, M.D., W. T. Thorfe and others. Another school-house was built on land now owned by Mrs. King. Teachers were Carpen- ter, Quinn Deffenbacher, Hon. Isaac Slenker. About 1826 Miss E. Grier, sister of Justin Grier, taught in the old Baptist Church. In 1884 there were five districts, with one hundred and eighty-one pupils, as follows : Allenwood, Hunter's, Wetzel's, Alvira, Russell. The AVashington Peesbyterian Church.' — This house of worship in the White Deer Valley has been the spiritual home of a con- gregation organized nearly a century ago, but whose early history is obscure, since no re- cords were preserved. In 1787 the Rev. Hugh Morrison became the pastor of the Buf- 1 From data supplied by Rev. J. W. Boal. UNION COUNTY. 1420m falo Church, and served it until 1806, and some time in the later years of his ministry, he formed this congregation. In 1803 Eev. James Magraw, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Castle, visited the Buf- falo and Washington Churches, and was called to the pastorate, but did not accept it. Most likely Mr. Morrison came from his home at Sunbury, occasionally, and supplied the pulpit until his death, in 1804, and the same year the Rev. Thomas Hood also preached here, and, accepting a call, was ordained and in- stalled pastor October 2, 1805, after having preached six months on the call to him as a licentiate. His pastoral relation continued un- til 1819, when the pulpit was supplied from different sources until 1826, when Rev. George Junkin became a permanent supply, serving as such until 1830. The Rev. David Kirk- patrick came next, serving in the same relation until 1833, when the Rev. Isaac Grier entered upon his pastorate, also as a supply, but was ordained and installed November 12, 1834. His pastoral relation as an ordained minister continued nineteen years, and marked a useful period in the history of the church. He was fol- lowed by the Rev. Matthew Patterson, who was installed November 14, 1854, and whose pastorate ended in April, 1858. The same year a call was extended to the Rev. John A. Boyd, of the Hudson Presbytery, which was accepted, and on the 27th of June, 1859, he was installed pastor. His ministry contin- ued till October, 1867, after which the con- gregation was again dependent on supplies, from various sources. In May, 1870, the Rev. L. L. Houghawort began a regular pastorate which was terminated by his resignation in April, 1875. A unanimous call was then made, June 19, 1875, upon the Rev. James W. Boal, to assume the pastorate, and the follow- ing month he entered that relation, continuing until the present date. He is a native of Centre County, of Scotch -Irish ancestry, and has been well educated for the ministry, at Lafayette College and the Princeton Theo- logical Seminary. Washington Church has a fine location in the beautiful White Deer Valley, in the midst of a sober, industrious community, and has one of the most flourishing congregations of any Presbyterian Church in the country, in Central Pennsylvania. The church building is of wood, and has recently been repaired so as to be not only comfortable, but even at- tractive. The White Deer Baptist Church. — Some of the first settlers of the county were Baptists, but unfortunately lived so remote from one another that the formation of a con- gregation was long rendered impracticable. After the Revolution Baptist missionaries visited Buffalo Valley and preached at other points, so that, in 1794, a letter was forwarded to the Philadelphia Association, asking to be received into that body. But the purpose to form a church was evidently not realized, as action was postponed by the association, since " no messenger appears to receive the right hand of fellowship." No further attempt at organization appears to have been made until 1808, when Elder Thomas Smiley, originally a Seceder, from Virginia, came to White Deer Valley and organized some scattering families in the northern part of the county into a church, which was recognized October 23, 1808. A log meeting-house was built on the lot occu- pied by the present church, which was replaced by a better building in the course of years. The present is the third house used by the society, and was remodeled and thoroughly repaired in 1882. Like all the churches in the valley, it is a plain frame building, but has an attractive interior. In 1820 the church became connected with the Northumberland Association, its delegates being the pastor. Rev. Thomas Smiley, John Lewis, John Oakes and Philip Gibbon. The membership at that time was small, and in 1886 the number did not exceed sixty. Elder Smiley served the church as pastor until his death, in 1832, and lies interred in the cemetery of the White Deer Church. His ministry was laborious and he rendered faithful service in his Master's cause during this pioneer work. He was succeeded by George Spratt, M.D., 1833-34; his son, George M. Spratt, D.D., 1834-39 ; William S. Hall, 1420n JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1840-43; John Edminister, 1843-47; William T. Bunker, 18-1853; Professor Eobert Lowry, 1854 ; George Frear, D.D., 1855; Joshua Kelly, 1857-58; W. E. McNeal, 1859 ; Samuel W. Ziegler, 1860 ; J. Gi'een Miles, 1861-65 ; George "W. Snyder, 1867 ; and J. Green Miles, 1869. In June the present pastor, the Rev. Marshall G. Smith, began preaching in the church and was ordained and installed in Septem- ber of the same year. Since 1860, with the exception above noted, the Eev. J. Green Miles has been actively interested in the church, and at present resides in that locality, supplying the church at Danville. He is one of the oldest active Baptist ministers in this part of the State, being now in his sixty-ninth year. Three of his brothers are also in the ministry. The Evangelical Association has churches at White Deer and Alvira. The latter was originally built at Spring Creek, but was taken down and rebuilt on its present site in the summer and fall of 1885. It was- dedicated by the Rev. E. Kohr. The church at White Deer was built about ten years ago. Both are frame buildings, but comfortable pjlaces of worship with an increasing membership. The pastoral service is from the White Deer Circuit, the Rev. S. Smith, preacher in charge. The Messiah Union Church is a plain frame building in the upper end of the valley; near Alvira, which has been used by German Reformed and Lutheran congregations for more than thirty years. It was erected, about 1850, for the accommodation of members of other congregations who resided in this locality, and who desired a more convenient preaching place than the old churches afforded ; but the ministeral service has usually been the same as those of the oldercongregations in this part of the country out of which this church was formed. In the past year the Lutherans have not had regular preaching. The church has lately been nicely improved and presents a creditable ap- pearance. The Emanuel Evangelical Church at Alvira was removed from Washington township, Lycoming County, in 1885, and rebuilt there. It is of wood, thirty-four by forty-si.x, costing one thousand two hundred dollars. The number of members of the church are about thirty; trustees, Jacob Baker, D. B. Artman, Joel Baker. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN H. OAKES. Among the names of Gregg township's most successful and highly-esteemed citizens we find that of John H. Oakes, who was born in the above-named township on the 12th day of March, 1817. His ancestor, Samuel Oakes, was born in Northumberland County, Pa., where he grew to man's estate and married Mary McDermon. From his native county he moved to White Deer Valley, where he bought twelve hundred acres of land, all of which was new and unimproved. He built a house and im- proved part of the land, and on it lived until his death, which occurred on the 26th day of November, 1810. His wife passed away on the 11th day of August, 1798. They were for many years devout members of the Presby- terian Church. Their children were John, William, Samuel, Isaac and Flower. Isaac was born in Northumberland County, and came with the rest of the family into the valley when he was quite a lad. He became a farmer and eventually came in possession of part of the twelve hundred acres of land originally bought by his father. He married Nancy Hope, who bore him children as follows : Maria, born December 6, 1810 ; John H., born March 12, 1813; Jonathan, born February 19, 1815 ; Samuel, February 2, 1816 ; Rosan- nah, October 22, 1818; James, February 6, 1821 ; Sarah Jane, August 2, 1823 ; Elizabeth, February 17, 1826 ; Isaac Walker, October 10, 1828; and Margaret, January 8, 1833. Of these, John H., of whom this sketch is written, grew to manhood in his native township, and was reared to the occupation of a farmer, as were his father and all his ancestors. His education was obtained at the country school during the winter months. After the death of his father he bought of the heirs the home farm, on which he lived many years. He finally sold out, and UNION COUNTY. 1420o after a short time bought the farm on which his son Matthew now resides, and on which he built the out-buildings. In 1876 he bought the farm on which his wife now resides, and erected thereon a fine residence and barns, and made a beautiful home. But he was destined to enjoy his new home but ashort time, as he died suddenly of heart-disease, on the 11th day of April, 1882. He came home from Williams- port on that day, and complained of not feeling well. He retired at the usual hour, and in the The result of this marriage has been the follow- ing named children : William Gibbons, born October 23, 1841; Martha H., born April 12, 1844; Mathew, married Martha Fore- sman, their children are Sarah, Maria and Olive. DANIEL FOLLMER. One of the oldest families in Gregg township, Union County, Pa., is the Follmer family, form- erly called Vollmer. The paternal ancestor, Jacob JOHN H. OAKES. night awoke his wife by making a strange noise and in a few minutes passed peacefully away. Thus died a good and just man, mourn- ed and regretted by the entire community in which his life had been spent. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and its treasurer. In politics he was a Democrat, and filled most of the township offices in his town- ship. He married, on the 25th day of August, 1840, Sarah, daughter of William and Sarah (Gibbons) Oakes. Her father died January 15, 1836; her mother died October 13, 1859. Vollmer, came from Germany in 1737 and settled in Berks County, Pa., 1740, where he reared a family of children and where he passed the remainder of his days. When he landed in America his name was recorded by mistake as Follmer instead of Vollmer, and as Follmer the family has since been known. Michael Follmer, one of Jacob's descendants, moved, with his family, into Limestone township, Northumber- land County, in 1778, and encamped under a large wild cherry-tree which is yet standing. Frederick moved into White I^Beer Valley in 1420p JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 1795, where ha bought three hundred acres of land, on which he built the grist-mill now owned by A. S. Sypher, Esq. The mill con- tained three run of stone and did custom mill- ing and was patronized by the people for many miles around. He married Miss Maria Bar- bara Geiger, who bore him three children, viz., Susan, Daniel and Rachel. Susan married Joseph Mackey and had five sons and one daughter. Rachel married James Donaldson and to her was born one son and two daus;h- ried Miss Margaret Reed in June, 1808, who was born August 31, 1789. Her father was James Reed, who married Jane Watt, whose people were from Lancaster county, Pa., and whose ancestors came from Scotland. After his marriage Daniel obtained from his father part of the home farm, on which he built the man- sion now occupied by his children and in which he died, March 30, 1875. His wife passed away on the 6th day of September, 1853. He was a practical and successful farmer and, as a ^^a^^^ d^S^y ters. Frederick died April 7, 1812, and his wife July 6, 1803. As above set forth, Daniel FoUmer, the subject of this sketch, was born March 13, 1786, in Limestone township, and came with his father, Frederick, into White Deer Creek Valley, 1795. His education was such only as could be obtained at the country schools of his day. He remained with his father until after his (Daniel's) marriage, learn- ing the miller's trade and also working on the farm when not engaged in the mill. He mar- "^^16^ citizen, was held in high esteem by all who knew him. In early life he united himself to the Presbyterian Church, of which he remained a constant member until his death. He was in politics a Whig, and when the Republican party was formed he became a stanch member thereof, and was many times elected to office. In 1824 he was elected county commissioner of Lycoming County, to which Gregg township was then attached. In 1827 he was ap- pointed by Governor Shultz a justice of the UNION COUNTY. 1420q peace, which office he held many yeai-s by appointtuent and election. He was a school director six years, and at different times held most of the township offices in the gift of the people. To Daniel Folhuer and wife were born children as follows : Maria B., born May 10, 1810 (married John Foresman); Jane W., born May 8, 1813 ; Cynthia, born December 29, 1815 ; Elizabeth, born August 2, 1818 (married Robert Caldwell) ; John R., born December 24, 1821 ; Daniel G., born November 11, 1826; and Margaret R., born May 28, 1829, and died August 12, 1881. John R. Follmer, one of the leading men of Gregg township, studied law with James F. Linn, in Lewisburgh from 1843 until 1845, when he was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in Selin's Grove, Pennsyl- vania, and started out with flattering prospects, but, owing to ill health, he gave up the prac- tice of his profession, and has since engaged in business which has given him an out-door life. He is an ardent Rejjublican, and now holds the office of county surveyor, to which he was elected in 1883. LUDWIG STUETZEL. Ludwig Stuetzel, now known as Stitzel, was born in Nochandorg, Germany, on the 5tii day of June, 1761. The time of his arrival in the United States is not known, but it is thought he went at once to Berks County, Pa., where he married, on the 20th day of November, 1808, Miss Anna Maria Fox. The issue of this union was Sarah, born July 28, 1811; Maria, August 24, 1813; Susie,' De- cember 17, 1814; and Samuel, who died in infancy, was born October 11, 1816. After his marriage Ludwig went to Mill Creek, near Pottsville, Pa., and built a saw-mill and a residence ; into the latter he moved with his bride. After remaining at the mill three years he sold it and moved to Reading, Pa., where he engaged in distilling. In 1814 he emi- grated to White Deer Valley, Pa., where he bought the farm and water-power now known as the " Willow Glen mill property," on which he built the house now occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Charles Gudykunst, and the out-buildings belonging thereto ; also a forge in which he carried on business many years. In 1822 he built the grist-mill above mentioned, which he operated until his death. He also built a flaxseed-oil mill, and in the various business interests thus engaged in was uni- formly successful. He gave employment to a good many men, and was looked up to as a public benefactor, and as a man of integrity was held in high esteem. He was a Democrat in politics. For many years he was a member of the German Reformed Church and died in that faith July 25, 1823. His wife died April 25, 1857. CHAELES GUDYKUNST. Charles Gudykunst was born in Lehigh County, Pa., October 15, 1799. His father, Adam Gudykunst, was born in Germany, from whence he emigrated to the United States, at what date is not known. While Charles was yet a boy his father moved to Milton, Pa., where he followed his trade of " a hatter," which trade Charles was also taught, and at which he worked for some time. His father gave him the advantages obtained at the best schools in Milton, and he thus acquired for that period more than a common education. Before he was of age he was employed as a clerk by Mr. Ludwig Stitzel and remained with him until Mr. Stitzel's death, receiving and retaining until the last his employer's entire confidence. After Mr. Stitzel's death, young Gudykunst was made executor of the estate and had entire management and control therof. He married Sarah, the eldest daughter of Mr. Stitzel, who bore him two children, but one of whom, Ed- ward, born October 5, 1827, is now living. After his marriage he extended the business by building a saw-mill and purchasing other lands, which have since been divided into six farms and other town-lots near Uniontown (now Al- lenwood) and other lands in Lycoming County. Mr. Gudykunst was an active and successful business man and had the entire confidence of the business men of his county. He was a di- rector in the West Branch Bank of Williams- port until Gregg township was transferred to Union County, after which he was a director in 1420r JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the Cameron Bank of Lewisburgh, Pa. In polities Mr. Gudykunst was an ardent Repub- lican, and took an active part in forming and carrying out its policy in his section of the State. He held most of the offices in his town- shij), and was at one time State revenue com- missioner, appointed by Governor A. G. Curtin. Gudykunst passed away on the 12th day of January, 1866, leaving behind him the record of a long and well-spent life. His wife, Mary, still survives him, and in the home of her child- hood, surrounded by children, grandchildren and friends, is awaiting without fear the sum- mons all must obey. Sarah Jane, the second A/^ s^€(Y/'^^^*U^f^~-~^ He was a member for many years ot the Pres- byterian Church and was one of its elders. His rirst wife died May 18, 1832, and for his second wife he married her only surviving sister, Mary, on the 10th day of April, 1834. Their children were Mary Margaret, born May 20, 1835 ; Sarah Jane, born October 12, 1837 ; Lydia Catherine, born May 31, 1840; Charles L., born December 16, 1842 ; James P., born April 21, 1845 ; Anna Maria, born September 24, 1848; Josephine, born January 23, 1851 ; and Eliza C, born March 11, 1853. Mr. daughter, married William Campbell. Lydia C, married William P. Allen, and has one son, — William C. Charles L. married Martha Jane Griffii ; their children are Margaret B., Charles B. and Mary J. James P. married Anna Van Alstine, whose only son, Carl C, was drowned June 9, 1885. Anna M. married Robert Brown ; they have one child, — Claud A. Jo- sephine married J. F. Hagenbuch. Eliza C. married Armstrong Brady (who died September 13, 1876) and C. Brown. The result of her sec- ond marriage is two girls. I HISTORY OF SNYDER COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Orgauizatiou of the County — Civil Ilistovy — Kosters of Of- ficers, 1855-85 — Population. The causes which led to the division of Un- ion County and the erection of Snyder will be found in the history of Union County. The act of the Legislature dividing the last-named county was approved ^Nlarch 2, 1855. It pro- vided for an election to be held March 16th fol- lowing, to determine by popular vote whether the division should be made. The election was held, with the following result : For division, sixteen hundred and eightv-eig-ht ; against di- vision, sixteen hundred and forty-three ; major- ity for division, forty-five. The act erecting a new county provided that the county-seat should be located by a vote of the people, and any town furnishing a guaran- teed subscription of ten thousand dollars towards the erection of public buildings should be enti- tled to become the new county-seat. Middle- burg, Selin's Grove and Freeburg fiirnished sub- scriptions approved by the court, and became the competing towns for the seat of justice, with the following result : Middleburg, thirteen hun- dred and fifty-seven votes ; Selin's Grove, nine hundred and twenty-two votes ; and Freeburg, two hundred and eight votes. Middleburg was selected. After the election making Middleburg the county-seat, a supplement to the act of erection was passed by the Legislature, and was approved April 11, 1856, which provided for the transfer to Snyder County of all " unfinished business properly belonging to the county of Snyder re- maining in the county of Union." 90 George J. Schoeh, George Motz and John L. Reninger were chosen as a committee to erect the public buildings. They performed this work, and made a report to the court at the December term, 1856, as follows: " That under the provisions of an Act of Assembly erecting a new county out of parts of Union, and called Snyder County. That your petitioners were elected the building committee to put up the neces- sary public buildings for said county of Snyder. That the said buildings are now ready, and that tliey are DOW prepared, if the same be approved as required by the said Act, to convey the same to the said county of Snyder. "They therefore pray the court to examine the said buildings and approve the same, as required by said act, and we will ever pray, etc. " George Motz, " George J. Schoch, " John L. Rexixger." The grand jury examined the building.s, and, on December 12, 1856, recommended their ac- ceptance. On the 28th of February, 1857, Judges A. S. Wilson and Daniel Witmer, judges of the court, accepted the site and buildings erected. An act to change the county-seat from Mid- dleburg to Selin's Grove was pas.sed in 1865. The preamble recites that great dissatisfaction exi.sted in consequence of the location of the county-seat, and that the necessary county buildings had not yet been erected, and that the gra"nd jury, at the February term, 1865, reported the court-house unsafe and the public records insecure, and that new buildings must necessar- ily be erected. William F. Eekbert, William F. Wagenseller and L. R. Hummel were appointed commissioners by the act, to select grounds in Selin's Grove on which to erect 1421 1422 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. public buildings, a fee-simple deed to be deliv- ered to the commissioners of the county, with- out ex]3ense to the county, and a subscription of not less than five thousand dollars to be ap- proved by the judges of the court, which was to be transferred to the commissioners, who were required to proceed without delay to erect the necessary public buildings, to be in no way in- ferior to the county buildings at Lewisburgh, Union County, and as soon as the public build- ings were approved by a grand jury and a ma- jority of the judges, the county-seat be fixed at Selin's Grove, and the records be removed from Middleburg to Selin's Grove. The commis- sioners were authorized to borrow money, not to exceed twenty thousand dollars, and to issue one hundred dollar bonds, payable in one, two and three years. They were also authorized to con- vey the grounds and public buildings in Mid- dleburg to the persons who subsci'ibed and paid for the erection of the same. A majority of the county commissioners refused to comply with the provisions of this act, and they adopted no measures for the erection of public buildings at Selin's Grove. They could not be induced to do any act in reference to a removal. They were arraigned before the court, but every advantage afforded by the "law's delay" was taken, until too late in the summer to commence building. At the next session of the Legislature the question of removal was again introduced, and after a long-continued contest, an act was passed March 21, 1866, relative to a removal. Peti- tions and remonstrances were sent to the Legis- lature numerously signed, and the jjeople of the county were thoroughly aioused on the subject. The preamble of the act referred to sets forth that,— " The citizens of Snj-der County had decided, by ballot, to locate the county-seat at Middleburg, and had erected the court-house and jail by private sub- scription, and at the close of the session of 1865 the Legislature hastily passed an act to remove the seat of justice from Middleburg to Selinsgrove, against the expressed will of the people." The act authorizes an election to be held on April 24, 1866, to vote for or against a removal of the county-seat from Middleburg to Selin's Grove. In pursuance of this act of the Ijcgis- lature, an election, — one of the most exciting ever known in the county, — was held at the time mentioned in said act, with the following result : For removal. Against removal. West Beaver township 244 Penn's township 275 5 Washington township 99 184 Centre township 182 Franklin township 200 Chapman township 317 71 Perry township 28 151 Jackson township 34 114 Middle Creek township 63 73 Selin's Grove borough 343 1 West Perry township 27 85 Monroe township 215 20 Middleburg borough 1 81 1404 1757 1404 Majority against removal 353 The year after this decision the court-house at Middleburg was enlarged by the addition of twelve feet to the front and twenty-seven feet SNYDER C'Ol'XTY COURT-HOUSE. to the rear. The interior was remodeled and refitted, and the court-room arranged as it now appears. The jail of Snyder County was built about the same time as the court-house, and on the same lot, but no mention is made of it in the SiNYDER COUNTY. 1423 records ; it was, however, accepted, and is still in use. At the May sessions of court, 1885, the grand jury made the following report : "That, in pursuance of their duties, they visited the public buildings on the 26th day of May, 1885, including the county jail ; that they found the said jail unsuited for its purpose, insecure and out of repair. They further report that the said jail is badly located. They therefore respecfuUy recom- mend the erection of a new jail, better suited to its purposes, upon another and more suitable site, and they recommend the abandonment of the present site, the sale of the same, and the purchase of a new site. " Geokge G. Glass, Foreman." The report was approved May 26, 1885. The county commissioners purchased a site for the erection of a jail. They have adopted a plan, which has been approved by the Board of Public Charity. The commissioners on January 25, 1886, let the building of the jail to the following con- tractors : Stone, brick and mason work, to A. Mc- Cauly, Lewistown, Pa., for §11,979.00 Iron work, to the Champion Iron Works, Kenton, Ohio 2,400.00 Plumbing and heating, to J. B. Reed, Sun- bury, Pa 3,532.50 Carpenter work, etc., Aaron Stetler, Mid- dleburg 2,793.00 Roof and tin work, to D. T. Rhoades, Mid- dleburg 1,084.25 Total .$21,788.75 Cr\'iL List of Sxyder Cocnty. — Follow- ing are the names of the officials of Snyder County, together with the names of her repre- sentatives in the State Legislature, from 1855 to 1885 : State Sexatoe. — Reuben Keller, elected October, 1858, to 1861. Members of the Legislature. — Daniel Witmer, elected October, 1857 ; William Wagenseller, elected October, 1858 and 1859; Henry K. Ritter, elected October, 1861, 1862 and 1863; Dr. Isaac Hottenstein, elected October, 1865; J. H. Wright, elected Octo- ber, 1866; George G. Glass, elected October, 1867; William G. Herrold, elected October, 1868; John Cummings, elected October, 1870 ; William G. Her- rold, elected October, 1871 ; G. Alfred Schoch, elected October, 1874; Charles Miller, elected October, 1876 and 1878 ; Leonard Myers, elected October, 1880 ; Charles Miller, elected October, 1882; G. Alfred Schoch, elected October, 1884. Sheriffs. — Nathan Farry, of Perry township, from 1855 to 1858 ; Levi S. Herrold, of Chapman township, from 1858 to 1861 ; Frederick P. Bause, of Middle Creek township, from 1861 to 1863 ; Moses Speht, of Beavertown township, from 1863 to 1867 ; Daniel Bolender, of Franklin township, from 1867 to 1870; John S. Wolfe, of Union townshij), from 1870 to 1873 ; Danil Bolender, of Franklin township, from 1873 to 1876 ; Daniel Eisenhart, of Washington town- ship, from 1876 to 1879; Daniel Bolender, of Middle- burg township, from 1879 to 1882 ; David Reichley, of Ceutreville township, from 1882' to 1885; Ner B. Middleswarth, of West Beaver township, from 1885. Regi.sters and Recorders. — Frederick Mertz, 1855 to 1858 ; A. J. Peters, 1858 to 1861 ; John Dorn, 1861 to 1864; Jacob Aurand, 1864 to 1867; Samuel B. Schuck, 1867 to 1873; James M. Vanzandt, 1873 to 1885. Prothoxotaeies. — William G. Herrold, 1855 to 1858 ; Jacob P. Bogar, 1858 to 1861 ; Henry S. Boyer, 1861 to 1864; Jeremiah Crous, 1864 to 1885. District Attorneys. — Charles Merrill, 1855 to 1858; Charles Hower, 1858 to 1861 ; Samuel Weirick, 1861 to 1864; A. C. Simpson, 1864 to 1867; B. T. Parks, 1807 to 1873 ; Leonard Myers, 1873 to 1876 ; J. A. Arnold, 1876 to 1879; H. H. Grimm, 1875 to 1882; F. E. Bower, 1882 to 1888. CotFNTY Commissioners. — George D. Miller, 1855 to 1868; Isaac D. Boyer, 1855 to 1857; John D. Romig, 1855 to 1856 ; George Swartz, 1856 to 1859 ; Samuel Scholl, 1857 to 1870 ; George Boyer, 1858 to 1871 ; Henry R. Kneppe, 1859 to 1862 ; George Wehr, 1860 to 1863; Jacob Steffen, 1861 to 1864; A. K. Middleswarth, 1862 to 1865; P. P. Mertz, 1865 to 1868; Abraham Ever, 1866 to 1869; Joseph Wenrich, 1867 to 1870; J. J. Mattern, 1868 to 1871; I. S. Longacre, 1869 to 1872; Philip Kinney, 1870 to 1873; J. F. Hufnagle, 1872 to 1875; Joel Row, 1873 to 1876; Elias R. Swartz, 1874 to 1877; Moses Krebs, John Romig, Joel Row, 1877 to 1880 ; John Reitz, Henry Wetzel, John M. Moyer, 1880 to 1883; John Mohn, J. N. Houser, Isaac Erdley, 1885 to 1888. Treasurers. — Frederick Rathfon, 1855 to 1857 ; Isaac D. Boyer, 1857 to 1859 ; R. W. Kern, 1859 to 1861; Isaac Beaver, 1861 to 1863; Geo. F. Miller, 1865 to 1867 ; Jacob Gross, 1867 to 1869 ; J. K. Hughes, 1869 to 1871; Jacob Gross, 1871 to 1873; Geo. W. Row, 1873 to 1875; Heniy Benfer, 1875 to 1877; Reuben Dreese, 1877 to 1879; A. S. Helfrich, 1879 to 1884; C. A. Bolender, 1884 to 1886. Surveyors. — Henry Motz (elected before division of the county in 1854), 1854 to 1858 ; William Moyer, 1858 to 1861 ; Daniel Weirick, 1867 to 1870 ; A. K. Gift, 1870 to 1876; Geo. B. Benfer, 1876 to 1883; James Middleswarth, 1883 to 1886. CoEOXERS. — Henry Musser, elected October, 1855 ; Dr. A. J. Sampsel, elected October, 1858; Dr. Wm. B.Christ, elected October, 1861; Dr. B. F. Wagen- 1424 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. seller, elected October, 1862; C. Bolender, elected October, 1867 ; Peter Hartman, elected October, 1870; Dr. A. M. Smith, elected October, 1875 ; Dr. P. Her- man, elected October, 1881 ; Dr. E. W. Toole, elected October, 1883. (For several years there was no coroner elected.) Jury Commissioners. — Geo. A. Schoch and Wm. Markley, 1867 to 1870; Henry Brown and G. G. Hornberger, 1870 to 1873 ; A. S. Helfrich and U. P. Weiser, 1873 to 1876 ; S. F. Sheary and Elias Strouse, 1876 to 1879; A. A. Ulsh and Henry Hummel, 1879 to 1882; Levi Fisher and J. 0. Goss, 1882 to 1853 ; Wm. A. Glass and B. Smith, 1883 to 1886. Auditors.' — Francis A. Boyer, elected 1855 ; Ner Middleswarth, elected 1855; Henry W. Snyder, elected 1855; Daniel Rohrer, elected 1857; Henry Smith, elected 1858; J. Y. Shindel, elected 1859; F. C. Moyer, elected 1859; H. S. Boyer, elected 1860; E. Bowersox, elected 1861 ; J. Y. Shindel, elected 1862; Moses Specht, elected 1862; David Swenk, elected 1862; Daniel DielTenbach, elected 1866; Henry Benfer, elected 1867 ; M. L. Hassinger. elected 1869; C. L. Fisher, elected 1870 ; Daniel Dieffeiibach, elected 1871 ; Jefferson Hall, elected 1873 ; S. H. Sheary, elected 1874; Ner B. Middleswarth, W. A. Glass and Daniel Dieffenbach, elected 1875 ; George W. Seirer, W. P. Moyer (appointed by court), 1880 ; Adam Smith, George W. Seirer, J. G. Hornberger, elected 1888. CHAPTER II. The Bench '?.^l.S^ -Oi^i^-^^^ij and proent and pros]ierous life. Surrounded by their children and grand- children, they pass the evening of their life in the cheering attentions of an appreciative new SNYDER COUNTY. 1427 generation. Of their marriage, the following are their issue : Maria, married to X. T. Dun- dore, of Berks County, April 6, 1865 ; Min- erva, married to Isaac Eyer, of Union County, March 23, 1869, wiiose issue are Witmer, Sarah and Franklin ; Sarah died in infancy. In his younger da>'s Mr. Witmer showed great interest and delight in the militia of Penn- sylvania, an organization quite popular in its day. He was captain of a company of one hundred and forty men from Chapman town- judges of the courts. This position he occupied until December, 1857, when, having been elect- ed to the Legislature, he resigned the judgeship. Tlius it was that Mr. Witmer became the sec- ond member elected to the House from the new county, as one of the representatives of the dis- trict composed of the counties of Juniata, Sny- der and Union. In 18(33, after receiving the unanimous nomination of his party, he was re- elected an associate judge, and served out his full term of five years. Mr. Witmer has ever Ja " ^ f^^Ai^-y^.C^ ship. In this position he formed many ac- | quaintances, and especially when the annual " battalion " came around were his acquaint- ances and popularity increased ; for of all times of good will, genial spirits and rnirth, this was the greatest in his younger days. In public life, Mr. Witroer's experience has been varied and extensive. He held the offices of i justice of the peace, school director, overseer of | the poor, auditor of public accounts and notary public. In 1855, upon the formation of the county, he was elected one of the first a.ssociate j been a leading man in the county. His judg- ment and ability have often been relied on, as manifested by his neighbors seeking his counsel, and entrusting to him the settlement of their estates, of which trusts he has had no less than sixteen. He has always taken a proper interest in religious matters, and as a member of the Evangelical Association, has proved himself worthy and ever ready with his contributions. His assistance was especiallv given in the build- ing of Trautman's Church, in Perry township, and the church at Port Treverton. 1428 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA Thus have we condensed in a few lines a sketch of a life full of activity, usefulness and honor. Hox. J. G. L. Shindel was born at Sun- bury on September 17, 1818. In his youth he was under the care and instruction of pious and industrious parents, who had much to do in moulding his after-life of usefuluess. His ad- vantages of gaining an education were limited. In the old log school-house at Sunbury and in Messrs. Ever & Schnure. From 1839 to 1846 we find him emjiloyed by the firm of J. & Wm. F. Wagenseller. With this experience gained in clerking, and with the hard-earned means which he had carefully saved, in 1846, after leaving the Wagenseller firm, he established his own store on the west side of Market Street, the third lot above the northwest corner of Market and Chestnut Streets. There he con- tinued for ten years, when he entered into his father's study he acquired knowledge suffi- cient to fit him for the active duties of life. One of his teachers was George A. Snyder, an educated man, and a son of Governor Simon Snyder. At the age of fifteen he entered the store of George Lebrick at Sunbury, performing sncli services as one of his age was able. He afterwards entered the store of Benjamin Hen- dricks as clerk. In ] 836 he came to Selins Grove and was employed in the general store of Sterrett & Schnure. He afterwards clerked for partnership with Dr. P. R. Wagenseller and bought the drug, book and stationery-store ot Isaac Gearhart. This firm continued to do business at the southea.st corner of Market Square until 1872, when, having had their store destroyed by fire, they dissolved, Mr. Shindel establishing a drug, book and stationery-store in the same room where, twenty-six years be- fore, he had first embarked in trade. Here again he was called to endure the trials of ad- versity. Scarcely had two years elapsed when SNYDER COUNTY. 1429 the fire again enveloped his earthly possessions, and what on the morning of October 30, 1874, was a cheerful, well-stocked store and a pros- perous trade, in the evening was a heap of smouldering ruins and shattered hopes. But nothing daunted, he resumed business on a smaller scale in a small room on the south side of Pine Street, a few doors \\est of ^A'ater Street, and in the following year erected on the site of hi.s ruins the present fine brick dwelling and store, where he continues to reside and conduct business. On the 18th of January, 18 J 2, Mr. Shindel was joined in wedlock to Miss Abigail Hath- away, of Selin's Grove. Of this union the following were their issue : Isaac H., died in infancy. R. Hathaway, born September 29, 1850; married, December 25, 1872, to Miss Mary M. Hummel, of Selin's Grove, who died July, 1879 ; on April 12, 1882, married to Miss Elizabeth Schull, of York, Pa. ; resides at York, engaged in banking. Susan M., born December 7, 1857 ; married to Simon Kamp, of Milton, where they now reside. James C, born May 24, 1862 ; married to Miss Laura C. Schoch, of Selin's Grove, Lutheran minister and is serving a congregation at Mount Carmel. The earliest ancestor of Mr. Shindel of whom wo have any knowledge was John Shindel, a native of Germany, who was born at Odenwaldt, Feb- ruary 28, 1732. He was married to IMargaret Gepiiart. He died May 29, 1789, and was fol- lowed by his wife, Margaret, September, 1823, who lived to be upwards of eighty years of age. They cease from their labors, and lie beneath the sods of the old Lutheran grave-yard, at Lebanon. These were the great-grandparents of the sub- ject of this article. Their son, John P. Shindel, who was the grandfather of J. G. L. Shindel, was born at Lebanon August 21, 1766, and died September 17, 1829. He also is liuriod at Lebanon. The father of Mr. Shindel was the Rev. J. P. Shindel, Sr., of sacred and honored memory, and who was well known and loved throughout this whole section of country. He was born at Lebanoh and for many years resided at Sunbury as their Lutheran minister. During his residence at this place he had also regular charges in what is now Dauphin, Montour. Schuylkill, Snyder and Union Counties. Father Shindel, as he was reverently called, Avas one of those early preachers who labored in earnest for the cause they espoused. In sunshine and storm, over dismal and dangerous roads for many a weary mile, he traveled day and night, in order that he might fulfill the mission where- unto he was sent. He was married to Miss Susan McCulloch. After a life of faithful ser- vice, he died on the 26th day of October, 1853, aged sixty-six years; and on the 14th of March, 1870, was joined by his faithful wife, who died at the age of eighty-one years. Their issue are as follows : Jeremiah, died, a Lutheran minister, at Allentown, 1870 ; Solomon, died at Sunbury, 1862 ; John P., a Lutheran minister, residing at Middleburg; Louisa, married to Gideon Leisenriug, died at Selin's Grove, 1853; Susan, intermarried with Samuel Gobin, died at Sun- bury, 1878 ; Ann Maria, married to Benjamin Hendricks, died at Sunbury, 1877 ; Jacob G. L., the subject of this sketch ; Daniel W., physician, residing at Sunbury; LsaacX., died, a physician, at Selin's Grove, 1847 ; Martin Luther, Lutheran minister, residing at Danville ; Philip Melauc- thon, resides at Sunbury. We have thus briefly traced Mr. Shindel's large family connection. Beside the life of business activity experienced, he has been called to fill numerous positions of honor and trust. In 1853 he was appointed agent for the Susquehanna River, North and West Branch Telegraph Company, and thus became the first telegraph operator in Snyder County. This position he held for nineteen years. This company, after coming under the control of the American Company, was finally embraced in the Western Union. In 1872, upon the removal of the old line of wire, which extended along the river, to the new line, which followed the railroad, his sou. E. H. Shindel, who was then agent of the railroad station, be- came the operator. In 1857, Mr. Shindel was appointed postmastei- at Selin's Grove, which position he retained until 1861. At the time of locating and establishing the Missionary Insti- tute at Selin's Grove he manifested much interest and greatly aided the cause. In a few years he was elected treasurer of the institution, and has proved himself one of its main supports. For 1430 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. twenty-five years he has had the care, the bur- den and anxiety of managing the finances. His work has always been performed in a successful and satisfactory manner, and the friends of edu- cation and of the Missionary Institute are under ; lasting obligations for his services. In the fall I of 1870, Mr. Shindel was elected one of the as- ■ sociate judges of the courts, which position he filled for the full term of five years. About i this period he was also the treasurer of the Sun- ! gregation served for many years as a faithful officer of the council. As trustee his services extended over a period of twenty years. Having thus spent a life full of usefulness and activity, having received honor and confidence from his fellow-men and having done good in his day and generation, we hesitate not in placing his sketch upon these pages. Hon. Jacob A. Smith was born in Centre (now Franklin) township December 30, 1825, bury and Lewistown Railroad Company and de- voted much of his time and rendered valuable aid in accomplishing the construction and com- pletion of the road. In religious matters he has always taken the deepest interest. In 1837 he was received into the Lutheran Church at Sunhury, by confirma- tion, since wliich time he has striven to bring no reproach upon his jirofession. For twentv- two years he was superintendent of the Lutheran Sunday-school at Selin's Grove, and in the con- on the farm now owned by T. J. Smith. Esq. of Middlcburg. He was a son of George Smith, who died when the son was only three weeks old. His mother's maiden-nume was Elizabeth Alspach. He had three brothers and seven sisters. His elder brother was Major Henry A. Smith, who died at ]\Iiddle- burg, and owned the homestead farm at the time of his death. George A. Smith, a brother, a respected citizen of Beavertown, and one sis- ter residing at Middleburg, and the subject of SNYDER COUNTY. 1431 this sketch are all that are now living. He remained under the care and training of his mother until, at the age of seventeen years, he was apprenticed to Jolin Hoke, at Middleburg, to learn the carpenter's trade. He served an apprenticeship of two years. He built the first court-house at Middleburg, remodeled the Washington House in that town, and occupied it three years. His first job in carpentering was the brick house of Preston Cochran, two miles east of Millerstown, Perry County. He carried his tools from Middleburg to Millers- town, a distance of twenty-five miles. In 1862 he bought the " Morr property," in Middle Creek township, and moved there the same year. He commenced the mercantile business in 1866, and has continued to this time — a period of twenty years. June 9, 1868, he laid out a number of lots into a town-plat, and named it " Smithg-rove." When he moved here there were only two houses on the farm. Now there is a prosperous village here of about twenty- five houses, two stores, hotel, post-office, rail- road station and a church. This place is five miles east of Middleburg, on the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad. Judge Smith was an ardent friend of this railroad. He subscribed and paid one thousand seven hundred dollars towards its completion, devoted much of his time to advance the interests of this road, and donated the land on which the station is located and was the first agent of the company at this place. When he moved here, in 1862, he was appointed postmaster, and held the position un- til 1882, when he resigned, having been elected a.ssociate judge, and his daughter was appointed his successor. The office is still kept in the same building. He is the friend and patron of education, and served sixteen years in the office of school director, attending to his duties with fidelity. He also served as assessor and as- sistant assessor. In the summer of 1882 the Democratic Convention of Snyder County nom- inated him for associate judge. After an ex- citing campaign he was elected over an opposi- tion of about six hundred majority, which is abundant evidence of the esteem in which he is held by his constituents throughout the county. Judge Smith was twice married. His first wife was Malinda Walter, who died at Smith- grove about thirteen years ago." He had two sons and five daughters. His oldest son, Amon, is the operator at Selin's Grove. His second wife was the widow of Samuel Fox, of Philadelphia. Judge Smith is an enterprising and sociable citizen, a faithful member of the Evangelical Association, is a diligent worker in the Sunday-school cause and has delivered many addresses at conventions and celebrations. He has in his possession a deed on parchment measuring two feet nine inches in length, and two feet one inch in width. It contains the recitals of a patent from the commonwealth of Pennsj'lvania for two hundred and eight acres of land, on which Smithgrove is situated, to Michael Schoch, dated June 9, 1790. As an associate judge he is obliging and affiible, and, during the intervals of the regular sessions of the court, he is frequently required to perform official acts, in which he exercises much care, and which have proven him to be a safe and honorable judge. ATTOENEYS. Upon the formation of Snyder County very few attorneys resided within its borders. New Berlin, the old county-seat, was where most of the practicing attorneys located. Immediately upon the formation of the new county, attor- neys commenced locating at Middleburg, the chosen county-seat. Year after year additional members of the bar were enrolled, so that in 1857 we find Messrs. Alleman, Cronimiller, Merrill and Weirick at Middleburg ; Hill, Hower and Simpson at Selin's Grove ; and jNIa- lick at Freeburg. At the period just mentioned, and for some years after, the suitors residing in Snyder County continued to retain their attorneys as employed when the two counties were in one, and thus for a number of years the courts of Snyder County were well attended by members of the Union County bar. But as the bar of Snyder County increased in members and abil- ity, and the older attorneys of Union County passed away, the new and younger citizens of the county employed the attorneys of their own district, so that to-day the practice of the county 1432 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. has settled upon the attorneys residing therein. In 1879 a Bar Association was formed by the attorneys of Snyder, whereupon Samuel Alle- man was elected its first president ; L. N. My- ers, vice-president ; Thomas J. Smith, treasurer ; and John H. Arnold, secretary. The following sketches embi'ace all the attor- neys who located and practiced in the county : Hon. Samuel Weirick was born in Union County in the year 1808. In the early part of 1832 he commenced the study of law, and at the same time was clerk for the commissioners of Union County. He was admitted to j^ractice May 15, 1834. In 1846 he occupied the posi- tion of deputy attorney-general, and in the legislative sessions of 1848 and 1849 repre- sented the district composed of Union and Ju- niata Counties. Upon the formation of Sny- der County he removed from New Berlin to Middleburg, where he resided and continued his practice up to the time of his death, Febru- ary 9, 1869. While a resident of Middleburg he for a number of years was attorney and counsel i'or the commissioners of Snyder Coun- ty. Mr. Weirick was a successful pi'actitioner in the law, a consistent member of the Meth- odist EpiscojJal Church and a useful and upright citizen. Hon. George M. Zeigler was born at Gettysburg, Adams County, May 24, 1816. When about seventeen years of age he was ap- prenticed to the printer's trade, under Jacob Lefever, of Gettysburg, with whom he remain- ed nearly three years. But not satisfied with the mere learning of his ti'ade, young Zeigler improved all his spare time in study, taking a course in the Greek and Latin classics, by re- citing in the evenings to one of the professors in Pennsylvania College. About 1838 he com- menced the study of law, under the instruction of Samuel A. Purviance, in Butler County, and in 1840 was admitted to practice. Mr. Zeigler first opened his office for practice in Kittanning, where he remained three years. He then re- moved to Brookville, Jefferson County, and practiced there for fifteen years, when he came to Selin's Grove, and commenced his practice in Snyder County. Mr. Zeigler remained in this county two years, he owning and occupying the Snyder mansion during his residence here. In October, 1864, he \vent to Sunbury, Northum- berland County, where he still remains in the active practice of his profession. While a res- ident of Jefferson County JNIr. Zeigler wiis thrice elected a member of the House of Rep- resentatives, viz. : 1854, 1855, 1861. Hon. Samuel Alleman, the eldest child of John and Elizabeth (Mockert) Alleman, was born at Maytown, Lancaster County, Pa., on the 2d of February, 1818, and died on the 28th of February, 1881, at Selin's Grove, Snyder County. His remains are interred in the Evan- gelical Lutheran grave-yard at the latter place, his grave being marked by a massive granite stone, bearing simply the inscription of his name and the dates of his birth and death. He was born of pious and industrious parents, who, though unable to raise their family in ease and affluence, struggled with limited means to rear their offspring in honor and rectitude. Samuel Alleman was the eldest of three brothers, each of whom selected one of the three popular pro- fessions for his calling in life. His brothers are the Rev. Monroe J. Alleman, now of York, and Dr. Horace Alleman, for many years a pi'acticing physician at Hanover, York County. His sisters are Catharine, married to I.,ewis Steinmetz, of Lancaster County, and Anna Mary, married to Isaac Groff, also of Lancaster County. Early in life Samuel Alleman was thrown upon his own resources, and by industry and economy was enabled to obtain a liberal educa- tion at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. M^ork- ing at times in the hay and harvest-fields, and again by teaching, he raised sufficient funds to enable him to store his mind with that knowl- edge which served him so well in after-years. About 1840, after leaving Pennsylvania Col- lege, he was again engaged in teaching at ^Mil- lersburg, Dauphin County, at which place, and in the surrounding neighborhood, he is still favorably remembered by many of the older citizens. Upon the election of Samuel Faunce as sheriff of Dauphin County, Samuel Alle- man was made his deputy, and together they moved to Harrisburg. During tlie years 1842- 43 he studied law in the office of Crouse t positions held, he has frequently been entrusted by his fellow- citizens with the management of local affairs. As school director, or a member of the Borough Council, he has proven that their confidence was not misplaced; and, in 1886, is serving his third consecutive term as chief burgess of Se- lin's Grove, during which the borough obtained its first supply of water from the water works. In all official positions held he has striven to promote the best interests of the comnuuiity. As a physician and surgeon he ranks among SNYDER COUNTY. 1455 tlie tirst, and is engaged in an extensive prac- tice and is a member of the State jNIedical Society. As a friend and neighbor he is generous and sympathetic, and for the deserv- ing poor has a warm heart and an open hand. As a member of the Lutheran Church he is an officer of the council, and ever ready with liberal support. Dr. B. F. Wagenseller was married to Miss Maria A. Schoch, a daugh- ter of Jacob, Jr., and Catharine (Miller) Schoch, ]\Iarch 1861. Their home, a place of culture and refinement, has often been the scene of sociability and entertainment. Their daughter, Mattie J. Wagenseller, was married, October 8, 1885, to JNIartiu L. Snyder, Esq., and with him moved to their home at lola, Kansas. J. F. Kanawei. is a native of Fayette town- ship, Juniata County, and was born February 5, 1 844. His father, John Kanawel, is a native of Reading; his mother, whose maiden-name was Barbara Woods, is a native of Mifflin County. Dr. Kanawel was educated at the McAlisterville Academy, teaching school dm-- iug the winters and attending the academy during the summers. He read medicine under the instruction of Dr. A. J. Fisher, imd was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1868, and located at Centreville, where he has since been engaged in an active and success- ful practice. He is a member of the Snyder County Medical Society and of the State Medi- cal Society. On October 12, 187(), he married Miss E. J. Showers. A. M. Smith was born at Beavertown Feb- ruary 2.5, 1847. His parents are John S. and Martha Smith. On his maternal side. Dr. Smith is a grandson of the Hon. Ner Mid- dleswarth. He obtained his education in the public schools of his native place, the Union Seminary, at New Berlin, and at the Missionary Institute, at Selin's Grove. During the Rebel- lion, on February 25, 1864, he enlisted in Com- pany I, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served to the close of the war. He read medicine under the instruction of Dr. I. I.Con- rad, after which he took a full course at Jeffer- son Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in March, 1870. He then took a post-graduate course. He located at Adamsburg in 1871, where he still resides, engao-ed in the active practice of his profession. Dr. Smith is a mem- ber of the Snyder County Medical Society and also a permanent member of the State Medical Society. For five years he has been the sur- geon for the Lewistown Division of the Penn- sylvania Railroad. H. M. Nipple is a native of Perry County and a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. For a number of years he prac- ticed at Fremont, when he removed to Free- burg, where he is still engaged in an active and remunerative practice. He was one of the orig- inators of the Snyder County Medical Society, and is also a permanent member of the State Medical Society. John W. Sheets was born in Cumberland County. In the year 1871 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, and at once commenced practice at Port Treverton. He re- mained at this place but a short time, when he moved to Selin's Grove, and established his office and residence on the southwest corner of Market and Bough Streets. While at Selin's ( xrove Dr. Sheets met \\ith marked success in his practice, but by reason of failing health he was obliged to seek other localities, and after numerous changes finally settled at Northum- l>erland, where he is now practicing, having regained his health. On leaving, he sold his practice to Dr. P. A. Boyer, who now has his residence and office at the same place. During the Rebellion Dr. Sheets was in the service of the United States. J. O. Nipple was born at Millerstown, Perry County ; was graduated Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from Jefferson ]\Iedical College, March 12, 1873; practiced at Madisonburg, Centre County, and afterwards moved to Port Treverton, where he continues to practice. H. H. BoRDNER, of Shamokin Dam, was born in Berrysburg, Dauphin County, January 9, 1841, a son of John, and grandson of Peter Bordner, one of the earliest settlers of Lykens Valley. His mother was Susanna, daughter of Balthaesar Bamberger. He was educated in the common school ; afterwards graduated from Berrysburg Seminary and Millersburg High 1456 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. School, and followed teaching for a while. At the invasion of Pennylvania by the rebels he joined the Pennsylvania State Militia, which, after a short service, were sent back. He joined Company A., Two Hundred and Tenth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, at its organ- ization in Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, August 12, 1864, and participated in its several engage- ments. He was wounded while on a charge, by the bursting of a shell, at Hatcher's Run, Sunday, February 5, 1865, and received injur- ies in the engagement, February 7, 1865, from which no recovery can be expected. He entered into the mercantile business in Logansport, Ind., August, 1865, and followed it about five years. He read medicine under Drs. N. W. Stroup and J. G. Reassler, of Valley View, Pa., and en- tered the University of Michigan October 1, 1872, from which he graduated in 1874. He practiced in Limestoneville, Montour County, Pa., until February, 1876, and then came to Shamokin Dam. He was married to H. S. Olivia Jane Gross, daughter of John Gross, on January 9, 1877. He was sent by the Medical Society as their representative delegate to tlie Pennsylvania State Medical Society. He prac- ticed at Beavertown from 1882 to 1884. In Marcli, 1885, he was appointed school director and secretary of the school board of Monroe district. Percuval Hekjian was born in Penn town- ship September 13, 1851. His birth-place was the house that was built and occupied for many years by his great-grandfather, Jacob Jarrett, who was one of the original settlers in this vicinity. His parents were Benjamin and Ly- dia Plerman. His great-grandparent and grandparent on his father's side were John and David Herman, respectively, the former of whom was one of the first settlers in the neigh- borhood of Kratzerville. About one hundred years ago the elder Herman and Jarrett, with their families, came to this I'egion from the east- ern part of the State — the former from Lehigh and the latter from Northampton County. Until he was seventeen years old Dr. Her- man attended the common schools. In 1868 the directors endeavored to find a teacher for the school of which he was a pupil, and finally he. though not yet seventeen years of age, was re- quested to take charge of the school, which he did. In due time he broughtthe term toaclose success- fully. After the next harvest was over he was informed by his father that if he desired to go to school, he would release him. From this time he has been self-dependent. After finishing a term of school at Beavertown he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Isaac D. Con- rad ; then engaged to teach the Salem School, Penn District, for the term of 1872-73. He spent the winter of 1873-74 in Detroit Medi- cal College. In 1875 he entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and in February was graduated. He came home and located in Kratzerville, where he continues to reside. He is a member of the Lutheran Church. In 1878 he was married to Joanna Beaver, daughter of J. S. Beaver, of Kratzerville, de- ceased. Dr. Herman has been twice elected as county coroner. I. Grier Barber was born near Mifflin- burg, Union County, March 7, 1853. He ob- tained his education in the public schools, Mif- flinburg Academy and the State Normal School, at Bloomsburg ; taught school for several terms iiT Luzerne County ; read medicine under Dr. S. L. Van Valzah, of Mifflinbiirg; was graduated from Jefferson Medical College March 7, 1877. Commenced practicing at Centreville, and in October, 1878, located at Middleburg, where he still resides, engaged in his profession. Dr. Barker has been a meml)er of the Council and treasurer of the borough of Middleburg. In 1882 he established, in con- nection with his practice, a drug-store, which he still conducts. In 1885 he received the ap- pointment of postmaster at Middleburg. His parents are Samuel S. and Emma M. (Forster) Barker. On the 15th of February, 1883, Dr. Barber was married to Kate E. Wittenmyer, of Middleburg. Isaac R. Sweigart was born at McVey- town, ]\Iifi9in County ; educated at Kishaco- quillas Seminary June 25,1875; was gradu- ated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery June 21, 1877. In August fol- lowing he located at Bannerville, and, after practicing a few years, moved out of the county. SNYDER COUNTY. 1457 John C. Shuman was born near Milton, June 12, 1852. His parents are George and Catharine Slimuan. Dr. Shuman was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa, February lo, 1877. For the last eight years he has been practieing at Troxelville ; is married to Miss Savilla C. Bingaman. AVii,i,iA>[ Grant Morris practiced for a short time at 8hamokin Dam, about 1879, and then left the county. H. F. W(mER, a native of the county, prac- ticed for some years at McKee's Half Falls, but is now located at Iiiver])ool. He was grad- uated from Jetferson Medical College, March 15, 1878. J. W. Sampsel was born in Snyder County, March 22, 1852. He was a son of Hopnia and Ann Sampsel, the eldest of three children. He obtained his education in the common schools and Freeburg Academy ; read medicine; then entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1876, where he took his first course. In 1877 he matriculated at the JeiFerson JNIedical College and was graduated from that institution in 1878, when he located at Penn's Creek, and has been practicing at that place. He was mar- ried, December 27, 1881, to Henrietta A. Span- gler, daughter of George C. and JMary A. Span- ler. Frank J. Wagenseller is a native of Se- lin's Grove, the eldest son of Dr. P. R. Wagen- seller, whose sketch appears on a preceding page ; was educated in the public schools and at the Missionary Institute ; read medicine under the instructions of his uncle. Dr. B. F. Wagenseller ; entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he attended the full course of lectures, and was graduated March 16, 1878. Since then he has been in continuous practice at Selin's (irove. Geor<;e B. Weiser, Jr., M.D., the subject of this sketch, was born at Georgetown, Nor- thumberland County, Pa., September 7th, 1857. When oidy four years old he became an or- phan, through the death of his father, and was left to the care of a widowed mother. Hon. J. B. Packer, of Sunbury, who was his first guar- dian, was succeeded by Andrew Ditty, Esq., of Georgetown. He attended the subscrijition schools in his native place until he arrived at the age of twelve years, when, in 1869, he was sent to the Freeburg Academy, where he re- mained one year. He subsequently attended the Berrysburg Seminary and Sunbury Acad- emy. At the age of sixteen he became a clerk in the shipping department of the Mineral Railroad and Mining Company's office. When only eighteen years of age he commenced reading medicine with B. L. Kercher, M.D., and graduated at the Jefferson Medical Col- lege, at Philadelphia, in March, 1879. He also took a special course on skin diseases at the Pennsylvania Free Dispensary, Philadelphia, and an extra course in anatomy at the Pliiladeljjhia School of Anatomy. Having pursued a good course of literary studies, and being in possession of a first-class medical education, he entered upon the practice of his noble profession at Mc- Kee's Half Falls, Snyder County, in the sjjring of 1879, w'here he has continued to practice until this date. By assiduous application to study and strict attention to the duties of his profes- sion, he has acquired a very extensive practice, which extends ov'er a large territory in Suyder, Juniata, Perry, and across the Susquehanna River into Northumberland County. Dr. Weiser is a young man of progressive ideas. He keeps pace with the march of prog- ress, and he reads the leading medical Journals of the day, and his judgment concerning diseases and opinions on medical subjects are regarded with the highest respect by his patrons, and also by the medical profession. He is so intensely devoted to his profession that he is still unmar- ried. He is a young man of a sociable disposi- tion. He takes an interest in the local affairs of the township in which he resides, and at the annual settlements of the township has for five years kept the books, where his neat and ready penmanshij) bear the evidences of skill in business transactions. His ancestors are of German extraction, and he is a lineal descendant of Conrad Weiser, the great Indian agent, who was employed by the colonial Governor of the State, and who exer- cised more influence over the Indian race alontr the Susquehanna Valley than any other man. 1458 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. He settled many disputes, thus avoiding blood- shed. A more extended notice of this noted man will he found in the general Indian history giv- en in this work. Another of his early ancestry is Captain Ben- jamin Weiser, who commanded a company at Philadelphia, January 30, 1777, from what is now Union County. (See page 104, for muster- roll of said company.) His grandfather, George Weiser, was born in daughters are still living at Sunbury, viz.: Ijou- isa, widow of Captain Charles J. Brunner, de- ceased, who was a leading attorney-at-law at Sunbury, and from 1869 to 1S83 United States intei-nal revenue collector; Elizabeth, widow of J. Weiser Bassleodder, who was an extensive merchant for many years at Sunbury; Amelia, widow of Rev. Fisher, deceased, a He- formed minister. Of the sons, Dr. George Bu- cher Weiser alone survives, who also graduated Berks County, and moved with his father to Buffalo Valley when quite young. He after- wards moved to Sunbury, and became one of its early settlers and prominent citizens, and was extensively engaged in the tanning business until the time of his death, which occurred about the year 1855. He was mai-ried to a Miss Bucher, of Sunbury, by whom he had seven children, — tour daughters and three sons. The at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and practiced medicine successively at Shamokin, Georgetown, Sunbui'y and, for the past thirty years, at Millersburg, liaving practiced forty- three years. The other son, Dr. Cliarles Shin- del Weiser (named in honor of Rev. J. P. Shin- del, deceased, an eminent Lutheran minister of Sunbury), was born at Sunbury about the year 1829. He was tlie father of our present subject. SNYDER COUNTY. 1459 He received a thorough literary education, and became an accomplished musician. He also graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in the year 1850. After practicing a short time in Northumberland County he went to Ohio, and entered into copartnership with an old physician, but subsequently returned and commenced prac- ticing at Georgetown, becomino- the successor of his brother. Dr. George B. Weiser. He became the leading physician of the locality, and was frequently called to neighboring towns for con- sultition. He married Miss Sarah Brosius, an adopted daughter of George Brosius, deceased, who was largely engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits. During an epidemic of measles he contracted a malignant type of the disease, and died in August, 18(31. Two chil- dren survive him, — -Elizabeth C. AVeiser and Dr. George B. Weiser, Jr. The foregoing sketch discloses the facts that the Weisers are descendants of noble parentage and tliat the medical profession was their favor- ite pursuit. J. T. Strohecker is a native of Wayne, Clinton County. After graduating at Jefferson Medical College, March 12, 1879, he located at Beavertown, and commenced the practice of his profession. J. O. Wagner was born at Kratzerville ; is a son of Y. H. Wagner, a prominent citizen of Jackson township. Dr. Wagner is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, having been graduated March 4, 1 880. He first located at Kratzerville, but soon after- wards at Adamsburg, where he is still engaged in an active practice. Marand Rothrock, sou of Dr. Roswell Rothrock, was born in Millville, Clarion County, May 12, 1854. His childhood was spent in Xew Bethlehem, Beavertown and Ban- uerville. He read medicine under the instruc- tion of his father, then practicing at Bannerville, and, in 1879, commenced attending lectures at the College of Pliysiciaus and Surgeons, in Bal- timore, from which institution he graduated March 1, 1881. He located permanently at Fremont, Snyder County, wlicre he still re- sides. P. A. Boyer was born at Richfield, Juniata County, October 24, 1856. His father was Henry S. Boyer, a son of Francis A. Boyer, of Freebnrg. His mother, Amelia Boyer, still living, is a daugiiter of George Glass, also of Freeburg. Dr. Boyer acquired his elementary education in the public schools, afterwards attending the Mis- sionary Institute at Selin's Grove, and the State Normal School, at Sliipjiensburg. Studied med- icine under the preceptorship of Dr. J. W. Sheets, and was graduated from the University of Penn.sylvania March 15, 1881. He soon after located at Selin's Grove, as successor to Dr. Sheets, and has continued a successful jjractice ever since. In November, 1882, he married Miss Flora Carey, only daughter of A. M. Carey, a prominent citizen of the place. G. ED(iAR Hassixger was born in Franklin township, Snyder County, Augast 11, 1857, was educated in the common schools at Se- lin's Grove, and at Bloomsburg State Normal School ; taught .school with success ; studied medicine and was graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1881. He at once located at Middleburg, where he is still practicing. LTnder President Arthur's administration he was appointed postmaster at Middleburg, and .'served the public acceptably. He resigned the office for the purpo.se of giving more time and attention to his chosen profession. Edward W. Tool was born on Staten Is- land, N. Y., June 28, 1851. His parents were of Irish birth, and both labored hard in humble capacities to make a living and support for their children. Until twelve years of age he attended the common schools. Owing to the poverty of his parents and his being the oldest of the chil- dren, young Tool was compelled to stay out of school a great deal. At the age of twelve, both his father and mother were suddenly taken from him, their deaths occurring only seven days apart. An uncle, his fatlier's brother, then took him and cared for him a siiort time, when he was .sent to another uncle, at Wilkesbarre. He came to Port Treverton, Snyder Countv, in July, 1866, and here and in the vicinity en- gaged in various occupations, as he liad in Wilkesbarre. In 1869 lie entered tiie employ of Hon. William G. Herrold, with whom he re- mained until Mr. Herrold's death, in 1880. His 1460 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. employer started him on the road to success — sending him to scliool at the Missionary Insti- tute, atSelin's Grove, and afterwards the Normal School at the same place, where he fitted himself as a teacher. He then taught school iive winters. He studied medicine under the instruction of Dr. J. W. Sheets, attended lectures at the Baltimore College of Physicians and Surgeons, and was o-raduated therefrom in 1 88 1 , and located at Free- burg, where he is still engaged in a large and remunerative practice. Some time after locating at Freeburg he married Miss Jennie Mertz, youngest daughter of the late P. P. Mertz. H. J. Smith, a son of John A. Smith, was born at Adamsburg ; is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; commenced practice at Mt. Pleasant Mills, Snyder County, and, after several years, removed to Adams- burg. Elsie Mitman was the fourth of a family of nine children ; was born at Winfield, Union County, February 12, 1843, of German parent- age, her father being Joseph Mitman, her moth- er Sallie Ann, a daughter of Frederic Alexan- der Rosen. The family settled at Winfield in 1838, having immigrated from Northampton County. She received a good, common-school educa- tion, and, at the age of fourteen years, was se- lected to teach in the public schools of Penu township, to which section the family had then removed. She continued in this field of labor fifteen years. During 1858 and 1859 she at- tended the Freeburg Ac'ademy. In the winter of 1874 she went to Freeburg, and, in company with her sister Violetta, established a drug- store, which was opened July 1, 1875. The ven- ture proved quite successful, but failing health induced her to sell out in 1877. The next year and a half was passed in the life insurance busines.%; but, having long contemplated a med- ical education, she, in October, 187'.^, became a "progressive three years' course" student at the " Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania," from which she was graduated in 1882. She has been in successful practice since.' • While this work was passing through the press intelli- gence was received that Miss E. Mitman, M.D., Jied (luring the early part of March, 188(j. J. J. Greenhoe was born at Adamsburg ; is a graduate of the Baltimore Medical College, having graduated March 7, 1882 ; has been practicing his profession at Fremont. S. D. Shine was V)orn at Hilltown, Bucks County ; graduated March 7, 1882, from the Baltimore Medical College, and located at Ban- nerville. J. W. Seip is a native of Moore township, Northampton County, and was born April 4, 1860. He is of German extraction, his parents being James and Christianna (Herman) Seip. Dr. Seip is the eighth of a family of twelve children, of whom four brothers and three sisters are still living. After teaching for some time he acquired sufficient means to enable him to prosecute the stud)' of medicine, which he had had in view for some time. After reading for eighteen months with different physicians, he entered Jefferson Medical College September 28, 1881. After pursuing the full course of lectures at that institution, he was graduated April 2, 1883. He immediately began the practice of his profession at Kresgeville, Monroe County. On the 9th day of August, 1884, he located at Kreamer, Snyder County, where he still con- tinues to practice. Dr. Seip was married to Miss Sena Sannels, a Danish lady. John H. Myers was born in Allegheny County ; graduated from Baltimore Medical College Ai)ril 12, 1883. He has practiced at Lillyville, IMitfiin County, and at Beuvertowu. CHAPTER IV. Educational Matters — Contests Upon School Measures — County Superintendents.! The first schools were taught in old, unoccu- pied buildings, spring-houses and dwelling- houses. The earliest houses were constructed of logs, and roofed with clapboards. They were generally very small, some not more than fourteen by eighteen feet, and had only a few small windows, and were neither jilastered nor ceiled. Those built prior to 1834 had long desks along the wall and high slab benches, and 1 By I'roi'. Daniel S. Boyer. SNYDER COUNTY. 1461 a large wood-stove in the middle. Tlie benches for all sizes of scholars were of the same height and without backs. Nearly all the earliest teachers were Germans, either native-born or foreigners. Those of European birtli were generally well educated. Most of the English teaching was done by persons who could not speak the English language. Qualified teachers being scarce, persons were urged to teach school who could barely read and write. Some who taught understood no arithmetic, and some could not read writing. As distilleries were very numerous, whisky-drinking was a common thing- anions; the earlv teachers of our county. Spelling and reading were the only branches at first taught. Writing was after- wards added for the boys, but was not consid- ered necessary for the girls. Next came arith- metic, but only for boys, who did not begin until they were fourteen or fifteen years of age. Occasionally a girl learned to write and cipher. Grammar and geography was only necessary for " lawyers, doctors and preachers." Many chil- dren pursued what branches they pleased. The first task was to learn the a, b, c. Chil- dren were compelled to " say their lessons " until they knew them. Then came spelling, from one to eight syllables. Reading was reached through spelling. Teachers could give very little assistance in pronunciation. Copy- books were made of foolscap. The teachers wrote the copies and mended the pointed goose- ([uill. In 1854 the minimum free-school term was four months, and in 1872, five months. The monthly pay of teachers under the free school system ranged from twelve dol- lars to twenty-five, the teacher " boarding around " with the pupils. Nothing ever met with more determined opposition than the free- school system. The following account of an " anti-school " meeting, held at New Berlin, will explaiij the feeling in Union and Snyder Counties : " ANTI-SCHOOL MEETING, 1834." " Agreeably to public notice, the citizens of Union County opposed to the school law passed at the last session of the Legislature, met at the court-house, in New Berlin, on Thursday, the 18th September, 'From Linn's "Buffalo Valley.' when Henry Yearick, Esq., was called to the chair ; Robert Taylor, Esq., was ajjpointed vice-president; and John Montelius and John Snyder were appointed secretaries. On motion of the Honorable George Kremer, a committee of fifteen were appointed to draft preamble and resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting ; whereupon, the following persons were appointed, viz. : " George Kremer, Peter Richter, Doctor John G. Piper, Frederick Pontius, Abbot Green, John Boyer, Frederick Kremer, John S. Ingram, George Schnable, John Zigler, James Madden, Henry Rousb, Henry C. Eyer, John Snyder, John Reber, Jr. "After retiring a short time, returned and reported the following, which were unanimously adopted : " ^\^ereas, The Legislature of Pennsylvania, at their late session, passed a law known as the common- school law, the principles of which we consider dan- gerous to our rights and destructive of our interests ; therefore, be it " Besolved, That, in the opinion of this meeting, it behooves us to use every honorable means in our power to procure a prompt repeal of the law in ques- tion. " Resolved, That the chair appoint two persons from each township or borough in the county, as the case may be, whose duty it shall be to act as delegates for their respective districts, and bring with them the election returns, which will take place to-morrow, for the adoption or rejection of the school law, and report the same to this meeting. " Resolved, That should a school man, by mis- take, be selected by the chair, he shall be rejected by the anti-school delegate of that district, &c., who shall have full power to supply his place with a man opposed to the school law. " Resolved, This meeting adjourn to meet again at the court-house, in New Berlin, on Tuesday next, at one o'clock in the afternoon, and that the present officers are again requested to preside, to adopt further measures in relation to this oppressive law. " The following-named persons were appointed by the chair, as delegates from the several townships, to meet in New Berlin, on Tuesday, the 23d instant, viz: " East ^M/aZo.— Philip Ruhl, Peter Voneida. " Leu-ishiirgh. — William Hayes, Jacob Zentmire. " Kelly. — Laird Howard, George Meixell. " While Deer. — John Rank, Jacob Sypher. . " Union. — John S. Ingram, Michael Benfer. " Chapman. — Frederick Kremer, John Snyder. " Washiwjlon. — .lohn Boyer, Henry Hilbish. " Penn's. — Peter Richter, George Miller. " Perry. — George Shetterly, Sr., Joseph Schnee. " Centre. — George Kremer, Henry Bolender. '' Beaver. — John Highlcy, John Shipton. " Centreville. — Stephen Bruce, George Weirick. " Hartleton. — James Madden, George Ruhl. " West Buffalo. — Robert Taylor, John Reber, Jr. 1462 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. " Mifflinburg. — Henry Yeariek, John Montelius." — Times, September 19, 1834. " ANTI-SCHOOL DELEGATE MEETING. " At a meeting of the delegates appointed by the anti-school meeting of the 18th instant, held at the court-house, in New Berlin, on Tuesday last, Henry Yeariek, Esq., presided ; assisted by John Montelius and Captain John Snyder as secretaries. "The names of the delegates having been called, the following gentlemen were present, representing the different townships, as follows : " Union. — John S. Ingram, Michael Benfer. "Hartley. — James Madden, Esq., George Kuhl. " West Buffalo. — Robert Taylor, John Stees, Jr. " Mifflinburg. — Henry Yeariek, John Montelius. " East Buffalo.— P\i.\\\\> Euhl, Peter Voneida. " Lewisburgh. — George Schnable, Jacob Zentmire. " White Deer. — Jacob Sypher, Samuel Baker. " Kelly. — John Hummell, .Joseph Spotts. " Chapman. — John Snyder, Frederick Kremer. " Perm's. — Peter Kichter, George Miller. " Perry. — George Shetterly, Joseph Schnee. " Centre. — George Kremer, Henry Bolender. "Beaver. — John Highley, JohnShipton. " Washington. — John Boyer, Henry Hilbish. " On motion of James Madden, Esq., a committee of nine delegates were appointed by the chair to draft a preamble and resolutions, expressive of the sentiments of the delegation. " Whereupon, the chair appointed George Kremer, John S. Ingram, Peter Richter, Henry Hilbish, George Schnable, James Madden, Jacob Sypher, Philip Ruhl and John Reber, Jr. " The committee retired a short time and re|)orted the following, which were unanimously adopted : " Preamble and Resolutions. " Fellow-Citizen.s : Your committee view with deep interest the law of our last Legislature, creating a system of education by common schools. They con- sider it as affecting the interests and encroaching upon the rights of the honest and industrious citizens of the Commonwealth. They view the system as un- warranted by the Constitution, and at war with the interests of every useful member of the community ; as a system oi education was only asked, and not one of unjust and uneciual taxation. For these reasons, and others, we oppose the bill, urging our constitutional objections, and will merely here state its local effects upon the county of Union. " The $75,000 appropriated for common school pur- poses, of which Union County will be entitled to about $1100, is a fund arising from the unpatented lands in this Commonwealth. Owing to the scarcity of money, the law has, from year to year, been extended ; but as this amount is now ajjpropriated, and will be drawn out of the treasury, consequently, all those whose lands are unpatented will now be compelled to pay, as the finances of the Commonwealth will not warrant a longer credit. All men know its enormous debt and embarrassed condition. " By the law in question, Union County must raise $2200, double the amount of the appropriation, to en- title them to the proffer made by the Legislature. To this add our already exorbitant State tax of about $3000, and we have upwards of $5000 to pay by tax- ation, for merely receiving the bill. " Agreeable to the law, the six directors are to divide each township into as many school districts, and build as many school houses as they may think proper ; and this additional debt you will be bound to pay by taxation, which will amount to at least $809 for every township in the county, making a sum total of $17,000, adding the other taxes imposed by this bill. " To this may be added the teachers. Suppose each township have six teachers, who can not be engaged at a less expense than $250 per annum, each, making a gross amount of $1500 per annum for each town- ship, the whole cost for this purpose in the county would be $22,500. Deduct from this the $1100 jtrof- fered by the Legislature, and the people have $21,400 to pay for teachers, $17,000 for buildings, $2200 for accepting the proffer — making a sura total of $40,600, all to be paid by the people by various taxations. "Resolved, That five persons be appointed a com- mittee to draw petitions to be signed by the citizens of this county, praying the Legislature to repeal the school law for Union County. " Resolved, That the chair appoint two jiersons in each township, who shall have authority to appoint as many more as may be necessary in each township to solicit subscribers to said petition. "Resolved, That the chair appoint a committee of five persons, a corresiwnding committee to correspond with other committees in this Commonwealth to procure a repeal of the school law in this Commonwealth. ** " On motion, George Kremer, John S. Ingram and Philip Ruhl were appointed a committee to prepare and publish a petition for a repeal of the law in ques- tion. "The chair then appointed Peter Richter, John S. Ingram, George Kremer, George Schnable and John Reber, Jr., a committee of corresi^ondence in accord- ance with a resolution of the committee of nine. " On motion it was then Resolved, That the dele- gates of this convention act as township committees to circulate and procure signers to the petitions pray- ing for a repeal of the school law. "On motion of John S. Ingram, the secretary was called upon to report the votes at the different town- ship elections held on Friday, the 19th instant, which was carried and the following result exhibited, viz ; SNYDER COUNTY. 1463 Against For Townsbii s. Scliool. School. Union 205 Hartley 1-44 30 West Buffalo 187 7 Mifflinburg 67 41 East Buffalo 87 3 Levvisburgh 55 71 White Deer 26 52 Kelly 70 7 Chapman 71 1 Peun's 198 55 Perry 63 Centre 170 Beaver 192 Washington 85 1620 267 267 Balance vs. school 1353 votes." Meetings were held all over the State pro- testing against the school law, which was at first burdensome. It was amended in 1835 and 1836, and was accepted by the people generally. Union County, then embracing Snyder, soon after 1836 accepted the law. County Superintendents. — When the office of county superintendent was established, in 1854, it was violently opposed in some parts of the county. At one of the school-houses in the county a meeting was called for the purpose of explaining to the ])eople the object of the office. Xo organization could be effected, and Daniel S. Boyer, who had just been elected county superintendent, was not permitted to speak. Before the expiration of his term he was cordially received in that locality, and held many educational meetings, and public senti- ment became changed in favor of the office. The office has been successively held by the following persons : J. S. Whitman, of Free- burg, from July 5, 1854, to August 4, 1855, when David Heckei'dorn, of Adamslnirg, was appointed August 10, 1855, and held the office to June 3, 1857 ; Daniel S. Boyer, from June 3, 1857, to June, 1860; Samuel Alleman, of Middleburg, from June, 1860, to June, 1863; William Mover, of Freeburg, from June, 1863, to June, 1872 ; William Xoetling, of Selin's Grove, from 1872 to 1877, when he resigned, and Wm. P. Scharf was appointed to fill the unexpired term, and was elected in June, 1878, and served to 1881 ; Wm. Moyer, 1881 to 1884; and William H. Dill, of Freeburg, elected 1884. Mr. Whitman received $300; Mr. Boyer, $500; Mr. Alleman, $400; Mr. Moyer, $400, and $500 for six years; Mr. Noetling, $500; Mr. Scharf, $1000," which has been the salaiy fixed by law. Mr. Heckerdorn moved to Union County, where he was elected superintendent in 1857. He died soon after the expiration of his term of service. Wm. H. Dill, the present county superin- tendent, was born in Warwick, N. Y., August 26, 1842. At the age of sixteen he entered Rutgers College, N. J., where he graduated. He volunteered as a private when the war com- menced ; was soon promoted to a captaincy and major. He participated in many battles, the last one, Gettysburg, in our State. Prof. D. S. Bover secured him as a teacher in the Freeburg Academy, and he arrived in Freeburg on the evening of February 22, 1867, an entire stran- ger, and delivered an eloquent addi'ess the same evening. He was selected county superintend- ent in the spring of 1884, and is now in office. William Noetling was born in Union County ; graduated at Peirnsylvania College, Gettysburg, was one of the instructors at the Missionary In- stitute, at Selin's Grove, and principal of the Female College at Selin's Grove, when elected county superintendent. He resigned the office of county superintendent to fill one of the chairs in the Bloomsburg State Normal School, which position he still holds. He takes great interest in Teachers' Institutes and is a popular in.struc- tor. Snyder County Teai-hers' In.stitute. — The first session of the Snyder County Teachers' Institute was held at Selin's Grove Decemljer 27, 1857. Daniel S. Boyer, then county superin- tendent, presided ; J. M. Stack, secretary. A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and male teachers were admitted by paying fifty cents admi.ssion ; females free. The session continued four days, and Prof. J. F. Stoddard was the principal instructor. The session of 1859 was held at Freeburg ; of 1 860, at Adams- burg. The session of UsiJl was held at Middle- burg. Four annual sessions were held at Free- 1464 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. burs, and also four at Selin's Grove. For a number of years the sessions have been held in the court-house at Middleburg. Tlie twenty-eighth session was held at Mid- dleburg, December 7 to 11, 1885. One hun- dred and eleven out of one hundred and fifteen teachers responded. Regular annual sessions were held from 1857 to 1885. In former years it was customary for teachers to select the place of meeting, but the time and place of the uncle. General Philip Boyer, was sheriff of Mootgomery County, and was the father of Hon. B. M. Boyer, president judge of the Mont- gomery County Courts, and for two terms a member of Congress. Professor Daniel S. Boyer was only eight years old when his father died, but he was left under the influence and guid- ance of a Christian mother. He was a pupil in the subscription schools at Freebui-g, taught by Burge, Burr, Montelius, Naille and others, and /^'t^t^ ///^ /y.,^ recent meetings were selected by the county superintendent. Daniel S. Boyer was born at Freeburg, July 9, 1 827, the youngest of a family of three sisters and three brothers. John Boyer, his father, was born in Montgomery County ; was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Mathias SJiotz, and died in Freeburg, January 23, 1837. His graudfother, Philip Boyer, also came from Montgomery County and died at Freeburg, December 24, 1 832, aged eighty-six years. His also attended the Classical Institute at Berrys- burg, under the instructions of A. B. Sprout; he commenced teaching school in his native town at the age of sixteen and continued ten successive terms. In 1857 he was elected county super- intendent of public schools and served one term, durins' which term he conducted many local institutes in his county and delivered many cd- ucatit)nal addresses. He next became assistant teacher in tiie Freeburg Academy. During 1860 and 1861, and upon the retirement of Mr. SNYDER COUNTY. 1465 Millet, was elected principal, which position he filled for ten years, during which time the school attained its greatest reputation, He has been president and secretary of the Freeburg Acad- emy for twenty-one years, and owns a large por- tion of the stock of the institution. He is now serving his fifth term as a justice of the peace — a period of twenty-four years. Mr. Boyer was five years secretary of the " Snyder County Ag- ricultural Society " and eight years president of the " Union Agricultural Association," is a stockholder of the Agricultural Society at Gratz, Dauphin County, and delivered the annual ad- dresses at that fair for five successive years. These speeches contained valuable information on the subject of agriculture. He is fond of agricultural pursuits, and knows how to work with his own hands in the various departments of farming. When Hon. Isaac Slenker was auditor- general of Pennsylvania Mr. Boyer served at the military claims desk, at Harrisburg, as clerk. He was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention at Pittsburgh in 1874, and cast his vote for Judge Woodwai-d. In 1875 he was appointed bank assessor for Snyder and Centre Counties by Auditor-General Temple. He has been a deacon, elder and secretary of the Lutheran Church at Freeburg for a number of years, and is well versed in the history of the Lutheran Chm-eh and general church literature. He has served as superintendent of the Sunday- school for thirty-two successive years, and takes an interest in the Sunday-school cause. He has written many articles, on various subjects, for the press, and for some time furnished local items for four newspapers in Sn^'der County, has written a series of articles on the life of ex- Governor Snyder, and, in May, 1885, prepared the historical address at the unveiling of the monument erected to the memory of the late Governor Snyder. His oldest sister, Mary Ann, is the wife of F. C. Moyer, living in Freeburg. Polly, living in Berrysburg, Dauphin County, is the wife of H. C. Beshler, M.I)., a prominent phy- sician of that place. Sarah, living at Berrysburg, the widow of Simon P. Lark, whose son, H. L. Lark, Esq., was a member of the Dauphin County bar, but now a citizen of Peabody, Kas., where he is engaged in the banking and real estate business, and is intermarried with Loy- etta, a daughter of Colonel John P. Tressler, founder of the Orphans' Home at Loysville, Pa., His oldest brother, Henry J. Boyer, now lives in Chicago, and is the father of Allen Boyer, one of the most noted short-hand writers of the West. William S. Boyer, Esq., a brother, lives in Gratz, where he is at present engaged in agriculture and served also one full term as a justice of the peace. In 1852 Professor Boyer married Miss Leah J. Snyder, of Berrys- burg. They had five children, all of whom died in infancy. Having no children to care for, yet Mr. and INIi-s. Boyer take great pleasure in making hajjpy the children who are frequent visitors to their home. They are given to hos- pitality, and many relatives and acquaintances are entertained beneath their hospitable roof. He is a close student, and devotes his time to reading, writing and giving information to his fellow-men, who frequently call on him for ad- vice and counsel. He contributes liberally to educational and church purposes, and firmly believes that " it is more blessed to give than to receive. CHAPTER V. THE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE GRANGES. Snyder Coitnty Agricultural Society. — This society was incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas of Snyder County at May term, 1860. There were three hundred and thirty names appended to the original constitution. The following signed the petition to court for articles of incorporation : Daniel S. Boyer, George Hilbish, Solomon Malick, T. Bower, Joseph Yoimg, John Straub, John L. Reninger, Theo. Swineford, John Hilbish, Henry Schoch, D. J. Bogar, Michael Diehl, J. W. Reninger, J. P. Cronimiller, R. W. Smith, T. J. Smith, J. Y. Shindel, H. A. Smith, J. P. Bogar, I. Walter, J. Bolender, L. S. Herrold, J. C. Wal- ter, J. P. Smith, J. S. Hassinger, W. L. Has- singer, S. Alleman, J. A. Schoch, J. S. Hacken- berg and A. J. Peters. " May 23, 1860, Thomas 1466 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Bower was elected president ; J. S. Hackenberg, secretary, R. W. Smith, treasurer. At a meeting held in the court-house at Mid- dleburg, June 21, 1862, proposals were re- ceived from Kratzerville, Freeburg and Selin's Grove, each oifering twenty-five dollars, and Middleburg offered thirty dollars. Middleburg offering the highest bid, it was agreed to hold the first fair iu that place 1st, 2d and 3d of October. In consequence of the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion and the unsettled condition of the country, no fair was held. This society lay in a dormant state for a period of nine years, until March 1, 1870, when a meeting was held in the court-house at Middleburg for the purpose of electing officers, which resulted in the election of Thomas Bower, president ; Daniel S. Boyer, secretary ; T. J. Smith, corresponding secretary ; Allen Schoch, treas- urer; C. L. Fisher, librarian; J. P. Croni- miller, geologist ; T. B. Kantz, chemist. At a subsequent meeting it was decided to hold the first fair at Freeburg October 3, 4 and 5, 1870. The first and second the weather was favorable ; the last day rainy. The receipts of the fair were |631.72. S. C. Wilt, of Hartleton, de- livered an agricultural address in Boyer's Hall durino- the fair. The next annual fair was held at Selin's Grove October 2, 3 and 4, 1871. The citizens of Se- lin's Grove obligated themselves to pay three hundred and fifty dollars into the funds of the society. The receipts at this fair were $970.53. A. K. McClure, of Philadelphia, delivered an agricultural address. The next annual fair was held at Middleburg October 1, 2 and 3, 1872. The citizens of Middleburg had obligated them- selves to pay three hundred and five dollars, fur- nish the ground and grade the course. The pro- ceeds of this fair were $760.70. The officers elected in 1870 were re-elected for four succes- sive years. This society then purchased five acres forty-seven perches of land from Albright Swineford for one thousand and forty-two dol- lars, and five acres one hundred and forty-one perches from Samuel Bowen, for nine hundred and fifty-eight dollars, in the borough of Mid- dleburg. The fourth annual fair was held at Middle- burg September 30, October 1 and 2, 1873, on the grounds purchased, where permanent build- ings had been erected. At the election held January 5, 1874, Jacob Gross was elected pres- ident ; T. J. Smith, secretary ; W. W. Witten- meyer, corresponding secretary ; John S, Has- singer, treasurer ; Dr. A. M. Smith, chemist ; Dr. J. Y. Shindel, librarian. At the election held January 4, 1885, William H. Beaver was elected president. M. L. Hassinger and the other officers who served the year previous were re-elected. After the lands were purchased a considerable debt remained on the premises. In consequence of bad weather at the fairs held in 1874 and 1875, not a sufficient amount was realized to pay the current expenses. The grounds of the society were sold to pay the remaining debt. Daniel Bolender, Esq., became the purchaser, and he held several successful fairs, but finally abandoned it, and the ground is now used for agricultural purposes. Patrons of Husbandry.' — The history of the Patrons of Husbandry of Snyder County is so intimately connected with the history' of the order throughout the country that it would be impossible to give an intelligent history of the order, locally, without including a general re- view of the order. The order of Patrons of Husbandry was first established in the year 1867, at Washington, D. C. Its object was to unite the fai'ming community in one common brotherhood ; to educate aud improve the agri- cultural population by association, co-operation and a mutual discussion of subjects tending to improve aud elevate the life of the farmer ; and this organization adopted for its name the word grange, which means a farm with buildings. The first few years the order did not make much headway. But owing to an act of Con- gress, making national currency redeemable at par, the price of grain was brought to a gold basis while the laborer, mechanic, merchant and manufacturer still held their labor and goods at prices previously obtained iu depre- ciated currency. The result was that co-opera- tion in buying and selling, which was a second- ary object of the Grange, became its principal ' By Miss V. Mitmau. SNYDER COUNTY. 1467 object. The order from this time on spread very rapidly. The State of Missouri alone or- ganized over two thousand Granges. Co-op- erative stores were started, fire and life insurance companies were organized in the interest of the Grange. The Patrons of California shipped their own grain to Europe ; the Patrons of Iowa united in compelling railroads to lower their freight rates; the rights of barbed fence-wire monopoly were contested iu the courts ; the Fruit Exchange in the State of Delaware was suggested by the Grange. Pennsylvania has, up to this date, organized nearly eight hundred Granges. Arrangements have been made with wholesale houses in Phila- delphia and Pittsburgh by which Patrons of this State can buy goods of every variety at wholesale rates, also in disposing of produce. Quite a number of Patrons have been elected to the Legislature and other important offices. The State Grange is at present endeavoring to have laws enacted to equalize taxation of prop- erty and prevent railroad discrimination in freight rates. Suj'der County joined the Grange movement in 1874. Monroe Grange, Xo. 191, iu Monroe town- ship, was organized by R. H. Thomas (W. Secretary of the State Grange) April 4, 1874, with twenty-two charter members; sixteen men and six women. Robert Lesher was elected Worthy Master, John App, Worthy Secretary. Ruth Grange, No. 323, in Chapman town- ship, was organized August 15, 1874, by Rob- ert Lesher, W. Deputy for Snyder County, with twenty-five charter members — seventeen men and eight women. David Reber, W. M.; John C. Kreitzer, W. Sec. Adam Grange, No. 481, iu Perry township, was organized February 19, 1875, by W. D. Robert Lesher, with twenty-seven charter mem- bers— seventeen men and ten women. John R. Fisher, W. M.; Levi Kepler, W. Sec. Union Grange, No. 544, in Union township, was organized April 23, 1875, by W. D. Rob- ert Lesher, with thirty charter members — seven- teen men and thirteen women. Isaac S. Long- acre, W. M.; Elias S. Stahl, W. Sec. Penn Grange, No. 569, in Penn township, was organized June 18, 1875, by W. D. Robert Lesher, with thirteen charter members — nine men and four women. W. M., Wm. J. Wag- enseller; W. Sec; Christian F. Kantz. West Beaver Grange, No. 726, in West Bea- ver township, was organized November 14, 1876, by W. D. Robert Lesher, with seventeen char- ter members — nine men and eight women. Ja- cob J. Mattern, W. M. ; A. A. Romig, W. Sec. Beaver Grange, No. 740, in Beaver town- ship, was organized July 24, 1877, by W. D. Isaac S. Longacre, with twenty-four charter members — fourteen men and ten women. John Hetrick, W. M. ; Reuben Greenhoe, W. Sec. Centre Grange, No. 753, in Centre township, was organized December 9, 1878, by W. D. Isaac S. Longacre, with thirteen charter mem- bers— nine men and four women. Nathaniel Walter, W. M. ; J. C. Bowersox, W. Sec. The total number initiated to the order in the county to date is five hundred, being three hun- dred and eighteen men and one hundred and eighty-two women. Of these, Monroe Grange initiated sixty-six memb.irs (men, forty-five ; women, twenty-one) ; Ruth Grange, eighty -seven (men, fifty-nine ; women, twenty-eight). Un- ion Grange, seventy-five (men, forty-five ; women, thirty) ; Penn Grange, one hundred and five (men, sixty ; women, forty-five) ; West Beaver Grange, sixty-two (men, thirty-eight ; women, twenty-four) ; Beaver Grange, fifty- two (men, thirty-six ; women, sixteen) ; Centre Grange, nineteen (men, twelve ; women, seven) ; Adam Grange, thirty-four (men, twenty-three ; women, eleven). Union Grange and West Beaver Grange built and own their own halls. Ruth Grange and Penn Grange have co-opera- tive stores. The Snyder County Pomona Grange, No. 35, was organized at Middleburg February 23, 1881, by W. State Deputy J. A. Herr, of Clin- ton County, Pa. The following were elected officers : W. M., Isaac S. Longacre ; W. O., Wm. J. Wagenseller ; W. Lecturer, Robert Lesh- er; W. Chaplain, H. P. App ; W. Steward, A. A. Romig ; W. Assistant Steward, D. J. Hassin- ger; W. Secretary, Miss V. Mitman ; W. Treasurer, John Hetrick ; W. Gate-Keeper, J. H.Hendricks; W. Ceres, Mrs. Elmira App ; 1468 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. W. Pomona, Mrs. Rebecca Wagenseller ; W. Flora, Mrs. Mary Longacre ; W. L. A. S., Mrs. Anna Longacre. The Pomona Grange has, since its organiza- tion, initiated sixty-nine members — forty-six men and twenty-three women. The Grange is undoubtedly the best insti- tution ever organized for the benefit of the farming community, but its success depends en- tirely on the fidelity and perseverance of its members. The cares and household duties of farm-life are apt to engross too much of the time that should be devoted to social improvement, and instead of making farm-life a jOy and delight, the farmer places himself in Egyptian bondage to those whose whole study is, how to profit by the labor of their farmer brethren. Population of Snyder County. Towns. 1820 1830 1840 1850 1800 1870 1880 Beaver Centre 2036 2094 2280 2130 1060 2609 1891 1297 1659 2171 1601 1805 994 1764 1351 709 1766 886 1007 934 712 370 674 1126 1415 1016 1463 1091 1541 1131 585 1407 1060 1126 1247 ■ 728 398 Middle Creek .... 662 614 600 1092 1227 1066 1261 727 1177 Penn's "Perry 2099 1330 2304 1097 2280 1264 2736 1341 1373 1212 1431 1253 Washington 1437 1097 1135 1238 1192 1370 1172 636 1725 1355 West Perr y 789 831 I ° 8806 9968 11028 12462 15036 15606 17839 CHAPTER VI. SELIN'S GEOVE. Along the western bank of the Susquehanna, surrounded by fertile fields and woodland dells, in the midst of picturesque landscapes, fifty miles north of the capital of the State, stands the borough of Selin's Grove, with its fifteen hundred inhabitants. As early as 1755 an extensive settlement was made by the Scotch-Irish from Kittatinny Val- ley, at Penn's Creek, a few miles below Sunbury. Since part of this settlement was at a place now embraced in the upper part of Selin's Grove, it will no doubt prove interesting to its citizens. Among these settlers we find the names of John McCahan, George Gliwell, George Suabble, Abraham Sourkill, George Auchmudy, Jacob Le Roy (King), George Linn, Dennis Muckle- henny, Gotfried Fryer, Daniel Brough, George Aberheart, John Simmons, William Daran, Mark Curry, John Young and Edmund Ma- thews. On October 15, 1755, this settlement was attacked by the Indians, who had become unfriendly, and all, including the men, women and children, excejrting one man, were either killed or made prisoners. Their houses were destroyed and their fields turned into a wilder- ness. The following description of the massa- cre will give the reader some conception of the horrors and privations which our forefathers encountered in order to prepare the way for our present comfort and prosperity : "We, the subscribers, living near the mouth of Penn's Creek, on the west side of the Susquehanna, humbly show that, on or about the 16th October, the enemy came down upon said creek, killed, scalped and carried away all the men, women and children, amount- ing to twenty-five in number, and wounded one man, who, fortunately, made his escape and brought us the news. Whereupon the subscribers went out and bur- ied the dead. We found thirteen, who are men and elderly women, and one child, two weeks old; the rest being young women and children, we suppose to be carried away. The house (where we suppose they fin- ished their murder) we found burned up, the man of it, named Jacob King, a Svvisser, lying just by it. He lay on his back, barbarously burned, and two toma- hawks sticking in his forehead; one of them newly marked W. D. We have sent them to your honor. The terror of which has drove away all the inhabit- ants except us. We are willing to stay and defend the land, but need arms, ammunition and assistance. Without them we must flee and leave the country to the mercy of the enemy." About five days after this massacre a party of forty-five men, under the command of John Harris, the founder of Harrisburg, set out from Harris' Ferry for the purpose of pacifying the Indians and restoring the friendly relations which had for some time heretofore existed. After having visited the scene of the massacre, they proceeded to Shamokin (Sunbury) for the purposeof accomplishing the object of their visit. But the Indians were distrustful and inclined to murder and rapine, and seeing this, the Harris party departed toward their homes. SNYDER COUNTY. 1469 Before leaving they were advised to take the east side of the river ou their return ; but, mis- trusting the advice, they crossed over and pro- ceeded down toward the mouth of Penu's Creek, wliere, after having crossed the creek, they were attaclced by a party of Indians in ambush. A figlit ensued, but the natives outnumbering the wiiites, put the latter to flight across the river. In this fight Harris lost seven men, and in cross- ing five were drowned ; the Indians lost five. Harris made a remarkable escape. Being mounted upon his horse, he was entreated by one of his party, a large and corpulent doctor, to be allowed to ride behind him. It was for- tunate for Harris that he yielded to the doctor's request, as he had proceeded but a short distance into the river when the doctor fell, mortally wounded by a rifle-ball. Urging on his steed, he continued his flight, when his horse also was taken from him through the sure aim of the enemy. Harris was thus compelled to swim to the eastern shore, and in this manner made his escape. All this occurred in the neighborhood of where the Maine Saw-Mill now stands. The scene of this fight was shortly after marked by driving a wedge into a linden sapling, and is now included within the limits of the borough of Selin's Grove. Before penning these lines the writer visited the spot in order to ascertain if, after a period of one hundred and thirty yciirs, any traces of this sapling still existed. There, almost at the water's edge stood the re- mains of what had grown to be a mighty tree. Upon measurement, it was found to be eleven feet, three inches around the trunk. The to[i liml)s were mostly gone ; the tree has become hollow, witli an opening on the west side of three feet in width, from the ground up. On the south side, about nine feet from the ground, are the plain evidences of where the wedge was driven, since there is an opening in the v shape, from the lower part of which, down to the ground, is a distinct split, which extends through tu tlie inside and bears the indications of many years' existence. About 1874, while digging near this tree, there was exhumed a very fine sample of an Indian pipe. It is about five inches in length, and is made of a smooth, dark-red stone, said to be found in the State of Michigan. This 93 relic is now in the possession of H. D. Schnure, and is highly prized. Many of the citizens of Selin's Grove and of the adjoining country have numerous relics, which formerly belonged to the red man. During the great flood of 1865 large quantities of arrow-heads, pieces of earthenware, spears, etc., were washed from the sandy soil to the surface. Though traces of the Indian have nearly all vanished from the surface, the ground in this locality contains many valuable and in- teresting products of his handiwork and inge- nuity. The first settlement of the place dates back to a period of one hundred and thirty -one years, since it is recorded that in 1754 a man by the name of George Gabriel built a house where Selin's Grove now stands. John Snyder, a brother of the Governor, laid out the towu, but the exact date when and the name he gave it is not known. In 1787 he met his death, by being thrown from his horse. Anthony Selin, a Swiss, who bore a captain's commission in the Ameri- can army during the Revolutionary War, be- came the purchaser of his proijcrty. Selin re- surveyed the town, laid it out anew and named it Selin's Grove. Anthony Selin was also a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and his certificate of membership, signed by George ^\ ashington, is in the possession of James K. Davis, a grandson of the founder of the town. For some years the site now occupied by the principal part of the town remained a dense forest. All locating seemed to be toM'ard the Isle of Que. The first house on the main land of which we have any record was built by a man named Kern, who was a clock-maker. This house stood on the south side of Pine Street, half-way between Market and Water Streets, and remained until about 1870. During the early history of the town all business was done along the river-bank, and it is narrated by some of the older citizens tliat in their day there still remained three business places along the river-shore. Tliis location of business is ac- counted for from the fact that transportation was entirel)^ done in arks and keel-boats, floated down the river and pushed up with poles. When the public roads were more opened, and when transportation by canal began, the busi- 1470 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. ness activity of the place, and with it the resi- dences of the people, receded from the river to where the principal part of the town now is, which was on both sides of the great public highway leading from Northumberland to Har- risburg. The manner in which the founder of the town disposed of the lots will no doubt be interesting to the reader. This was done by lot. Two of the originals, printed on old style paper, now in the possession of H. D. Schnure, a great-grandson of the founder of the place, were handed the writer, and read as follows : " PLAN AND CONDITIONS OF SELIN's GEOVE. "The lots are fifty feet front by one hundred and sixty feet deep, except the lots from Nos. 1 to 8, which are one hundred and fifty feet deep. Conditions for purchasers are as follows, viz: As soon as eighty lots are sold, the lot of each purchaser shall be determined by drawing, under the inspection of chosen, honest men, who shall be appointed judges to superintend the drawing, so that each purchaser shall have the lot coming out against his name, a book of which shall be kept, and lodged with the judges for that purpose ; that the proprietor engages, as soon as the drawing is com- pleted, to convey to each purchaser a clear and indis- putable title, free from ground-rent forever, to his lot or lots, with all the privileges set forth in the plan, the purchaser to be at the expense of said title. Lots will be reserved for the use of religious societies. The proprietor reserves the lots Nos. 2, 55, 57, 54 and 41 . Each purchaser shall receive a ticket for a lot, and have his name enrolled in a book, to be kept for that purpose, on paying the sum of five pounds." TICKET. I I I I I I ■l-f+-f ■l-f+-H-H-)-4-f l-l 1 I I I 1 I I- -I I ! I I I I NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. (No., SELIN'S GROVE. This ticket entitles the bearer to such lot as shall be drawn against its number, free from ground rent forever, agreeably to the conditions of the plan of said town. f-H-l' ■! I II I ■ The reserved lots were as follows: No. 2, Southwest corner Market and Pine Streets; No. 55, Southwest corner Market and Chest- nut Streets; No. 57, on west side of Market Street, third lot north of Pine, now occupied by J. Eohrbach and E. Dentz; No. 54, North- west corner Market and Chestnut Streets; No. 41, Northeast corner Pine and Water Streets. Pioneer Settlers. — Among the first settlers where now stands Selin's Grove, was Conrad Weiser, a grandson of the Indian agent and interpreter. He was possessed of vast tracts of land in this immediate vicinity, which doubtless descended to him from his grandfather. The following narrative may give some idea how ingeniously the Indian agent became possessed of his land : On one occasion an Indian chief came to Weiser stating "me have a dream," whereupon Weiser asked him what it was. The chief replied : " Me dream you give me good rifle, shot-pouch and powder-horn." This made Weiser .study ; but being equal to the emergency, .said : " You .shall not dream in vain," and ac- cordingly presented the chief M'ith a fine rifle and the accoutrements desired. Shortly after this they met again, when Weiser informed the chief that he also had had a dream, whereupon the chief inquired ; " What you dream ? " Weiser then told him his dream : to the effect that he dreamed the chief had given him all that land beginning at this point, and extending to tJiat point, and so on, until quite an area was embraced. The Indian was somewhat cha- grined, and after deep meditation replied : " You shall have it. Me dream no more." Conrad Weiser made an addition to the low- er part of the town, which to this day is some- times called Weiserburg, its northern l)ouudary passing through the town hall at an angle about north sixty degrees east. Captain Benjamin Weiser, of the Revolu- tionary War ; John Snyder, a brother of the Governor ; Anthony Selin, who was married to a sister of John and Simon Snyder (opened the first hotel in Selin's Grove 1784) ; Simon Snyder, who moved here in 1784, and purchased a store and mill; Jacob Kendig, who married John Snyder's widow, were among the principal inhabitants of Selin's Grove in its early history. Descendants of the Snyders are numerous, though but few remain in Selin's Grove, viz., Mary K. Snyder and Mrs. Utica V. Musslc- man, daughters of John Snyder, who was a sou of the Governor. Of the founder of the town there are also descendants living. Anthony Selin left a son, Anthony Charles, and a daughter, Agnes. Agnes was married to SNYDER COUNTY. 1471 James K. Davis, Sr.; hence Anthony Selin was the grandfather of James K. Davis, now living in Selin's Grove; of Mrs. Spyker,ofLewisburgh; and of ]\Irs. Mary O. Eyer and Mrs. Cordelia Sfihnure, late of this borourgh. Inhabitants in 1802. — For the names of the early inhabitants of this town in 1802 the writer is indebted to Linn's " Annals of Buifalo Valley." Isaac Clymer, Charles Drum, John Dusing, George Etzweiler, Peter Fisher, Joseph Four (weaver), Nich- olas Gangler, Charles Gemberling, Frederick Gettig, Adam Good, Charles Begins (tavern). Widow Hughes, Christian Kemerer, Isaac Krider, Valentine Laudenslager (tavern), Widow Meyer, Henry Mem- horter (tavern), Jacob Myer, Michael Newmaur, Henry Oberdorf, Thomas Price, Francis Rhoads, Henry Rhoads, Daniel Rhoads, Nicholas Reim, Alex- ander Robins (tailor), George Roop, James Silver- wood, Simon Snyder, Frederick Tryon, George Ul- rick. Inhabitants previous to this period are in- cluded in the lists of Penn township. Business Interests in 1820. — The follow- ing is a list of some of the citizens, together with their occupations, during the year 1820. Jacob Albert, wagon-maker; Thomas Armstrong, tavern ; Peter Arnold, tailor ; Peter Bergstresser, carpenter ; Daniel Becker, inn-keeper ; Math- ias Brewer, shoemaker ; .lohn Bassler, es- quire; George Bergstresser, saddler; John Bas- kins, doctor; John Baker, carpenter; Fred. Berg- stresser, farmer ; Isaac Climer, laborer ; Jacob Clauser, distiller; Wm. Coulter, chair-maker; Henry Der- ring, millwright; John Deitrich, shoemaker ; James K. Davis, inn-keeper ; Stephen Duncan ; Solomon Fisher, laborer; James Fitzsimons, distiller; David Fitzsimons, distiller; Joseph Feehrer, esquire; Henry Fried, inn-keeper; Philip Gemberling, Jr., farmer; Jacob Gemberling, Sr.; John Grobb, carpenter; Sam'l Huy, boatman; John Hugging, inn-keeper; Jacob Hettrick, carpenter ; John Houseman, mason ; Sam'l Haslet, chair-maker; Henry Haas, weaver; Peter Hosterman, store-keeper; Valentine Haas, farmer; Reuben Hathaway, fuller ; John Houseworth, carpen- ter; Valentine Hare, farmer ; Jonathan Jones, black- smith ; Henry Keely, weaver; Samuel Keller, carpen- ter ; James Kraus, comb-maker ; Joseph Long, mer- chant ; Daniel Lebo, tailor; David Lloyd, shoemaker; Jacob Long, Jr., farmer ; John Miller, cooper ; Meyer Martin, blacksmith; James Merril, laborer; Henry OverdorfT, mason ; David Robison, laborer ; Jacob Rhoads, inn-keeper ; George Rupp, carpenter ; Peter Richter, merchant ; .Jacob Staufl'er, shoemaker ; John Snyder, blacksmith; Adam Stam, hatter; Lewis Stark, butcher ; Samuel Shadle, hatter ; Si- mon Snyder, deceased, grist-mill, saw-mill, fulling-mill, distillery, stone house, etc.; Martin Vogel, tailor ; John Walborn, carpenter ; Robert Willet, doctor; David Weiser, tinker; Jacob Yoner, tanner ; Samuel Yerrick, hatter. In 1827 Selin's Grove, by an act of the Legis- lature, was incorporated into a borough ; but so strenuously was this opposed by the inhabitants of Penn township that the next Legislature in 1828 repealed the act. It was not until Sep^ tember 24, 1853, that the court of Union Coun- ty, under the general borough law, decreed it a borough. Upon being thus incorporated, George Schnure became its first chief burgess. Business Interests in 1836. — Jacob Al- bert, wagon-maker, south side of Market street, second lot east of Third, Lsle of Que; George Bletcher, blacksmith, southeast corner Water and Snyder Streets ; Peter Bergstresser, cabinet- maker. Isle of Que; William Byers, hotel, northeast corner Market Square; William D. Bradley, hotel. Market Square, next to south- east corner, building destroyed by fire 1872 ; John Bassler, justice of the peace and tavern, southwest corner Market and Bough Streets; Charles Cummings, general store. Market Square, west side, second lot south of Pine; James Grouse, combs. Isle of Que ; Charles Doebler, tobacconist, brick house, east side of jSIarket street, near bridge crossing to Monroe town- ship; John Deitrich, shoemaker, west .side of Market Street, second lot south of Bough ; James K. Davis, Sr., hotel, east side of Market •Street, third lot north of Bough Street ; Jolin Emmett, Cross-Keys Hotel, northwest corner Market and Pine Streets; Michael Frank, tailor, southwest corner Market Square; William Gaugler, tailor, northwest corner Market and Sassafras Streets; John Hall, general store, northea.st corner Market and Pine Streets;' Ab- raham Haas, harness and saddle-maker, north- west corner Market and Walnut Streets; Henry Keefer, blacksmith, east side INIarket Street, fourth lot north of Walnut; Richard Lloyd, shoemaker, on lot on northwest corner of Market Square; Samuel McCormick, hatter, east side of Market Street, third lot .south of Chestnut Street; Charles Rhodes, cooper, west side of Market Street, second lot north of Chestnut 1472 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Street; Jacob Rhoads, tavern, southwest corner Market and Pine Streets; Jacob Riblett, justice of the peace, Isle of Que ; C. M. Straub, general store, east side IMarket Street, near northeast corner Market and Bough Streets; Sterrett & Schnure, general store, gi'ain, etc., east side Market Street, second lot north of Walnut; John G. Schwiut, tobacconist, west side Market Street, third lot north of Chestnut; John. Scharf, watch-maker, southwest corner Market and Chestnut Streets; Samuel Stuck, blacic- FlUST CHLKC'H. smith, next to John Scharf; Jonathan Ulrich, tanner, northeast corner Water and Pine Streets ; Daniel Ulrich, tanner, northwest corner High and Sassafras Streets ; Jacob Wagenseller, large brick house, southwest corner Tiiird and Higii Streets, Isle of Que, tavern in north end, store in south end of building; Joseph Walter, butcher, southwest corner Market and Sassafras Streets; Jacoli Woodley, tavern, in log house on river-bank. CHURCHES. The Union Church (afterwards the First Lutheran congregation of Selin's Grove). — The first church building in Selin's Grove was one erected by the United Lutheran and German Retormed congregations. In 1801 subscriptions were first taken for the erection of this liuilding. The following is a list of the names of contribu- tors toward paying for the new church : M.itthias App, George Ewig, Michael Bieber, Mich- ael Wartman, John Weisz, John Miller, Michael Werlein, John Hartman, Heinrich Hum- mell, Jacob Bastian, Peter Baslian, Bastian, George Bastian, Jacob Kiudig, Jacob Streininger, John Bucher, George Ott, Jacob Jarrett, Adam Ewig, Conrad Hoehn, Jacob Wartman, Jacob Schup, Jacob Weis, Conrad Geist, Val. Lauden- schleger, Samnel Greiner, George Bassler, John Maurer, Jacob Kratzer, John Geist John Roth, Jacob Hummel, Peter Bucher, Frantz Eoth, Both, Kratzer Philip Meyer, Jacob Houszvverth, Peter Friesz, George Mootz, John Arbogast Philip Mertz, Christophel Meyer, George Glass, George Rausch, Jacob .Joirn, Daniel Roth, Fred. Sharartz, John Gelinger, Philip Gemberling, Peter Walter, Matth. Spotz, P. Hosterman, Frantz Eoth, Benj. Weiser, George Rupp, Jacob Gemberling, Jacob Lechner, Charles Drum, Chris. Fisher, Jacob Drester, Jacob Rausch, John German, James Hotf, Henry Blum, Abraham Stump, Adam Meyer, Conrad Walter, George Ulerich, George Ulerich, .Fr., John Adam, John Conrad, Nicolaus Rihm, Josiah Kleimer, Peter Eyher, Jacob Adam, George Etzweiler, Henry Mew- liorter, Robert Smith, Fridich Trion, Adam Stam, Alex. Kalis, Jacob Rhoads, Jacob Reichenbach, Chris. Walter, Adam Guth, George Guth, Ludwig Stard, John Hall, Peter Rhoads, George Gangler, John Dusing, Richard Hudson, John Moyer, Jacob Sterner, Geo. Kremer, John Becker, John Harlem, Philip Bobb, J. Moyer, D. Becker, M. Numan, Caleb Way, Philip Miller, John Hoehn, Jacob Gemberling, Jacob Way, George Good, Joseph Pawling, George Miller, Abraham Hasis, Matth. Spotz, Simon Biekel, Peter Schwartz, Jacob Friederich, .lohn Epler, John Fisher, Catharine Snyder, Adam Fisher, Peter Epler, Fred. Hoehn, John Dietrich, Simou Schneider, Jesse Reichenbach. The total amount subscribed was $2149.56. A statement, dated 1807, places the total amount subsiTibed and collected at corner-stoue SNYDER COUNTY. 1473 laying and dedication at twenty-two liundred and eighty-four dollars and twenty-two cents. This church, of which a representation is here given, was built in the years 1802-3, on the northwest corner of Market and Bough Streets, and stood until 1884. It was origin- ally made of pine logs, which, after a number of years, were weather-boarded. Its size was forty by thirty-eight, and it was built all in one story of about twenty feet high. The pulpit was on the west side, about half-«ay lietween the ceiling and floor, and on a line with the lower part of the galleries, which extended around the other three sides. Underneath these galleries were seats with high, straight backs. The entrances were on the east and south sides. The building was erected under the supervision of John Housewerth, a member of the Re- formed congregation. Wlien this land-mark was removed, upon opening the corner-stone there were found a few leaves of the Smaller Catechism and t\^o lead tablets, with inscrip- tions in German by one Joseph Epler.' lu 1855 a separation of the two congrega- tions took place, the Reformed congregation selling out all their interest in the property for one thousand dollars. Under the union their charter name was " United Lutheran and Re- formed Congregations of Selin's Grove." In 1 " Ip the name of the Triune God, the members of the Reformed and Lutheran congregations have determined to build a union church, in Selin's Grove, Penn Township, Northumberland County, and laid the corner-stone of it, June 7, 1802. 1. This church sliall be built, supported and remain forever a union church. 2. The above-named de- nominations, viz. : the Reformed and Lutheran, shall have equal rights, nor shall any minister who is pastor here be hindered in his work on his appointed day. All receipts shall be in common and all expenditures sh.all be made for the common good. The grave-yard shall be kept in good order. A stranger who may happen to die among the members of the congregation shall be permitted to be buried in the grave-yard. AU manner of strife in the congregation shall be settled by a majority of the church council and twelve men, selected by the council (six of each denomination). The ministers are : Rev. George Geist- weit, Reformed, and Rev. .John Herbst, Evangelical Lu- theran. Building Committee: Francis Roth (Rhoads), George Ulrich, Jacob Gemberling, JIatthias App, Conrad Hoehn, Jacob Hummel. ' Behold, I will build a house to the Lord my God,' 2 Chronicles 2:4. ' Christ Jesus is the true comer-stone. Build on Him. To God alone be praise.' (written by Joseph Epler)." 1862 the Lutheran congregation was incorpo- rated by the Legislature as " The First Lu- theran Congregation of Selin's Grove," and on the site of the old building a much larger plttce of worshij) was built, of brick, with tower for bell and clock. lis style of architecture is Gothic ; the windows contain beautiful cathe- dral glass, with emblems and inscriijtions. It is a beautiful church, and its completion is a credit to the Rev. S. E. Ochsenford, his congre- gation and the citizens who aided them in this worthy cause. It was dedicated October 25, 1885, when the clergymen present were Revs. S. Laird, of Philadelphia, J. W. Early, H. H. Brunniiig, E. L. Reed, J. H. Neiman, J. Yutzy, and the pastor, S. E. Ochsenford. The building committee were A. Marbui-ger, D. A. Ulrich, Frank Ulrich, Isaac Kocher and iSf . S. Fisher ; architect, C. S. Wetzel, of Danville, Pa. The building cost nine thou.sand dollars. The e.v- cellent Ijell was placed in the belfry on Saturday, August 1, 1885, and was tolled for the first time during the burial of General U. S. Grant, in the afternoon of the 8th. It weighs ten hundred and twenty-five pounds and cost two hundred and eleven dollars. The church mem- bership in 1886 is one hundred and .sevent}'. The following is a list of the pastors of this congregation : Revs. Enderly ; John Herbst, 1802; Jacob Walter, 1819 ; J. P. Shindel, 1820-43 ; A. Erlenmeyer, 1843-59; Peter Anstadt, 1860- 63 ; J. \V. Early, 1868-70 ; H. H. Brunning, 1872-74 ; E. L. Reed, 1875-78 ; S. E. Ochsen- ford, 1879, present pastor. The Reformed Church. — Settlers of this denomination were in Selin's Grove as early as 1780, and in that year they commenced the erection of a place of worship on a lot which Anthony Selin had donated to the members of the Reformed Church. This lot is the one now occupied by the school building. Jacob Gem- berling, Francis Rhoads and Conrad Hahne were the building committee. The church was completed as high as tlie roof, when the project was abandoned and the lot reverted to the town and the building beranie a school-house. In 1802 the Reformed congregation united with the Lutheran in the erection of the Union 1474 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Church. Thus the two congregations remained together until 1855, when the Reformed people sold their interest and began the erection of a church of their own, the corner-stone of whicii was laid August 18, 1855, and the church dedi- cated December 25, 1856. The building is of brick, two stories high, and was the fourth church built in the town. The present mem- bership is one hundred and thirty-six. The names of the pastors of this congregation were, — Eevs. George Geistweit, 1800 ; Jacob Dieffenbacher, I. S. Reily, Isaac Gerhart, 1813 ; Yost Henry Fries, 1818; Dauiel Weiser, 1824; Benjamin Boyer, 1834; Samuel Seibert, 1840 ; K. A. Fisher, 1845 ; Joshua Derr, 1850 ; C. Z. Weiser, 1854 ; I. E. Graef, 1857 ; C. Z. Weiser, 1858 ; A. R. Hotteiistein, 18(52 ; J. W. Lesher, 186C; J. S.Slade, 1869; W. H. Hass, 1871. The EvAN(if:Li(::Ai. Lutheran Church resulted from a religious revival conducted in 1843 by Rev. J. P. Shindel, who at that time was pastor of the Lutheran congregation that worshipped in the Union Church building. The new measures adopted by Rev. Shindel brought forth violent opposition, and in order to avoid further commotion, he and his followers re- solved to seek some other sanctuary. Rev. Shindel met with considerable opposi- tion in introducing new measures. The result was that they organized themselves into another Lutheran congregation, under the name of " The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Selin's Grove." The new building was dedicated late in 1843. At the first communion, February II, 1844, two hundred and thirty-five persons partook of tlie holy sacrament. This was the second church in the town, and at the time of its construction was one of the finest churches outside the larger towns; it has since been much improved. In 1885 it was re-frescoed and all the wood-work grained in walnut. A fine pipe-organ was purchased, being the first instrument of its kind in tlie town. The pas- tors were as follows : Revs. J. P. Shindel, 1843-46; Henry Ziegler, as- sistant, 1843-45; Reuben Weiser, 1846-48; Jesse Winecoff, 1848-52; Daniel H. Bittle, 1853-54; Sam- uel Domer, 1855-67 ; M. L. Shindel, 1867-74 ; H. B. Belmer, 1874-82; Jacob Yutzy, 1882. The church membership for 1886 is two hundred and seventy-two ; the Sunday-school has three hundred and thirty-one members. The Methodist Episcopae Church. — For many years the Methodists were without a church building, their services being held in the Union school-house on Pine Street, the school-house on the Isle of Que, built by Peter Richter, and in private houses. In 1848 they commenced the erection of their own church, on the west side of Water Street, half-way between Pine and Chestnut Streets, and which was com- pleted in 1850, during Rev. Conser's pastorate. This was the third church edifice built in Selin's Grove, and stood until October 30, 1874, when it was destroyed by fire. In 1875 a new build- ing was erected on the same foundation of the one destroyed, and is now the place of worship for the congregation. Both buildings were of brick. The pastors who have served this con- gregation have been, — Revs. Prettyman, 1820; Strallon, 1829 ; J. H. Brown, 1831 ; Josiah Forest, 1833; 01iv»r Ege, 1834; James Sanks, 1835; Elisha Butler, 1837; Thomas Tanyhill, 1840-41 ; Ewingand William R. Mills, 1842; William Clemm, 1843; B. H. Creaver, James Guyer, 1844; B. H. Creaver, N. S. Buckingham, 1845; J. J. Pearee, 1846;SamuelA. Wilson, 1848; B. B.Hamlin, 1849; S. L. M. Conser, James Gums, 1850-51 ; John More- head, F. Slosser, 1852 ; Thomas Barnhart, J. Y. Roth- rock, 1853; Thomas Barnhart, John W. Parks, 1854; Joseph A. Ross, A. M. Kiester, 1855; J. A. Ross, Thomas Sherlock, 1856 ; E. H. Warring, E. E. Allen, 1857 ; Frank Gearhart, 1858-59 ; J. A. Price, 1860-61 ; A. R. Riley, 1862-63 ; Henry G. Dill, 1864-65; John W. Olewine, 1866-67-68; G. W. Miller, 1869-70; John Stine, 1871-72; John Morehead, 1873-74-75; E. T. Swartz, 1876-77-78 ; J. W. Buckley, 1879-80-81 ; T. O. Glees, 1882-83-84; G. W. Stevens, 1885. The membership of the congregation in 1886 is one hundred and fifty ; Sunday School mem- bership, two hundred and three. The Baptist Church. — About 1860 the Baptists built a neat brick church on the east side of Water Street. During the fire of 1872 this building was burned. It was never rebuilt and the congregation soon after disbanded. Among tlie pastors who served this congrega- tion were the Rev. Frederick Bower and Rev. O. L. Hall. Roads, Etc. — At December sessions, 1821, a petition for a public road was presented, ask- SNYDER COUNTY. 1475 ing that a road be laid out from the river, run- ning along the street on the east end of" Charles- town, "beginning at John Higgins', running north seventy-three degrees west until it inter- sects the road that leads through Selin's Grove, near the church." This is doubtless the same road that crosses the lower bridge. The viewers appointed made an unfavoi-able report, February, 1822, and reviewers were appointed. What the result was could not be ascertained ; but at May court, 1831, a petition was presented, which was accordingly granted, and resulted in declaring all streets, lanes and alleys in Charles- town, on the Isle of Que, to be public highways, according to the original plan of the town, viz. : Market, Water, Chestnut, High, First, Second and Third Streets ; Blackberry, Strawberry and Penn Alleys. On March 3, 1829, tiie river road from Lewisburgh to Selin's Grove was surveyed and laid out by James F. Linn. In the days of staging, Selin's Grove was one of the relays on the then popular route be- tween Harrisburg and Northumberland. There was the coming and going of the stage, one oi the daily events that engaged the attention of the citizens of the place. As the hour ap- proached for the arrival of the mail and pas- sengers, a crowd would gather at the popular tavern of James K. Davis, Sr., to while away the time in spinning yarns, and in such sports and diversities as would best entertain. In all this crowd no one was quicker at a joke, nor more hearty in his laugh, than the congenial and accommodating landlord. Presently the sound of the horn announced the approach ; then came the lumbering stage, swinging to and fro on its large leathern springs, drawn by its four spirited and prancing steeds; then a flourish of the long whip-lash, with its clear crack ; the authori- tative whoa I as if to impress upon the gazers the fact that he who held the lines was a personage of no ordinary stamp; then the rein- ing up before the tavern, and so much of the route was completed. Then came the dismount- ing ; then the congratulations and inquiries ; then the unhitching of the horses and the replacing of fresh ones ; then the taking of seats again, inside, on top and beside the driver ; then the gathering up of the lines, the flourish and crack of the whip, the brisk starting oft' of the four-in-hand ; then the fainter and fainter rumbling of the wheels, and the great event, which was to supply the conversation and go.ssip for hours, had passed. But the glory of the stage-coach has passed away ; the sociability and comforts of the packet-boat have come and gone ; and to-day the locomotive, pulling its train of luxurious coaches, enters and departs from Selin's Grove. Schools. — The first school-house, a log one, stood on the site of the present school building. It was torn down about 1870, and replaced by a two-story brick building, which was burned in 1874, and a large one built in 1876, which accommodates four schools. The second school-house in the town was built of brick, prior to 1830, by Peter Richter, on a lot given by Charles Drumm, the founder of Charles- town. It was torn down and rebuilt in 1876, and is situated on the Isle of Que, southeast corner of Market and Second Streets. The third school-house was built on the site of the Odd-Fellows' Hall. It was a two-story brick, octagonal structure, and was known as the " pepper-box." At the present day Selin's Grove has four public schools in the building on the corner of Pine and High Streets, and two in the building in that part of the borough known as Charles- town, on the Isle of Que. The average num- ber of months taught is seven, and seven teach- ers are employed, one of whom is the principal, and has charge of the highest grade, the schools being regularly graded. In the highest grade. Algebra, Latin, the sciences and other of the high- er branches are taught. There are in all about three hundred and fifty pupils, with an average attendance of two hundred and eighty-five. The Missionary Institute. — This in.sti- tution owes its origin to the necessity arising from the inadequate number of ministers in the Lutheran Church. The importance of a school was fir.st mentioned in the Maryland Synod, and, in 1856, an effort for its establishment was made liy such men as Revs. Dr. B. Kurtz, J. ]\IcCron, George Diehl, L. R. Anspach, J. G. Butler, Dr. W. M. Kemp, Messrs. C. W. 1476 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Huiiiricliouse, AVilliam Bridges, W. A. Wisong and Rehm. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz is the recognized founder of the school, and became its first president. In 1856, by resolution, this institution was designed to be established at Baltimore. In 1857 this resolution was re- scinded, and preference was given to the neigh- borhood offering the largest contributions. The committee appointed by the board to visit places making offers reported, March, 1858, App. The corner-stone was laid September 1 , 1858, and the building first occupied in 1859. The design of the institute is to educate young men for the ministry in the Evangelical Lutheran Church, including the missionary field at home and abroad. There is a classical and a theological department. This institution has had an existence of twenty-seven years, during which time the Theological Department have sent out into the active ministry one hun- ijta^^ MISSIONARY INSTITUTE. that they had selected Seliu's Grove since it of- fered the best inducement, by subscribing $15,- 112. Their selection was approved May 3, 1858. On May 17, 1858, the site for the l)uilding was fixed on land of John App. \i tiie time of building, the officers (if the l)((ard were, — President, Rev. Benjamin Kurtz; Vice-Presidents, Rev. H. Ziegler and Rev. S. Domer ; Recording Secretary, L. R. Hummel ; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. H. Ziegler ; Treasurer, James K. Davis. The building com- mittee were William F. Wagenseller, George Sclmure, C. A. Moyer, John App and Leonard dred and twelve graduates, only six of \vhom have died. Instructors in the Theological Department have been Benjamin Kurtz, D.D., LL.D., 1858- 61; Henry Ziegler, D.D., 1858-82; Rev. P. Anstadt, A.M., 1858-65; Peter ]5orn, D.D., 1882 ; Rev. Jacob Yutzy, 1884. The C'lassical Department, besides fitting many students to begin the study of theology, has prepared many young men for college for the profession of teaching and various pursuits. The classical course extends over a jieriod of four years, awarding a diploma at the end of the SNYDER COUNTY. 1477 sophomore year. This department is under the management of an effective corps of in- structors, viz. : Revs. J. R. Diram, D.D., prin- cipal of the Chissical Department and professor of Latin and Greek ; G. W. W. Amick, A.M., vice-principal and professor of mathemathics, etc. ; J. Eugene Deitterich and G. F. Sill, as- sistant teachers of English branches ; B. F. Wagenseller, M.D., lecturer on physiology and hygiene; Miss E. L. Diram, teacher of music; Rev. W. H. Diven, A.M., financial agent. It is in place to here state that had it not been for the liberality of our former citizen, Mr. John App, in tendering fifteen acres of land and one thousand dollars, it is altogether likely the Missionary Institute would never have been at Selin's Grove. When others were despairing of locating here, he it was who gave a new impetus to the enterprise, and decided its location. During his life his aid and eiforts in behalf of the Institute were repeated and lib- eral. An incident connected with the fouudins; of the Institute is the fact that Mrs. E. B. Win- ters, of Eastou,Md., made the first contribution. This she accompanied with her prayers for the success of the enterprise. Susquehanna Female College. — At the time of locating the Missionary Institute, an- other institution of learning was established under the supervision of the Lutheran Church. This was the Susquehanna Female College. The building, a three-story brick, is still standing on the northwest corner of Market and Snyder Streets, and is now the property of Prof. Wil- liam Noetling. This school flourished for about ten years, being patronized by the church, but when it became an individual enterprise it began to decline, and was finally abandoned in 1873. This institution was under the following- named principals : Rev. C. C. Baughman, 1858 to 1863 ; Rev. Samuel Domer, 1863 to 1868 ; Prof William Xoetling, 1868 1o 1873. Musical. — Selin's Grove has for many j'ears been noted for its musical talent, and the encou- ragement and patronage it has given to music as one of the fine arts. From the few musical instru- ments found only in the homes of the M'ealthy, the number has grown to hundreds, so that to-day, in almost every household, is found a piano or an organ, or both. Many of the cit- izens are good musical readers, skillful perform- ers on instruments, and not a few endowed with most excellent vocal powers. Prior to 1817, John Frederick Eyer is mentioned as one of ability in this art. He was noted chiefly as a composer. He prepared and published a book entitled " The Union Choral Harmony." In 1837 his son, Henry C. Eyer, revised the work and issued a new edition of it. Prof. Joseph H. Fehrer was noted as a composer and instructor. His talent has been more partic- ularly directed to the composition of band music, and to the organizing and instructing of bands. He has frequently been awarded prizes for the best composition in contests wherein many of the noted composers in the State strove for superiority. Of late years A. W. Potter, Esq., has mani- fested great interest in the beautiful art of music, and to him the inliabitants are indebted for an increased development of a taste for classical music. He has proven himself a competent conductor in the choir and large choruses. Many excellent voices have been brought to public notice through his efforts. Scarcely a wiiiter passes that Selin's Grove has not some musical treat, brought about through Mr. Pot- ter's efforts. The Central Pennsylvania Musi- cal Jubilee was held in Selin's Grove in June, 1883, and was a very interesting event, and was the natural result of the talents that for pre- vious years had been improving under the lead- ership already mentioned. Visitors and musi- cians came from all directions. The chorus was composed of about five hundred voices, and instruments of various kinds joined to swell the harmony. Ten brass bands were in attend- ance to enliven the occasion. The noted spec- ialists present were Dr. W. O. Perkins, New York, director ; Walter Emerson, Boston, cor- netist ; Helen E. H. Carter, Boston, soprano ; Mrs. H. F. Knowles, Boston, soprano ; Mrs. E. C. Fenderson, Boston, contralto ; INIrs. M. D. Shepard, Boston, pianist; Prof W. F. Meyer, Aaronsburg, pianist. This jubilee was held in a large frame build- ing, erected by the citizens especially for the oc- 1478 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. casion, and stood on the west side of Market Street, and had a seating capacity of three thou- sand. Life of Governor Snyder.' — Simon Sny- der became and continued for many years a resident Avithin the boundaries of the county which bears his name. He served the State of Pennsylvania as Governor for tliree full terms ; was born at Lancaster, in November, 1759. His father, Anthony Snyder, a German by birth, emigrated from his native land to Pennsylvania about 1740, and died at Lancas- ter in April, 1774. Two years later Simon Snyder removed from Lancaster to York, where he learned the tanning and currying business, and remained about eight years. As showing his integrity of character, it is related of him that he faithfully served out an apprenticeship of four years at his trade, without being bound by any indenture or written contract. While at York he attended a night-school taught by John Jones (a worthy member of the Society of Friends), where he learned reading, writing and arithmetic. Often at midnight, after a hard day's work, Simon Snyder might have been found deeply engaged in the pursuit of knoM'l- edge, to which also his Sunday's leisure was al- most constantly devoted. In July, 1784, he removed from York to that part of Northumberland which is now Sny- der County, where he became proprietor of a mill and store, and also acting as a scrivener, . was one of the most useful and respected men in that community. He was, in all situations and at all times, the friend of the poor and dis- ti-essed. He was modest and unassuming ; yet his sound judgment, impartiality and love of justice were so well known and appreciated, that he became a justice of the peace, continuing in the office for twelve years, under two commis- sions, the first being under the Constitution of 1 The steel engraving of Governor Simon Snyder, which appears in this work, was executed from a painting in the possession of General Simon Cameron, which was made by the celebrated artist Jacob Escholtz, and was presented to General Cameron by the Escholtz family. In a note to the publishers, General Cameron says, in referring to the painting, " My clear recollection of the person of Gover- nor Snyder enables me to assure you that it is a very excellent portrait of him." — [Pi'dlisiiehs.] 1776, and the last under that of 1790. So universally were his decisions respected that there never was an appeal from any judgment of his to the Court of Common Pleas, and only one writ of certiorari was served on him during his terms of office. Though the inhabitants of his jurisdiction were largely of that class of persons who are settlers of all new countries, among whom quarrels and disputes are very frequent, yet so great was his personal influence and so strenuous his efforts to reconcile contend- ing parties, that he generally prevailed ; indeed, so efRcient was his influence that, of the many actions brought before him for assault and bat- tery during the whole period of twelve years, he made return to the Court of Quarter Sessions of but two recognizances. These are evidences of an extraordinary degree and extent of public confidence in his disposition, judgiuent and general good principles and character — a confi- dence which his whole life proved to have been well and fully deserved. In 1789 he was elected a member of the con- vention called to amend the State Constitution. Up to that time he had taken but little part in the political contests of the day; yet his princi- ples seemed to have been well understood, and his votes in the convention proved him to have been then, as he continued through life, the .steady supporter of principles best calculated to maintain the rights and promote the happi- ness of the people of Pennsylvania. In 1797 he was elected a metnber of the Legislature. He was never regarded as a fluent or iiupressive speaker, nor did he ever make long or labored speeches, but what he did say was always listened to with marked attention, and carried weight, because he never spoke ex- cept when he felt assured it was his duty to do so, and that he had something of fact or infor- mation to communicate which should influence the minds of his fellow-members. He fre- quently served on important committees, and in such positions he did good service, which was highly valued and appreciated. In 1802 Mr. Snyder was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. In that position he presided with much dignity, with a full knowledge of his duties and a most acciu-ate SNYDER COUNTY. 1479 recollection and prompt application of the rules uf the House. None of his decisions were I'e- versed, and his amendments, which were fre- quently of importance, were almost always adopted, with unanimity, showing the high re- spect entertained by the House for hisjudgment. With him originated, in the Legislature, a proposition to engraft the arbitration principle on the judicial system of the State, as also many other wholesome provisions for the adjustment of controversies brought before justices of the peace. He continued, after repeated unanimous elections, to preside as Speaker to the session of 1805. During that session he was taken up as a candidate for the office of Governor, running; in opposition to the then Governor, Thomas McKeau. In that campaign the question of the calling of a convention to amend the State Con- stitution was .so intimately interwoven in the gubernatorial contest that it was conducted rather with reference to the question of the con- vention, than upon the popularity of the candi- dates. The result was that Governor McKean was re-elected by a majority of five thousand votes. In 1806 ]\Ir. Snyder was again elected to the House of Representatives, and again chosen Speaker, and was re-elected to both positions in 1807. In 1808 he again became a candidate for Governor, and, after a warm and arduous con- test, was elected by a majority of twenty-eight thousand. In 1811 he was re-elected, and again in 1814. In the War of 1812-15 his course was highly patriotic and creditable to the great State of which he was Governor. In the session of 181.3-14 a very large ma- jority of both branches of the General Assembly passed a bill chartering forty banks. The can- didate for Governor was at that time nominated by the members of the Legislature. Having assembled in caucus for that purjjose, it was re- marked, after the meeting had been organized, that the bill to charter forty banks was then be- fore Governor Snyder, and that it would be prudent to adjourn the caucus without making any nomination of a candidate for Governor un- til it was ascertained whether he would or would not approve of the bill. Within three days Governor Snyder returned the bill with his ob- I jections, and it did not pass during that session. His independence in the matter M'as the theme of almost universal praise, and he was that year re-elected by a majority of nearly thirty thou- sand votes. Having served as Governor for the constitu- tional period of nine years, he retired to his former place of residence, Selin's Grove, where, at the general election, he was chosen, and at once entered upon the discharge of his duties, as a guardian of the poor of the township. At the next general election he was elected a State Senator, and served in that office during one session. He died November 9, 1819, at Selin's Grove, which had been his home for thirty-six years, and where he had enjoyed the confidence, respect and love of his fellow-citi- zens to a degree in which they are seldom pos- sessed by a man of long public career involv- ing oftentimes very rigid official action. The following terse estimate and character- ization of Governor Snyder is from a letter written to Miss jNIary K. Snyder by Hon. Simon Cameron: " Haerisbueg, November 26, 1885. " My dear Miss Snyder : " It is not possible for me to endure the labor of penning all I know about Governor Snyder. At my time of life writing is laborious. I knew Governor Snyder as well as an obscure man of eighteen could know one as distinguished as himself. .... " Governor Snyder was greater in all the qualities that make a statesman than any of the Governors we have had since, as you will find by examining his State papers. He was the early advocate of all the internal improvements which the State perfected during his term, including turnpikes, bridges and canals. One of his great ideas was to make a canal from Chesapeake Bay to Lake Ontario, so as to con- nect the Susquehanna with the lakes. He was per- sonally a man of fine address, spoke remarkably well in public and wrote with great ease. . . . " Very truly yours, " Simon Cameron." Professor Daniel S. Boyer, in a historical memoir (hereafter mentioned), says that Gov- ernor Snyder was the fii"st executive of the State to advocate a free-school system, and quotes his message to the Legislature on this subject as follows : "The importance of education is still more en- hanced by the consideration that in a republican or 1480 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. representative government every citizen may be called upon to assist in the enaction or execution of the laws of this country. To establish, therefore, a sys- tem of education calculated to diffuse general instruc- tion is at once of primary imiwrtance." Concerning the descendants of Governor Snyder thei-e remains something to be said. His first wife was Elizabeth Michael, of Lan- caster, by whom he had two children. Ameh'a, born June 21, 1791, was married to Dr. Phineas Jencks, a member of the House from Bucks County. Her only daughter was married to Rev. J. I. Elsegood, of East New York. Hon. John Snyder married Miss Mary Louisa Kit- tera, daughter of Hon. John W. Kittera, Con- gressman from Lancaster. His children by this marriage are Miss Mary K. Snyder, of Selin's Grove ; Mrs. Vandyke, married to James C. Vandyke, who was United States district attor- ney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Among his children by subsequent marriages are Mrs. G. W. Walls, of Lewisbnrgh, and Mrs. Daniel Mussleman, of Selin's Grove. Hon. John Snyder died at Selin's Grove August 15, 1850. The children of Governor Snyder by second marriage were — Henry W. Snyder, born July 20, 1797 ; he was a paymaster in the late war and died at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. George A. Snyder, a man of unmistakable genius, was the second sou. He died at Williamsport, July 6, 1865. His children were Mrs. Matthias App, of Michigan, Mrs. Kate Crane, Henry and George S., Mrs. Riley, Antes and Jesse D. Antes Snyder, who died at Pottstown in Decem- ber, 1861, was the child Mrs. Carson wished to kidnap in order to obtain from Governor Sny- der the pardon of Smith, wlio was under sen- tence of death at Philadelphia. Antes was educated at "West Point, where he graduated with high honors, and was sent by our govern- ment to England on business connected with the railway system, then in its infancy iiere. He was the engineer who designed and built the large stone bridges over the Schuylkill at the Falls and Peacock's Lock, above Reading, and one at Schuylkill Haven and a number of small ones along the line of the Pliiladelphia and Reading Railroad. Governor Suyder was married, the third time, to Mary Slough Scott, a widow, of Harrisburg, October 16, 1814. She survived him, and died at Harrisburg, October 8, 1823. She was a member of the Episcopal Cliurch and was the first person who commenced a Sabbath-school at Selin's Grove. She is spoken of as a bril- liant woman in society. Mary Kittera Snyder, a prominent and well-known lady of Selin's Grove, Snyder County, was born in that town, and is a grand- daughter of Hon. Simon Snyder, who was Governor of Pennsylvania, after whom thiscoun- ty is named. A sketch of him and another of his distinguished son, Hon. John Snyder, who was the father of Miss Snyder, appear in this volume. On her mother's side Miss Snyder is descended from old Scotch-Irish Pennsylvania stock. Her maternal grandfather was Hon. John Wilkes Kittera, who was the son of a Presbyterian minister and was born in Lancas- ter County, in a district M'hich he afterwards represented in Congress for ten years, from 1791 to 1801. Having been graduated in the arts at Princeton College in 1776, he studied law and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1782. Subsequently he served as United States dis- trict attorney for the Eastern District of Penn- sylvania. He married Ann, daughter of Cap- tain John Moore and Elizabeth {iiee Doyle), his wife, who was a noted belle and beauty, at Lan- caster, November 8, 1786, and he died June 6, 1801, at the age of forty-eight. He left to survive him his widow and several children, one of whom was Hon. Thos. Kittera, one of the most eminent lawyers of the Philadel- phia bar, whitJier he came w-ith his father shortly before the latter's death. He also was graduated at Princeton College and shortly afterwards was admitted to practice as an attorney — March 8, 1808. He was deputy attorney-general of the commonwealth of Penusylvania in 1817, and again in 1824. He represented Philadelphia in the United States House of Representatives iu 1826-27. He died June 16, 1839, aged fifty. As he was an only son and never married, the direct male line ended with him. He was a man of varied culture, learned, not only in his chosen profession, but well versed in literature and the arts. He was a public speaker of great 'e cx I 1/ //_■ L I /c /-£<_.;.. J 7 t u cLi SNYDER COUNTY. 1481 eloquence and power, and his handsome and in- tellectual face always commanded attention. He was Grand Master of Masons. of Pennsylvania and presided over the Grand Lodge of that fra- ternity in 1826,1827 and 1828. An elegant oil portrait of him, painted by Thomas Sully, and presented to the Grand Lodge by jNIiss Snyder, hangs in the Grand Master's office in the Masonic Temple at Philadelphia. The mother of Miss Snyder was jNIary Louise Kittera, a daughter of John Wilkes Kittera and a sister of Thomas Kittera. She was mar- ried to Hon. John Snyder, as above mentioned, and resided with him at the old family mansion at Selin's Grove until the time of her death, (which happened when the subject of this sketch was only two months old), leaving two children, both daughters. LTpon the death of Mrs. Snyder her children were taken charge of by their ma- ternal grand - mother, ]Mrs. Kittera, in Philadelphia, who lived with her son Thomas in a large house on the south side of Walnut Street (old number 140), between Fifth and Sixth Streets, opposite Independence Square, where Thomas Kittera had his office. Mary Kittera Snyder was educated at Professor Picot's French School, at that time the leading sem- inary for young ladies in the city of Philadel- phia, and was taught all the accomplishments of a young lady of high social position. It was the intention of Mr. Thomas Kittera to travel abroad with his nieces to finish their education, but the projected tour was prevented Ijy his death. Occupied in social duties and actively engaged in church-work of various kinds, the life of Miss Snyder was uneventful until 1861, when she left Philadelphia and returned to Selin's Grove, where she had the income of a farm which had been left her by her father. In 1869 President Grant, at the request of the Hon. Simon Cameron, who was her father's warm friend, appointed her postmistress of Selin's Grove. It was, perhaps, in this capacity, more than any other, that she became best known to the inhabitants of Selin's Grove and its vicinity. She continued to discharge the duties of this office for ten years by successive reappointments, until she resigned it, in 1879. That she per- formed these duties faitlifully and well is the universal testimony of the leading bankei-s, merchants and professional men who came into business relations with the post-office under her THE GOVERNOR SNYDER MANSION. management. She still resides in Selin's Grove, making occasional visits to Philadelphia, where she has a large circle of old friends and acquaint- ances, who regard her with a great deal of af- fection and respect. She is a member of the Episcopal Church, and combines an earnest, Christian character with the courtly manners and elegant good-breeding which is naturally to be expected from her birth and education. The Governor Snyder Mansion. — The old Governor Snyder mansion, in Selin's Grove, with its massive walls, stands out prominently, as if to call attention to something of interest. Here the honest and patriotic Governor, with 1482 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the honors of a conspicuous career, spent the last years of his eventful life. The grounds Burrounding this mansion were cultivated and ornamented with great care. The large, old- fashioned stairway, easy to ascend, with its several broad landings at every turn ; the arched doorways, ten feet in height ; the open hearth in all the rooms, even to the third floor ; the wide, open fire-place in the kitchen, with its swinging crane, still linger to tell us what was once the delight and comfort of its first occu- pant. This edifice was built in 1816, during the Governor's last term of office, and he died in it while a member of the State Senate. Dif- ferent families resided in this house as lessees of the Snyder family, until 1827, when its ownership passed to Henry W. Snyder, son of the Governor, and in 1852 he conveyed it to his brother Antes, who by will devised the prop- erty to his wife, Mary B., who was the last representative of the Snyder family owning the old homestead. In 1864 she transferred it to George W. Ziegler, Esq., now of Sunbury. In 1865 Hon. Samuel Alleman and family became the occupants, the title passing to his wife, Ann E. Alleman. Mr. Alleman lived in this prop- perty until his death, February 28, 1881. In the fall of the same year his son, Horace Alle- man, Esq., and family moved into the property and are still the occupants. Prior to 1864 this place was often occupietl by tenants, during which time many things around the premises were allowed to go into decline, and it was not until occupied by the Alleman family that a change was made in the way of improvement and ornamentation. Evergreens, shrubbery, lawn and summer-house were among the im- provements. In 1874, during the great confla- gration the third story of this building was greatly damaged and the large side porch con- sumed. But repairs were soon made, and al- though marked changes can be observed, show- ing modern improvements, yet the old solid walls and nearly all of the interior still show the original architecture of the building. The above engraving shows the building before the fire. The Snyder Monument. — Governor Sny- der was buried in the old Lutheran grave-yard, in the town of Selin's Grove. There have his remains reposed since 1819. For fifteen years all that marked his grave was the humble mound of mother earth. In 1836 a plain mar- ble slab, without any inscription, was placed over his remains. This now marks the tomb of his son, John Snyder, in the grave-yard of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. For sixty-two years thelasti-esting-placeof the distinguished dead was comparatively unknown, and it remained for the Hon. Simon P. Wolver- ton. State Senator from the district composed of Northumberland, Snyder and Union Counties, to render to Simon Snyder the homage and re- spect which his high character merited, by securing the passage of a Legislative act, May 24, 1881, appropriating three thousand dollars toward erecting a suitable monument to his memory. Those entrusted to carry out the pro- visions of the act proceeded to the performance of their duty, and the present beautiful and artistic monument was placed in position. It was made of Quincy granite, is surmounted by a life-size bronze bust of the Governor facing the south, while on the east, south and west sides are fine bronze medallions, representing him as a tanner, a statesman and a farmer. On the south side there is also in polished granite the coat of arms of Pennsylvania, and the following in- scription : " Erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the memory of Simon Snyder." On the north side of the monument are inscribed the dates of his birth and death, together with the several positions of honor and trust held by him. The unveiling of this monument, and the delivering of it from the State to the custody of the citizens represented by a committee, and also the ceremonies connected therewith, com- bined to make the 27th of May, 1885, at Selin's Grove, one of historic importance, and such as can never be obliterated from the minds of those who beheld it. The day was propitious and the town was crowded with people. A large number of the descendants of Governor Snyder were present. A special train from Harrisburg brought the Governor, the chiefs of the several State departments and the members of both Houses of the Legislature. Prominent SNYDER COUNTY. 1483 among the arrivals were Governor Pattison, ex-United States Senator Simon Cameron, ex- Governors Ciirtin and Hartranft, Judges Finley and Bucher, Hon. John B. Packer, Hon. Hugh M. North and Major WiUiara P. Elliott, in his ninety-third year, who held a commission under Governor Snyder. The citizens were justly proud of the occasion, and they strove to show their appreciation by their generous hospitality. The old mansion, decorated with the national colors, had its doors thrown wide open, and many visited this place of interest, and partook of the hospitality of its host and hostess, Mr. and Mrs H. Alleman. At the residences of Messrs. George Schnure, Philip Hilbish, James K. Davis, Calvin B. North, Dr. B. F. Wagenseller, Franklin J. Schoch, J. G. L. Shindel and others were also entertained many of the distinguished guests. At the residence of Miss Mary K. Snyder, a grand- daughter of the Governor, most of the Snyder descendants were entertained. Among the distinguished personages present was Captain William Wayne, a descendant of General Anthony Wayne. He was the guest of Horace Alleman, Esq, The parade took place in the afternoon, under the chief marshalship of Dr. B. F. Wagenseller. Arriving at the grave-yard, the following order of exercises were carried out : Music — Middleburg band. Prayer^ — By Rev. J. Max Hark. Music by band, and unveiling of the statue by Miss Mary Lilian Snyder, great-grand- daughter of Governor Snyder. Address by Gov. Pattison, delivering the monu- ment to the custody of the citizens of the town. Address by A. W. Potter, Esq., accepting the trust on behalf of the citizens. Addresses by ex-Governor A. G. Curtin, Hon. Simon Cameron, ex-Gov. John F. Hartranft. An address, delivered by Rev. J. P. Shindel, Sr., at the burial of Governor Snyder, in 1819, was then translated and read by Professor D. S. Boyer, after which Rev. J. P. Shindel, Jr., a son of the former, read the original address, as delivered in German.' t An historical address was also prepared by Professor Daniel S. Boyer, which was published in the newspaper After extending to the local committee a unanimous vote of thanks, the ceremonies closed. In a few hours the town was left to its usual quiet, and the events of the day had passed into history. The marked success attending the cermonies was due chiefly to the untiring eiforts of the local committee, composed of B. F, Wagenseller (chairman), J. A. Lumbard (secre- tary), George Schnure, James K. Davis, C. B. North, Horace Alleman, F. J. Schoch, A. W. Potter, J. W. Gangler, M. S. Schroyer, George R. Hendricks, James P. Ulrich and S. V. Dye, The Big Fires, Etc. — The first great con- flagration in Selin's Grove was on the night of February 21, 1872 ; and the second and larger one was on the evening of October 30, 1874. Much valuable property and many houses were con- sumed. More handsome residences and larger places of business have since taken the place of those destroyed. Market Square, which formerly extended one hundred feet north and south of Pine, was extended north as far as the Snyder mansion, an addition iu length of about three hundred and fifty feet. A steam fire-engine and two hose-carriages were purchased by the borough in 1873, and a hook-and-ladder truck was soon after added to the fire equipments. The Fire Department now consists of the Susquehanna Fire and Hose Companies, and the Dauntless Hook-and-Lad- der Company. On account of the unsatisfactory supply of water iu case of fire, the subject of water-works was then agitated, and after considerable dis- cussion was, on June 30, 1885, submitted to a vote of the people, who thus decided the ques- tion in the affirmative. The Town Council, after publishing for proposals for the supply of water and fire plugs to the borough, entered into a contract with Peter Herdic, who agreed to furnish the same, the plugs to be thirty, at the annual rental of one thousand dollars for ten years. August 27, 1885, a charter was granted to Peter Herdic and others, and on November 9th work was commenced on the trenches for the accounts of the proceedings, as a document giving, perhaps, the fullest biography of the Governor which appeared in connection with the ceremonies of the monumental dedica- tion.— Ed. 1484 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. pipe. On the 9th of January, 1886, water was pumped into the pijjes, and the first stream of water thrown from the fire-plugs. Business and Manufacturing Inteeests. — Ever since Selin's Grove had an existence down to 1872 it was a place of note and activity, on account of its being a great shipping point. The products of agriculture were continually being delivered at the place, to be shipped to the Eastern cities — at first by means of arks and river-boats floated down the Susquehanna, and later by means of the canal-boat. Pig-iron from Beaver Furnace was hauled to this point for transportation. Two, four and six- horse teams, coming in all directions from as far dis- tant as twenty-five and thirty miles, filled the town and daily made its streets the scene of bustle and business activity. After unloading their products came the purchases from the merchants of the place. Coal, plaster, dry-goods, grocer- ies, hardware and iron were among the articles always returned with these teams. The con- struction of the Sunbury and Lewistown Rail- road through Middle Creek Valley, in 1871, put an end to this activity in Selin's Grove. Stations and shipping-points were established along the line, thus giving to the people of the valley great advantages and depriving Selin's Grove of what had heretofore been its life and support. What is now required to give the place a new impetus must come in the way of manufactories. For this purpose its location cannot be excelled ; its shipping facilities by rail are excellent and its water-power is among the best. Prior to 1836 Mathias App, brother to the late John App, carried on the distilling business in the building at the end of Walnut Street. Water was supplied to the distillery out of a well located on a lot on the northeast cor- ner of Market and Walnut Streets. This water was pumped by dogs placed inside a wheel about fifteen feet in diameter. Inside this wheel the dogs started on their journey, which set the wheel in motion, and thus was furnished the motive-power to the pump. It is narrated that when dogs became so degraded as to molest innocent sheep they were captured and shipped to this distillery. It was afterwards changed to a brewery, then to a foundry, owned for many years by Eohrbach & Eudy, and later by Holmes & Kocher. In the upper part of the borough stands a large brick flour-mill, owned and operated by G. & H. D. Schnure. This site for many years was occupied by a grist-mill and a saw-mill, though at this date there are no traces of the latter.' Above Schnure's mill stood a steam saw-mill, built by Leonard App and George Gundrum. It was burned in 1850, and soon afterward Dean & Schoch built a large machine-shop and foundry on the same site, which, in 1864, was removed to Milton. This ground was again occupied by a large steam saw-mill about 1870, and operated by L. R. Hummel & Co., which was also burned in 1875. The Maine Saw-Mill was built in 1850 by Messrs. Scribner & Perkins, two gentlemen from the State of Maine. At first most of the saw- ing was done by a " gang-saw," containing six or eight saws. This mill has always been operated by steam, by the original owners and by Carey & Schnure, Carey & Cooper, John Hummel & Co. and Edwin Hummel. Keely's sash-factory, on the Isle of Que, for many years was the scene of much business and manufacturing. This was built by Messrs. Cal- sher & Moyer. It then passed into the possession ' The following is from Linn's ''Annals of Buffalo Valley;" "On the 28th December, 1792, a petition was presented to the Senate, on the part of Simon Snyder and Anthony Selin's heirs, to enable them to maintain a dam across Penn's Creek, of the height of two and one-half feet. This aroused the settlers along the creek and produced a remon- strance, read in the Senate March 4, 1793, which stated ' that Simon Snyder and Anthony Selin, before his death, erected a dam across the main current of Penn's Creek ; that there were no less than ten mills within nine miles of Snyder's, some of which grind the year round, unobstructed by ice, and they subjoin a list of the mills, with their dis- tances from Snyder's, — Lauterslager's and Dickie's, within three miles; Moor's, three miles and a half; Shoch's, four miles; Rush's, five miles; Hickadron's, six; Maclay'a, seven miles ; Swineford's, ditto ; Weitzel's, eight ; and Frederick Stees', nine miles.- This being the case, we con- sider it highly injurious to stop the whole navigation of Penn's Creek in order to promote the individual interest of Simon Snyder, Esquire,' " &c. Notwithstanding this remonstrance being signed by many of the leading citizens, the Legislature, April 10, 1793, passed an act authorizing the dam. SNYDER COUNTY. 1485 of Z. S. Keely and is now owned by Z. S. Keely and Jacob Wagner. This factory is lo- cated on the Isle of Que. George Gundrum at one time had a small saw-mill on the west side of the canal, opposite the west end of Market Street, Charlestown. About 1867, Charles A. Moyer, Isaac Burns and A. J. Gross erected a steam saw-mill and sash- factory on this site. Considerable business was done. It was torn down in 1884. Richter & Gangler's foundry and machine- shop were built in 1869. At the present time it is operated by Charles E. and William Kline. The manufacture of bricks was conducted by J. W. Gangler and by Samuel Gemberling for a number of years. Carriages, wagons and sleighs have, for a long period, been made in the town. At the present time the three principal manufiicturers of them are Philip K. Blecker, John Laudeu- slager and William Hains. The principal business places at present are Schoch Brothers, general store; William J. Wagenseller, general store ; H. E. Miller, A. M. Carey, A. Marburger, N. S. Feehrer, W. F. Hummel, H. E. McKelvy, Philip Schnee, groceries ; J. G. L. Shindel, George Wagen- seller and J. H. Ulsh, drug-stores ; S. Oppen- heimer and Dreifoos Brothers, clothing-stores ; M. S. Schroyer and J. Potter, shoe-stores ; E. Deutz, jewelry-store ; George Eby and W. B. Reigle, saddle and harness-shops ; insurance agents are F. A. Norman, H. E. Miller and William H. Snyder ; the Keystone Hotel, by Samuel T. Frain ; the National House, by Wil- liam Haltzworth ; the Riehl House, Joel L. Riehl ; the First National, John B. Fockler. BANKS. The first bank established in this county was chartered under the name of " The First National Bank of Selin's Grove." On the 1st day of January, 1864, a number of the prominent citizens of the town, as well of the county, entered into articles in writing for the purpose of organizing a banking association to carry on the business of banking, as pi-ovided by act of Congress approved February 25, 1863, and to be known as the First National Bank of Selin's Grove. In pursuance to the articles of association entered into, the stockholders met on the 18th day of January, 1864, at the public-house of Mrs. Scharf, in the borough of Selin's Grove, which then stood on the southwest corner of Market and Chestnut Streets. James K. Davis, William F. Eckert and Benjamin Schoch were chosen as judges to hold an election for nine directors. This electi(m resulted in the selection of the following persons, who composed the first board of the bank, viz. : George Schnure, Henry C. Eyer, William F. Wagenseller, A. C. Simpson, Josei^h Eyster, Henry N. Backus, Moses Specht, George C. Moyer and M. B. Holman. This board met for the first time January 21, 1864, at the office of George Schnure, then standing on the north side of Pine Street, a short distance west of Market Street, and unanimously elected George Schnure, Esq., their first president. On the 5th of March, 1864, Calvin B. North, Esq., was unan- imously elected cashier of the bank, and at once entered upon the performance of his duties, which at this time consisted in arranging books, and papers prior to the transaction of banking business. On the 5th of April, 1864, the cer- tificate of the controller of currency was re- ceived authorizing the First National Bank of Selin's Grove to commence the business of banking. This banking institution first opened its place of business two doors above the northeast corner of Market and Walnut Streets, wliere business was conducted until December, 1868, when they moved into the new building just completed by the bank, standing on the third lot above the said corner of Market and Walnut Streets. Here they still continue to do business. Mr. Schnure and Mr. North since their first election have continued as president and cashier to the present time. In this con- nection it is proper to state that Mr. B. F. Gregory has been the efficient and well-trusted teller of the institution from September, 1864, to the present time. At this writing the bank is conducted by the following officere : President, George Schnure ; Cashier, Calvin B. North ; Teller, B. F. Greg- ory ; Clerk, F. A. Norman. George Schnure, Esq., was born in Penn 1486 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. township on December 23, 1811, of German ancestry. His grandfather, John George Schnure, according to the records of the church in Dudenhopeu, Germany, was married to one Anna Catharine Mennor. Of this union John Christian Schnure, the father of George, was born at Dudenhopen, in the principality of Hesse Cassel, July 2, 1763. In 1781, John Christian Schnure left his home and native land and emi- grated to this country, knowing that upon the termination of the voyage a bondage for a term of years awaited him to pay his passage. Upon his arrival the captain of the vessel bound him for three years to a farmer named Ege, residing in Berks County, and all he earned in that time went to pay his fare, clothing and board. After serving out his time he moved to what is now Middle Creek township, Snyder County, where he was married to Elizabeth Pontius, who, at an early age, had removed with her parents from Philadelphia to that locality. She was born February 19, 1776, and died in Hartley township. Union County, Sept. 17, 1852. John Christian Schnure died July 27, 1827. Their children were Catharine, who married Tobias Miller, and settled in Venango County; Henry, who has descendants living in Michigan and In- diana; Elizabeth, married to Charles Smith, de- scendants living in Centre and Union Counties; Christian, descendants living in Centre and Union Counties; Michael, descendants living in Union County; Mary, died unmarried; George, who is the subject of this sketch ; Levi, descend- ants living in Ohio; Margaret, married to Rob- ert Lucas, descendants living in Union County. During his early life George Schnure assisted his father on the farm. During the winter sea- son he had from two to three months' instruc- tion in schools where some were taught in Eng- lish and others in German. The remainder of the year was spent at work. When but nine years of age he left the parental roof and was employed by Robert Foster, who kept a store in Hartleton. This early beginning impressed upon his youthful mind a love for mercantile pursuits and laid the foundation for that indus- try and thrift, which, in after years,, resulted in financial success. After serving Mr. Foster a short time, he returned to his father's farm. where he remained during the summer, and then entered the service of A. D. Hahn, who kept store and tavern in Hartleton, and re- mained four years. In 1825 Mr. Hahn moved to New Berlin and engaged in the mercantile business, and George Schnure accompanied him, remained his clerk for one year and then went to Northumberland, and for three years was a clerk in the store of John A. Sterrett. The store then being purchased by John Guyer, he continued with the new owner nine months. In 1833 Mr. Schnure came to Selin's Grove, and at the age of twenty-two entered into part- nership with his former employer, John A. Sterrett. Their store stood on the second lot from the northeast corner of Market and Wal- nut Streets. After continuing this partnership for three years, Mr. Sterrett, having sold his interest to Henry C. Eyer, retired from the firm. Eyer & Schnure remained in business for seven years, when they disposed of the store to Gundrum & Reichard. Two years later Mr. Schnure entered into partnership with James K. Davis, Jr., and opened a general store on the southeast corner of Market and Pine streets. Mr. Schnure having bought the property on the northwest corner of the said streets, the store was moved to that place, where he and Mr. Davis continued in the general mercantile, grain and shipping business for twelve years. In 1858 the store was sold to Charles S. Davis and Lewis R. Hummel. About 1860 Mr. Schnure bought back Charles S. Davis' interest, and engaged in business with Mr. Hummel. This new firm continued four years, when Mr. Schnure withdrew and devoted the several years following to settling up the partnership affairs. In 1868 he formed a partnership with Daniel Carey, and purchased the Maine Saw- Mill property from Scribner & Perkins, at a cost of twenty-two thousand dollars, and con- tinued in the lumber trade until 1873, when, upon the death of Mr. Carey, he devoted his time to settling up the business affairs as well as the estate of his deceased partner. In September, 1879, Mr. Schnure bought out A. Krieger's and J. Pawling's interest in the flouring-mill at the upper end of Selin's Grove, and became a partner with his son. i SNYDEE COUNTY. 1487 H. D. Schnure, who had previously been in partnership with Krieger & Pawling. Mr. Schnure continues in the milling, grain and flour business with his son. They have rebuilt the mill, added new and improved machinery, erected a large grain-house and connected the mill with the railroad by means of a siding. About 1850 Mr. Schnure was elected a director in the Northumberland Bank, and was frequent- ly re-elected. Upon the removal of the bank to Sunbury he was continued, and is a director at the present time. On January 21, 1864, he was elected the first president of the First Na- tional Bank of Selin's Grove (formerly the Northumberland Bank), and for almost twenty- three years has continued to fill this position. He has frequently served as a school director, as chief burgess and as Councilman. About 1868 he was president of the Sunbury and Lewis- town Railroad, then known as the Middle Creek Railroad, and during his administration part of the grading was done. For many years he was president of the board of directors of the Missionary Institute. Throughout this eventful business career Mr. Schnure was always successful, resulting in the accumula- tion of much wealth and property. He was married, September 23, 1841, to j\Iiss Cordelia Davis, a daughter of James K. Davis, Sr., and a granddaughter on her maternal side of An- thony Selin, the founder of the town. Mrs. Schnure died March 1, 1859. Their children are Francis Marion, born November 13, 1845, married to ]Miss Laura Gross, of New Berlin, November 11, 1868, died October 5, 1871 ; John Sylvester, born January 21, 1848; died March 15, 1881 ; Howard Davis, born October 30, 1850, married to Miss Sarah J. Six, of Mechanicstown, Md., September 20, 1876; Mary Elizabeth Eyer, born January 12, 1853, married to Ira C. Schoch October 23, 1878, died June 5, 1884; Emma Catliarine, born January 4, 1857, married Harvev H. Schoch September 20, 1882. On the 15th of April, 1863, Mr. Schnure was married, the second time, to Miss Amanda Spyker, of Lewisbnrgh. She died January 11, 1877, after an illness of a few hours. In the various walks of life Mr. Schnure has ever been held in the highest esteem. His opinion and advice have for many years been sought and carefully followed by many of his fellow-men. His economy, perseverance and discretion have been carefully studied and prac- ticed by those desiring to advance in life. When a cause was just and deserving of aid, his heart contained a sympathetic chord that could always be touched by the hand of charity. Calvin B. North, now one of the leading citizens of Selin's Grove, is a native of Juniata County, and was born at McAlisterville March 28, 1824. His early years were spent under the parental roof and in attending the public schools of that day. At the age of sixteen he entered a store at Thompsontowu as clerk, where he remained five years. He then went to Philadelphia, and for six months clerked in a wholesale dry-goods store. Returning to his native 2>lace, he embarked in general merchan- dising, in partnership with his father, and con- tinued in this relation for eightyears. He then spent about one year in the Western States. In 1857 Mr. North received an appointment as clerk in the Interior Department at Washington, D. C, under President Buchanan's administra- tion. Here he remained until November, 1861. In February, 1862, he entered the Mifflin County Bank, at Lewistown, as teller, and continued until March, 1864, when he was elected cashier of the First National Bank of Selin's Grove. On the 5th of January, 1865, Mr. North was married to Miss Annie Richter, daughter of the late Peter Richter, a prominent citizen of Selins Grove. Their only son and child living, Roscoe C. North, was born July 25, 1866, and is now attending the Media Academy. The parents of Mr. Nortli are John North and Jane Huston, a daughter of Hugh McAlister, the founder of McAlister- ville. They both had an extensive relationship in Juniata County, and reared a large and intelligent family, viz. : Calvin B. ; Hugh M., of Columbia, Pa. ; Thomas E., of Carbondale, 111. ; Adolphus, of St. Clair County. 111. ; Samuel E., of Carbondale, 111. ; Edmund D., of Lancaster, Pa. ; John Dallas, of St. Clair, III. ; and Jennie E., intermarried with Dr. Washing- ton Righter, of Columbia, Pa. 1488 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The Snyder County Bank was estab- lished in 1869. It was a private association and carried on the business of deposits and dis- counting until 1874, when it suspended. Its business was conducted in the room first occupied by the National Bank, and afterward in the building now occupied by the post-office. Newspapers. — The papers now publislied in this borough are the Snyder County Tribune and the Selin's Grove Times. For a time the Ajnei-ican Lutheran was published here, by Re v. Peter Anstadt, who was its editor; also the Fast, Amos Stroh and Israel Gutelius, editors. It is now published at Middleburg. The Cour- ier, E. P. & A. G. Rohbach, editors, now pub- lished at Freeburg, was started here. The Tri- bune was established in 1854 at INIiddleburg ; in 1858 John Bilger became the proprietor and editor, who conducted it with success until 1867. Mr. Bilger then sold it to Joseph A. Lumbard, who continued to publish it at Middleburg un- til 1871, when he removed to Selin's Grove and has here continued its publication to the present time. Mr. Lumbard has a well-equipped print- ing-office, both as to type and presses. The paper is a weekly, and has always been Repub- lican in politics. The history of the Times is as follows : As far back as 1815, J. Y. Kennedy edited and pub- lished a paper in New Berlin called the Union. About the 1st of September in the same year Kennedy sold out to Henry Shoup, who then became the editor and publisher.' In 1822, Nathaniel Heurie bought the New Berlin Ga- zette from Frederick Wise, and, uniting it with the Union, started the Union Times at New Ber- lin. In 1825, John Cummings, Jr., became the proprietor ; and after him, John A. Sterrett. On September 12, 1834, John S. Ingram, who had become the proprietor, disposed of the paper to James M. Kuester, who also retired December 19th following, whereupon Gabriel Yerick became the editor and proprietor. In 1842 tlie paper was published by Jacob Reichley & Co., with John M. Baum as editor. Mr. Baum afterwards became the proprietor. Shortly 'The above is autlientic, since access was had to the papers of tliat date, a file of which is now in the possession of Franklin Weirick, of Selin's Grove. after the formation of Snyder County, Daniel S. Boyer, Henry Motz and others, having pur- chased this paper, removed the same to Free- burg, where it was published for three months, and then taken to Middleburg, the paper having been purchased by Simon Neuwahl, then pub- lisher of the Snyder County Journal. Mr. Neu- wahl combined the two papers in one and called it the Journal and Times, which he continued but a short time, and on December 28, 1857, Franklin Weii'ick purchased the one-half inter- est and became the editor. On the 1st of April, 1858, the paper was moved to Selin's Grove and called the Selin's Grove Times. Mr. Neu- wahl continued his interest in the paper until 1861, when Mr. Weirick became the sole pro- prietor and editor, and continued the publication until January 1, 1882. He then disposed of the paper to T. Benton Ulrich, who since that time has continued to be the editor and pro- prietor. This paper has always been Democratic in principles and is published weekly. Selin's Grove Driving and Park Associ- ation.— At May term of court, 1877, the fol- lowing-named persons presented a petition to court asking to be incorporated by the name and title " Selin's Grove Driving and Park Asso- ciation," for agricultural and other purposes, viz.: Dr. B. F. Wagenseller, S. Gemberling, L. E. Pawling, Charles Miller, H. J. Ritter, George Schnure, Jonas Trexler, C. H. Boyer, Philip Hilbish, F. J. Schoch and A. Z. Schoch. The oraianization owned ten acres of land, situ- ate in Penn township, bordering on the Susque- hanna River and Pennsylvania Canal. The capital stock was four thousand dollars. The shares of stock were forty dollars, and one hun- dred shares of stock were to be issued. The as- sociation was managed by ten directors. The court granted articles of incorporation at Sep- tember term, 1877. An agricultural society was organized in 1872, which has held annual fairs at Selin's Grove every year up to 1885, when the thir- teenth annual fair was held. This association held tlieir fairs on the ground of the Park As- sociation, and erected buildings, etc., on which to place articles brought for exhibition, and stalls were erected for the accommodation of cattle. SNYDER COUNTY. 1489 George Hilbish (deceased), of Freeburg, served one year as president. George C. Moyer, Esq., of Freebnrg, served one year and Professor D. S. Boyer, of Freeburg, served eight years, and Jonas Trexler is now president. Miles Wetzel has been the efficient secretary from its organization to the present time. When Pro- fessor Boyer retired from the presidency he de- livered an address, in which he stated "That this society has met all her obligations ; fulfilled all her promises." Societies. — Lafayette Lodge, No. 194, A. Y. M., was organized in 1823. The following is a list of the charter members : Henry C. Ever, J. R. Lotz, M.D., Henry W. Snyder, G. Heberling, C. Grove, E. Dartnell, J. Stees, H. Am berg, C. Derring, George Herrold, Henry Lotz, John Muma and John Cummings. This lodge has always continued in a flourishing condition, and has numbered among its members some of the most highly respected and influential citizens of the county. Selin's Grove Lodge, No. 197, I. O. of O. F., was organized August 17, 18-t6. The charter members were John Swineford, J. M. App, Frederick Gundrum, Jonas Bergstresser and Andrew Wingert. In 1877 it had one hundred and eighty-four members. In 1870 the Odd- Fellows' Hall, a large two-story brick building, was erected. The first story of this building contains a large hall, with theatrical stage, while the second story is arranged to accommodate secret societies. The present officers of the lodge are Frederick Hare, N. G. ; R. W. Heint- zleman, Y. G. ; L. D. Baker, Sec. ; P. K. Biecker, Asst. Sec. ; H. J. Doebler, Treas. ; H. J. Doebler, Dist. Dept. G. JM. William Curtis Encampment, No. 164, I. O. of O. F., was organized February 29, 1868. The charter members were J. W. Gaugler, H. E. Richter, A. B. Hiestand, J. P. Kantz, John H. Wenrich, William Gernberling and Joseph Wenrich. The present officers are H. J. Doebler, C. P.; G. A.Hopper, S. W.; J. B. Fockler, J. W.; H. E. McKelvy, H. P. ; L. D. Baker, Scribe ; J. B. Fockler, Treas.; J. B. Fockler, Dist. Dept. G. P. Lodges of the Sons of Temperance, Good Templars, Patriotic Sons of America, and Knights of Pythias each had an existence in Selin's Grove for a time. Captain C. S. Davis Post, No. 148, G. A. R., was named in honor of Captain Charles S. Davis, who enlisted from this town August 26, 1862, and who was fataily wounded while gal- lantly leading his company at the battle of Ringgold, Ga., November 28, 1863. This post was chartered January 22, 1880. The following is the list of its charter members : A. W. Potter, J. A. Lumbard, M. S. Schroyer, B. F. Wagen- seller, J. B. Rarick, H. Alleraan, B. T. Parks, John Spahr, Henry Doebler, M. B. Gardner, Henrj- Benner, Michael Shaffer, Lott Ulrich, Fred. B. Ulrich, Levi Fisher. Since the organ- ization ninety comrades have been added to the roll. For two years after its establishment the post had the free use of the furnished room belonging to the survivors of Captain Davis' company G, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Yolunteers. The post then rented the furnished room of the Odd- Fellows. In 1884 they rented the hall on the third floor of Holmes' building and beautifully furnished the same. Here they continue to hold their meetings. The following comrades have held the position of Post Commander, and in the order named: M. S. Schroyer, two years; J. A. Lumbard, John Rarick, M. L. Wagensel- ler, B. T. Parks and H. Benner, each one year. Postmasters. — The following is a list of the postmasters from 1836 to date : Matthew Coan, James K. Davis, Jr., Daniel Baker, Anthony Keenstler, James Agen, M. J. App, J. G. L. Shindel, Jeremiah Grouse, Aaron Hassiuger, Calvin Gutelius, Mary K. Snyder, George R. Hendricks. Justices of the Peace. — The names of the justices, together with the date of their election, were, — John Emmitt, April 10, 1855 ; Jacob Eiblet, April 10, 1855; S. W. Parks, April 12, 18-59; John Emmitt, April 10, 1860 ; George A. Hassinger, April 12, 1864 (resigned); George Eby, April 24, 1865; Benj. House- werth, April 24, 1865; George Eby, March 22, 1870; Benj. Housewerth, March 22, 1870; George Eby, March 13,1875; Benj. Housewerth, March 13,1875 (deceased); Isaac Burns, August 20, 1878 (tiice House- werth); Isaac Burns, March 27, 1879; Charles E. Rishel, March 30, 1880; Isaac Burns, April 15, 1884; Charles R. Rishel, April IS, 1885.' • The history of the Borough of Selin's Grove was written by Horace AUenian, Esq. urn JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER VII. MIDDLEBURQ. MiDDLEBUKG is centrally located ten miles west of Selin's Grove, and hence was selected as the seat of justice upon the formation of Snyder County, in 1855. The town was laid out in 1800 on the south side of Middle Creek, on the land of John S\vineford,and was for many years called Swinefordstown. The survey of the town- plat of one hundred and five lots was made by Frederick Evans, a man of much prominence in his day and generation. In 1801 a number of lots were sold. At the time the town was laid out there were several houses standing, and as early as 1787 -John Swineford had a tavern at the place. The lots were sold subject to a ground-rent of one dollar per year forever; when this burden was removed is not known, but at this time the lots are held clear of all en- cumbrances. In the year 1802 the following assessment is shown for Swinefordstown : John Aurand, joiner ; John Epler; Dayid Fry, shoe- maker } Jacob Fry, Sr.; Mark Kennel ; Jacob Lechner, inn-keeper; David List ; Isaac Mertz; Zacharias Mussina ; John Nelson ; Martin Smith, cooper : Robert Smith ; George Spade ; George Swineford ; David Spade; John Miller; Michael Nyant ; Michael Wittenmyer, clock- maker. This was one of the voting-places for Penn's township. The election returns for 1802 show one hundred and twenty-nine votes cast for Hon. Samuel Maclay for State Senator. Michael Wittenmyer was the first postmaster for Middleburg. He was appointed in 1811 and. continued in office until 1826. His succes- sors have been Frederick Stees, 1826 to 1829 ; Henry A. Smith ; Judge Jacob Wittenmyer, 1844 to 1848 ; Samuel Wittenmyer, 1848 to 1852 ; Henry A. Smith, 1852 to 1861 ; Jacob Aurand, 1861 to 1865; John H. Wright, Robert W. Smith, Mrs. Robert W. Smith, Ja- cob Aurand, J. W. Dreese, Dr. G. E. Hassinger, Samuel Wittenmyer and Dr. I. G. Barker, pres- ent incumbent. The first postmaster to intro- duce the letter-boxes in his office was Jacob Aurand. The office when under the Smiths was in the bar-room of the Black Horse Tavern. Beneath the heavy walnut bar was a large drawer, and from this were the letters for the citizens delivered. Middleburg was in Centre township until the erection of Franklin, in 1853, and remained part of Franklin until 1864, when the town was incorporated into a borough. The first chief burgess of the borough was A. J. Peters, and the first Council was composed of Dr. J. Y. Shindel, Robert W. Smith, Absalom Snyder, David Ranch, Samuel Alleman. Newspapers. — The first newspaper in the place was established in 1854, called the Volks- freund, printed in German, and edited by An- drew J. Peters, who moved the paper here from New Berlin. Its publication was continued at Middleburg until about 1875, when it was re- moved to one of the eastern counties. The ed- itors of the paper were A. J. Peters, John B. Stoll, Peter Hackeuberg, D. Bolender, J. A. Ettinger, W. H. Beaver and Mr. Gearing. The Snyder County Tribune was established in 1855 by M. T. Heintzleman. The successive pub- lishers were Heintzleman & Young, Young & Lewis, Bilger & Lewis, Bilger, Gift & Myers, Lumbard & Myers, and, finally, J. A. Lum- bard, who now publishes the paper at Selin's Grove. The Snyder County Journal was established in 1856, Weirick & Newhall being the publishers. They then purchased the Union Times from Henry Motz, of Freeburg, and, consolidating the two, called their paper The Journal and Times. This paper was removed to Selin's Grove, and named The Selin's Grove Times, with Franklin Weirick as editor and proprietor. The paper is now owned and ed- ited by T. B. Ulrich. The IMiddleburg Post was established in 1863 by Jeremiah Crouse, Esq. Afler continuing as its proprietor and editor until 1881, he sold to T. H. Harter, the present editor and proprietor. Fires. — Though Middleburg has been for- tunate in escaping much loss by fire, yet there are several instances which should be recorded as matters of history. After midnight on June 1, 1851, the frame house of Albright Swine- ford, then used as a tavern, was burned. Mr. Swineford soon erected a fine brick iiouse on the same site, which he has since used as a pri- SNYDEE COUNTY". 1491 vate residence. In 1867 a fire destroyed the residence and store of S. S. Schoch, the tin-shop of D. T. Rhodes and the residence of John M. Smith. These properties extended from the northeast corner of jNIarket and Sugar Streets to the residence of INIr. Albright Swineford. Samuel Wittenmyer has since erected a fine brick dwelling ou the corner. About 1878 an- other fire destroyed the carpenter-shop of C. W. Catherman and the residence of Dr. J. W. Rockefeller. This site is now occupied by the residence of Jacob Gilbert, Esq. A few years prior to this last fire, about 1875, the store occu- pied by C. C. Seebold was destroyed, a little after midnight. Inhabitatants and Occppatioss, 1814.— John Aurand, Frederick Hippie, Robert Hasslet, Jacob Miller, Philip Wetzel, Michael Shultz, carpenters ; George Aurand, John Bower, saddlers; John Aurand George Bolender, James Harbin, blacksmiths ; John Bolender, Thomas Shipton, justices of the peace ; Henry Bolender, Andrew Stalnecker, Jacob Swine- ford, Henry Tittle, hatters ; Jacob Bilger, Peter Eisenhour, Peter Fraiu, George Bilger, George Shambach, masons ; John Bolender, Jr., Jacob Gil- bert, Philip Bitter, Edward Fryer, William De Haven, Samuel Mertz, shoemakers ; Benjamin Bowersox, Daniel Bowersox, Jacob Lawver, Isaac Mertz, Isaac Yarnell, George Yeager, George Smith, John Gumby, Jacob Miller, laborers ; Jacob Baitler, weaver ; Alex- ander Cummings, Jacob Oswaldt, Peter Beistle, Mi- chael Deibert, tailoi-s ; Edward Fauls, Philip Deal, John Blate, inn-keepers ; George Frederick, Christian Shambach, wagoners ; Jeremiah Hassinger, Leonard Smith, John Smith, Henry Smith, Samuel Beyer, tanners ; Abraham Lose, cooper ; Peter Hackenburg, Peter Snyder, schoolmasters; George Heim, minis- ter; Abraham Frederick, miller ; John Mover, Thom- as Wallis, Christian L. Shlemm, doctors ; William Eeaser, blue dyer ; Frederick Steese, Philip Deel, John Steese, store-keepers ; Michael Wittenmyer, clock-maker. In 1814 there was one lot in Mid- dleburg assessed in the name of Simon Snyder, Gov- ernor. 1829. — Jacob Fryer, inn-keeper until 1850 ; George Aurand,justiceof the peace ; John Bibighaus, doctor; John Bower, inn-keeper until 1838; Lewis Bertram, inn-keeper until 1832 ; James Barbin, blacksmith un- til 1853 ; Samuel Gaugler, inn-keeper until 1841 ; Daniel Bogar, store-keeper; John Cummings, Jr., store-keeper; Frederick Steese, store-keeper; Jona- than Holmes, doctor until 1835 ; John Highley, schoolmaster; Rev. Jacob Smith, minister. 1832. — Charles Cummings, store-keeper ; Jacob Fisher, inn-keeper ; Samuel Guas, tan-yard ; William Garman, Lutheran minister until 1841 ; Anthony Kin.stler, apothecary ; Michael Wittenmyer, justice of the peace ; Jacob Wittenmyer, store-keeper ; Samuel Wittenmyer, store-keeper. 1835.— George Boyer, tanner until 1850; Daniel Beckley, inn-keeper; Frederick Evans; Simon Frank, merchant until 1838 ; Lewis Gust, tanner ; George Motz, tanner ; George McGinnis, teacher ; Isaac Smith, merchant until 1841 ; Jacob Shannon, saddler until 1844; John Smith, inn-keeper un- til 18-14 ; George Swineford, carpenter until 1850 ; Jacob Wittenmyer, merchant until 1853 ; John Bower, inn-keeper; Peter Frain, tailor, still living (1886). 1838. — Jacob Aurand, constable, justice of the peace 1840, tinner 1847 to 1850, register and recorder, etc., died in 1884; Peter Dreese, blacksmith until 1853 ; Michael Wittenmyer, merchant ; Henry Walter, merchant ; David Swenk, hatter, assessor and justice of the peace ; Henry A. Smith, inn-keeper until 1860 ; J. P. Shindel, Lutheran minister to present time. 1841. — Lewis Bertram, Justice of the Peace. 1847.— H. N. Backhous, merchant until 1853; Joseph Eyster, physician ; Swengle & Hassinger, merchants ; John Smith was an inn-keeper from 1835 to 1844, when he was succeeded by his widow, Elizabeth Smith, who still keeps the Central Hotel, also known as the " Waffle House." Mrs. Smith has always led a busy and industrious life, has always been kind-hearted and hospitable, and in her extreme old age is still noted for her remarkable activity. She is known far and wide. Albright Swineford, inn- keeper; after the destruction of his building by fire, as previously narrated, Mr. Swineford ceased to keep tavern. He is a son of John Swineford, the founder of the town ; is ninety years of age, hale and hearty, and no later than two years ago went on Shade Mountain and as- sisted in making a survey. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, as corporal, in Captain Ner Middles- warth's company. Mr. Swineford has been elected to many of the offices of the town and township. He was a member of the building committee of the Lutheran and German Reformed Church of this place, contributing liberally towards its erection in 1834, and afterwards towards its remodeling, about 1862. The Evangelical Lutheran and Re- formed Church of Middleburg was built, in 1834, of brick, with high gallery on three sides and a high pulpit on the east side. This church had a steeple with a fine-toned bell in it. The building committee were Albright Swine- ford, David Zieber, George Bolender and George Boyer. The services at the laying of 1492 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the corner-stone were conducted by Rev. Wil- liam Garmau, Rev. J. P. Shindel, Sr., and Rev. Henry Fries. The dedication services were conducted by Revs. J. P. Shindel, Sr., J. G. Anspach, Henry Fries and Fisher. At this time the Reformed congfresation was served by Rev. Henry Fries, followed by Revs. Sei- bert, Shultze, A. B. Casper, Hackman, S. Gute- lius, C. Z. Weiser, D.D., and J. K. Miller. The Lutheran confrpegation was served by Revs. Garman, Erlenmeyer, Ruthrauff, Reiser and Klose. About 1860 the church was remodeled and changed into a two-story building, with base- ment and audience-room, and M'as rededicated by Rev. Klose, J. C. Bucher, D.D. and Rev. Samuel Gutelius. The following Reformed pastors have since supplied the chai'ge : Revs. Samuel Gutelius, L. C. Edmunds, Hotfmeier, Seiple, Yearick, Dotterer, Kohler and T. R. Dietz, the present pastor. The Lutherans were served by Rev. Klose, Rev. Prof. H. Zeigler, D.D., theological stu- dents of Missionary Institute, R. Lazarus Brein- inger, Orwig, Irwine, Rote, Brodfeurer, Ken- dall, Spangler and S. P. Orwig, the present pastor. This church has, in connection, a large and prosperous Sabbath-school. This church was supplied by the following pastors during times when there was no regular pastor: Rev. Henry Aurand, Rev. Ephraim E. Kieffer, Rev. C. Z. Weiser, D.D., Rev. J. C. Bucher, D.D. (Reformed), and Rev. Prof. H. Zeigler, D.D., Rev. Willard and others (Lutheran). Church of the United Brethren in Christ. — In 1850 Rev. E. Hershey organized a class at Middleburg. Rev. Hershey was fol- lowed by the Rev. L. W. Kramner, under whose pastorate their church was built, — about 1853. This was a one-story brick structure, with steeple and bell. Prior to the completion of the court-house, the courts were held in this church, and the county offices were in the building on the opposite side of the street. The class, having become permanent at this time, has thus continued, yearly gaining in strength and influence. Rev. Kramner, having served from 1852 until 1855, was succeeded by the following-named ministers: Henry Dark- son, 1865 to 1858; Joseph Dougherty, 1858 and 1859; Daniel Caufman and Henry Hil- bish (now pastor of the Trinity Reformed Church, at Hanover, Penna.), in 1860; Chris- tian Caufman and Barker, 1860 and 1861 ; Jacob Rank, 1862 and 1863; George W. Hoff- man, 1864; George Lowery, 1865 and 1866; Jacob List, 1867 and 1868 ; Rev. Shade, in 1869; Samuel W. Moan, in 1870; William Dissinger, 1871; Amos Grawl, 1872; John R. Miller, 1873; Amos Grawl, 1874-77; Joseph Wenck, 1878; Peter Hains, 1879-80; W. Gamblin, 1881; Rev. Miller, 1882-84; J. W. Buchter, 1885. In 1871 the church was en- larged and rebuilt, a second story being added. The Evangelical, Association has an organization in Middleburg. They have stated services, but no church building of their own. At present, they occupy the United Brethren Church. Schools. — The public schools are graded, and are held in the large two-story brick build- ing standing at the end of Walnut Street, on Pine vStreet. Prior to the erection of this building, a frame school-house, painted red, occupied the site. After climbing up steep steps, the pupils entered a small, square entry, which led to the main room. Within the door, to the left, sat the schoolmaster, well supplied with four-feet-long switches, and woe to the tardy or unruly pupil that came within his convenient reach, as he entered that door. The seats and desks were made of solid pine boards, planed smooth at first, but ere many winters had passed, deeply cut with some favor- ite initials and characters. This old school- house on the hill was called the Gravel Hill Seminary. There was a similar school-house at the east end of the town, on the lane that leads to the cemetery of the place. It stood back of Motz's tannery, close by Stump's Run, and was called the Stump's Run Academy. Great rivalries used to exist between the schol- ars of these two schools. The teachers were John A. Ettinger, Daniel Showers, Franklin Weirick, Charles P. Swengel, John Peckman and others. There are at present two schools in the town, with an attendance of eighty pupils. SNYDER COUNTY. 1493 Societies. — Post No. 56, G. A. R., was or- ganized April, 1867. The charter members were John Y. Shiadel, Aaron K. Gift, B. T. Parivs, Joseph A. Lumbard, U. P. Hafley, Hiram Schwenk, James Musser, Joseph Ulsh, John H. Wright, Daniel T. Rhoads, William N. Kister and Aaron Renninger. The first Commander was B. T. Parks ; Adjutant, Joseph A. Lumbard. This post existed but a few years. The last Commander was Robert Eisen- , hour, now living in the West. Captain George W. Ryan Post, No. 364, G. A. R., was named in honor of a gallant sol- dier who was killed in the battle of Fredericks- burg. The organization of the post took place Aug. 7, 1884, with twenty-threechartermembers. The first officers were G. C. Gutelius, P. C. ; J. W. Orwig, S. V. C. ; Theophilus Swineford, J. V. C. ; D. T. Rhoads, Q. M. ; Dr. R, Rothrock, Surg. ; Dr. J. Y. Shindel, Chap. ; F. E. Bower, O. of D. ; John S. Stetler, O. of G. ; A. K. Gift, Adjt. ; James P. Smith, Sgt.-Maj. , Thomas Rathfon, Q. M. S. This post has fifty-two members. Albright Swineford, a sol- dier of the War of 1812, is an honorary mem- ber. The present officers are : P. C, D. T. Rhoads; S. V. C, A. K. Gift; J. V. C, Ner B. Middleswarth ; Surg., Dr. J. Y. Shindel ; (.^hap.. Rev. S. P. Orwig ; O. of D., Reed Jones; O. of G., G. C. Gutelius; Q. M., Thomas Rathfon ; Q. M. S., Aaron Renninger ; Adjt., S. S. Schoch ; Sgt.-Maj., Theo. Swineford. George E. Hackenberg Camp, No. 76, East- ern Pennsylvania, Sons of Veterans, named in honor of Lieutenant George E. Hackenberg, was organized March 5, 1885. The camp has a membership of twenty-six. SIusiCAL. — Middleburg has for many years manifested an interest in the divine art of music. Among its citizens are found those who, as performers on instruments or as vocalists, will compare favorably with those of other parts of the State. The first military band in Middleburg was organized in 1849. The oi'iginal members were A. K. Gift, John S. Hassinger, William Swenk, John Bilger, Joseph Boleuder, Edward Wetzel, John Y. Shindel, T. B. Bibighaus, Aaron G. Has.singer, Jacob A. Smith and Charles Boyer. This band had an existence of about five years. About 1855 a second military band was organized with upright-bell brass instruments. The original members were John A. Ettinger, C. L. Smith, Edw. Wetzel, John Reitz, Jacob A. Smith, Robert W. Kern, John Frain, Philip Swineford, Christian Steininger and Lewis King. This band existed until about 1860. The third military band was organized in 1866. The original members were A. K. Gift, Philip Swineford, Henry Bachman, James C. Swineford, John Y. Shindel, Theophilus Swineford, Benjamin Bachman, John E. Bolen- der, James P. Smith, Jacob K. Snyder, G. Milton Motz and John A. Motz. This band had an existence of four or five years. In 1871 the fourth military band was organized, and is still (1886) in exist- ence. This band was incorporated Sejjtember 26, 1884. Of the members at the organization, J. F. Stetler, A. J. Crosgrove and Calvin Stetler are still active members. Professor J. F. Stetler has been conductor since organization. The present officers are : President, M. K. Hassinger; Treasurer, A. J. Crosgrove ; Secretary, Calvin Stetler.- The band owns a hall building, two stories eighteen by thirty-six feet, an elegant wagon three sets of uniforms and a good set of instruments. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JEREMIAH CROUSB. The subject of this sketch was born at Selin's Grove, Snyder County, Pa., October 1, 1828. He was a son of James Crouse. His mother's maiden-name was Lydia Singer, a sister of Dr. Singer, of Newport, Perry County, Pa. He had five brothers and three sisters, viz.: Dr. G. J. Crouse, of Philadelphia ; Dr. W. F. Crouse, Cloverland, Clay County, lud.; Anna, wife of Dr. J. M. Wallis, of Philadelphia ; Har- riet, wife of Rev. Jacob Peters, Lutheran min- ister, Manheim, Pa.; Mary, wife of J. P. Smith, merchant, Muncy, Pa.; B. F. Crouse, mail con- tractor, Selin's (xrove ; J. N. Crouse, Newville, 1-194 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Pa.; Daniel Grouse, attorney-at-law, Harlan, la. He received his education in tiie common schools at Selin's Grove. He married Henrietta, daughter of Israel Gutelius, who died at Mid- dleburg October 16, 1881, leaving two sons and one daughter. His oldest son, James Gutelius Grouse, is an attorney-at-law, practicing at Mid- dleburg. He was clerk in the prothonotary's office a number of years, which brought him in contact with the business men of the county, In the spring of 1855 he was elected high constable of the borough of Selin's Grove ; re- elected in the spring of 1856. During his first term he escaped the unpleasant duties usually pertaining to the office, but early in his second term an execution was placed in his hands which required of him to make sale of the effects of a poor family. This was revolting to his generous nature, and he immediately resigned. Under the administration of President Lin- f>'-?rt^^ULj(J and secured for him a good practice. When quite young he became a clerk in the store of Benjamin Schoch, a leading merchant and deal- er of grain and seeds at Selin's Grove, where he acquired a good business education. He was appointed postmaster at Selin's Grove under Taylor's administration, and served four years and six months. He was requested to continue in the office on the incoming of an adverse ad- ministration, l)ut he declined, believing that " to the victors belong the spoils." coin, in 1861, he was again appointed postmas- ter, and held the office four years and six months. In 1858 lie went into convention for the ofHce of prothonotiiry, but was defeated by only two votes by Jacob P. Bogar. He became a strong advocate of the " Crawford County " system of nominating candidates for the Republican party in Snyder County. Through his persistence the measure was carried, and the popular vote system of nominating candidates for county offices has been in use since 1863. Early in SNYDER COUNTY. 1495 the summer of 1864 the Repiiblicau primary election was held, and Mr. Grouse was nomina- ted by a decided majority for the office of pro- thonotary, and triumphantly elected at the gen- eral election in October, 1864. During the time he held the office he cultivated friendships and tenaciously held them. His means were scarcely commensurate with his generosity. His charities were many, but he never paraded them before the public. He was affable, courteous and efficient as a public officer ; moral and law-abid- ing as a citizen ; calculating as a politician. He engrafted himself in the public esteem to the end that he was elected to the office of prothon- otary and clerk of courts for seven consecutive terms — a period of twentj'-one years. Mr. Grouse became editor and proprietor of The Post January 1, 1867, and made it the organ of the Republican party. This paper had been established by his father-in-law, Israel Gutelius. His good management of this paper kept it in the front rank until December 1, 1882, when he sold it to T. H. Harter, Esq. He was a number of times delegate to the Republican State Gonvention, and a member of the State Gentral Gommittee for several years. His strength at home caused him to be sent to these conventions, which brought him into close personal and political i-elatious with the leading men of the party, and gave him a State- wide reputation. HON. G. ALFRED SCHOCH. On Jan. 16, 1843, the subject of our sketch en- tered the world in what is now Snyder Co., near Middleburg. The parentage is readily traced back to the Faderland, his great-great-grand- father, INIathias Schoch, with his brothers, John and George, and two sisters, coming thence and settling in Berks Gounty, Pa. Mathias was twice married, and had children as follows : John, Henry, Michael, Jacob, Peter and Cath- arine by his fii-st wife, and George, Daniel and Rebecca by the second. Jacob (son of Mathias) had children as follows : George, Michael, Ja- cob, Sem, Abram, John, David, Benjamin, Catharine (married George A. Snyder), Susan (married Rev. J.G. Anspach), Elizabeth (married Colonel Philip Gross), Mary (married Beatty Cook). Michael (son of Mathias) was the father of George, the father of George W. Seiioch, Esq., of the Mifflinburg (Union Gounty, Pa.) Tele- graph. Michael (so)i of Jacob), born May 15, 1799, married Rosanna Klose, who bore him seven children, the eldest of whom, Emanuel, born near Middleburg, , married Susan- nah, daughter of John and Margaret (Miller) Kline, and had two children, — George Alfred (whose name heads this sketch), and Amanda Diana, who married Lewis E. Pawling, of this countv, and has borne him five children: Albert Schoch, Samuel James, Emanuel, Susan Alice and Delia Elizabeth ; an infant, unnamed at death. Mr. Schoch appreciated the great value of a liberal education, and placed his son Alfred at the Freeburg Academy, after having gone through the regular course afforded by the com- mon schools, that he might obtain the benefits to be derived from this well-known institution. At the conclusion of his studies Alfred entered the educational arena, and taught in the county schools nine winter terms, and then commenced upon his chosen career, the mercantile, as a clerk, first at Middleburg and then at Selin's Grove. M'ith the experience therein gained he opened a store at Middleburg on October 7, 1870, and found a ready welcome from his friends. His business rapidly increased, and, in 1882, he pur- chased the fine brick block on the corner oppo- site the court-house, and, after remodeling it, placed a large and complete general stock with- in its walls, and has constantly added to his Inisiness since by the ability with which he man- ages it. In 1867 Mr. Schoch was elected jury com- missioner, and filled such position until 1870, besides which he has never hesitated to accept the township and borough offices which have from time to time been pressed upon him by the citizens. Recognizing iiis fitness to serve them in a wider sphere, he was nominated by tlie Re- publican party and elected Representative in the State Legislature, to serve in the sessions of 1875 and 1876. His connection with that body was recognized by his fellow-members as valuable. 1496 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and we quote the following relative to him from the " Legislative Slvetoh-Boolv," issued in 1876 : " He is a gentleman of mental calibre. His ideas are good and he reasons witli much close- ness. His views are usually practical and have good common-sense to recommend them. He is a gentleman of much force of character and could, uuder no considerations, be tempted to swerve fromwhathecousiders tobethepath of duty. We do not know a more consistent man. Certainly 1884, he was re-elected to the House for 1885- 86, and has done good work for the county in the session which closed June 12th last, one special point being worthy of mention. The un- veiling of Governor Snyder's monument at Se- lin's Grove, set for May 27, 1885, was consid- ered an occasion for the legislative bodies to adjourn and partici])ate in the ceremonies. A resolution to such eifect originated in the Senate and was passed, but when handed into the House no honorable member adheres more faithfully to his election-j)k'dges or his political priuciples. He deserves all praise for the faithful mnniier in which he discharges his legislative duties. No member's name appears more regularly on the list of yeas and nays ; and he is equally at- tentive to his duties in the committee-room. He is much esteemed by his fellow-members for his unblemished private eliaracter." His actions as their Representative were so sat- isfactory to his constituents that, iu the fall of was summarily suppressed. Mr. Schoch, appre- (Mating the wishes of his constituents, moved a reconsideration of the question, which was car- I'ied, and upon the original question coming up for action, made a strong appeal for its pas- sage. When the vote was taken it was found to be nearly unanimously carried, thus evidencing the weight of Mr. Schoch in the House and his pop- ularity among the members, who were thereby enabled to meet ^vith the assembled thousands SNYDER COUNTY. 1497 in the pleasant old town of Selin's Grove upon the occasion referred to. On December 23, 1873, the subject of our sketch was joined in wedlock with Miss Alice D., daughter of the late John and Elizabeth (Rishel) Meuch, of near MilSinburg, Union County, Pa., one of the oldest and most promi- nent families in Central Pennsylvania. Their union has been blessed in the birth of one child, a daughter, but the All-wise saw fit to cut short the sweet life in its very bud. Mrs. Alice D. Schoeh is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and one of her brothers, Rev. A. H. INIench, was, until his de- cease in May, 1876, a pastor in such connection. In early manhood jSIr. Schoeh united with the Lutheran Church, and has maintained close connection with the principles of that body. When the Sunbury and Lewistown Raih'oad was projected, Hon. G. Alfred Schoeh foresaw its certain value as a promoter of the public weal, and became an ardent supporter of the enterprise. He has always been interested in progressive matters, and desires to benefit the people wherever possible. Still a young man, hardly at the height of his usefulness, we read- ily see a long and honorable career before him, carrying, as he does, the respect and hearty good- will of the citizens of his county. CHAPTER VIII. PENN TOWNSHIP.' Had any one inquired from competent author- ity, during the year 1767, of the location and size of Penn township along the Susqnehanna, he would have been informed that it ■was in the northern part of Cumberland County, and embraced that portion of Pennsylvania bounded as follows : " Beginning at the intersection of Cocolamus creek with McKee's path; thence up said creelj, according to the North-East branch thereof, to the Susquehanna River as high as George Galbraith's (Gabriel) planta- tion ; thence down said river as far as McKee's path ; thence along said path to the place of beginning." 'By Horace AUeman. To the general reader this boundary is rather indefinite ; but to one acquainted with the loca- tions this description would satisfy him that Penn township contained what is now Union, Chapman, Perry, Washington and part of Penn townships, in Snyder County; also the greater part of Monroe, Greenwood and Susque- hanna townships, in Juniata County. North- umberland County was erected in 1772, and Penn township was re-formed. From the records of the new county we have the following descrip- tion of the township, then in Northumberland : " Beginning at the mouth of Mahantango creek ; thence in a North westerly direction along Mahantan- go creek to Meteer's spring ; thence to top of Tussey's mountain ; thence in an easterly direction to Penn's creek ; thence down said creek to its mouth ; thence down the river to the place of beginning." This description embraced what at the pres- ent is part of Brown, most of Armagh and De- catur townships, in MifHiu County, the southern portions of Hartley and Lewis townships, in Union County, and all the county of Snyder, except the township of ]\Ionroe and a small por- tion of Jackson. As population increased, this vast township was divided into smaller ones, which, to-day, number not less than eighteen, so that Penn town.ship is now reduced in size to about nine square miles. In 1784 nearly the one-half of this territory was formed into a new township called Beaver Dam. In 1804 Centre township was formed out of parts of Penn and Beaver Dam, and subsequently Jackson, Middle Creek, Washington, Chapman and Union town- ships were formed from part of its territory. Indian Narratives. — On the lower part of the Isle of Que, and embraced in this township, iiave been found traces of a general burying sjround of Indians. This was fullv indicated at the time of digging the Pennsylvania Canal, when the excavation was made for the cellar of Chris- tian Fisher's house, and at numerous other points. Stone hatchets, arrow heads, fragments of pots, etc., were also found in great quantities. Within the present limits of Penn township there was perpetrated one of the most inhuman and unprovoked murders found in the annals of our early settlers. In January, 1768, Frederick Stump, residing not far from where Selin's 1498 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Grove now stands, and near the mouth of Middle Creek, without any known provocation, killed four Indian men and tAvo squaws. In order to cover up his crime, Stump cut a hole in the ice, and consigned his victims to a watery grave. A man by the name of John Ironcutter, who was Stump's servant, assisted in this inhuman act. Goaded by the demons now aroused within them, the day following they proceeded up Mid- dle Creek fourteen miles, and there killed an Indian wouian, two girls and a child, and burnt them up. This was where " Stump's Run " empties into Middle Creek at Middleburg. All this barbarity occurred at a period when friendly relations existed between the Indians and the whites. As may be readily imagined, this un- fortunate occurrence created great apprehension among the settlers, who now had just reason to fear that, out of revenge, the natives would again resort to the torch, the tomahawk and the scalping knife. As soon as this tragedy became known prompt and strenuous efforts were made by the provincial government for the apprehen- sion and punishment of the oiFenders, and for the purpose of assuring the natives that no one was responsible for this outrage but the perpe- trators. Stump and his accomplice were event- ually captured and lodged in jail at Carlisle. While thus con fined a dispute arose as to whether they should be tried at Philadelphia or Carlisle. During this altercation a mob arrived from Sherman's Valley, fifty miles away, and from Stump's neighborhood, and rescued him and Ironcutter from the hands of justice, giving as their excuse that the government always showed greater concern at the killing of an Indian than when the Indians killed many whites. On this account and other reasons they thought Stump and Ironcutter ought not to be punished. Tiiese culprits were never re-arrested, though increased rewards were offered for their apprehension, and it has been handed down that both died in Vir- ginia, Stump having died about 1820. PIONEERS. An account of the first settlers upon ter- ritory originally Penn's township will be found in the sketch of Selin's Grove. Christian Fisher is the reputed first white settler on the Isle of Que. Through a gift from his father, he became the sole owner of the greater part of the island, which was then nothing more than a forest. He soon constructed a log hut as his dwelling. The lower part of this island, for a distance of about three miles, has until lately remained in the possession of the descendants of the original Fisher, who are now quite numer- ous in this section of the county. The posses- sions referred to consist of three excellent farms, the upper one of which lately passed into the possession of F. J. Schoch. Martin Row was also pioneers of this section. neighborhood of what is one of the early He lived in the known as Row^s Church and was the first person buried in the ancient cemetery adjoining the church. His end was tragic. Having occasion, he went to mill quite a distance from his home. While stand- ing in the mill-door the fatal arrow, shot from the bow of a treacherous Indian, ended his career. Jacob Gemberling, with his wife, Catharine, and six children, moved here in 1782 from Tulpehocken, Lancaster County, Pa. They took possession of a tract of land one mile west of what is now Selin's Grove, and to this day the place is known as the Gemberling home- stead. This tract contained three hundred acres. When Philip, one of Jacob's sons, had grown to manhood, he bought from his father two hundred and fifty acres at sixteen dol- lars per acre, which to-day is worth one hun- dred and twenty-five dollars per acre. Jacob Gemberling died in his eighty-eighth year, and his wife, Catharine, at an age exceeding seventy. Both are buried in the old Lutheran grave-yard in Selin's Grove. Jacob Gemberling was a leading member of the German Reformed con- gregation. He was one of the building com- mittee to erect the first church in Selin's Grove. Philip Gemberling married Miss Eve Gass, afterwards Judith Fetter. Five sons and tour daughters were the issue of the first mar- riagc, while of the second the issue was six sons and five daughters. Philip Gemberling was an active member of the German Reformed congre- gation, and when the first church was built at Selin's Grove, he was the person to deliver the SNYDER COUNTY. 1499 first piece of timber on the ground to be used in the construction of the building. There hav- ing been a competition as to who could deliver the first timber, Mr. Gemberling often referred to his achievement with just pride. He died at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Geokge Ulrich, Sr. — When George Ul- rich came to this section of country some of the natives still remained. Ulrich had sufficient prudence and foresight to extend a friendly welcome whenever the Indians approached his house. This friendly relation afterwards proved of great value to Ulrich and his family. On one occasion an attack was expected from a large body of hostile Indians. Ulrich was ad- vised by some of the Indians to leave with his family. Not desiring to abandon his crops to them, he sent his family to a place of safety and remained on his farm. The enemy came, committed tlieir depredations, but did not dis- turb Ulrich in the lea.st. The Ulrich spring, near the west side of Se- lin's Grove, was frequently visited by the In- dians. An Indian path led from Middle Creek past this spring and over the hills into Buf- falo Valley. The sons of George Ulrich, Sr., were George, John, Benjamin, Jonathan, Daniel and Samuel. They have all passed away, but their progeny remain, forming many intelligent and useful families in the community. John Moyer, father of William Moyer, de- ceased, and grandfather of Henry Moyer, a leading citizen of the township, was also one of the early pioneers. The farm now occupied by his grandson, Henry, was then a den.se forest. By his sturdy stroke of the axe the mighty oak, hemlock and chestnut fell to the earth. Mr. Moyer frequently told of his exploits and among other things narrated how, when he desired to partake of wild turkey or deer, all he had to do was to take his flint-lock rifle, go up on the ridge close by, and it would not be long until he could shoot either or both. Frederick Miller came to this town.ship during the last century, and in 1788 owned the homestead farm now possessed by his great- grandson, Hon. Charles Miller, who was born there March 2, 1843. In 1766 a warrant for this property was issued by the Penns to Mar- tin Troster, of Buffalo townsliip, then iu Cum- berland County, who, on Aprils, 1778, by deed acknowledged before Benjamin Weiser, a justice of the peace, conveyed the same to Peter Host- erman, of Peun township, then in Northumber- land County. On October -5, 1788, it was con- veyed by Peter Hosterman to Frederick Miller. On August 12, 1793, in order to perfect his title, Frederick Miller obtained the warrant of the commonwealth, signed by Governor Thomas MiSlin. The title to this land next passed to his son, George Miller ; then to his grandson, George D. Miller ; and iu 1874 to his great- grandson, Charles Miller. This valuable farm is situated three miles west of Selin's Grove, on the public road to Middleburg. As the traveler leaves Pawling Station, on his way to Selin's Grove, he will behold to his left this fertile and attractive land. When first settled it was a dense forest with sturdy oak and lofty pine, but through the energy and toil of the ancestors it has become a spot of unusual attractiveness. Frederick Miller was a native of (jcrmany, born December 22, 1738, and died July 14, 1821. He was married to Eve Maria , who was born July 25, 1740, and died Septem- ber 14, 1822. George Miller, the grandfather of Charles, was born April 19, 1793, and died May 1,1836. He was married to Magdalena Deshler, a lady of English descent, born June 20, 1779, and died July 18, 1826. The par- ents of Charles Miller were George D. and Mary (Kessler) Miller, the former of whom was born December 8, 1808, and died March 2, 1884, whilst the latter was born August 1, 1813, and died September 10, 1861. All these ancestors sleep their last sleep iu the ancient grave-yard at Salem. The issue of George D. and Mary Miller were Sarah, married to David Witmer, and resides at Salem ; William K., married to Sarah A. Boyer, died November 1, 1864; Charles, the subject of this article; Matilda, married to Calvin L. Fisher, who died in the fall of 1872, resides at Salem ; Mary E., married to Theodore Row, and resides in Middle Creek township, near the old home- stead. The childhood and youthful days of Charles Miller were spent in assisting his parents on 1500 JUNLATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the farm and in attending school. He was educated in the public schools of the township and in the Classical Department of the Mission- ary Institute, at Selin's Grove. On the 1st day of June, 1862, Mr. Miller was joined in wedlock to Miss Lydia Kantz, daughter of Philip and Catharine Kantz, also of Penn township. Philip Kantz was born in Lebanon County December 10, 1793, and died Septem- ber 2.3, 1856. Catharine, the mother of Mrs. was invaded by the Confederate army, Mr. Miller offered his services for the protection of his native State, and became a member of Com- pany D, Eighteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia. With his regiment he was advanced beyond Hagerstown, Md. This was during the battle of Antietam, when many of the wounded and rebel prisoners were brought within their lines. Shortly after his return from this service he taught the public school ^z^ Charles Miller, was born in Penn township, then in Northumberland County, February 8, 1802, and died July 22, 1866. Her maiden- name was Erdly. The children of Charles and Lydia Miller are Ida, born March 21, 1863, died September 23, 1872 ; AV^illiam K., born September 27, 1864 ; George P., born January 9, 1867 ; Franklin, born June 5, 1869 ; Charles Arthur, born September 25, 1873 ; Scott Edgar, born April 12, 1876. In the fall of 1862, when the State of Pennsylvania at Salem until the spring of 1863. In 1876, Mr. Miller was favored with the nomination and election by the Rej)ublican party as mem- ber of the House of Representatives of the State. Upon the close of the term, in 1878, Mr. Miller having served his constituents in a satisfactory and acceptable manner, was honored with a re-election to the sauie seat, for the legislative session of 1878 to 1880. It was during this term that the Pittsburgh Riot Bill was introduced, and attempted to be forced, by SNYDER COUNTY. 1501 means fair and foul, upon the people of the commonwealth. By this bill it was provided that four million dollars were to be taken from tiie State Treasury, to be distributed among those who sustained damages at Pittsburgh, by reason of the riot. Fortunately and justly, this was never consummated ; and Charles Miller, approached with large and tempting induce- ments, as were others, resented the insult and preserved his fair name. Standing for his constituency, he cast his vote and influence in helping to defeat the bill. By this act of integrity, Mr. Miller so ingratiated him- self into the esteem and confidence of the people that in 1882 they willingly returned him to occupy for a third term the Representa- tive chair of Snyder County. Thus has Mr. Miller been honored by the citizens of his county with a distinction that so far has been accorded to none other since its formation. In 1876 he was the Senatorial- delegate from the district composed of the counties of Northum- berland, Snyder aud Union to the Republican State convention, and in 1884 was compli- mented with the same position. In addition to these more popular attainments, Mr. Miller has served several terms as school director in his district, audited the public accounts, and was postmaster at Salem from its establishment until his resignation, several years later, when he was succeeded by his brother-in-law, David Witmer, who, in turn, resigned in favor of his son, George Witmer, the present incumbent. For many years ]\Ir. Miller has been a consist- ent member of the Lutheran Church, having been confirmed by the Rev. C G. Erlcnmyer, on the 25th day of May, 1861, at the Salem Church. He has served as a member of the church council, has always taken an active part in promoting the welfare of the church and the cause of the Sunday-school, at all times con- tributing liberally to both. Accustomed to the industry of the husband- man throughout his life, he enjoys the comforts which are the sure reward of honest toil. Be- ing just and fair in all his dealings, he has gained the confidence and esteem of his fellow- men. Possessed of a fair education and an honest purpose, he has acceptably filled posi- tions of distinction, honor and trust. Having a kind and generous heart, he has in many instances relieved the needy and received their sincere benedictions. Such are some of the qualities that go to make up the character of the individual whose name appears at the head of this sketch, and whose life we have briefly and faithfully attempted to portray. Pawling Family. — Joseph Pawling, who also located in this immediate vicinity, was among the early settlers. Through his energy and perseverance he became possessed of consider- able land, amounting to three hundred acres. Samuel Pawling, in 1820, was possessed of one hundred acres. The greater part of this land is now owned by Lewis E. Pawling. Other large farms are owned by Dr. H. M. Nipple (lately Henry C. Eyer's), James K. Davis, Sophanes Gemberling, George Schnure, Dr. B. F. Wageuseller, Isaac Romig, George Schoch, Henry Schoch, F. J. Sehoch, a num- ber of the Fisher family, C. W. Dreese, Wil- liam B. Gemberling, John K. Hughes, Isaac Artly, William N. Fisher, Sarah M. Fisher and A. A. Conrad. The following is a list of the inhabitants of Penn's township in 1768 and 1776: 1768. — John Aumiller, Philip Aumiller, William Blythe, Jacob Carpenter, George Dromer, Adam Ewig, George Gabriel, Jacob Hammeraley, John Lee, Arthur Moody, Michael Regar, George Rine, John Reighbough, Michael Rodman, Casper Reed, Frederick Stump (taxed with one negro), Peter Straub, Adam Stephen and Andrew Shafer. Free- men.— William Gill, Edward Lee, John McCormick and Joseph Reynolds. 1776. — George Adams, Jacob Albright, Frederick Albright, Casper Arnold, Lawrence Arnold, Michael Alt, Adam Bait, Adam Bander, William Baker, Peter Berst, Jacob Bear, Tobias Bickel, John Bomberger, Peter Bower, Henry Bower, John Bright, John Brouse, Martin Brau, George Bombach, John Crean, Jacob Hassinger, Peter Hosterman, Jacob Hosterman, Joseph Jacobs, Peter Jordy, Philip Jordan, Casper Jost, Michael Kerstetter, Michal Keller, John Kebler, Andrew Kline, Jacob, George and Stophel Kline, Peter Kremer, Daniel Kremer, John Krebill (Gray- bill), Henry Kreger, George Laudenslager, Adam Seiver, John Lewis, Michael Lepley, David Leist, Leonard Lemley, Jacob Leviugood, George Lowry, Christian Long, Lawrence Maurer, Peter Maurer, Richard Manning, Peter Marklcy, Frederick Martin, Charles Mensch, Simon Menich, Michael Meiser, 1502 JUxVIATA AND SUSQUEPIAVNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. John Meiser, Thomas Meese, Henry Miser, George Miller, Dewalt Miller, Frederick Miller. Christian Miller, Henry Miller, William Moon, Michael Motz, John Motz, Andrew Moor, Michael Motz, Anthony Mall, Alexander Murray, Charles Jacobs, Alexander and Stophel Myer (Moyer), John McQueen, William McKean, Francis Newcomer, William Nees, Jacob Newman, Jacob Nefl", Patrick O'Brien, Peter Pyle, John Reed, John Eeichenbach, Caspar Reed, John Ream, Yost Riddle, Henry Eichart, Christiim Righter, Ellis Right, George, John and Martin Row, Casper Eoush, Henry Ryne, Christian Seecrist, John Scbrock, George Schrock, Peter Shaffer, Andrew Shaffer, Ludwig Shaffer, Jacob Sharrett, John Sher- rick, Andrew Shetterly, Lawrence Shallenberger, Mathias Shoch, John Smith, Nicholas Smith, Har- man Snyder, Simon Snyder, Anthony Snyder, John Snider, Abraham Snevely, Jacob Spayd, Jacob Spees, Jacob Stees, John Steel, Adam Stephen, Peter Straup, Mathias Strayer, Casper Straup, Melchor Stock, Michael Swengle, John Swartz, George Swoab, Michael Trester, Peter Truckenmiller, George Ulrich, John Wales, Samuel Wallace, Ludwig Walter, Jacob AValter, Michael Weaver, Peter Weiser, Benjamin Weiser, Peter Weirich, William Weirich, Peter Whitmer, Michael Whitmore, Andrew Wittenmyer, Ludwig Wittenmyer, George Wise, Ludwig Wood- row, Stophel Zimmerman. Single men. — Simon Bickel, Andrew Dellman, Leonard Dill, Charles Dunkle, Henry Garrett, Jacob Haverlock, Frederick Isen-, hower, Daniel Kremer, Martin Kerstetter, Andrew List, James Maxwell, Conrad Miller, John Rickert, John Stroup, Stophel Snider, Peter Stock, John Weaver and Henry Zeller. It must be borne in mind that at this period Penn's township embraced nearly all of what is now Snyder County. In 1785 we find the following among the taxables of Penn's township : John Arbogast, Jacob Dries, Simon Herrold (ferry and grist-mill), Dewalt Miller (saw-mill), John Pontius, Peter Pontius, Abel Schoolmaster, Thomas Shipton, Jacob Shirley, Duncan Sinclair, David Smith, Selin & Snyder (Anthony Selin and Simon Snyder), store, negro slave and forty acres of land ; James Speakman, Mathias Stoll, John Swine- ford, Daniel Vanhorn, Jacob Weiand and Jacob Witmer (ferry). 1793. — Additional inhahitanis : Matthias App, Daniel Aurand, Daniel Bastian, Michael and George Bastian, Jacob Blasser, Charles Burchfield, Peter Clement?, Nicholas and John Dusing, Frederick Gable, Peter Grogg, John Hager, John Hershey, George Hummell, Rev. Frederick William Jasemsky, Matthias Kern, Jacob Kendig, John Krebs, Abra- ham McKinney, David Nyhart, Henry Pflel (saw- mill on Middle Creek), Francis Rhoads, Jr., Christo- pher Shatzburger, Christopher Shawber, Jr., James Silverwood, John Snyder (tan-yard), Simon Snyder, Jr., David Solt, John N. Strasser, John Jacob, David and Philip Walter, William Weirick, Peter Witmer, Jr., John and George Wolfe, George Young, John Zering. In the preparation of this article we have been fortunate enough to have had access to an ancient township-book, now in the possession of Mr. Henry Moyer. From this book, which is now one hundred years old, we gather the following interesting facts concerning the town- ship officials : In the year 1785 the supervisors of the township were Frederick INIiller and Peter Witmer. Their account was kept in pounds, shillings and pence, as were all the other accounts up to 1808, after which time they were kept in dollars and cents. In 1792 we find Paul Bowersox and Jacob Eckard supervisors, and from their account we learn that they paid, per S. Snyder, to S. Weiser compensation for surveying a road in the town- ship. In 1793 George Binford and Abraham Witmer were supervisors. In 1795 Pliilip Mohn and Andrew Wittenmyer, and for the following year John Smith and Mathias App; in 1798, Francis Rhoads and Charles Meyer; in 1799, Adam Bolender and Adam Menges. In 1801 Adam Bolender and Philip Moyer were the supervisors, whose accounts were audited by Frederick Evans, Francis Rlioads, Jr., and Daniel Rhoads. In 1803 George Kesler and George Ott were supervisors. In 1805 tlie accounts were audited by George Weirick, Micliael Wittenmyer, George Holstein and Daniel Rhoads. In 1806 George and Henry Laudenslager were the administrators of the estate of Valentine Laudenslager, de- ceased, who had been an overseer of the poor of the township. In 1812, in the settlement of the account of Jacob Roush.and Henry Erdley, supervisors for the year 1806, we first detect the handwriting of .Joseph Feehrer, who wrote in a fine, regular and beautiful hand. From this time on, at different intervals, we find that Mr. Feehrer was called upon to assist in keep- ing the accounts. In 1807 Jacob Hummel and George Moore were supervisors; in 1809, Jacob Hummel and Peter Hilbish. In 1810 George Ott and Simon Bickle were overseers, SNYDER COUNTY. 1503 and on the 25th day of October, 1811, their accounts, stated in the liandwriting of Joseph Feehrer, were audited by John Bassler, Michael Weaver, Robert Smith and George Etzweiler. Under the date of May 22, 1813, we find that the auditors of the township were Robert Smith, Joseph Pawling, John Bassler and P. Hacken- berg, Jr. Peter Richter appears as one of the auditors in 1814. In 1815 Anthony Charles Selin, son of the founder of Selin's Grove, was one of the auditors. In 1816 the supervisors were Daniel Close and Melchior Stock ; and in 1817, Jacob Gemberling and John Hartmau. In 1818 the accounts of the supervisors for the preceding year were audited by Joseph Feehrer, P. F. Derring, Thomas Armstrong and John Baskin. In 1818 Peter Fisher and John Nagle were supervisors, and John F. Eyer, father of the late Henry E. Eyer, was one of the audi- tors. In 1819 Jacob Hummel and Daniel Close were supervisors, and in 1821 John Fisher and Jacob Hummel. In 1823 P. F. Derring, Peter Richter, John F. Eyer and Abraham Haas were auditors. In 1823 Mathias App and Isaac Robison were overseers of the poor, and in the same year Peter Sholl and George Miller supervisors, who were succeeded in the following year by Francis Rhoads and Philip Gemberling. In 1825 Jacob Gingrich and Daniel Close were supervisors; David Lloyd and John Ulrich overseers of the poor. In 1826 Charles Shafer and John Moyer were supervisors, and H. C. Eyer and George Gem- berling overseers. John Deitrich was one of the auditors in 1827, and in 1828 Daniel Rib- let appears as one of the auditors, John Moyer and Daniel Ott as supervisors, and John Baker and Christian Riblet as overseers. In 1829 John Kessler and Frederick Hummel were supervisors, David Glass and Christian Riblet overseers, and Francis A. Boyer, Jacob Rhoads, Samuel Feehrer and Philip Gemberling audi- tors. In 1830 Samiiel Pawling and George Miller were two of the auditors. It is not deemed advisable to burden these pages further with the names of officers of the township, as they are from this time within the knowledge of many yet living. SALEM. This is a small settlement of about forty in- habitants. It is situated two miles west of Selin's Grove, and contains a church, post- office, store, public school and sash-factory. The following list represents the business inter- ests of the place : George Witmer, general store and postmaster ; William Haines, sash-factory and planing-mill ; Daniel Brouse and Samuel S. Mowry, blacksmiths. At Salem there stands a large three-story brick house. In years gone by this house was the scene of bustle and activ- ity, it being used by Samuel Boyer as a tavern. Here it was that many of the teams on their way to and from Selin's Grove stopped for the night, and in the morning started out prepared to transact the business of that day. The Haines sash-factory above referred to was originally a frame structure, built in 1871, and operated by William Haines and William Snyder. During the year 1873 the building was destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt, of brick, by Haines & Snyder. In 1877 Mr. Snyder withdrew from the firm, the business having since been conducted by Mr. Haines. The railroad station in the township is Paw- ling, situated two and one-half miles west of Selin's Grove. There is a siding at this point where coal can be delivered and grain shipped. There are two post-offices in the township, Ivantz and Salem. At Kantz, a small settlement half-way be- tween Selin's Grove and Freeburg, there has existed for many years a most excellent stand for a general store. The store is now owned and conducted by Daniel S Miller, who is in partnership with Myer Millner. Mills. — Prior to the building of mills the wheat raised in this section was taken to Read- ing, there to be ground into flour. In 1 790 John Woodling erected a stone mill on Middle Creek, and one-half mile south of where is now Pawling Station on the Sunbury and Lewlstown Railroad. Tradition has it that during the erection of this mill between sixty and seventy barrels of whiskey were consumed. This mill has at different periods been known as Snyder's, Fisher's, Kantz's, Glass' and Conrad's. In 1833 another mill 1504 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. was erected in the township. This is a brick structure, was built by one Hilbish, and slands on the west side of Middle Creek, about two and one-half miles southwest of Selin's Grove. The mill of later years has been known as Yost's, and is now called Hoover's Mill, operated by Charles Hoover & Sons. Row's Church. — This place of worship is located at Salem. It is built of brick and is equal to two stories in height, though the inter- ior is all in one room, with high galleries on the east, south and west sides. On the north side is the pulpit, perched upon columns that raise it almost half-way to the ceiling. Under- neath the galleries are the pews, with their high and straio;ht backs. This church was comnienc- ed in the spring of 1813, and completed May, 1815. It has ever been a Lutheran and Ger- man Reformed Union Church. Lutheran pas- toi's, — Revs. Gearhardt, J. P. Shindel, Jr., E. A. Erlenmeyer, Boyer and Jacob Wampole. Ger- man Reformed pastors,- -Revs. Fries, Weiser, Hottenstein, Derr, Lesher and Haas. The Sunday-school connected with this church M'as instituted in 1840. At first the school was re- garded as a hostile invasion detrimental to the welfare of the church. This sentiment finally wore away and the Sunday-school was encour- aged and prospered, and to-day numbers two hundred. Its sessions are held during the summer months, though often during the winter, on special occasions, as Christmas, the school is called together to participate in at- tractive and instructive exercises. William K. Miller is at present the superintendent, and is aided in his good endeavors by the young men of the community, among whom may be men- tioned the Pawlings, Moyers and Rows. As far back as 1811 the land on which this church is built was conveyed by the State to the con- gregation, as will appear from the following correct copy of a letter written by the surveyor- general to George Miller and others : "Surveyor General's Office, Lancaster, June 12, 1811. "Gentlemen : "Your petition to the Board of Property complain- ing of a survey made by my Deputy on a Warrant granted to Melchor Stock and others, in trust for a Lutheran Congregation, has just come to hand. I had been previously informed of your complaint, and immediately wrote to Mr. Thomas Woodside, the Deputy Surveyor, directing him to call on the pres- ent Trustees of the Church, and make a survey of the Land agreeably to the former lines, and return the survey so made to this office. "There is no doubt but he will execute my Orders, which will supersede the necessity of the Board acting on your petition. Should Mr. Woodside delay the business, I advise you to call on him to re-survey the Land. " I am. Gentlemen, Your Obt. Hble. Servt., " Andrew Porter, S. G. " Messrs. George Miller, George Good, John Meyer and the other signers of the Petition." This letter was addressed on the outside to " Messrs. George Miller, George Good and John Meyer, and others. Trustees of tiie Lutheran Church in Penn Township, Northumberland County, Penna." Justices of the Peace. — The following is a list of the justices of the peace of Penu town- ship since 1854 : Jesse Yocum, April 11,1854; H. S. Boyer, April 11, 1854; Lewis R. Hummel, July 17, 1856 ; H. K. Ritter, April 27, 1857; H. S. Boyer, April 12, 1859; Daniel Deifenbach, April 15, 1862 ; John W. Gem- berling, April 15, 1862 ; John K. Hughes, April 9, 1867; John W. Gemberling, April 14, 1868; C. F. Kantz, April 9, 1872 ; John W. Gemberling, April 15, 1873 ; John K. Hughes, April 15, 1873 ; William H. Snyder, March 25, 1878 ; John K. Hughes, March 25, 1878 ; Lewis C. Pawling, March 7, 1882 ; John K. Hughes, April 6, 1883. CHAPTER IX. BEAVER TOWNSHIP. Prior to 1787 the only township existing on the territory of what is now Snyder County was Penn's. In the beginning of that year an effort was inaugurated for the erection of a new township, and at the May sessions, 1787, of the Northumberland County Court, the following report was presented by the viewers appointed for the purpose : " We, the subscribers, inhabitants of Penn township, have been chosen by said township to divide the same in two separate townships, agreeably to an order of court directed to us, and we have thought proper to divide the same in the following courses; that is, — to begin on the Cumberland line, on the top SNYDER COUNTY. 1505 of Shade Mountain, and to continue thereon, until it meets with the head of John Smith's run in ye gap of said mountain; thence down the said run to Middle Creek to the mouth of Jacob Walter's run ; thence up the same to long ridge ; thence over the same a due north course to the foot of Jack's Mountain ; thence along the foot of the same to Penn's Creek, and wish that the upper be called Beaver township. " Given under our hands the 4th day of April, 1787. " Signed, " p. hortsman. "Michael Weaver. " Jacob Sharrtz. " Andrew Moore. " Jonathan Seiger. " Jacob Lepley. " Directed to the worshipful, the Justice of the Peace, sitting at Sunbury." This report was read in open court, and, " on mature deliberation," the court confirmed the same, and ordered that the district "so divided off be henceforth called Beaver Dam Town- ship." The name Beaver Dam was continued in the court records until about 1800, when the Dam was dropped, and thereafter mentioned as Beaver township. This formation embraced what is now Beaver, West Beaver, Adams, Spring, part of Franklin and Centre townships. In the year 1 789 the inhabitants of the newly- formed township were, according to an assess- ment made by Daniel Hassinger, as follows : Jacob Albright, Peter Aupel (Apple), Frederick Beak, Jacob Beard, George Bell, Conrad Bopp (Bobb), Anthony Boutch (distillery), Philip Breiner, Conrad Breisenger, Hugh Carrel, Frederick Carrel, James Christy, James Clark, Frederick Ueininger, Francis Deward, Frantz Dido, Michael Diese, John Dries, Barnard Everhart, Adam Gift, Moses Gooden, Henry Gothers, Jacob Grim, Mathew Hall, John Hartz, Jacob Hassinger, Daniel Hassinger (saw-mill), Fred- erick Hassinger, David Herbster, Jacob Houser, Joseph Yost Kern, George Kline, Christopher Kline, Stophel Kline, Jacob Kricks, Henry Krose (Gross), Daniel Krose, John Laber, Jacob Lepley, Thomas Lewis, Nathan Manning, Jacob Mattox, Michael Maurer, Andrew Meek, John Meyer (Moyer), John Meyer (weaver), Jacob Michael, George Mook, Nathaniel Moon, Francis Moriarty, John Mumma, Henry Nerhood, Peter Newcomer, Nicholas Nyer (grist mill), Edward and Asa Oatley, Benj. Philips, Jacob Poe, Adam Reger, Ellas Reger, Adam Reigel- derfer, Jacob Roush, Stephen Royer, Bastian Royer, Jacob Sharred, John Smyther, Peter Snyder, George Stock, Andrew Straub (grist-mill and two distilleries), Mathias Strayer, Jacob Straub, Mathias Stull, Wil- liam Stump (distillery), John Thomas, George Thomas, Paul Treminer, Daniel Vanhorn, Jacob Walter, Casper Wannemacher, John Watts, Stophel Weiss (grist-mill), Jacob Wiant, John Woods, Mat- thew Young. The following single men were also on the list, being taxed ten shillings each : Joseph Collins, Anthony Gift, John Gross, John Hassinger, Henry Hassinger, Stephen and Enos Lewis, Elisha and Nathan Manning, Benjamin Phillips, George Sherrard aud Mathias Strayer. In 1794 the following persons were additional settlers : Henry and George Aurand, James Cummings, Thomas Ewing, John Ewing, William Gill, Jacob Hendricks (mill), Samuel Harman, Adam Hileman (mill), Joseph Romich, Thomas Shipton, John Shultz, John Troxell and Moore Wilson. In 1799 the following were additional set- tlers : Daniel Aurand, Jacob Barlet, Conrad Blompon (mill), John Cummings, Jacob and Abraham Fry, Henry Gilnian, Samuel Grosscope, Daniel Heil, John Howell (fulling-mill), William Lehr, Richard Man- ning, John Middleswarth, John Miller, Jacob Peters, Adam Reigeldorf, Joseph Romig, (mills), Jacob and John Rote, Adam Smith, Adam Steele, Dewalt Stern- inger, John Wise (miller), Jacob Zerns (paper-mill). Single M n. — Henry Hoyn (in a store with Henry Aurand), Adam Kern, Peter Kern, Zacharias Mus- sina and John Weber. Many of our present readers will at once rec- ognize in the foregoing list their own family names, showing that at the date stated their ancestors were already in this section. The experience of one of the early settlers will convey some idea of the condition of aifairs in this part of the country. Christopher Kline, mentioned in the preceding list, emigrated from Berks County to the Middle Creek Valley. He owned and occupied the farm now owned by Mrs. Philip Harpster. When he first settled here, Indians were still roving around through the country, though peacefully disposed. The country was very wild and game plenty. It was a common occurrence to behold three or four deer grazing with the domestic cattle in the woods. So tame had they become that they could be approached to within a short distance. It is narrated that, not far from Mr. Kline's 1506 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. house, the skeleton of au Indian was found, and near it the skeleton of a deer. It was sup- posed that the Indian, having shot the deer, approached him, and in the death-struggle he also was fatally wounded. At an early date, in addition to the clearing of the forests and the tilling of the soil, many other industries were established. In 1789, Stophel Weis was the owner of a grist and saw- mill, and in the same year sold the same to Christian Royer, in whose family the mills re- mained until 1825, when the property was pur- chased by one Panebacker for his son-in-law, Reuben Grim. In 1850 the property passed into the possession of Jacob Grim, the present owner. Shortly after the purchase by Panebacker the mill was rebuilt, which at this day is in good running order. In 1791, Conrad Bopp erected a hemp-mill, near Beavertown ; Jacob Has- anger, a tan-yard, near what is now Adams- iiurg ; Henry Meyer, a grist and saw-mill ; Tacob Meyer, a tan-yard ; Jacob Sherrard, a I'ist and saw-mill ; John Weis, a grist and saw- mill. From the assessment list we learn of the following additional industries : Ludwig Friedly built a grist and saw-mill about 1809. This mill passed from Ludwig to Jacob Friedly, and was owned by the family until 1823, when it became the property of Jacob Moyer, and in 1835 passed into the possession of his son Michael. Joseph Moyer is the present owner. Daniel Hassinger, who for some years was con- ducting a saw-mill, erected a grist-mill, which he owned until 1820, when it passed into the possession of his son Daniel, who retained it until 1850. This property now belongs to Aaron Hassinger, a grandson of the original owner. Peter Kline built a grist and saw-mill about 1810, and owned it until 1828, when it was sold to John Dupps. Dupps owned it until 1830, when he died, and it remained the property of his heirs until 1835, when it was sold to Henry Ranch, who, in turn, sold it to Joseph Haines about 1850. This property was again purchased by Henry Ranch under the hammer, and was lastly sold by him to Andrew Ulsh, the present owner. The property was rebuilt by Henry Dubbs, also by Henry Rauch, and also by the present owner, Mr. Ulsh. George Mirck owned a grist and saw-mill from 1814 to 1841. They were located near where Peter Reigel now resides, now in Spring town- ship, but then in Beaver. Joseph Romig owned a grist and saw-mill, located above Adamsburg, near the flag-station Raub's Mills, on the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad. This mill property was assessed to Joseph Romig from 1814 to 1841, when it became the property of John Romig, Sr. In 1850 the grist-mill ceased to run. The saw-mill property passed then to Solomon Romig, who sold to Raub & McWilliams, from Northumberland County, who, in turn, sold to Dr. W. F. Vandersloot, E. S. Lewis & Brother, the present owners. Adam Fisher also owned a grist and saw-mill in 1814. This mill stood on Gross Run, between Adams- burg and Beavertown, a little south of the public road. In 1818, Lawrence Haines was the owner, followed in 1823 by Jacob Long, then in 1829 by Daniel Benfer, who in 1838 sold the same to Hon. Ner Middleswarth, who was succeeded in the ownership by Moses Specht, under whose ownership it was destroyed by fire. The saw-mill is still in operation. George Rauchler was assessed also in 1814 with a grist and saw-mill, which he owned until 1835. From 1820 to 1822 the late Dr. Joseph R. Lotz was the miller, and attended the mill. (Dr. Lotz rose to be one of the leading physicians of Central Pennsylvania, and lived for many years at New Berlin, Union County. He died Januaryl 8,1875, aged seventy -six years.) In 1842 this mill became the property of Jacob Greenhoe, and was owned by him until 1856, when it was owned by Samuel Greenhoe until 1866. This property was then purchased by Dr. Isaac Rothrock, then by William Swenk, then by the heirs of Dr. Isaac Rothrock and lastly by Paul Benfer, who is the present owner. In 1814, Adam Kern owned a saw- mill, which he sold to his son Daniel in 1838, who subsequently sold it to George Kern the present owner. John Lechncr operated a full- ing-mill from 1814 to 1826; Dewalt Steininger, a saw-mill f'rona 1814 to 1841, which passed to his son David, who sold to his son-in-law, — Swartz, the present owner ; Jacob Kuuz, a saw- SNYDER COUNTY. 1507 mill from 1814 to 1835 ; Abraham Keller, a paper-mill from 1814 to 1847; Henry Kern, a saw-mill from 1814 to 1850, when it became the property of his son Henry, the present owner ; Christian Mowrer, a grist and saw-mill in 1817. In 1823, John Dreese owned a grist and saw-mill on Middle Creek, three miles below Beavertown. In the same year George Margaretz owned a grist and saw-inill in Beaver township, now West Beaver. In 1832 his widow came into possession, and in 1841 was owned by Herman, a son of the original owner. It subsequently became the property of William Smith, then Franklin Roush and is now owned by Fisher. An oil-mill was operated by Abram Keller from 1817 to 1844 ; a saw- mill by Henry Bickel, from 1823 to 1847 ; a saw-mill in 1817, by Widow Dreese. A saw- mill, located just above Beavertown, was operated by John Gross from 1823 to 1829 ; a paper-mill by Jacob Keller, from 1823 to 1838 ; a saw-mill by Jacob Kern, from 1823 to 1838 ; a saw-mill by Jacob ^loyer, in 1823 ; a saw-mill by George Miller, from 1823 to 1829 ; a saw-mill by John Price, Jr., from 1823 to 1826; an oil-mill by John Dreese, from 1826 to 1835; a saw-mill by George Dreese, Jr., in 1826 ; a fulling-mill by John Lechner, in 1826 ; a saw-mill by Samuel Aurand, in 1829 ; a saw-mill by Christian Price, from 1829 to 1838; a saw-mill by Grim & Smith, in 1832 ; a fulling-mill by Frederick Hautz, from 1832 to 1838 ; a saw-mill by Jacob Hawk, in 1832 ; an oil and clover-mill by Jacob Keller, in 1832 ; a paper-mill by Isaac Keller, in 1832; a paper-mill by John Mowrer, in 1832; a fulling-mill by John Saylor, from 1832 to 1835 ; saw-mills by Henry Shirey and Jacob Wagner, in 1832 ; a saw-mill by George Dreese, from 1835 to 1838 ; a saw-mill by Daniel Grimm, from 1835 to 1838; clover and saw- mills by Philip Mitchel, from 1835 to 1841 ; a grist and saw-mill by Joseph Hassinger, from 1838 to the present time; a fulling-mill by Abraham Kaly, from 1838 to 1841 ; a saw-mill by John Mover, from 1838 to 1841 ; a grist and saw-mill by John Troxel, in 1838 ; a saw-mill by Adam Kern, in 1841 ; a fulling-mill by Lechner & Peipher, in 1841 ; grist, clo%'er and two saw-mills by Ner Middleswarth, from 1841 to 1850; a saw-mill by Philip Manbeck, in 1841 ; a saw-mill by A. P. & J. Roraig, also by John Stump, also by John Ulsh, in 1841 ; a paper-mill by Jacob Breckbill, from 1841 to 1850 ; a saw-mill by Erb & Moyer, from 1844 to 1847; an oil-mill by Reuben Keller, from 1844 to 1847. Samuel Moyer operated a clover-mill from 1844 to 1850, and a saw-mill from 1847 to 1850; a clover-mill by Simon Oldt, from 1844 to 1847; Daniel Kern, a saw- mill, from 1844 to 1850 ; George Kern, Daniel Swartz and James S. Smith each a saw-mill to 1850; John Erb, Haal & Fees and Jesse Hendricks, saw-mills, in 1844. In 1814 the following persons had distil- leries : Michael Bohr, Jacob Fees, Ludwig Freidley, Christian Huffnagle, Christian Mow- rer, Ner Middleswarth (two) and Henry Shirey. The following doctors resided in Beaver town- ship from 1826 to 1829 : Augustus Ehrenfeld and John Roney. In 1835 William Rushon and Thomas Youngman M'ere justices of the peace. In 1856 the constables were Samuel Aurand and Henry Manbeck. At this period John Gross, Sr., operated a foundry, which con- tinued uniil about 1875. Samuel Greenhoe had a distillery, Jacob Shrader a saw-mill, Moses Specht a foundry and general store, Joseph Long and John Metzel justices of the peace, Isaac and Roswell Rothrock physicians. About 1830 Lewis Jacobs kept store where Ulsh's mill now stands. At this period Samuel Weaver placed coaches on the mail-routes, the mails being previously carried by post-riders. The persons assessed in this township as farmers are as follows, and embrace a period from 1814 to 1835 : Henry Aurand, John Aurand, Jacob Aigler, Si- mon Aigler, Jacob Bordner, Jacob Bobb, Peter Bobb, George Becker, Frederick Bingaman, Conrad Bobb, John Drees, Peter Drees, John Troxel, Valen- tine Dien, George Drees, John Detweiler, Frederick Deininger, Jacob Drees, Henry Devvald, Peter Fees, John Fige, David Fisher, Henry Gross, John Hieter, Joseph Hoefly, John Hertzel, Samuel Hoch, John Gross, John Kern, Valentine Grimm, Mathias Young, Jacob Klass, Peter Kern, Henry Kuepp, Sr., Martin Kerstetter, Adam Kern, Peter Kline, Jacob Lohmiller, John Livergood, Michael Lauter, John Lepley, John Lechner, George Mick, John Moyer, John Middleswarth, Herman Oberdorf, Peter Ben- 1508 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. fert, Solomon Eomig, John Ritter, Henry Ritter, Zeder Snyder, Dewalt Steininger, John Smith, Adam Smith, Timothy Schuh, John Troster, Christopher Eoyer, StofBe Reier, John Romich, Jessie Romich, George Raush, Adam Rager, Henry Rarick, Adam Riegle, Andrew Ulsh, John Weise, Philip Wagner, Henry Swartz, Michael Moyer, John Mick, John Cummings, Seur Fige, Abraham Grove, Henry Glick, John Gehrhard, Michael Gehrhard, George Guth, Jacob Herbster, Christian Hufnagle, Simon Kerstetter, John J. Klein, Michael Klein, Christopher Klein, Jacob Krick, Jr., Henry Kern, Samuel Knepp, John Muck, Jr., John Mouser, Leonard Manbeck, Ner Middleswarth, Jacob Moyer, Sr., Jacob Muck, Nicholas S. Moyer, Leonard Peter, John Snook, Peter Snook, Henry Swartz, Anthony Swartz, Henry Ship- ton, Peter Snook. Blacksmiths. — 1814, George Albright, Samuel Aurand, John Driess, Jacob Drees, Henry Fetterolf, Henry Glick, Jacob Krick, Andrew Shawver ; 1817, Henry Auker, Christine Blatt, John Fox, Frederick Fetterolf; 1826, Andrew Fetterolf, Jonas Guth, Jacob Krick, Jr., Michael Lepley, Henry Roush, John Shipton ; 1835, Jacob Lepley. Tailoes. — 1814, Yost Althouse, John Bony ; 1817, John Hammel, John Nelson, Sr., Peter Wagner ; 1826, Jesse Anderson, Christian Kissinger, George Peters, Henry Shadle; 1835, William Saltzman. Weavers. — 1814, Stoffle Aikerman, Henry Breih- inger, Frederick Breininger, Philip Baker, Simon Fike, Samuel Glick, George Good, Jacob Hauser, Adam Heiter, Henry Kern, John Lehr, Leonard Manbeck, Jacob Nerhood, John Swartz, John Moyer, Jr. ; 1817, Edmund Berryman, John Diemer, John Folk, Adam Guth, Joseph Layer, Peter Layer, George Stock ; 1826, Jacob Smith, Frederick Shreffler, Samuel Shreffler, Henry Shirey. Carpenters. — 1814, Adam Bear, Frederick Brein- er, Jonathan Brouse, George Diebler, David Herbster, Thomas Youngman, George Miller, George Riegle, Henry Thomas, John Wagner, Jacob Hummel, John Howell; 1826, Michael Baker, George Baker, Daniel Hassinger, Jacob Herbster, Jr., Peter Kline, Jr., Fred- erick Overmyer, John Peter, Anthony Schrader, Daniel Swartz, John Wix, John Hall, Benjamin Etzler. Saddler.— 1814, Henry Bickel. Hatters. — 1814, Philip Berger, Bernard Eberhart, Jr.; 1826, Samuel Joseph. Shoemakers. — 1817, Christian Boney, John Erb, John Falch, David Fry, John Herbster, Jacob Kune, Wm. Lehr, Christian Lepley, Peter Lowder, Engle Shredcr, Adam Winter ; 1826, George Falentine, Peter Reninger, Philip Swonger, George Welter. Masons. — 1826, George Aumiller, Jacob Bilger, George Wagner, Sr. Coopers. — 1826, Jacob Bordner, David Everhard, Jacob Houser, Charles Krebs, John Lehr, Jr., John Swopger, Justices of the peace. — 1835, Wm. Rushon, Thomas Youngman. Constable. — Samuel Aurand, Jr. BEAVERTOWN. This thriving and attractive village, formerly called Swifttown, was laid out by Jacob Lechner, in the year 1810. It was on land which in 1760 was patented to John Swift, who at a later date conveyed the same to Jacob Lechner. Lechner employed Frederick Evans to survey the town plot, and in honor of the original owner of the laud, called the place Swifttown. At the time of making the survey, there were several log-houses standing at the place. The first house built in accordance with the town plot was by John Rush, on the northeast corner of Market and Sassafras streets, the lot being numbered 59. In 1812, J. C. Weiser started a store and hotel in the place, and continued the business until 1823, when another hotel was opened by Charles Wireman. In August, 1813, John Cummings was appointed justice of the peace, and so continued until 1823. In 1831 he was elected sheriff of Union County, and in 1834 was succeeded by his son John (commonly known as Jack Cummings). John Cummings, Jr., was a prominent Democratic politician, who in 1871 was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the district composed of the counties of Lycoming, Snyder and Union. In 1817, a man by the name of Blue Moyer taught school in an old building for many years called " the spook house," from the fact that many persons believed it to be haunted. This house was destroyed by fire in 1866, being then owned by John S. Smith. It was said to be the oldest house in the village. The following list of tlie inhabitants of Beavertown at the early period of 1817, will doubtless prove interesting : Jacob Hummel, joiner ; John Cummings, farmer, etc. ; John Howell, carpenter; Daniel Lehr, weaver; John "Wagner, Michael Bohr, Ner Middleswarth, John Gross, John Swartz, wheelwright; Fred- erick Weis, Simon Aigler, Philip Hassinger, John Stiess, Stoffle Weiss, Jacob Lepley, Jacob Aigler, John Drees, blacksmith, John Baldy, Jacob B. Diemer, Adam Fisher (1823), Fred. Hager, Henry Kern, blacksmith. Christian SNYDEK COUNTY. 1509 Lepley, Joseph Layer, Henry Rarich, Christian Royer, Henry Rusher, Christopher Royer, Ja- cob Swineford, Benj. Etzler, laborer 1823, Adam Speclit, potter ; John Spotts, John Stees, Robert Willet, Adam Lowder, carpenter; John Bruner, laborer ; James Curamings, Sr., laborer; John Grum, George Peters and Henry Shadle, tailors; Adam Specht, laborer; Simon Snyder, tanner ; Wm. Overmycr, blacksmith. In 1826 Daniel Beckly kept hotel in the place, and Isaac Smith was the merchant. In 1834, John Benfer kept a store. In 1835, John Highley was postmaster ; John Roush, the school teacher ; George Hartz and Wm. Weirick, the tailors ; John Shipton and Jacob Lepley, the black- smiths ; Andrew Hendricks and Henry Dreese, the tanners ; Jacob Abraham, Henry Boyer, John Bickel and Henry Smith, the storekeep- ers, and Solomon Engle and Charles Wireraan were the justices of the peace. On the 7th of August, 1840, Simon Frank took charge of the old hotel stand, the " Black Horse Hotel ;" he also conducted a store. David Hubler and David Swenk also were merchants about this time. There was also a foundry conducted by Moses Specht & Co. In 1850 Alexander Romig was the school- teacher, Michael Eckhart the postmaster and inn- keeper, John M. Hacher and Isaac Ulsh inn-keepers. In 1856 Daniel Bingaman kept store in the place. Beavertown is situated about one mile north of Shade Mountain, on the line of the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad. It has a population of about three hundred and twenty-fi%'e. Since the railroad has been in op- eration Beavertown has been making steady improvements. The place is still unincorporated and is part of the township. The railroad com- pany has erected an attractive and comfortable depot at the place, manufactories have enlarged and multiplied, business increased generally, and modern houses are superseding those of former years. The present postmaster is Moses Specht, who has held this position acceptably to the people for the last twenty-five years. The " Post-Office" sign on his building is the origi- nal one put up when the office was first estab- lished in the village. So long has this ancient landmark been exposed to the elements that to- day its letters stand in relief, the original surface of the sign having been worn away about one- fourth of an inch. In 1871 the Isabella Tan- nery was erected by Samuel F. Liipper, Esq. It is a large establishment, and stands to the south of the railroad station. It is operated by steam, and is estimated as being worth thirty thou- sand dollars. In 1881 this property passed into the hands of Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, who are the present owners. Large quantities of iron ore from the mines close by are shipped from this point, also lumber and prop-timber. Ad- ams' Express Company have an office here, Moses Specht being the agent. The Beavertown Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company. — This enterprise was estab- lished in the place on the 14th of November, 1879. The company does not assume any risks outside of the county. The following statements and figures will convey some idea as to the extent of its business : Amount of Insurance in force December 31,1885 $1,621,102.00 Amount of Premium Notes subject to As- sessment, December 31, 1885 104,616.22 Amount of Insurance effected during the year 1885 549,522.00 Amount of losses paid since organization of Company to date 1,481.40 Number of Policies issued during the year 1885 458 The following persons constitute the present officers and board of directors : President, S. A. Wetzel ; secretary, A. H. Bowersox ; treasurer, J. G. Snyder. Directors, S. A. Wetzel, S. A. Helfrich, William H. Dreese, Daniel Kern, Phares Gemberling, John S. Smith, Henry Kern, A. M. Smith, Peter Rigel and John Hep- ner. In 1860 George Stettler and Henry Kern started a foundry at this place, and carried on the business until about 1868, when Kern re- tired, and the business has since been conducted by George Stettler. A. J. Middleswarth, who lives in the town, is a son of the Hon. Ner Middleswarth, and was an associate justice of the county from 1865 to 1870. He was major of militia seven years, lieutenant-colonel four years and brigadier-gen- eral a number of years. He is also an elder in the Lutheran Church. 1510 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Samuel Wetzel is a native of Beaver town- ship, and resided in the town many years. He was a justice of the peace, and is now an associ- ate justice of the county and president of the Beavertown Mutual Fire Insurance Company. John P. Kearns established a coach manufac- tory in the town several years ago, which has grown to an extensive business and gives em- ployment to many. J. P. Shirk is the proprietor of a hardware store, and has established a large trade in the town and surrounding country. Beavertown Lodge, No. 623, I. O. of O. F. of Pennsylvania. Instituted February 22, 1868, by D. D. G. M. Jackson W. Gaug- ler. The following were the first officers : T. G., Charles C. Fees ; N. G., John Y. Shin- del ; V. G., Peter Rigle; secretary, I. I. Man- beck ; A. S., J. J. Mattern ; T., Moses Specht. Charter members, J. D. Conrad, A. M. Snyder, F. M. Montelius, John Y. Shindel, Charles C. Fees, Moses Specht, Henry S. Freed, Peter Ri- gle, Joseph S. Ulsh, Moses Krebs, I. I. Man- beck, J. J. Mattern, Edward A. Smith, Frank- lin Koch and Abraham Wagner. The lodge has a membership of thirty-five. Churches. — There are at the present time four congregations in the place, — Evangelical Lutheran, of the General Synod ; Lutheran, of the General Council ; Reformed, and the Evan- gelical Association. Of the Lutheran and Reformed congrega- tions, the following facts have been communi- cated by the Rev. J. P. Shindel, of Middle- burg : The Beavertown congregation was formed, principally of the western part of the Adams- burg congregation, and was organized in 1851 as a Union Church, for the use of the Lutheran and Reformed denominations. The material of the building was of logs, framed and weather- boarded, and painted white. The corner-stone was laid on the 27th of April, 1851, in the presence of a large concourse of people. The ministers present on tills occasion were Revs. Derr and Hackman, of the Reformed Church, and Revs. J. G. Anspach and J. P. Shindel, of the Lutheran. By the 11th of Oc- tober following the house was finished and ready for dedication, which took place that day. The ministers present at the dedication were, Revs. R. Duenger and A. B. Casper of the Re- formed, and Revs. J. G. Anspach and J. P. Shindel of the Lutheran. On the 4th of Janu- ary, 1852, Rev. Shindel took charge of the con- gregation as Lutheran minister, and Rev. Hack- man, as Reformed minister. The services of both pastors were well attended. Peace and harmony was found among them, and rendered it very pleasant for the ministers to serve. Rev. Shindel continued to serve this congregation until January 24, 1869, when he delivered his valedictory to a large congregation, and regretted very much that his health would not permit him to continue his services among them. During his ministry among the people, he admitted by confimation, one hundred and ten young per- sons. In his own words Rev. Shindel says : " Although we enjoyed our relationship very much, as minister and church members, we were frequently called upon to mourn the loss of many church members, and to pay the last tribute of respect to them. On the 2 1st of No- vember, 1852, we were called upon to bury one who was especially warmly engaged in the or- ganization of the congregation, viz., Solomon Engel, aged fifty-three years, nine months and seven days. Many others were followed to the grave, who now sleep in that Beavertown cemetery ; such as Jacob Beaver, Simon and Jacob Aigler, John Hassinger, Levi Fisher and many others. On the 4th of June, 1865, we carried to the grave, the remains of the Hon. Ner Middleswarth, aged eighty-two years, four months and twenty days. His last words spoken to me, whilst on a visit to him during his sickness were, ' Thank God that I have lived to see the Rebellion crushed, and that we have a government. I am willing to die now.' This was the last time I saw him. He was a contributing member of the Beavertown congre- gation. Many of his family belonged to that church. Rev. J. P. Shindel was succeeded by the Rev. John Kempfer, who came as a supply in the summer of 1871. Rev. Kempfer was suc- ceeded by tiie Rev. S. P. Orwig, who supplied the congregation from January to April, 1872, when ho was regularly elected pastor. This SNYDEK COUNTY. 1511 congregation was then connected witli the Mid- dleburg and Hassinger's congregations, and to- gether these three constituted the Middleburg charge. Rev. Orwig served the congregations until October 1, 1873. After his resignation a faction of the congre- gation organized themselves into wliat they cidled an old school Lutheran congregation, and extended a call to the Rev. Stetler, of the Min- isterium of Pennsylvania, who accepted and is still serving them (1885). The old congrega- tion at the same time called Rev. G. Roth, April 18, 1875. Each congregation claimed the right to the church, which resulted in litiga- tion for some years. But the decision was given in favor of the last-named congregation. Rev. Roth served them one year and then re- signed. His successor was the Rev. Kendall, serving them one year. Rev. Irwine became their pastor in the spring of 1877 and resigned May 1, 1881. Rev. Brodfuehrer served as a supply about six months. Rev. Spangler became their pastor July 16, A. D. 1882, and resigned December 2, 1883. Rev. S. P. Orw'ig, the present pastor, received and accepted a call and became their pastor April 1, 1884. The present number of com- municants is about one hundred. The Lutheran Congregation sold their intei- est to the Reformed and erected a neat frame building with a lecture room on the first floor and an audience chamber on the second floor. The Lutheran Church was dedicated on the 23d of May, 1880. The ministers present on this occasion were Rev. Riemensnyder, of Lewistown; Rev. Belliner, of Selin's Grove; Wieand, of Adamsburg; J. P. Shindel, of Mid- dleburg; Rev. Honeycutt; and Rev. I. Irvine, pastor. The General Council Lutherans still worship with the Reformed in the old church. The Reformed Church of Beavertown is DOW under charge of the Rev. W. M. Landis. An account of the pa.stors who have served the congregation will be found in the sketch of Christ Reformed Congregation, of Adamsburg. The Evangelical Church. — This place of worship was erected by the United Brethren in Christ denomination about 1865. It was purchased by the Evangelical Association in 1872: The building and lot are worth about six hundred dollars. The following pastors have been in charge : S. E. Davis, S. Yearick, A. Krause, J. M. Price, N. Young, W^ H. Stover and S. Smith. Schools. — Old Beaver township embraced what is now Beaver, West Beaver, Adams and Spring townships, and within its limits were school-houses as follows : There was a school-house near Jacob Houser's in Beaver township, in 1818, on the road lead- ing from Albright's to Hassinger's Mill. Drees' school-house, in Beaver township, was erected in 1840 on road leading from Middleburg to Hassinger's Mill. About the year 1820 Henry Hendricks taught school in a log house where Jerry Herb- ster now lives, about two and a half miles north of Adamsburg. He lived near Jack's Moun- tain and was in the habit of carrying a bottle of whisky. Jacob Mook taught an English and German school at this place about 1823. Mook moved to the West. Henry Cook, a German, taught in the log school-house near Troxelville about sixty yeare ago. He taught an English and German school and was noted for his profanity and the severity he practiced in whipping his pupils. David Overmeyer taught a German and English school in a log school-house, near An- drew Ulsh, now Spring township, about sixty years ago. Henry Young taught in Adamsburg in a double house used for dwelling and school pur- poses. ■ He was the organist of the Lutheran and Reformed Congregation at Adamsburg, and taught many years. Henry Smitii, now an aged and respectable citizen of Adamsburg, attended these schools from sixteen to thirty days each year, which was about the average time of attendance of each pupil. J. C. Weiser was one of the first teachers in Beavertown. Taught about the year 1820 ; taught German and English. John Long, Cur- tis C. Capirs, John M. Bouch, Daniel Gross, Samuel Scholl were among the early teachers. When .J. C. Weiser taught school at Beavertown he kept a tavern opposite where Moses Specht 1512 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. now lives. He flogged his pupils unmercifully. John Long was a good and merciful teacher. Joel Klinger, aged eighty-three years, now living between Adamsburg and Troxelville, taught school mauy years prior to the adoption of the free school system. Beaver township has at present ten school districts with an attendance of three hundred and seven pupils. The school property is val- ued at ten thousand five hundred dollars. Four of the schools in this township are now embraced in the new township " Spring." The new school-iiouse, with four rooms, in Adams- burg, is now embraced in "Spring" township. Beavertown has a first-class school-house with four rooms. Beaver township adopted the free school sys- tem in 1849 and was the last in the county that accepted the system. This territory now has some of the best school-houses in the county. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. MOSES SPECHT. The subject of this sketch was born in Beavertown, Snyder County, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1818, where he has resided up to this time. He is a son of Adam Specht, who was a corporal of Captain Henry Miller's company, attached to the regiment commanded by Lieu- tenant-Colonel George Weirick, at Marcus Hook, November 10, 1814. Adam Specht came to New Berlin in 1791, when he was seven years old. In later years he married Catharine Smitli, a daughter of Peter Smith. When he moved to Beavertown it was a village that con- tained only a few houses. At this place he carried on tlie pottery business many years. He died November 6, 1872, aged eighty-eight years. His wife died April 20, 1870, aged eighty-two years. They are interred together in the Bea- vertown Cemetery. In the year 1839, when he had just arrived at the age of twenty-one years, he was elected con- stable of Old Beaver township, which then em- braced the territory of what is now Beaver, West Beaver, Adams and Spring townships. In 1845 he was elected justice of the peace for Beaver township, succeeded Solomon Engle, but resigned before the expiration of his term. He has also served as school director for many years at different periods, and has been one of the auditors of Beaver township for a period of forty years. In the year 1861 Frederick Bause, the sheriff of Snyder County, died, when Mr. Specht was appointed by the Governor of Penn- sylvania to fill the unexpired term. In the fall of 1862 the people of Snyder County elected him to the office of sheriff. He served the full term witii great acceptance to the people. He used every means at his command to save those against whom he had executions. All his offi- cial acts were characterized by promptness and correct official duty, but they were " tempered with mercy " to the needy. He was appointed postmaster at Beavertown, in the year 1840, which position he has held under all the ad- ministrations, with one exception, to this date — a period of forty -two years. He also served a full term as county auditor of Snyder County. At the annual settlements he scrutinized every item, and suffered nothing to pass unless strict- ly in accordance with justice to all concerned. These evidences of confidence by the people among whom he was born and reared are the strongest commentary that could be written of his worth as a citizen. In his youthful days he learned the gunsmith- ing trade, and was engaged in the business of his trade for a number of years. He attended the subscription school of his native town three terms, of three months each, where he learned reading, writing and the rudiments of arithmetic. The schools of his youthful days were taught by poorly-qualified teachers, and he is " a self- made man," so far as his education is concerned. By application and experience he became a good accountant and acquired a business education. In the year 1845 he erected the building he now occupies, to which he has added improvements, as the demands of his business required, and has here kept a public-house up to this time. It has acquired a wide reputation for the excel- lent manner in which it is conducted. In 1847 he commenced the mercantile business, in which SNYDEE COUNTY. 1513 he has been engaged up to this time, having one of the largest store-rooms in the county. He was instrumental in having the steam tan- nery lociited in Bcavortown, which is an enter- prise that gives employment to a number of men, and at which about two thousand tons of bark are annually consumed. It is the leading- business of the town. He was one of tiic princijial jjrojectors of of the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, and mer are located, and devoted an entire summer to the completion of this enterprise without compensation. In the year 1879 he graded two miles of the changed line of this road, doing the hardest work on the line at a cost of eleven thousand dollars. He carted into one fill fifty-eight thousand loads of dirt. He was the contractor and built the Lutheran and Re- formed Church at Beavertown, in the year 1850, which was the first church erected in the place. served as a director of the company until it was in running order. He secured subscriptions from citizens of the locality where the road is located to the amount of thirty thousand dollars ; collected and paid the whole amount to the cor- poration. He secured the gratuitous right of way for eighteen miles of the road, and free and unencumbered deeds and titles for the lands where the stations at McClure, Adamsburg, Beavertown, Paxtonville, Middleburgand Kre- He also contracted for and built the commodi- ous brick school-house, with four rooms, in Beavertown, in the year 1880, and suggested a number of improvements, which were adojjtod after the plan had been made by the directors. Mr. Specht has three children, all living in Beavertown, — Arthur, Louisa and Horace. Ar- thur carries on the foundry business, in -which his father had also been engaged for many years. Horace has a notion-store. 1514 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. He has lived to see the small village grow into a business town on the railroad in which he is so much interested. He can look with pleasure on the buildings he has erected in his native town, and the places of business his ener- gy and enterprise have brought into existence. He is in the vigor of manhood, and is a living exemplification of the proverb — "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with all thy might," and " he that driveth with a slack hand becometh poor, but the hand of the diligent maketh rich." CHAPTER X. WEST BEAVER TOWNSHIP. The first efl^brt to divide Beaver township was in February, 1839, when a petition was presented to the court, and viewers were ap- pointed as follows : Samuel Barber, Robert G. H. Hays and George Kremer. These viewers made a report at September term, 1839, setting forth, " That on the 20th day of August last, they fixed a division line and suggested that the new township be called Lewis township." This report was not confirmed. Another petition was presented for the same purpose at the Jan- uary term, 1843, and Mr. M. H. Weaver, Tiiomas Bower and James K. Davis were ap- pointed commissioners to view the township. They reported at April term, 1843, a division line, as it existed prior to the formation of Spring township, which report was confirmed by the court on May 16, 1843, and the new township named West Beaver. The reader is referred to the sketch of Beaver township for an account of the early settlers of this township. The following is a list of the names of property-owners and their occupa- tions, who lived in this township between the years 1S39 and 1850: Geo. Arbogast, stage-driver. Henry Aiirand, stage-driver. Daniel Alter, carpenter. •Jacob Breiner. Daniel Baker, Sr., farmer. William Berger, shoemaker. .1. Baumgartner, Sr., laborer. .John Brannon, laborer. Daniel Berger, millwright. J. Baumgartner, Jr., laborer. Henry Beufer, tiirmer. Daniel Baker, .)r., farmer. William Bard, .shoemaker, inn-keeper and postmaster. John Hobb, farmer. Cliris'n Brown, store-keeper. William Baker, gentleman. Philip Baker, farmer. Fred. Baker, Sr., laborer. H. Baumgartner, laborer. Samuel Brunner, laborer. Michael Boyer, laborer. John Baker, Sr., farmer. Fred. Baker, Jr., laborer. -V. Baumgartner, Sr., weaver. Henry Cosgrove, inn-keeper and postmaster. John Diemer, farmer. Charles Damley, farmer. William Damley, laborer. Charles Damley, .Jr., farmer. George Erb, farmer. Israel Erb, shoemaker, lohn Erb, shoemaker. David Fessler, chair-maker. .Vbraham Freed, laborer. Isaac Fees, inn-keeper, dep- uty postmaster. Peter Fees, gentleman. Henry Felker, farmer, .lohn Felker, farmer. loseph Felker, miller. Peter Freese, farmer. Elias Fuhrman, farmer. Henry Gross, farmer. George Goss, Sr., farmer. facob Goss, wagoner. Henry Goss, son of George, shoemaker. Henry B. Goss, son of Henry, farmer. Henry Goss, Sr., farmer. George Goss, Jr., farmer. .John Gross, gelder. .\I. Gerhardt, Jr., farmer. Samuel D. Graft', farmer anil saw-mill. Elias Goss, laborer. Peter Goss, Sr., farmer. Peter Goss, Jr., blacksmith. Simon Goss, carpenter. Widow Catherine Hoifman. Henry Holl, farmer. Daniel Herbster, laborer. Thomas Herbster, laborer. George Herbster, laborer. Henry Hook, weaver. D, Hassinger, Jr., farmer. Peter Heater, farmer. Daniel Hartley, laborer. J. Hinely, farmer, difstillery. Jacob Hartman, shoemaker. David Hollocher, farmer. George Hoofnagle, mason. Widow Hammel. Peter Herbster, farmer. Jacob Herbster, farmer. Gabriel Herbster, carpenter. William Heater, laborer. Peter Holl'nian, laborer. Geo. Henry, Sr., gentleman. John Hartley, pearl button- maker. Frederick Haines, laborer. Henry Hoofnagle, laborer. Jacob Hersch, laborer. Peter Knepp, Sr., farmer. Widow Maria Krebs. Henry Krebs, farmer. Charles Krebs, farmer. Jacob Kreljs, laborer. Daniel Knepp, Jr., laborer. James Kalpetzer, laborer. Adam Kalpetzer, Jr., black- smith. Daniel Koch, tailor. Henry Knepp, Jr., farmer. H. Knepp, Sr., gentleman. Simon Kerstetter, farmer. Jacob Klick, laborer. Widow Catherine Klick. Adam Kalpetzer, Sr., cooper. John Knepp, Sr., farmer. John R. Knepp, Jr., farmer. Daniel Knepp, Sr., farmer. Reuben Koch, tailor. Jacob Kemmerling, Sr , gentleman. Jacob Koons, laborer. George Kline, farmer. Michael Kline, farmer. Jacob Kline, farmer. John Kline, .Ir., farmer. John Kline, Sr., farmer. John Krick, farmer. George Kehley, farmer. Daniel Kehley, carpenter. George Knep|), farmer. Henry R. Knepp, teacher. John Keller, laborer. Jesse Lepley, laborer. Michael Lepley, farmer. John Lash, farmer. ■John Lebr, weaver. Henry Lichtle, shoemaker. X. K. Middleswartli, farmer. Andrew Mick, farmer. H. H. Mageritz, justice. Mageritz, Smith & Mageritz. George Mageritzs heirs, grist and saw-mill. Charlotte Mageritz. John Moyer, farmer and saw-mill. Daniel Mattern, mason. Isaac Mattern, farmer. Henry Miller, farmer. Jacob Jlattern, mason. Philip Manbcck, farmer. Michael Maurer, farmer. .lolin Maurer, farmer. Henry Maurer. Widow Mitchd, clover and saw-mill. .\nthony Manbeck, farmer. Edward A. Mageritz, farmer. .Tose|tli Manbeck, laborer. Conrad Moll, shoemaker. Henry Moyer, farmer. Jacob Middleswartli, fanner. Jacob Neidig, tanner. David Ocker, carpenter. SNYDER COUNTY. 1515 John Oldt, farmer, saw-mill. ' Daniel Price, succeeded by Benjamin, farmer. William Price, farmer. John Peter, Sr., farmer anil saw-mill. John Peter, Jr., laborer. Jacob Peter, carpenter. Henry Peter, farmer. Leonard Peter, gentleman. Jacob Price, tailor. Joseph Pontius, farmer. George Romig, laborer. John D. Romig. farmer. Sam'l Reninger, shoemaker. Benj. Ream, blacksmith. Geo. N. Roth, blacksmith. Jonathan Romig, farmer. George Ritter, farmer. Nicholas Reitz, laborer. Henry Ritter, Sr., farmer. Jacob Ritter, farmer. James Ranch, miller. Henry Ranch, farmer, grist and saw-mill. Henry Ritter, Jr., farmer. Susanna, widow of J. Romig' Thomas Ruston, pearl hut- ton-maker. Solomon Romig, Jr., farmer. S. Romig, Sr., gentleman. Isaac Romig, farmer. Peter Romig, laborer. Daniel Romig, farmer. John Romig, Sr., grist and saw-mill. Joiin Romig, Jr., farmer. Widow Margaret Rager, tan yard. John Rover's heirs. William Smith, teacher. Philip Spigelmyer, farmer. Daniel Spigelmyer, laborer. Adam Shout, laborer. .1. Smith, farmer, saw-mill. J. Smith, Sr., gentleman. Jacob Spigelmyer, farmer. David Spade, unseated land. J. Spigelmyer, Jr., laborer. Godlieb Specht, doctor. George Smith, former. Jacob J. Smith, tiirmer. Solomon Steininger, farmer. John Stumptr, Sr., farmer anil saw-mill. .Joseph Stumpff, farmer. William Stumpff, farmer. Samuel Stumpff, carpenter. D. Steininger, gentleman. David Steininger, farmer. ,J. Steininger, fulling-mill. Peter Shrefler, weaver. Peter Strouse, farmer. Daniel Strouse. Levi F. Smith, blacksmith. Simou Steininger, farmer. Matthias Smith, farmer. John Strouse, millwright. Solomon Stuck, laborer. John Snook, Sr., farmer. Reuben Shadey, farmer. Isaac Snook, laborer. Solomon Snook, laborer. C. Swanger, shoemaker. Peter Sipe, cabinet-maker. J. Steininger, blacksmith. Jacob F. Smith, blacksmith. William Shilling, laborer. Joseph R. Stumpff, single, farmer. Jacob Stumpff, supervisor. Henry Spigelmyer, farmer. Daniel Swanger, farmer. William Trester, farmer. George Trester, farmer. John Trester, farmer. John Try, farmer. Andrew Ulsh, Sr., farmer and postmaster. Andrew Ulsh, Jr., farmer. John Ulsh, farmer, saw-mill. George Wiandt, farmer. John Weiand, Sr., farmer. Adam Wagner, Sr., laborer. Adam Wagner, Jr., laborer. Elias Wagner, laborer. George Wagner, miller. Moses Weader, laborer. Amos Wireman, farmer. John Weader, farmer. Elias Weader, farmer. Andrew Weader, farmer. George Wagner, laborer. John Wagner, farmer. Daniel Wagner, farmer. George D. Wagner, farmer. John Weiand. .Tr., laborer. Ludwig Yetter, farmer. John Young, laborer. There are two villages in this township — Bannerville and McClure. Many of its inhab- itants devote their time and attention to agricul- ture. The school-houses and churclies erected throughout the township bear te.stimony of the advanced character of this community. Extend- ing through the township is the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, which also tends to invig- orate business and private enterprise. The churches established are Evangelical Lutheran (General Synod) on Black Oak Ridge ; the Union Church, of Lutheran and Reformed, at the same place ; Evangelical Association (Baker's Church), at Cosgrave Hall ; Evangeli- cal Association, at McCiure. St. John's congre- gation was organized in 1790 by the Rev. Geist-- weist, and a few years after a church was built on Black Oak Ridge by the Reformed and Lutheran congregations. It was used jointly until 1876, when the Lutherans withdrew and built St. Paul's Church not far away. Old St. John's Church was torn down in the same year and the present church built by the Reformed and General Council Brethren. The congrega- tion is in the " Old Beaver Charge," and in the care of the Rev. W. M. Landis, who resides at Adamsburg. St. Paul's Lutheran Church (General Synod) stands on Black Oak Ridge, in West Beaver township. This congregation was formed out of a part of the Lutheran congregation, which worshipped in old St. John's Church, with the Reformed congregation. A separation took place about 1876, and in that year St. Paul's Church was erected. BANNERVILLE. Up to about 1850 the village now known as Bannerville was known by different names, the most prominent of which was Cheesetown. Be- fore the railroad was built, and when Henry Aurand and Lsaac Fees carried the United States mail and passengers from Lewi-stown to Northumberland and back, in the old-style stage-coaches, their route lay directly through this locality. It so happened that a certain old lady living at the east end of the village was a great lover of " Dutch cheese," which she her- .astor, a courteous gentleman, an earnest, sincere minister, a man of amiable disposition and suavity of manners. His peaceable dis- position was proverbial, and he seemed to realize to the fullest extent " Blessed are the peace- makers, for they shall be called the children of God." , At least fifteen hundred persons attended his funeral to pay their tribute of respect to his memory. Rev. J. G. Anspach, J. W. Early, E. L. Reed and P. Born, of the Jjutherau Church, and Revs. W. A. Haas and L. C. Ed- monds, of the Reformed Church, participated in the fuueral ceremonies. Funeral services were held and discourses delivered in all the church- es connected with the Freeburg charge subse- quent to his funeral by the pastors on the Re- formed side in charge of the same. Extended notices of his death appeared in all our county pajjei-s and in a number of papers of our neigh- boring counties. The officers of the Freeburg Academy passed suitable resolutions and entered them on their minutes. The Freeburg Lyceum, of which he was a member, assembled and re- corded their sorrow at the loss of a zealous work- er, a finished gentleman and an accomplished scholar. The members of the Freeburg, Salem and Schnee's congregations assembled in their respective churches and passed resolutions ex- pressive of their feelings in the loss of him "who has been a tender counselor in the fam- ily, a kind comforter in the house of mourning and an affectionate sympathizer at the bed of sickness; an earnest pastor among his people, an instructive and conscientious prophet in the pulpit and revered priest at the altar; a work- man that need not be ashamed." A monument association was formed at Freeburg on the day of his funeral. Daniel S. Boyer was selected president; H. H. Grimm, secretary; Edward Bassler, treasurer, and solicitors appointed for each congregation. The amounts contributed are as follows: Freeburg congregation, §2:31.25; Salem,|100; Schnee's, $80.75; Artley's, $19.50; Botschaft's, 18.85. Hon. E. R. Menges and others, of Elkhart County, Ind., former members of Rev. Erlenme^^er's charge when they lived in Pennsylvania, contributed $13.50. The total amount paid into the monument fund was $403.24. With this fund a splendid monument was purchased, which was on exhibition at the Centennial, at Philadelphia, which has bwn SNYDER COUNTY. 1539 placed over his grave in the Freeburg Ceme- tery, with suital^le inscriptions on two of its sides. On a day set for the unveiling of this monument a large crowd was in attendance, which again demonstrated the fact that the memory of the just shall live. To his eldest son, Martiu Luther Erlenmeyer, belougs the credit for furnishintr the means to have the illustration of his respected father placed in this book, and to Professor D. S. Boyer, a member of the Freeburg congregation, for the biography. UxiTED Brethren*. — Rev. Eusebius Her- schey, an itinerant preacher, came to Freeburg in 18-51, and purchased a lot. He commenced the erection of a one-story brick church, which under his charge -ivas completed. He labored with his own hands, and by per- severance and diligence succeeded iu having the church completed and dedicated. Freeburg Academy. — Tiiis institution is located north of Freeburg, on an elevation, and is a three-story brick structure, thirty-five by fifty-eight feet, surmounted by a cupola, in which is a sweet-toned bell. The first floor contains a school-room, dining-room, kitchen and cellar ; second floor, main school-room and two rooms for dwelling department ; third floor, two rooms for family use and nine rooms for students' use. The first building, which had been erected in 1853, was burned October 13, 1855, and had been insured for §4000. The first meeting, to consider the propriety of building an academy, was held in Freeburg August 16, 1852. John Kantz presided; D. P. Hilbish and Emanuel Houtz, vice-presidents ; and John Hilbish, secretary ; Rev. C. G. Er- lenmyer, Geo. C. INfoyer and H. Motz were the first trustees. This institution was incorporated under the style and title of the " Freeburg Academy of the Lutheran and German Reformed denomina- tions." The following-named were principals of the institution in the order in which they are named : Jacob S. Whitman, Geo. F. McFarland, Rev. C. Z. Weiser, Rev. J. K. Millet, Daniel S. Boyer, N. D. Vandyke, Daniel .S. Boyer, F. W. Ream and Wm. H. Dill. It is a remarkable fact tiiat all the gentlemen that were principals of this institution are still living, and all engaged in educational pursuits, with one exception. Mr. Ream is now county superintendent of ^lontour County, and W. H. Dill, county superintendent of Snyder County. The present officers of the institution are Daniel S. Boyer, president ; John A. Hilbish, vice-president ; Geo. C. jNIoyer, treasurer ; C. F. Moyer, secretary ; B. F. Arnold, Frederick E. Hilbish and Sam'l G. Hilbish, trustees. Societies. — The Simon Snyder Council of the United Order of American ^Mechanics was in successful operation for a period of three years, when, in consequence of the hard times and re- moval of many of its members, it disbanded. AVashington Camp, of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, also had a flourishing- lodge at Freeburg for a period of four years. They held regular meetings and were quite prosper- ous for a time, but finally disbanded. Freeburg Lodge, Xo. (jll, I. O. of O. F., was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- vania October 10, 1867. The following are the names of the charter members: Henry Berry, Noble Grand ; H. H. Grimm, Vice-Grand ; S. W. Watt, Secretary ; B. F. Arnold, Assist- ant Secretary ; Peter S. Rigel, Treasurer. Their room is neatly furnished and the walls adorned with charts, etc. The annual report for 1885 shows that the assets of the lodge amount to $563.55. The present officers are L. S. Goy, Noble Grand; George W. Woodling, Vice- Grand; Francis Glass, Secretary; Peter S. Rigel, Treasurer; Representative to Grand Lodge, Daniel S. Boyer. The following are Past Grands: B. F. Arnold, Francis Glass, Jacob M. Roush, Daniel S. Boyer, Henry Berry, S. W. Watt, J. B. Shirk, H.H. Grimm, William A. Glass, Henry H. Glass, James P. Moyer. Boyer's Town Hall. — Daniel S. Boyer, realizing the necessity of a town hall, erected a suitable building, which was dedicated Decem- ber 26, 1867. It is a frame structure two stories high, thirty-six by sixty feet, surmounted by a cupola, in which is a bell weighing four hundred pounds. Rev. Samuel Domer, D.D., now liv- ing at Washington, D. C., delivered a dedica- torv address. Rev. J. V^'. I^cscher, Reformed 1540 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. minister, delivered the following dedicatory address : " The proijrietor, who is present, has erected this edifice for Literary purposes, and desires that it be sol- emnly set apart to that object. " He has given it the name of Boyer's Town Hall, of Freeburg, and by this name we do now set it apart and dedicate it to the work of Education and Literary Entertainment. Henceforth, let it be a house of re- fined entertainment, where Science shall be honored and Literature proclaimed, and the combined bless- ings of both descend on our children." The first iioor contains a stage and hall ; the second story two rooms, which are used by the Odd-Fellows and Philharmonic Society. Authors. — Peter Hackenberg, Sr., a resident of Freeburg, in the year 1838 wrote a book en- titled "Eubersicld der Religion" (Dissertation on Religion.) It is a well-written book in the German language and is a work of real merit, and can be found in many libraries. It contains two hundred and eighty pages. His remains rest in the Freeburg Cemetery. George Gundrum, a school-teacher at Free- burg (and one of the best teachers of his time), was the author of a book on orthography, en- titled " The American Interpreter." His re- mains are interred in the old cemetery at Selin's Grove. Rev. Isaac Gerhart, a Reformed minister at Freeburg, fi'om 1813 to 1818, assisted by Fred- erick Eyer, prepared a musical work in 1817 called " Choral Harmonic." It was afterward revised and sold to Colonel Heniy C. Eyer. It was well adapted to church music and it is to- day used as the leading note-book in our Ger- man congregations in Snyder and adjoining counties. Rev. Daniel Weiser, when he was serving the Reformed congregation at Freeburg, translated a work of the distinguished divine, Matthew Mead, of London. Although he was not the author of the work, the translation of it was a literary task requiring much labor. The work in Englisii is called ".Vlmost a Christian," in German, " Beynaha ein Christ." It contains sound religious truths that have not grown old with tiic lapse of years. L^Hiiel Dieffenbach, for many years a teacher in our common schools and a noted mathemati- cian, published a German book in the year 1 840 containing three hundred and sixty pages, enti- titled "5'ct^ Jt'sits," (Victory of Jesus). It is a religious work and the author bestowed much time and attention on it. Rev. Henry Zeigler, D.D., while he was pro- fessor of theology of the Theological Depart- ment of the Missionary Institute, at Selin's Grove, composed and published a work on theology. Daniel S. Boyer wrote twelve chapters on Snyder County, which were published in the Freeburg Courier, together with the Centennial address he delivered at Freeburg in 1876, and his six addresses on agriculture delivered at the Gratz Fair, in Dauphin County, during six suc- cessive years. Also, twelve articles on the life of Governor Snyder published in the Sella s Grove Times, and a historic address delivered at Selin's Grove at the unveiling of the monu- ment of Governor Snyder, published in the Freeburg Neirs, and a translation of the sermou delivered by Rev. J. P. Shindel at the funeral of Governor Snyder. Frederick C. Moyer was born near Free- burg in 1810. He was a son of Christopher Moyer, who was born at Campbellstown, Leb- anon County. He commenced in the mercan- tile business in April, 1832, at Freeburg, and continued nine years, when his youngest brother, George C. Moyer, became his partner, and the firm was styled G. & F. C. Moyer, and continued as such to this time. He was in the mercantile business tifty-three years. In the year 1838 he moved into the house he now occu- pies and commenced a hotel on the northwest cor- ner of South and Market Streets. He continued thirty-eight years. In 1876 he remodeled his house, raising it to three stories — the upper story used as a musical college and second story for sleeping apartments for the students of the college. He has also been extensively engaged in agriculture, introduced ditching low lands, straio'hteninir creeks and used lime extensivelv. Of? In this he was afterwards imitated by many of his neighbors. He was a trustee of the Mifflin- burg Academy, — a State institution during the years 1844, '45 and '46 ; an auditor of Union County from 1847 to 1850 ; director of the first SNYDER COUNTY. 1541 bank established at Lewisburgh ; postmaster for twelve years, under the administrations of Harrison, Taylor and Lincoln ; he also served three years as one of the auditors of Snyder County. He is a member of the Reformed Church and served as trustee for the congrega- tion for thirty-four years, and conducted con- gregational singing many years. He has a family of nine children. Daniel B. and John C. died after they had attained to manhood. His three sons — William, Philip B. and Henry B. Moyer — also live in Freeburg ; also Caro- line, intermarried with S. G. Hilbish ; Lydia, intermarried with H. Brown ; Jane, intermar- ried with F. E. Hilbish ; Sarah, who was intermarried with Dr. J. C. Shaeifer (now deceased). Rev. Isaac Gerhart, Reformed minister, in 1820 formed a class in vocal music, when Mr. Mover received his first instruction in the " art divine." In 1826 he became a successful music-teacher, having classes in different locali- ties. In 1834 he was selected to lead the sing- ing in church and continued twenty-seven years. When he retired his son, William Moyer, succeeded him. He erected the musi- cal college at Freeburg, which was dedicated September 2, 1871, — a "Normal School of Music, well supplied with pianos and organs." Two sessions, of six weeks' duration, have been held every year since its establishment. A musical convention, of one week's duration, has also been held every year, in the month of January, under his directorship. Philharmonic Musical Society. — The Philharmonic Musical Society, of Freeburg, was incorporated October 28, 1879. The in- corporators were H. H. Grimm, Esq., William H. Moyer, T. J. Forrey, W. H. Dill, Esq., F. G. Glass, William H. Grimm, S. Ed. Grimm, Dr. D. C. Nipple, W. A. Glass, C. A. Glass, J. A. Hilbish, E. S. Willis and J. W. Scanlan. The first trustees were H. H. Grimm, Vi". H. Mover and T. J. FoiTey. The object of the association is the practice of vocal and instru- mental music and discussions on the subject of music. This society meets regularly every Wednesday evening in Borer's Hall, where thev have furnislied a mi mi with seats, organ. piano, charts and other necessary furniture. It is divided into a junior and senior department. Each department has its time of meeting for practice. They have held four musical conven- tions in Boyer's Hall of one week's duration. Dr. W. O. Perkins, of Boston, the noted author of musical works, conducted three of these con- ventions, and Professor W. W. Keenan, of New York, conducted two conventions, and he has also taught four terms of six weeks during the summer of 1884-85. All the conventions and music terms were well patronized. The present officers are H. H. Grimm, president; Daniel S. Boyer, secretary'; W. P. Moyer, assistant secre- tary ; Sarah E. Haines, treasurer ; W. H. Grimm, conductor of senior department ; W. H. Morgan, conductor of junior department ; Maggie E. Gla.ss, organist of senior department ; Lizzie R. Dill, organist of junior department. Each member pays a certain amount of weekly dues. George C. Moyer was born near Freeburg, in Washington township. Union (now Snyder) County, Pa., April 7, 1816, and is a son of Chris- topher Moyer and his wife, Betty, whose maiden- name was Howerter. His parents emigrated to the above county from Lebanon County, Pa., about the year 1798. Cliristojjher ^loyer began life as a farmer, until about the year 1818, when he went into the mercantile business ; he followed this business until 1832. George C. Moyer received a common-school education. He began to work on his father's farm, near Freeburg, from his boyhood to the year 1833, when he learned the tanning business and followed it until 1841. On the 9th of March, 1841, he associated himself with his brother, Frederick C. Moyer, in the mercantile business, under the firm-name of G. & F. C. Moyer, which, up to this writing (September 5, 1885), has not been dissolved. In his younger days Mr. Moyer served as major under the militia law of Pennsylvania. He has held many offices in his native town- ship. He aided in establishing the Freeburg Academy, which was founded in 1853, and was one of the first three trustees elected. After the destruction of the academy building by fire, October 13, 1855, he was chosen as a member 1542 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. of the building committee for the rebuilding of that institution and was its treasurer for the long period of thirty years. He was one of the first directors of the First National Bank of Selin's Grove, and has held the office since it was chartered, during a period of twenty-one years, and is now one of the two surviving charter members. March 17, 1865, he was appointed by Governor A. G. Curtin as associate judge for an unexpired term. October 8, 1868, he was elected to the same office for a full term of five years. He was oue of the building committee of the Lutheran and Reformed Church of Free- burg in 1868-69. In 1S74 he served as presi- dent of the Union Agricultural Association of Selin's Grove. July 17, 1874, he was appointed as postmaster of Freeburg, which position he has held for upwards of eleven years. He was the first prospector for iron-ore in the vi- cinity of Freeburg, which has led to extensive operations in different parts of the township. Mr. Moyer is a member of the Reformed Church and has held the offices of deacon, elder and treasurer. February 1, 1842, he was mar- ried to Miss Eliza Fisher, a daughter of the late Michael Fisher, of Selin's Grove, and has five surviving children — two sons and three daughters. William Moyer, son of Frederick C. Moyer and his wife, Mary A., daughter of John Boyer, was born in Freeburg, Snyder County, Pa., September 27, A.D. 1834. During his youth he was employed at his parents' home in the pursuit of agriculture, hotel and store, and attending the village sc^iiool. From 1848 to 1853 he attended school at Berrysburg Classical Institute, Aaron C. Fisher's select school at Selin's Grove, Tuscarora Academy, Berrysburg Seminary and Freeburg Academy. In the interim he also acquired the art of marble-cutting, working under instructions in Philadelphia iu 1852. He taught classes in vocal music in the counties of Dauphin, Juniata, Northiuuberland, TTnion and in nearly every school district of Snyder County. He organized his firstclassat Elizabeth ville, Dauphin County, in 1853. He taught public school iu the double brick sdioul-house on the site now occupied by the Lutheran and Reformed Church, in Freeburg, for four successive terms, of four months each, from 1854 to 1857. In October, 1858, he was elected county surveyor of Snyder County for three years. He married Sarah C, daughter of John A. and Amelia Hilbish, at Montgomery's Ferry, Pa., December 18, 1860. January, 1862, he was elected secretary of Freeburg Academy, and served continuou.sly for twenty-one years. He was elected to the office of county superintendent of schools in 1863, and retained to the year 1872. He was com- missioned notary public by Govs. Curtin and Geary from 1864 to 1876; elected a director, in 1876, of the Selin's Grove and New Berlin Railroad. March 13, 1875, he was elected a justice of the peace ; re-elected in 1880 and 1885, filling many fiduciary appointments of trust, as executor, administrator, assignee and guar- dian. The honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Franklin and Marshall College, June, 1879. He was re- elected a fourth term to the office of county superintendent of schools in 1881. He has had charge of the vocal department in the Musical College since its establishment, and is the nuisical conductor at its annual conventions. He was received into the membership of the Reformed Church, at Freeburg, by confirmation, in 1855. In May, 1855, he was elected one of the superintendents of the Lutheran and Re- formed Sunday-school, and has so continued for thirty years, representing his school in county convention and his county at the Pennsylvania State Association, convened in Phiiadei})])ia, Williamsport, Ijancaster and Johnstown. He has served as secretary of the Reformed ct)n- gregation since 1861. In 1883 he was chosen to the office of elder, and subsequently elected delegate to West Sus(|uehanna Classis, which elected him a delegate to represent it at the Gen- eral Synod at Baltimore, Md., May, 1884. I'AI.LAS. Pallas, a small village situated four miles south of Freeburg, contains hotel, store and a post-office. B. P. Straub is postmaster, and is engaged in the mercantile business. The place was established by Daniel Eisenhart, who SNYDER COUNTY. 1543 moved here aliout twenty years ago from Northumberland. He was elected sheriiF of the county. At the expiration of his term he moved to Shamokin, where he now resides, and his son-in-law, Mi: Straub, resides here. This was known as the John Boyer property. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN WIEST. John Wiest was born in Uniontown, Dau- ]ihin County, Pa., December 25, 1829. He was a son of Jacob Wiest, a respected and worthy citizen, who was noted for his correct habits and good business qualifications. His mother's maiden-name was !Maria Tobias. He was baptized iu his infancy, and was subsequently received as a member of the Reformed Church by Rev. Adam Leisz, at Uniontown. He em- braced every o^jportunity aftbrded him to ac- quire knowledge in his youthful days, and became an excellent and rapid penman, and quite early in life developed business qualifica- tions. He was obedient to the commands of his parents and devoted his leisure hours to diligent study. The studious habits which he formed in his youth were practiced by him during his whole life. In him we have an exemplification of the truth, — •" Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclined." In the year 1848 he left the parental roof and became a salesman in the extensive dry- goods house of Sieger, Lamb & Co., Philadel- phia. His success as a salesman was an aston- ishment to all who know him, and very early in life he became a member of the firm. He continued a member of this establishment until he had acquired wealth, when he retired from this firm, having added greatly to the busi ness of this house. After this he made four trips over the continent to Colorado, when railroad facilities extended only to Missouri, and a large part of these trips was made by stage and private conveyances through an un- settled country, and where many unreconciled Indians lived and regarded strangers and travel- ers with suspicion. July 8, 1856, he married Emma J. Boyer, youngest daughter of Isaac Boyer, a successful merchant at Freeburg, a lady of excellent char- acter and good training. Her only sister, Kate, is the wife of Edward Bassler, Esq., a promi- nent citizen of Freeburg. Nine years prior to his death he left Philadelphia and moved to Freeburg, where he resided at the time of his death. During his residence here he was en- gaged in selling groceries, and had established a very extensive trade through Snyder and other counties, and the salary he received was abun- dant evidence of his success in the business he was engaged in. He continued in the active pursuit of his business until five months prior to his death, when he was compelled to abandon it on account of failing health, and gradually grew worse, expiring at his home August 7, 1883, aged fifty-four years. His wife survives him, together with one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Albert and Howard ; also four broth- ers,— George, Elias, William and Daniel ; and two sisters, — Lizzie, wife of Dr. Sminkey, a physician, living at Gratz, Dauphin County, and , wife of John Bingaman, at George- town. While he resided at Philadelphia he was noted for his activity in the cause of the Chris- tian Church, of which he was a devoted mem- ber, and took a great interest in all the agencies adopted to extend the kingdom of Christ on earth, and gave liberally of his means for that purpose. That he was able to fulfill so many engagements for benevolent and Christian pur- poses and not neglect his other business, has often caused the surprise of those who knew him. Those who knew him best were aware that he was receiving the fulfillment of the promise, — " They that wait on the Lord shall renew their strength." He was treasurer of the Pennsylvania State Sunday-school Association a number of years, and was a devoted friend of the Sunday-school cause. He was an elder in the Reformed Church at the time of his death, and an active member of the prayer-meeting iu the Freeburg congregation and teacher of the Bible-class in connection with the Sunday-school, and memor- ial services were held in honor of his memorv 1544 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. by the members of the Sunday-school, consist- ing of addresses and resolutions. He was an honorary member of the Philharmonic Society at Freeburg, and suitable resolutions were en- tered on the minutes of the association, and Professor Daniel S. Boyer delivered a eulogy on his life in the society's hall, August 15, 1883. He was one of eight persons who started the Young Men's Christian Association in Philadelj^hia, John Wanamaker also being one findeth to do, do it with thy might. For there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom in the grave, whither thou goest." " For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have kept the faith. I have fought the good fight. I have finished my course. Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, shall give me at that day." of them. Rev. J. A. Bomberger, D.D., his for- mer pastor at Philadelphia, preached an appro- priate discourse at his funeral from the words Heb. vi. 12: "That ye he not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises." Revs. Haas and Wampole also participated in the exercises. The following words from Holy Scripture, we believe, epitomize the life of the deceased : — " And I heard a voice from Heaven saying. Write, Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord fV(ini henceforth." " Whatsoever tliv luuul In life he maintained his Christian character, and was respected as such by all who knew him. He has gone to his grave honored and respected. AUCUSTIS SPRINGMAN. One of Snyder County's most successful farmers is Mr. Augustus Springman, of Wash- ington townsliip. He was born near Neiser, in Prussia, on the 4th day of March, 1827. His father, Joseph Springman, married Miss Hede- wick Krouse, and to them were born John, SNYDER COUNTY. 1545 Augustus, Annie and Maria. By his second wife he had two children, viz., Emmons and Caroline. Mr. Springman died in 1840, leav- ing his M'ife and children in limited circum- stances, and the young Augustus at the mercy of his step-mother. After his father's death he hired out to watch sheep, and received the sum of two dollars per year for his ser- vices. After two years spent in watching sheep and cows he liired out to farmers, and then received eight dollars for a year's work. We next find him serving as a waiter in the household of Mr. Herman Humbold, of Fred- erickseck, in Prussia, Mr. Humbold was a very wealthy man and lived in grand style, and, while in his service, Mr. Springman wore a suit of livery which cost five hundred dollars. In 1851 he went to Berlin, and, after seeking in vain for lucrative employment, was forced to accept work in a soap-factory at four dollars per mouth ; and though his employer was very wealthy, his help were compelled to live on what was left after the family had eaten, and Mr. Springman went hungry many a day. He finally left the soap-factory and sought other emjjloyment, and, while doing so, was arrested by the Berlin police and locked up. On his release he started for his home on foot. He had two hundred miles to walk, and often became so famished for food that he gathered up and ate what the farmers had thrown away as use- less. But these were not the only times he had known want. In the winter of 1848, when the times in Germany were veiy bad, he bought the sweepings of a grist-mill floor, baked it into In-ead and ate it. In February, 1852, he left his native town as the pioneer emigrant from the place, and embarked in a sailing vessel at Bremen for Baltimore, paying forty-five dol- lars for his fare and outfit. He had received from his brother, as his share of his father's estate, the sum of fifty-five dollars. The last of March, after a long and stormy passage, he landed in Baltimore, Md., with §2.50 in his pocket and unable to speak a word of English. He had no idea of what he would do or ^vhere he should go. He was young, strong, indus- trious and temperate, and had come to the new world to carve out for himself a home and a competency. He went out into the city, and, not knowing which way to go, threw up a cane he had brought from Germany, in accordance with an old German custom, and as the head of the cane pointed so was he to go. A fellow- countryman who saw the act approached him and asked him where he wanted to go. He replied that he did not know the name of the place. The stranger named several places, and when he mentioned Harrisburg Mr. Springman said that was the place, and was shown to the depot. He went in and put all his money in the window and asked for a billet to Harris- burg. The agent did not understand him, when a strange gentleman stepped forward and said, " The man wants a ticket to Harrisburg." The agent pushed the money back and said there was not enough to take him to Harrisburg. The stranger gave him enough to make the required amount, and has never been seen or heard from by JMr. Springman since. Arrived in Harrisburg, the question was what to do and where to go. He had not a cent of money, and had not had anything to eat since the day before. He inquired of a man who could talk German where he could find a German hotel, and one was shown him, to which he at once betook himself and asked the proprietor for food, after explaining his desti- tute circumstances. He was ordered out of the house, but finally persuaded the German land- lord to give him some breakfast and a room by leaving with him his wat<>h and clothing. His search for work was at first unsuccassful, but he finally obtained work in unloading a raft of lumber, for which he received sixteen dollars, and, by working almost night and day, he finished a two weeks' job in three days. The man who had given him the work then gave him anijther raft to unload for seventeen dol- lars. After the raft was unloaded he had no difficulty in obtaining employment, and in two weeks after his arrival in Harrisburg he had fifty dollars after paying all expenses and re- placing the clothes he had lost by fire soon after he arrived. He then worked his passage in a boat to the Red Bank Furnace, in County, where he obtained employment. His fellow-laborers were Irish, and did all in their 1546 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. power to make his work hard aud to get him discharged. He kept on in the even tenor of his way, doing his work well and bearing as well as he could the ill-will of his fellows. But he could not always put up with their abuse, and he thrashed several of them. At last four of them attacked him, with the intention of killing him. He had been warned and was prepared for them, and he laid about him with a piece of crowbar to such good purpose that the Freeburg Academy, and, under the instruc- tion of Prof. D. S. Boyer, learned to read and write English and cei-tain forms and calcu- lations useful to a business man. While traveling in Juniata County he made the acquaintance of ]\Iiss Josephine Bird, daughter of Josejjh and Margaret (McCoy) Bird, whom he married March 15, 1846. She was born July 2, 1842, aud was a descendant of the Bird family, of Philadelphia, who came one of them was badly hurt and the rest put to flight. He then asked his employer for his discharge, but instead was made a boss, and his assailants were severely reprimanded. He re- mained at Mr. Wood's furnace two and oue-iialf years, and tlien left with seven hundred dollars in his pocket. He went to Danville and worked for a time in a furnace there ; then quit and went to peddling. He was for a time un- successful and lost all his money, but regained it again. At this period in his life he entered i-iX?^^^^ Q^T^i--^ from Scotland before the Revolution and settled near Harrisburg, where they became a wealthy and prominent family. After his marriage Mr. Spriugman came to Freeburg, where he bought a home and engaged in the real estate business ; also dealt in horses and cattle. In 1865 he bought the Wingus farm, on which he remained until 1870, when he l)()ught, in Sunbury, a trrist-mill and flour and feed-store. He re- mained in Sunbury one year ; then sold out and returned to Freeburg, \vhcre he bought the SiNYDEK COUNTY. 1547 farm on ^vhich he resides at the present time. Mr. Spriugman received from his wife's family a nice fortune, which lie lias handled in a mas- terly manner, and has every year added thereto. He now owns five tiirms, all of which he man- ages in a business-like manner. He has at four different times laid out additions to Freeburg, and has done much towards making the town what it is to-day. He is a liberal and public- spirited citizen, and stands high in the county where he has resided so long. He is a member of the Lutheran Church and one of its trustees; also its treasurer. He is a Democrat in politics and has been several times judge of elections, and for four years has been overseer of the poor. He has also been a Congressional dele- gate, and represented Snyder County at the last Congressional election as one of the conferees. To Mr. and Mrs. Springman have been born children as follows : Margaret, born November 25, 1861; Laura, May 4,1864; Ida, August 24, 1866; Irena, February 28, 1868; and Jo- seph B., September 18, 1873. In 1867 Mr. Springman and his wife visited Germany and spent some timejn the home of his youth. He met with a royal reception among his friends and relations, who came miles to see him. In trav- eling from Bremen to Berlin they rode, as be- came a wealthy American citizen, in a first-class car, much to the surprise of a German general, who stared at ]Mr. Springman through his glass, an act returned with interest by Mr. Springman getting out his field-glass and staring at the general, who grew very angry, which in no way disconcerted Mr. Springman, who felt that a citizen of wealth and standing from the United States was as good and had the same privileges as a German general. !Mr. Springman became more an American than ever, and proud of his adopted country and its free institutions. CHAPTER XV. CHAPMAX TOWXSHIP.i The area comprising the southeastern part of Snyder CouTity was early organized into a 1 Professor Daniel S. Bover. township, called IMahantango, whose territory eventually was divided among other newly- formed townships, and the name Mahantango as designating a township, disappeared. At the April term of court of Northumber- land County, 1795, a petition was presented by the inhabitants of Penn township, asking for a division, and that a new township be erected, to be named Mahantango. The court ap- pointed Simon Snyder, Philip Mertz, Frederick Rood, Andrew Moore and Peter Hosterman to view the territory, and if in their opinion it was desirable, to divide the township. The viewers reported at the April term of court, 1796, that they had divided the township of Penn, making the division line — " Beginning at the mouth of Middle Creek, thence up said creek to a marked Black Oak on the bank of the creek ; thence a direct course to the top of Firestone or Limestone Ridge ; thence along on the top thereof to a heap of stones on the said Ridge ; thence north 20° west to the mouth of George Motz Run ; thence up the said Run to its Head ; thence along the middle of the road, through the Gap in the Shade Mountain to a marked White Oak ; thence a due west course to the mouth of John Smith's Run, dividing Penn's and Beaver townships." The court confirmed the report and ordered " that the new township be called and known by the name of Mahantango township." The following is a list of residents, etc., of Mahan- tango township, made in 1796 (territory, Chapman, Periy, "\\'est Perry, now in Snyder County) : Frederick Albright, Sr. and Jr., John Albright, George Ault, William Anderson, Casper Arnold, saw- mill ; Henry Barnhart, John Bay, John Bickart, Charles Birchtield, John Blasser, Daniel Bower, Peter Bower, Jacob Bowman, Michael Bright, George Brumbach, Philip Burget or Burkhart, Esq., Jacob Eckhart, Christian Forrey, Henry Garman, saw-mill ; John and Peter Garman, George Gaughler, Casper Geltnitz, Henry Getherd, cooper; Frederick Gov, Jacob Graybill, Christian Graybill, John Grayhill, Jacob Gunckel, Jacob Hafiig, John Hagerman, James Hamilton, Michael Hawn, saw-mill; Michael Hawn, Jr., Paul Heem, Jacob HeflTer, Peter Heim- back, Dr. Christian Heintz, Henry Heisler, Simon Herrold, grist and saw-mill ; George Herrold, .John Hershey, .Tohn Hershey, Jr., Mathias Hetzel, James Hoft', tailor; Peter Hosterman, Charles Imhoff, two stills; John Johnston, saw-null; John Jordan, Jacob Keiser, John Kerstetter, George Kerstetter, Leonard 1548 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Kerstetter, Martin Kerstetter, John Kerstetter, Jr., Widow Kerstetter, John Leiter, Jacob Liveugood, John Livergood, Jacob Livergood, saw-mill ; Samuel McClintock, Jacob Martin, George Meiser, Adam Meiser, Henry Meiser, Jr., Henry Meiser, Sr., saw- mill ; Michael Meiser, Philip Meiser, Baltzer Metter- ling, Wiant Nieman, saw-mill ; Jacob and Philip Nitz, Robert Patterson, Henry Pfeill, John Reber, Frederick Reed, Casper Reed, John Reichenbach, Jacob Reichenbach, George Reinerd, Christian Richter, John Richter, Henry Rine, two stills ; Jacob Roush, Jacob Roush, Jr.; Stephen Saddler, Christian Seecrist, saw-mill and distillery ; John Shaffer, Michael Shaffer, saw-mill ; Peter Shaffer, Henry Shedde, saw-mill ; John Shetterly, saw-mill ; Henry Shetterly, Catherine Shetterly, Andrew Shetterly, Adam and Michael Shower, Philip Shreiber, David Smith, oil-mill ; Herman Suyder, John Snyder, Sr., Thomas Snyder, Herman Snyder, Sr., George Snyder, shoemaker ; John Snyder, tanner ; Herman Speese, Frederick Stahl, John Stahl, Frederick Stees, grist and saw-mill and shop-keeper ; Earnest Stephenson, weaver ; Adam and Leonard Stephy, Charles Straub, Charles Straub, Jr., Peter Straub, Nicholas Strausser, horse-jockey ; Martin Swartz, John and Peter Swartz, John Thornton, William Thorsby, John Troub, Robert Vance, Widow Whitmer, Jacob Whitmore, Samuel Whitmore, distillery ; Jacob Wiant, John Wiant. Abraham Witmer, Peter Witmer, saw-mill Simon Woodrow, Adam and Godfrey Womer, John. Zellers, Stophel and William Zimmerman, John Zually, weaver. Single Freemen. — Frederick Goy, Jacob Haak, George Meiser, joiner ; Jacob Nitz, Andrew Shaffer, Frederick Stephy, carpenter ; Samuel Whitmore, Michael Wiant, Jacob Zimmerman. The following persons were additional in 1802: John Bergstresser, millwright ; Valentine Christ ; Michael Derstein ; Willis Gordon ; Robert Hagerty ; George and Jacob Heimback ; Widow Holtzapple ; Adam Light ; Widow Richter ; John Richter ; Fred- erick Stees, adds fulling-mill and smith-shop ; Con- rad Walter. This township remained iu existence for about a quarter of a century, and finally, by the erection of Perry and Washington townships, its territory became so small that petitions were made to the court to enlarge it by annexing parts ofPenn and Perry. This view seems not to have Ijeen received favorably by the court, and al- though no record is found of any furtlier action, yet Mahantango township appears for the last time in an official capacity upon the records of the court at tlie May term, 1819. The following records show the action taken by the court and people before its abandon- ment : At September term of court, 1816, inhabitants of Mahantango presented a petition by Ezekiel H. Davis, stating "that in consequence of the division of the said township of Mahantango, lately made, there are only about fifty tax- able inhabitants left in the old part of the said township . . . and asked that the lines of the adjoining townships of Penn and Perry be altered so as to annex parts of these two town- ships to the township of Mahantango in such a way as to meet the convenience of the inhabi- tants of all these townships." The court, De- cember 19th, appointed John Hays, Conrad Weiser and Joseph Still well to view the prem- ises and report. The viewers met and delayed the matter, disagreed and Joseph Stillwell de- clined acting, and George Weirich was ap- pointed in his place. The small territory containing the fifty tax- ables mentioned was in the next year embraced in the territory mentioned in the petition for Chapman township, which petition was pre sented to the court of LTnion County at the February term, 1820, by inhabitants of parts of Washington and parts of Perry townships, stating, — "That the petitioners labor under great difficulty on account of having to travel to Straubstown (Freeburg) to the several elections, on account of the distance, hilly, rough and uneven roads hardly passable at these seasons. We therefore pray the court to grant a new township to lie called Susquehanna. Begin- ning at the mouth of Middle Creek, in Washington township; thence up the said creek to Simon Sny- der's paper-mill, including said mill ; thence along the old hill road to a small field belonging to John German; thence to John Long's house; thence to Grubb's church, in Perry township, including the same; thence to Frederick Meiser's house and mill, including it at Mahantango Creek ; thence down said creek to the Susquehanna River ; thence up the said river to the beginning; being in length, north and south, nine miles, and in breadth, east and west, about five miles." The court ajjpointed John Hays, Adam Wilt and Joseph Stillwell, Esqs., commissioners, who reported in favor of a new township, to be named " Chapman," in honor of Judge Cliap- SNYDER COUNTY. 1549 niaii. Their report was confirmed 'oy the court. Early Settlements. — Mention is made in the sketch of iSIcKee's Half Falls of Thomas McKee, who was probably the first settler in the township. John Shamory was one of the early set- tlers and came to the locality very early. He emigrated from Germany, and, like many others who came in those years, sold his time to pay his passage. They were known as "Redemptioners." He served his time in Baltimore, after which he came up the Susquehanna River and settled in what is now Chapman township (then Penn). He built a hut where the old house on the premises of George Heintzelman was afterwards built. He was in this section when the Indians troubled the settlers, and he removed to Bucks County, where he remained until about 1706, when he returned and lived in the vicinity of his original settlement until his death, in 1774. He was a carpenter and constructed the old Grubb Church, and was the second to be buried' in the old burial-place, attached to the church. His son, John Shamory, was born in 1773, and died at the advanced age of ninety-five years at the house of his great-grandson, J. S. Longacre. Henry Rine was born about the year 1747 and settled in this vicinity about 1768. He built a cabin at the place where an old oak-tree now stands, ou the place now owned by A. Springman. He lived near this place all his days, died in 1817 and was bnried in an inclo- sure near his first settlement, where his son, John Rine, and other members of the family are buried. In 1.S83 John M. Rine placed a suit- able monument to mark the resting-place of his ancestor and others of the family. The land at this place is now occupied by the fifth gene- ration of the same name. Joseph Brittain was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, after which he purchased the farm now owned by Thomas Page, Esq. He was the maternal grandfather of J. C. Ner- hood, now of the township. His grandfather, Adam Nerhood, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was stationed with his company at Black Rock. Frederick Kreitzer, father of J. C. Kreitzer, and Peter Lehr were also soldiers in the War of 1812-14. Grubb's Church was organized in 1776, and named Bauerman's or Kruppe Church. Rev. Michael Enterliue was the first Lutheran pastor. He was succeeded by Matthias Genzel ; Frederick Hinze ; John Herbst ; Rev. Conrad Walter, 1804 to 1819, when he died; Rev. J. P. Shindel, Sr., served one year; Rev. Jacob Smith, from 1820 to 1830; Rev. William Ger- man, from 1830 to 1839 ; Rev. C. G. Erlenmyer, from 1842 to his death, March 6, 1876 ; No- vember 1, 1876, Rev. J. F. Wampole became the pastor and is now in service. This church is owned conjointly by Lutheran and Reformed congregations. The pastor of the Reformed congregation were Rev. Jacob Rippass ; George Geistweit ; John Deitrich Adam ; Conrad Geist- weit, who in 1804 accejited a call to York, Pa. ; Isaac Gerhart served six years; John Felix, Rev. Daniel Weiser, who served till September 10, 1833; Benjamin Boyer served one year; Mr. Baer, nine months; Samuel Seibert, from 1836 to 1845; W. G. Hackman, 1846 to 1849; Joshua Derr, 1850 to 1854; Samuel Gntelius, 1855 to 1858; Mr. Hoffmeier, 1870 to 1873; H. Daniel, one year; W. Donat, 1874 to 1881. The Rev. S. P. Brown, the present pastor, was partly reared in the township, and in the spring of 1881 the congregation of Grubb's Church extended to him a call to become their pastor, which he accepted, and entered upon his duties July 10, 1881. He was born in Lebanon County, Pa., February 4, 1851, and came to Chapman township, Snyder County, with his father's family in the spring of 1865. He entered the academy at Freeburg in 1872, where he remained until the fall of 1876, when he entered the Theological Seminary at Lancaster, and was graduated May 8, 1879. In August of that year he received a call from tlie Re- formed Churcli at Marietta, Lancaster County, which he accepted, remained two years and resigned on account of ill health, and returned to his home in Chajjman township, where he soon after became the pastor of Grubb Church congregation. It is evident that a church building was erected before 1773, as the place was used as a burial-ground in that year, and it is stated that John Shamory, who did the car]3enter-\\ork of 1550 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. the ehurcli building was buried iu the yard in 1774. Tlie old building was used (with many repairs) until the second church-building was erected, in 187(j. It is a substantial brick fetructure. Forty acres of land belong to the congregation, on which a dwelling-house and other buildings are erected. The laud was warranted to George Ulrich,of Penn township, for school and church purposes, in a mistake, W'ho had it corrected, and patented iu the name of Simon Herrold, Sr., and Andrew Mid- dower, trustees of the congregation. This is tile oldest church organization in Snyder C'ounty, having had au existence of one hundred and ten years. Trinity Church, at McKee's Half Falls, was built as a Union Church by the United Brethren in Christ and the Methodist Episco- pal Churches in the year 1860. It is a hand- some brick building, two stories, surmounted with a cupola aud bell. At the present time it is exclusively used by the United Brethren in Christ. The first trustees were John House- werth, B. Ki-emer and Philip Hilbish. The present trustees are B. F. Swartz, D. Hoffer and George A. Shaffer. Zion's Lutheran Church at McKee'.s Half Falls. — First subscriptiou to raise mo- iiev for the erection of this church was circulated in February, 1 859. The building committee were Hon. Jonathan Weiser, president ; Jeremiah B. Hall, secretary; John M. Rine, Walter App and George Snyder. The corner-stone was laid July 29, 1861, aud the church was dedicated October 6, 1861. Rev. John H. Davidson was the first pastor. The first church council was installed May 10, 1862. J. B. Hall has been an elder in the church and superiutendent of the .Sunday-school since its organization. Paradise Church, situated in the northern part of Chapman township, was built by the United Brethren denomination in tiie year 1854. The building committee were Henry Nerhood, George H. Shaffer, Daniel Swartz jiiid Simon F. Herrold. It is a frame build- ing, thirty-five by forty feet, one story liigli. Membership, about seventy. William Reiciien- bach deeded iialf an acre to this churcii for one ilollar. Rev. Eusebius Herschev was tlie first United Brethren preacher in this locality, and the territory he exjilored in 1850, named " Susquehanna Mission," now embraces the three circuits, Susquehanna, Freeburg aud Middleburg. There is an old grave-yard near Abel Her- rold's mill, in Chapman towuship, which con- tains many old, rough stones, marking graves, without any inscriptions. It is known as " Herrold's grave-yard." The Herrolds, Ar- nolds and other inhabitants are interred here. Some of the inscriptions show interments here iu 1810. The oldest inhabitants have no rec- coUection who was first buried here. It is conceded to be at least one hundred years old. It has recently been enlarged and cleared of briars, etc., and it is still used as a burying place. There are several fine tombstones and monuments in it that have been recently erec- ted. m'kee's half falls.' This beautiful little village is situated on the west bank of the Susquehanna River, eight miles above Liverpool aud twelve miles below Selin's Grove. It was the first settlement along the Susquehanna River in what is now Snyder County. The place derived its name from Thomas McKee, an Indian trader, wlio is first mentioned in this region of country in 1744. He was one of the party of traders who dis- covered the body of Jack Armstrong, who was murdered at what is now Mount ITnion. He may have resided at this place at that time, but it is not certainly known. But upon the open- ing of the Land Office, in 1755, he took out a warrant, March 5, 1755, for a large tract of land at the mouth of Mahantango Creek, wiiich extended along the river above and below, em- bracing the Half Falls. An Indian patii ran across his plantation, which was later known as McKee's Path. It extended from Shamokin to the Juniata, and touched the Susquehanna at the moutii of Maiiantango, and crossed westerly to tiie mouth of Delaware Run, near Thomp- sontown. He sold the greater ])art of the tract south of tiie nioutli of tiie creek, July 2(), 17()7, to Jacob Secrist, which later was i)aten- ' By Dr. George B. Weiser. SNYDEK COUNTY. 1551 ted as Secrist's Meadows. The three islands in the river — Shumau's, of one hundred acres ; Hay, of seventy acres ; and Kline, of eighty acres (now Yeager's) — were inclnded in his warrant. Thomas McKee died at the place in 1772.' One hundred and fifty acres of land above the Half Falls tract was sold to Rudolph Siuelzer, August 7, 1766, and returned to Michael Witmer, who had purchased lands also below the mouth of the creek and on which the Weiser mill now stands. It is stated that Peter Shaifer came to the place about 1765, and located for the purpose of hunting and fishing. His stay was not long, as the roaring of the falls prevented him from hearing his " cow bells," and the offensive odor caused by the de- composition of dead shad accumulating along the shore made the place particularly objection- able to this fastidious gentleman. George D. Shafer and Simon Hier, both aged citizens of Chapman township, are his grandsons. Michael Witmer died before 1790. His son John came into possession of the mill property, now in Susquehanna township, Juniata County, and his son Abraham settled permanently upon the north side of the creek, and constructed the stone building situated on the bank of the canal, now au old dilapidated structure. He died about 1835. His remains, with those of his wife, are buried in the small space of ground in the rear of the store-house now occupied by Ulsh & Brandt. Abraham Witmer, of Port Trevorton, is a descendant of Michael Witmer. A sketch of part of the ]\IcKee and Witmer lands will be found in the history of Susque- hanna township, Juniata County. The old stone house was for many years used as a tav- ern, once famous as a stopping-place for raft- men and traders along the river. It was kept 'Two warrants, dated August 12, 1702, were issued to Thomas McKee, and a patent granted to him August 18. 1767, for four hundred and sixty-nine and one-half acres of land, situated in Maiianoy township, Northumberland County, named '' Fellowship." Alexander McKee, admin- istrator of the estate of Thomas McKee, deceased, by an order of the Orphans' Court of Northumberland County, by deed dated September 23, 1773, sold the above tract, " Fellowship," to William Dunbar, of Fort Pitt, etc This land lies opposite McKee's Half Falls, on the east side of the river, and the town of Georgetown is located upon it. in 1812 by George Etzweiler, and during the construction of the Pennsylvania Canal was known as one of the best taverns along the line of the works. It was then kept by Mc- Carty. He \\-as succeeded by Judge Reifsny- der, Glass and John Shoob, the latter now residing in Liverpool. The first store-house was built about the year 1822 by John Walls and Paul Geddes, both of whom are now aged citizens of Lewisburgh, the former having been associate judge of Union County and State Senator. They engaged in the mercantile business for several years, during which time the Pennsylvania Canal was in course of construction. Jonathan Walls after- wards imrchased the store from his brother. Judge John Walls, and continued in business for a period of about twenty years. His suc- cessor was Samuel Young. In the year 1845 Philip Hilbish, the present owner of the brick hotel building and farm adjoining McKee's Half Falls, settled here, built a store-house on the canal and engaged in the mercantile business for a period of five years, when he sold out to Lewis Jacobs, who afterwards appointed assign- ees, and was succeeded by Henry Backus, who came from Middlebiirg and rented both hotel and store of P. Hilbish in 1852. In 1848 Philip Hilbish pin'chased the land at McKee's from the heirs of Abraham Witmer, and several years after built a handsome, capa- cious brick house, which he kept for a hotel for a period of three years, then occupied it as a dwelling-house until 1868, when he changed his residence to Selin's Grove. Ever since the building has been occupied as a hotel. It is extensively patronized by the " traveling peo- ple," and during the warm summer months is converted into a summer resort, for which it is well adapted and patronized. In 1855 the store again changed into the hands of Philip Hilbish and S. & W. C. Thompson. After four years' business the Thompsons sold out their interest to P. Hilbish, who continued the business again for a number of years. In the year 1862, H. M. Freed, now an active merchant of Liverpool, purchased the store of P. Hilbish, continuing business for several vears. Jacob West was his successor 1552 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. for two years, when he died, and Henry W. Shuman, now of Shamokin, took charge of the store for one year. He was sncceeded by E. G. Sheafier, now an enterprising merchant of Ori- ental, who shortly after sold his half-interest to William P. Hilbish, at present an attorney-at- law at Sunbury. They continued in partner- ship for sevei-al years, when the former sold his interest to Mr. Hilbish, who, after several years' business, took in as a partner, in the year 1881, A. H. Ulsh, of Perry County. Subse- quently the firm changed to Ulsh & Brandt, which name it still retains. Between the years 1822 and 1829 there were eleven post-offices in Union County (now com- prising Union and Snyder Counties), and Mc- Kee's Half Falls was one of them. During the spring floods from seven to twelve hundred rafts pass over the falls. This is one of the main points along the river for the raftsmen to tie up for the night and stormy weather. It is the terminus of a " day's" run. The I'ennsylvania Canal runs through the place and aflbrds employment to many of its inhabitants in the village and surrounding country. About forty canal-boats belong to tliis place or level, giving employment to one hundred and twenty men, anil to transport these boats, with their contents, one hundred and twenty mules are required. The principal traffic is coal, shipped from Nanticoke, by the Susquehanna Coal Company, to their wharves at "Ohio Wharf" (the mouth of the Juniata), Columbia, Havre-de-Grace, Baltimore, Phila- delphia and New York, and to intermediate points to supply the local dealers. Tjumber is also boated from Williamsport and Lock Haven, though its transportation is becoming less each year. Railroad ties and bark are boated from here in considerable quantities. Theie are two stores in the place, doing an extensive business. These old "stands" are known all along the river as Rine's store and Hilbish's store. Tlie former is kept by John S. Rine, son of John M. Rine, who was his son's predecessor, and amassed a large fortune in the business, lieing estimated the wealthiest citizen in the county. The latter is kept by Ulsh & Brandt, formerly of Perry County, Pa. These firms buy and ship on an average thirty thousand railroad ties and seven hundred tons of bark annually, and dispose of about two thousand tons of coal per year. This place is the chief centre and outlet for the country lying back of here, including Meiserville, Fremont and Richfield and a densely populated agricul- tural district. The ferry over the Susquehanna at this place connects with Georgetown, Northumberland County, a town on Northern Central Railway, on the opposite side of the stream. It was legally chartered by the commonwealth of Pennsyl- vania in the year 1872, and the exclusive right and privilege for ferrying was granted to Philip Hilbish, formerly of this place, now a resident of Selin's Grove, and Martin K. Bachman, of Georgetown, Northumberland County. Since its existence it has been in successful operation, being the only point having access to the railroad, and passengers desiring to travel by rail must cross over with the ferry to the Northern Cen- tral Railway dejjot at Georgetown. Consider- able live stock — suchassheep, cattle, horses and hogs — are transported across this ferry and taken to the coal regions of Northumberland and Schuylkill Counties. Al)out three hundred and sixty-five tons of merchandise are annually ferried to and from the freight-office of the Northern CJentral Railway at Georgetown, this being the only point by which the various mercantile stores in this and neighboring local- ities receive their merchandise. The surrounding territory is devoted solely to agriculture and stock-raising. Conspicuous amongst those engaged in this pui'suit are J. B. Hall, Geo. S. Rine and J. Kohler Peck, Es(j. The soil along the river is exceedingly fertile, and here can be found some of the finest and most productive farms along the Sus(juchanna Valley. Those particularly worthy of mention are the two farms of J. B. Hall, comprising over four hundred acres in a high state of cul- tivation, who is one of the most enterprising and intelligent farmers of the county; the farm of Jno. M. Rine, containing about two hundred and twenty-five acres of improved land; and that of Philip Hilbish, adjoining iSFcKee's, containing two hundred and fiftv acres in a high state of SNYDEK COUXTY. 1553 cultivation. The products are wiieat, rye, corn, oats, potatoes and tobacco, the latter being cul- tivated in considerai)le ([uantitics the past six years. Scenery. — The village, with its surmnnd- ings, is attractive and noted for its varied and romantic scenery, which, tor its picturesqueuess and grandeur, is nut surpassed along the Sus- quehanna. The river expands into a stream one and a fourth miles wide and is studdetl with several islands, midway in the stream, lying parallel with each other. The water passes over two ledges of primitive rocks, which extend in a continuous chain from either shore and form what are called the " Falls," which have a precipice of about three and a half feet in the first and three feet in the second descent. The chain of rocks abruptly terminate at the island, only to resume their continuity on the east side of the island, to the opposite shore. The f;ills extending over to the island are named after McKee, hence McKee's Half Falls ; those on the opposite or Georgetown side have no name. Mah.\xt.a.xii of Middleljuro;. He also had two daughters : Elizabeth, married to John Gift, the fiither of A. K. Gift, Ks^., of JNIiddleburg. Catharine, married to Dr. Isaac Ziegler, of Rebersburg Centre County. She died in 1884. Adam Kern, son of the original ancestor in this country, owned and occupied a farm in what is now Adams township. The farm was since divided, John M. Mover owning the eastern part, occupied by his son Harriscin, and the western part being owned by D. A. Kern, where Adam Kern died at an advanceil age, and is buried in the old grave-yard near Troxel- ville. Nearly all the descendants of Adam Kern moved to the western States. His sons were Jacob, John and Daniel. Peter Kern lived in Adams township, and was a wagon-maker by trade. SNYDER COUNTY. 1559 Jacob Kern owned and occupied a farm in West Beaver township, one mile east of McClure. The farm was since divided, the eastera part now being owned and occupied by Isaac IMiddleswarth ; while the western part is now owned by Ner B. Middleswarth, the present sheriff of Snyder County. Both Peter and Jacob Kern emigrated to Seneca County, Ohio, about 1833, where they passed the re- mainder of their days. They both accumulated a great deal of real estate. Many of tiieir descendants reside in Seneca County and in Bellevue. Philip Kern had two sons, Reuben and Michael; also three daughters, Rebecca, Susan and Mary. He died in Beaver townshi]i. An incident connected with the early history of the Kerns is as follows : Some time after the death of Johan Yost Kern, one of his sisters, Elizabeth, widow of Miller was still living at Frcischl)ach, (lermany. She wrote to her nephews to send one of their number to Germany to accompany her to the United States, and that in the mean time she would make her last will and testament, bequeathing all of her estate which \\as considerable, to the sons and daugiiters of her brother, Johan Yost. She stated that as her relations in the old country were very distant, and few in number, she wished to live the remainder of her life among her kindred in the United States. Henry, the father of our j)reseut Henry Kern, of Beaver- town, was selected, who, with a power of attorney to collect the legacies in case their aunt should be dead, started upon his voyage to the Fatherland. This power of attorney is still in the bearer's possession, and is dated April 26, 1821. In the fall of 1821 Henry arrived in (iermany. For some cause his aunt, Elizabeth ^liller, was not ready to go, and he returned without her. In 1823 he made a second trip. Siie had then converted all her estate into money, and was ready to go. ilcr money was exchanged for Biljles, Testa- ments and clocks by her nephew. Tlie clocks were mannfartured at Black Forest {Sclurarz irald). Upon their arrival in .Vmerica tiiese articles were sold, and thus was realized (juite an amount of wealth for that day. Many of these clocks are yet in good running order, and at this day have become heir-looms, highly- prized. Upon her arrival Mrs. Miller first lived with her nephew John, on the farm now owned by John S. Smith. John died soon after she came, when she made her home with Adam, and died at his house at an advanced age. She is buried in the old Musser's A'alley grave-yard, near Troxelville. This old ( ici-inan lady had many peculiarities. Where she came from nothiug was wasted. When her nephew John was making clearings, cutting down the pine timber and burning it in log fires, this old lady would often exclaiuj, " It is a sin to so burn this nice wood," or, in her native tongue, es ist eine si'ind das sclione holtz so zu verbrcnen. In 1774 John Smith, the great-grandfather of T. J. Smith, Esq., of ]\Iid(lleburg, came from Lancaster County and purchased the Hopewell tract, of two hundred and eight acres, Iving on the south side of iNIiddle Creek. He erected a cabin, dug a well and planted an orchard. Scarcely had he made these improvements when, on account of the interferencjc of the Indians, he was obliged to return to Lancaster County. Nine years later he again returned to his new home and found his cabin and well in good condition and the orchard in full bloom. This tract was now divided into two farms. From John Smith it passed to his son ({eorge, then to his grand- sous Henry A. and John A., and is now in the possession of his great-graudchildren, T. J. Smith and his sister. Paul Bowersox came to this county from Germany about 1772. He is tlie progenitor of all the Bowersoxes in this section of the State, and is now represented by his great-great-grand- children. He had six sons — Michael, Benjamin, David, John, (icorge and Jacob — and three daughters, each of whom was married to a min- ister of the Gospel. Jacob Walter was born in Germany in 1727, and tiie Walters in this townshij), as well as in the county, are all his descendants. He lived one mile west of ^li(llenmyer, Lutheran; A. B. Casper, T. J. Seiple and L. C. Edmonds, Re- formed. On the 2d day of February, 1873, the church was dedicated. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. H. H. Brunning, visiting pastor of Lutheran Church. Rev. J. C. Bucher, D.D., T. J. Seiple and L. C. Edmonds al-o took part in the dedicatory services. Part of the means to build this church arose from the sale of the tract of land two miles farther west. The church is a very neat one, with basement for Sunday-school and lectures, and an upper story for congregational worship. The seats are well arranged and will accommodate about four hundred persons. The steeple is supplied with a fine-toned bell. Rev. D. M. Stetler is the present Lutheran pastor. His congrega- tion numbers about forty members. The Re- formed jjortiou is very small, without a pastor, and seems to have become extinct. Hassinger's Grave- yard. — This is one of the oldest burial-grounds in this section of the State. It is located to the north and just in the rear of where stood the old log weather-boarded church, built in 1798. From among the ancient head-stones we have taken the following historv : "Henry Hassinger, born 1766, died 1796, aged 30 years." "Jacob Walter, born 1729, died January, 1803. ^Married, July, 1857, to Maria Kauffman." "John Conrad Bobb, born 1740, died 1809." " John Conrad Walter (preacher), born November 30, 1775, in Germany; died August 10, 1819." "Thomas Shipton, born 1753, died 1827." " John Hassinger, born No- vember 14, 1764, died May 12, 1810, aged 45 years, 5 months and 28 days." "Jacob Hass- inger, born August 10, 1762, died November 1, 1821 ; 59 years." "John Frederick Bolender, born May 16, 1761, died January 13, 1832." "John Jacob Steininger, born Februaiy 15, 1765, died October 13, 1847." " Michael" Wit- tenmyer, born December 13, 1772, died July 29,1850." "David Schwenk, Esq., born De- cember 17, 1788, died Januarv 19, 1861." 1568 JUNIATA AND S[TSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Catharine Schwenk, born January 16, 1787, died January 28, 1861." Educational. — Franklin township at pres- ent contains eight school districts, with an at- tendance at the schools of three hundred and fifty pupils. The school property is valued at six thousand dollars. Professor D. S. Boyer, superintendent of schools in 1858, in his notes of that year, says of the .schools, that David Schwenk was one of 3, 1831. He is a son of Conrad Hassinger, who was born September 13, 1794, and died December 14, 1851. His mother's maiden- name was Lucy Ann Snyder, who was born March 23, 1802, and died August 2, 1870. Their remains are interred in the cemetery of Christ's Lutheran Church, one-half mile west of the residence of Mr. Hassinger, and two magnificent tombstones mark their resting- place. John Hassinger, his grandfather, was the early teachers in the school-house near .Jacob Walter's. It was weather-boarded, twenty-two by twenty-four feet. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOHN S. HASSINGER. The subject of this sketch was born in Frank- lin township. Union (now Snyder) County, April born November 14, 1764, and died May 12, ISIO, aged forty-five years. His great-grandmother, whose maiden-name was Catharine Bob, was born November 14, 1769 ; died October 2, 1826, aged fifty-six years. They are botii interred in clo.se proximity in theold cemetery at Hassinger's Church, near the residence of Mr. Hassinger, and their graves are also marked with stones suitable for the times when they departed this life. Mr. Hassinger is the descendant, on both sides, from one of the oldest Ger- SNYDER COUiNTY. 1569 man families in the State, who had settled in Chester and Lancaster Counties as far back as the year 1715. From his boyhood to the age of manhood he attendetl the common schools in his neighborhood during the winter season, and acquired an excellent knowledge of the branches taught. He is an expert penman and accurate in orthography in all his writings. He is the friend and patron of education, and evinces a great interest in the advancement of common schools. The voters of the township in which he has always lived showed their appreciation of his services in the cause of edu- cation by electing him nine years to the impor- tant office of school director. In this office he discharged his duties fearlessly and conscien- tiously. He has filled various offices in the Evangelical Lutheran Church, of which he has always been a consistent member ; a regular at- tendant upon the services of the sanctuary, con- tributing liberally to the benevolent objects of the church and to the support of the Christian ministry. He is a great lover of music, and has led the congregational singing in the church from the age of sixteen years to the present time. He was also a member of the first band that was organized at Middleburg thirty-six years ago, aud by his punctuality and musical zeal assisted in keeping it in operation for a considerable pe- riod of time. The musical aud financial suc- cess of the musical conventions held at Middle- burg by Prof. Sherwin in the winters of 1882 and 1883 were in considerable measure due to his exertions and assistance. Mr. Hassinger married Margaret Louisa Kleckner, a daughter of George Kleckner. They were blessed with four sons, viz. : Millard K. Hassinger, who lives on the homestead with his father, is now president of the board of school directors of Franklin township. He is also a member of the Middleburg Band, which has a wide reputation as a musical organization. Dr. G. Edgar Hassinger, practicing medicine at Middleburg, graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Palmer S. Hassinger, lives at home. Herman H. Hassinger, lives in Bellevue, Ohio. It is a remarkable fact that the four brothers were at one time mem- bers of the Middletowu Band. Mr. Hassin- ger worked on the home farm until his father's death, and superintended it for his mother for the two years following. He then bought the farm, M'here he has resided ever since. He is the third generation that has owned and lived on this farm, and his sons who are living with him are the fourth generation. Having made fai-miug his chief business, everything around his premises indicates good management and success. He is of a sociable and agreeable disposition, "given to hospitality" and visitors at his house always realize that the cordial greetings of ]\Ir. and Mrs. Hassinger are the outcroppings of " good-will to man." CHAPTER XVIII. JACKSON TOWNSaiP.i Befoee Jackson township was reduced to its present limits considerable controversy e.xisted at different periods. The first petition for the erection of this township was presented at May sessions, 1853, of Union County court, signed by citizens of Union, Limestone and Penn townships. The court therefore appointed David Weirick, George Motz and Jonas Harrison, viewers, who, at September sessions, 1853, re- ported as follows : "That in their opinious, it would be inexpedioiit and improper to erect a new township, according to the several boundaries in the order, and therefore re- port against the erection of such town-hip." LTpon the filing of this report, September 10, 1853, another petition was presented, and Hen rv Motz, Samuel Wilson and Abraham Schoch were appointed reviewers, who made report De- cember, 1853, favoring the new township. To this report remonstrances were filed Februaiy 20, 1854, and the report referred back to the same commissioners to report draughts of town- ship. On the 24th Feliruary, 1854, they re- ported with draught of the new township, and named it Jackson. To this report exceptions were filed, but the exceptions were overruled, ' By Horace Alleman. 1570 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. and the report approved and confirmed, the new township to be called Jackson. According to this report the township thus formed had the fol- lowing boundaries : " Beginning at a corner of the township of Union, Limestone and Buftalo ; thence along the division lines dividing Union township and Buffalo, and Union and East Buffalo townships ; thence south to a Run near the house of Andrew Brouse ; thence to stone near the house of John Herman ; thence to a post near Joel Leitzel's house ; thence near George Enger's house ; thence to a pine stump and corner of the townships of Middle Creek and Centre ; thence along the division line dividing Union township and Middle Creek and Union ; thence to Penn's Creek, near Swank's Mill ; thence down the south side of Penn's Creek to a post opposite the corner on the north side of said creek, be- tween the lands of Philip Seebold and Michael Mil- ler; thence to a post near the house of Jacob Spons- ler, Jr.; thence to the place of beginning." In January, 1858, by act of the Legislature, that part of Jackson township which lay in Union County became annexed to Limestone and Union townships of said county. At ^lay sessions, 1829, the public road from Lewisburgh to Seliu's Grove, \\-hieh passes through this township, was reported as laid out. This report was approved May 20, 1829. The commissioners to lay out this road were W. L. Hains, James Davis, Joseph Feehrer and John Snyder. The present pupulation of the town- ship is seven hundred and fifty. Kratzervii.i.e is situated on the public road leading from Seliu's Grove to New Berlin, five miles from either place. It received its name on account of its being built ujion lands once owned by Daniel Kratzer, receiving its name in 1847, at which time there existed a school-house, a Lutheran and Reformed Church, the dwelling-house of Daniel Kratzer, one also of Noah Walter and a store-house erected by Thomas Yearick in 1846. The rebuilding of the old Union Church and the opening of Yearick's store soon induced others to settle at this point and to erect dwell- ings. Thus commenced the town of Kratzer- ville. Before that period the vicinity where now stands the town was sparsely settled, but since then it has steadily grown to its present size and population. Kratzervilie, on account of its central locality from surrounding towns, with roads leading in numerous directions, sur- rounded by an agricultural community, is an important trading point. There is no town ot its size in the county where more farm pro- ducts are received and shipped by its dealers. The population numbers about one hundred. There are now in the place two churches, a number of stores, a school-house and one tav- ern. One of the churches, the Lutheran and German Reformed, is an old and well-estab- lished union congregation. The other church belongs to the Evangelical denomination. This place has had a post-office for a number of years, and is now in the daily receipt of mail. The first post-office was established here in 1846, with Thomas Yearick as postmaster. The succeeding postmasters in the order of their service were as follows: Jacob Slear, Samuel Kreisher, Samuel R. Yearick, John S. Beaver, Henry S. Beaver and the present incumbent, Jefferson Dauberman. During John S. Beaver's term itit\ ^■^^ Mabel Pattie; (-ith), Annie Catharine, born | January 4, 1865, died December 22, 1883; j (5th), John Frederick, born ]\Iarch 9, 1868 ; , (6th), Ida C, born .January 18, 1870; and two children, who died in early youth. [ Our subject was educated in the German and j English schools then flourishing, and at once chose farming as his life-work. By dint of intelligent oversight and experience he made it a success, and by attending closely to the matters properly pertaining to the cultivation of the and costly edifice, located in the centre of Trox- elville, was built under the chairmanship of Mr. Bingman, and completed in 1880. To this worthy work our friend was a most gene- rous giver, his contribution being over one thousand two hundred dollars, while the suc- cess of the work was largely due to his intelli- gent and earnest endeavor. He has borne a large share in furthering education, and was school director for three years; while in any- thing calculated to promote the well-being of 1581 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. his family and fellow-man, he has never hesi- tated to join. He was one of the organizers of the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, and was interested in that road until its absorption by the Pennsylvania Railroad system. In 1872, when the question of establishing a bank at Mifflinburg was broached, he at once took position in its favor, and upon its organ- ization, in June of that year, he was elected director, which position he still retains. Polit- ically, he has always been identified with the present dominant party, the Democratic. Now in the middle of life, he is healthy and happy, and surrounded by loving children and warm friends, spends his days quietly and in doing all the good which lay in his power, i. e., the power of a hearty, whole-souled Christian man. JOHN GUSTAVUS MOVER, ESQ. Some years before the Revolutionary "War there came to this country from Germany a family bearing the name of Meyer, which settled in Berks County, Pa., and began to manifest an interest in the new country by taking up a large tract of farm land and early putting it into proper condition. Of this race, Jacob was the first to leave Berks County for what is now called Snyder County, and shortly after settling in Musser's Valley, he built the orist-mill three miles east of Troxelville, Adams township, now Snyder County, since known as Meyer's Mill, and still in active operation. He carried on the milling business, and on the con- siderable section of land which he purchased he erected a log tannery and operated both mill and tannery until the end of his days, which occurred about 1853. He found time to attend to the duties of various public offices and was considered one of the most valuable men of his day. His wife, Christina, bore him sixteen children, one of whom was John, born Febru- ary 10, 1802. During his early manhood John Meyer drove team with merchandise between Musser's Valley and Philadelphia for nine vears, long before railroads were thought of He afterwards engaged in the tanning business, and enjoyed a large and widely-distributed con- nection throughout Central Pennsylvania until 1875, when he sold out to his son, J. J. S. Moyer, now a resident of Salem, Oregon, and retired. Always imbued with the desire to see public affairs properly managed, he ft-equently suffered his private matters to become secondary to the weal of his fellow-citizens, and accepted office in furtherance of such wish. He acted as school director, supervisor, etc., many years, and his loss was much felt when death came, June 19, 1885. About the year 1850 the family name was changed to Mover by common consent of the members. John Moyer married Miss Catharine Bingmau (who was born June 25, 1808), and the fruit of such union was eleven children, of whom the subject of our sketch is the youngest. Snyder County mountain fastnesses have ever afforded safe retreat to the savage bear and timid deer, and scores of the hardy men raised within the limits of its territory have attained renown as hunters, while several others have found their fate at the hands of a mistaken comrade while out seeking game. Of the lat- ter was Henry Swartz, shot by Jacob Thomas under the idea that he was aiming at a bear. The unfortunate marksman still lives at the age of eighty-eight. The brother of the victim, Daniel Swartz, was a farmer, and his sons num- bered four, Elias R. being the youngest. The latter married Miss Christina Bingman, who bore him twelve children, six of either sex, one of whom. Miss Maggie J. Swartz, a relative of old Squire George Swartz, one of the most noted and respected justices of Central Pennsyl- vania, was united in marriage, on May 3, 1873, to J. G. Moyer, at Troxelville, by Rev. W. R. Wieand. This union has been blessed as fol- lows: Perie Pruelle, born October 18, 1874; Victoria May, born April 12, 187(5 ; Franklin Guy, born January 13, 1878, died June 15, 1881. Our subject was educated at the Union Semi- nary, New Berlin, and on the completion of his studies, in 1868, began a business career as clerk for Captain G. H. Hasseuplug, in Musser's Val- ley, where he remained nearly three years, and then formed a copartnersiiip for the purpose of carrying on a general store business, under style of Moyer & Swartz, at Troxelville. Tliis ven- SNYDER COUNTY. 1585 ture proved successful, and in 1873 he bought j out the interest of Mr. Swartz, and built up such a large trade as in 1875 made it advisable for him to put up the handsome two-and-a-half story brick block which now adorns the little , mountain village where our friend exercises the i functions of postmaster, to which position he, though of Democratic faith, was appointed by i D. ^I. Key, Postmaster-General under President I Hayes, in 1878, in which year he retired from sylvania. New Jersey and Connecticut, one day's shipments reaching as high as forty-seven thou- sand feet. Mr. Meyer is therefore a consider- able employer of labor in his own and adjoining counties, and distributes large sums of money in his various enterprises. Notwithstanding the pressure of his business affairs, Mr. Moyer has taken time to serve the people of his township as auditor, etc., and always to their satisfaction and benefit. On March 30, 1880, he was com- ^^ ^^•'''^^^^^-^^ >^---i^^ m 1^7- store trade to enter partnership with Mr. Wm. B. Baum, of New Berlin, in various lumbering operations. This firm owns large tracts of timber land in Snyder and Mifflin Counties, and has had running at one time eight saw-mills at different points on the Sunbury and Lewis- town Railroad. They manufacture largely of lumber (hard and soft woods), railroad ties, etc., and have made a heavy and valuable clientage, shipping to points throughout New York, Penn- 100 missioned justice of peace, and having been re-elected on expiration of his term, still fills such position. 'Squire Moyer and his wife have been associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church a number of years, and when the question of a new edifice was broached, he was made one of the building committee, and be- came its secretary and treasurer. Through the earnest and intelligent efforts of this commit- 1586 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA tee, in which the 'squire was noticeably vahi- able in obtaining subscriptions from Philadel- phia brethren and Ario Pardee, of Hazleton, Pa., the present commodious and handsome structure, St. Luke's, at Troxelville, was built and consecrated in 1880. Though still young in years, the progressive active subject of our sketch enjoys the cordial esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens, and we may hope the future years will discover to him larger rewards than have yet been attained. CHAPTER XXII. SPRING TOWNSHIP. At the Court of Quarter Sessions for Snyder County, held at Middleburg on September 23, 1884, the inhabitants of the townships of Beaver, West Beaver and Adams presented a petition, indicating a number of reasons why a township should be erected out of parts of the townships mentioned, and asked the court to appoint viewers to run appropriate division lines. Whereupon the court appointed William Moyer, of Freeburg, John Fields, of Middle Creek and S. S. Schoch, of Middleburg, as viewers. After having performed the duties mentioned in their appointment, they made re- port to the court in December, 1884, setting forth that they inquired into the propriety of erecting the proposed townsliip, and, having found it to be expedient, they proceeded to run the exterior lines of it. At the February sessions, in 1885, the report was confirmed, and the question of erecting the township was submitted by the court to the qualified voters of Beaver township, and to the voters of Adams and West Beaver residing within the proposed limits, as reported by the viewers. The election was held April 18, 1885, and resulted in two hundred and eighty-seven votes for formation of a new township and sev- enty-one against it. On May 25, 1885, the court decreed the new township erected and named it " Spring." ADAMSBURG. This village was formerly in the western part of Beaver township. It is about one and one- half miles north of Shade Mountain, and two miles west of Beavertown, on the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad. The population is about one hundred and twenty-five. The post-office address is Beaver Springs. The town was laid out by Adam Reger in 1806, and for many years called Regerstown. Adam Reger was a native of Germany, and was born October 1 1 , 1749; he died March 17, 1826, and was buried in the old grave-yard of the place, by the side of his wife. Of his descendants there is no in- formation, as they moved from this section. The first merchant and hotel-keeper was Henry Mick, who continusd the dual business until the time of his death, in 1835. For some years after his death the business was conducted by his widow, who was well-known by the famil- iar name of "Mother Mick." About 1835, Joseph Sampsel .started a hotel, and Paul Bogar a store. This store was subsequently kept by Captain Jacob Smith, a man named Miller, Miller & Oberdorf, Major Henry Smith and Adam Smith, John Bickel, AVilliam Rushon (who was elected prothonotary of Union Coun- ty in 1841), Reuben Keller (who served one term in the State Senate) and Benjamin L. Raudenbush. Other merchants of this town were Daniel Smith, Houser & Dreese, Houser & Greenhoe, Manbeck & Smith, succeeded by the firm of Helfrich & Smith, who are at pres- ent in business. A. S. Helfrich, of this firm, served one term as treasurer of Snyder Coun- ty, and his partner, George Smith, as mercan- tile appraiser. Both are energetic business- men. The Raudenbush store, after the death of Mr. Raudenbush, was kept by Romig & Aurand, followed by H. J. Romig. The taxable inhabitants of the town, in 1814, were Adam Frink (carpenter), John Reger (cooper), John Mick, John Grimm, Henry Grimm, .Jacob Lowmiller, John Shilling, John lerly, Jacob Gill, George Mar- kle, Sr., Jacob Kern, Daniel Wagner, Michael Rigle, William Lehr, Michael Kline, Dewalt Stininger, Philip Eberhart, George Grimm, Jacob Rigle, George Mick, John Marshall, Michael Valentine, Jacob Herbs ter. 1817. Additional names: Samuel Aurand, Simon Aigler, Jesse Anderson, David Everhard, Peter Freese, SNYDER COUNTY. 1587 William Glass (blacksmith), Jacob Hassinger, John Heim, Christian Mourer, Henry Mick (store and tav- ern-keeper), John Price, Jr., Adam Reger, Adam Eeichelderfer. 1823. Additional names : Adam Youngman, Jacob Howell, John Kraft, Joseph Sampsel (hatter), Yost Wagner, Michael Valentine, Frederick Stein, Thom- as Youngman (carpenter, justice of the peace in 1835), John Hall (carpenter). 1826. Additional names: John Boush (laborer), John Grate (shoemaker), George Wittenmyer (shoe- maker). 1829. Additional names : Peter Bistel (tailor), Jacob Grimm, Joseph Long (gunsmith), John Sailor, John Hoffman (chair-maker), John Bartchess (saddler). 1832. Additional names: Henry Bosler (minister, German Reformed), Jacob S. Smith (store), Isaac Rothrock (physician, elected to State Legislature in 1866), William Saltzman (tailor), Benjamin Bower- sox, George Mertz (shoemaker). 1835. Additional names : William Snyder (inn- keeper), Henry Mitchel (tinker), Henry Young (school-teacher). The Lutheran axd Reformed Church. — The exact date of the building of the first church in Adamsburg is unknown, but must have been about the time Rev. J. Conrad AVal- ter began his labors here, which was in 1807. Rev. Walter preached for the Lutheran congre- gation here for twelve years, until his death, August 11, 1819. He was succeeded by Rev. J. P. Shindel, Sr., of Sunbury, as a supply for nearly one year, when Rev. J. W. Schmidt was called, and served seven years. Rev. Schmidt was succeeded by Rev. William German, who also preached about seven j^ears, and resigned. In 1838, Rev. J. P. Shindel, Jr., took charge of the congregation. The house was then old and dilapidated, and the repairing and remod- eling which was necessary was done in 1839. The old building was iLsed May 28, 1855, when the corner-stone of a new building was laid. Revs. Kiefer and Casper officiated on this occa- sion. On the 4th of November, 1856, the church was dedicated. ' Revs. A. B. Casper and Hackman, of the Re- formed, and Rev. J. P. Shindel, of the Lu- theran Church, were present, participating in the exercises. The second church building, like the first, was built of logs, weather-boarded and painted white. The first building was two stories with a gallery on three sides. The sec- ond building was one-story, with a gallery at one end for the choir and organ. The seats were so arranged as to accommodate about three hundred and fifty persons. The cupola was furnished with a fine-toned bell. Of the Lutheran ministers. Rev. Richard Lazarus suc- ceeded Rev. Shindel, and he was succeeded by Rev. John Kenipfer, who died at Adamsburg in 1880, aged seventy-nine years. Then Rev. W. R. Wieand was called and served a number of years, and was succeeded by the Rev. M. L. Deitzler. The next pastor was Rev. H. A. Letterman, who is still serving. Under Rev. Wieand's pastorate a new church was built. ■St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church was built in 1878, is of brick, and cost five thousand and five hundred dollars. Christ's Reformed Church. — The first organization eifected of this denomination in the county was in 1790, by the Rev. Mr. Geistweit. It was named the St. John's Ger- man Reformed Church, and out of it all the congregations of Snyder County have been formed. The congregations in the western part of the county have long been known as the " Beaver Charge," and contain four congre- gations,— Adamsburg, St. John's, Troxelville and Beavertown, all of which are now in charge of the Rev. W. M. Landis, who resides at Adamsburg. An account of the church build- ing will be found in the sketch of the Lutheran congregation, which was united with this con- gregation in the ownership of the church prop- erty. In 1880 the Lutherans sold their in- terest to the Reformed congregation, which continued there until the winter of 1884-85, when the house was sold to the Major William H. Byers Post, No. 384, G. A. R., who have converted it into a hall. The congregation iu 1884 resolved to build a church, which was begun, and on Christmas Day, 1885, services were held in the chapel. It is intended to com- plete the audience-room during the summer of 1886. The pastors who succeeded the Rev. Mr. Geistweit were as follows : the Revs. Adams, Isaac Gerhart, John Felix, D. Weiser, H. S. Bassler, 1830 to 1843; F. Herman, John Hoff- heim, A. B. Caspar, W. G. Hackman, G. W. 1588 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Shultz, L. C. Edmonds, 1863 to 1876; A. Romig, 1876 to 1880 ; L. C Edmonds, 1880 to 1883, and in the foil of the latter year the present pastor, the Rev. W. JNI. Landis was called, and is still the pastor. Adamsburg has a good school building, also a neat and comfortable depot at the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad. The firm of Bucher, Rooke & Co. have built a railroad from the Sunbury and Lewistown road to their valuable ore mines, and are thus enabled to load their cars at the mines. There are several fine springs at the place, which is the origin of the name Beaver Springs Post-office. In close proximity are valuable deposits of iron ore, which give to the place very encouraging prospects for the future. Grand Army Post. — Major William H. Byers Post, No. 384, Department of Pennsyl- vania, G. A. R., was named in honor of com- rade William H. Byers, a member of company I, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, who, at the organization of the company, was chosen First Lieutenant, in February, 1864. The Post was mustered by comrade Joseph A. Lum- bard, of Captain C. S. Davis Post, assisted by comrade Benner, of Lieutenant Benjamin Ben- fert Post, October 12, 1883, with the following- named charter members : Dr. A. M. Smith, Samuel Werner, William J. Klose, Henry H. Laub, Sr., James F. Keller, L. R. Haines, Samuel J. Gundrum, Isaac Getz, William H. Ewing, Joseph Schrefiler, Philip Zong, L. J. Manbeck, Lewis Ranch, Daniel Riegel and David Bi'own. The following-named comrades were installed as officers of the post : Samuel Werner, P. C. ; W. J. Klose, S. V. C. ; Henry H. Laub, Sr., J. V. C. ; James F. Keller, Adjt. ; Samuel J. Gum- drum, Q. M. ; Isaac Getz, Surg. ; L. R. Haines, Chap. ; A. M. Smith, O. D. ; William H. Ew- ing, O. G. ; Philip Zong, Q,. M. S. ; Joseph Schreffler, Sergt. Maj. The Adamsburg Cornet Band was organ- ized in February, 1881, under a constitution framed by Dr. J. O. Wagner, with the follow- ing-named members : J. C. Specht, Phares Romig, R. R. Long, W. P. Gross, J. C. Scham- bach, Albright Dreese, Ephraim Romig, James Dreese, William Youugman, Robert Dreese, R. B. Fessler, N. Friberger, David Getz, James Vetzel. J. C. Specht was the first leader. In 1884 W. H. Mitchell was elected leader, and has remained such to the present. JOSEPH HASSINGER. Snyder County, as now limited, was first set- tled by the thrifty Pennsylvania Germans from Lehigh and Berks Counties, and of those families one bore the name which heads this sketch, settling in the Middle Creek Valley, then Union County, some few years before the breaking out of the Revolution. In this family were a large number of children, including Daniel, George, Abraham, Conrad, Jacob, John, Philip, Esther, et. al. Over one thousand acres of land were taken up by the father. Daniel married Maria Walter, and the children were named Susan, Elizabeth, Catharine, Wil- helmina, Eve and Daniel. The father of Daniel, first named, foreseeing the certain im- provement of the then young settlement, built u grist-mill on the Middle Creek, about two miles northeast from Beavertown, and his son Daniel carried on the business of milling until his death, about 1825. The original mill was found too small for the growing business, and on two occasions it became necessary to rebuild, and the structure which now stands upon the site first selected was put up in 1851, and still remains in good working order in the hands of one of the grandchildren of the founder. The second Dauiel was born in 1791, and succeeded to the business as soon as qualified to take charge of it. He married Christina Aigler, and the union resulted in the birth of nine children — Dauiel, Joseph, Leah, Christina, Lydia, Rachel, Elizabeth, Aaron, Harriet. About the year 1825 Daniel Hassinger erected another building for grist-mill purposes — this time on the Swift Run, a tributary stream of the Middle Creek, fed by mountain springs and furnishing abundant power throughout the year. This mill is located two and a half miles north from Adamsburgh and two miles south of Troxelville, and enjoys a good field of terri- tory. The first few years the building was SNYDER COUNTY. 1589 rented out ; but, ou Joseph reaching a proper age, he was placed in charge of it, and has ever since continued it in operation. On ]March 2, 1815, Joseph Hassiuger first saw the light of day, and, at an early age, was placed in the mill of his father to learn its practical work- ings. In 1849 it became ad visible to rebuild, and the present commodious mill, with three runs of stone, was erected. On January 11, 1835, Joseph Hassinger married Sophia Klose, born May 29, 1835; married first, Nancy, Maurer, and had Daniel A., Joseph and Sarah J. (married John Spigelmyer and has one child) ; second, Eve Maurer, and has Charles, Perry, Jacob, James, Ida, Reuben W. (2) J. Henry, born December 3, 1836, married Matilda Hel- frich and has four children — Elizabeth, Mary, Perry and Jane. Elizabeth married Peter Riegel and has one child. Mary married Ros- well Krick and has one child — ilaggie. (3) who was born in Centre township August 20, 1813. Jacob Klose was a resident of this county, and among his children were Solomon, Daniel and Jacob. His wife's name was Catherine Trout- man. Solomon married Sophia Gift, and the family always followed farming. They had twelve children — Sarah, Barbara, Sophia, Polly, Leah, Rebecca, Amelia, Lydia, ilelinda, Jacob, Reuben and one who died unnamed. Of these, Sophia married Mr. Hassiuger, as above stated, and bore him ten children, as follows : (1) Aaron, Leah Sarah, born January 19, 1839, married Henry Aurand and has three children — George A., Servatius and Reuben William. (4) Lydia, born July 30, 1841, married Robert Mid- dleswarth and has two children, — Abraham I David, married Sarah Herbster and has one child, Naomi ; Jennette, married Henry Fet- terolf. (5) Joel Daniel, born July 27,1843; married Sibilla Norman and has four children — John, Mary, Annie, Carrie. (6) Abraham 1 Jacob, born August 21, 1845, married Lydia McLennan and has five children — Ira Joseph, 1590 JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Robert B., James, Charles, Carrie S. (7) Reuben Frederick, born June 30, 1849. (8) Sophia Catharine, born December 19, 1851, married Emanuel Snook and has five children — Ferry, Annie, John, Charles and Carrie. (9) William Solomon, born June 22, 1854, married Ellen A. Kantz and died December 28, 1883. (10) Christina Amanda, born June 22, 1854, mar- ried John D. Dreese and has one child — Ida May. Mr. Hassinger has given his children a lib- eral education, and his seventh child, educated at Wittenberg College, Springfield, O., and at the theological seminary also located there, was or- dained, in August, 1879, a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and is now a member of the Kansas Synod, — Rev. R. F. Hassinger. Mr. Joseph Hassinger, served the people as school director some years, and was at one time elder in his church — the St. Jacob's Lutheran, at Troxelville. In political prefer- ence he is an ardent Republican. INDEX. Academy, Mitlliiituwii, 712, 13G7. Academy, Airy View, SU5. Academy, New Bloomtield, 948. Academy, Blouut Dempsoy, 984. Academy, Markelsville, llOl. Adams', Mrs., letters, 90. Adams, \Villiam C, 688. Adams, lion. L. C, G89. Adams Township, 15S0 ; erection of, 1580; Troxelville, 158n ; Union Church, 1581 ; Musser's Valley Chmxh, 1081 ; Kintzler murder, 1582. Adamsburg, 158G ; laid out, 1580 ; taxable in- habitants in 1814, 1580 ; Lutheran Church, 1587 ; Christ's Reformed Church,|1587 ; Grand Army Post, 1588 ; Cornet Band, 1588. Albright, Hon. Andrew, 1250. Alexander, Joseph, 4G9. Alexander, Samuel Lewis, M.D., 487. Alexander, John, 544. Alexander, James, 019. AUenvillc, 0^0. Allison, William M., 088. Allen, Slater W., OUO. Allen, Dr. David L., G98. Allison, Eev. Matthew, 717. Alexander faujily, 1010. Albright, George, 114:i. Alleman, Horace, 1439. Alleman, Samuel, 1432. American Mechanics, Uniti-d Order of: Pal- terson Council, Nn. 20(1, 720; No. 350, of Thomi>soutowu, 878 ; No. 153, of Thompson- town, 878 ; William Penn Council, No. 110, of Mai-ysville, 1O05 ; Perry Council, of Dun- cannon, 1081. Anderson, William, 798. Audei-sonburg, lOH). Andesville, 975. Anderson family, 1010, 1020. Antes, Colonel, Henry,"105. Armstrong, Dr. John, 918. Arnold, John H., 1438. Ard, Dr. Joseph B., 475. Arms, Charles J., 471. Armstrong's murder by ludiant-, 55. Armstrong, Colonel, 73. Armstrong family, 918. Armagh Township ; description, 551 ; Jissesrjor's list, 1773, 551 ; early suttlers and Indians, 553 ; churches, 550-559 ; I'erryville aud Mil- roy, 500; churches of Milroy, 5C1-564 ; Sig- lervillo, .564 ; churches and schools, 5G4r-571 ; post-offices, 571 ; mills and other industries, 571-574 ; justices of the peace, 574 ; fossil re- mains, 574 ; biograi>hical, 574-579. America, Patriotic Order Sous of ; Washington Camp, No. 218, of Marysvillc, 10G5. Association, Young Men's Christian, uf Lowis- burgh, 1280. Association, Mittiin County Fair, 526. Assjciation, Odd-Fellows' Hall, 726. Association, Veterans' Kounion, of Juniata County, 700. Association, Buffalo Valley Farmei-s' Mutual Fu:o, 1238. Association, Riverside Park and Agricultural, 099. Atkinson's Mills, 587. Atkinson, Hon. Louis E., 089, 097. Augustii, Fort, 105. Aurand family, 1310. B. Backus, Dr. S. S., 14-4.5. Backus, Dr. William II.. 1449. I3aker, Hon. Jolm A., 901. Ualiei', J. Thompson, 1223. Banks: People's, Newport, 1125 ; Juniata Val- h^y Branch, 1125; Juniata Valley, 7-'l ; Un- ion National. 1204 ; Mitllinburg, 1375 ; Port Uoyal Branch, 8(H ; First Natinnal of Mif- tlinburg, 1375; Farmers' uf Millerstown, 1112. Biinks, Dr. Lucien, 097. ISanks" itecullections, 96. Banks, David, 82:t. IJatiks family, Sl;4. Itjinks, Ephraim. 467. * Uarru-lt, llun. Clunk's A., 682, 910. Bai"rett, Hon George II.. 1213. Barber^ Robert B., 1204. Uarnrtt family, 1072, 1U8G. Burner, Jacob, 1112. Barber, Dr. I. Grier, 1450. iSashor, Michael J., 1333. lJa*;kins family, 1060. Baskins, William, 55 (note). Itaxter family, 970. Beaver Township, 1504; erection of, 1.5ii5; in- habitants of in 1780,1794 and 1799,1505; Kline family, 1505; early settlers and mills, 1500; assessment, 1814-155, 1597; Beaver- town, 1508; schools, 1511. Bcavert<»wn, Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 1.509; societies, 1510; churches: Luthenin, 1510; Reformed, 1511; Evangelical, 1511; schools, 1511. Beavertown, 742, 1508." Beavertown, 1508; laid out, 1508; inliiihitanLs in 1814, 1508. Beale Township: erected, 782; bt'undaries, 782 ; early settlers, 782 ; an old title, 782 ; Doyle's mills, 785; Johnstown, 785; Wal- nut, 785 ; Innis family captivity, 787 ; Lower Tiiscarora Presbyterian Church, 788; pub- lic,(schools789; Tuscarora Academy, 790; In- dian mound aud fort, 790 ; the old fort field, 791 ; a mastodon, 791. Beale's Mills, 742. Beale, Jerman Walker, M.D., 694. Beale family, 783. Beale, William, 742. Beale, Edward Jlurrisou, 1224. Beard, John Adams, 1218. Beatty, Rev. Charles, 79. Beaver, George, 1139. Beaver, Thomas, 1320. Beck, Dr. Samuel L., 1227. Beidler, Jacob, 030. Bechtel's Tannery, 1128. Bell, General William, G80. Belleville, 025. Benedict, Eliphalet Lucian, 467. Berry, Benjamin, M.D., 484. Bergstresser, Captain John, 131. Beshler, Dr. H. C, 1446. Beyer, Dr. Charles, 1227. Bell, John, 056. Bibighous, Dr. Thonuis J., 1452. BibighouB, Dr. John, 1445. Bigliam's Fort, 748. Bigham's Gap, 743. Bigelow, Dr. Eliphaz, 485. Bigelow, Dr. William G., 4S5. Bigelow, Dr. E!ii)haz C, 486. Bigelow, Dr. Brown A., 486. Bill of seal from Scoot, 785. Bingmau, Jacob, 1582. Bixler family, 1010. Black family, 1108. Black, John, 1248. Bhu-k, James, 1247. Black Log, 737. Blain family, 998. Blair, Dr. Samuel, 1229. Bluejacket, 747. BIythe, Hon. Calvin, 679. Board of Trade, the Lewisburgh, 1255. Bonsall family, 1136. Book, Dr. B. F., 099. Book, Dr. B., 490. Boone, Fort, 105. Boone, CapUiin Hawkins, liH. Bouquet, Colonel, 7S8. Bordner, Dr. H. H., 1455. Boldorf, George A., 089, 1439. Botany, 24, 25. Bower, Dr. Charles, 480. Bower, Frederick E., 14-11. Bovard family, lllOO. Box hucklebeiTy, 1088. Boyd family, 1048. 1591 1592 INDEX. Boyer, Samuel J., M.0., 401. Boyer, Dr. P. A., 1459. Boyer, Daniel S., 1464. Boynton, Wliartuii, Morgan & Co., 8G5. Bnuly, Lieuiouiuit Saniui,'!, in War of 1812, 125. Brady, John, 124'.i. Brady, Captain Joliii, lul. Brady, James and Joliii, death uf, 109. Brady, Fort, 105. Brady, Samuel, 99. Bradley & Dull, Sand-worke, 578. Bratton, Captain Andrew, 124. Bratton, Andi-ew, 613. Bratton, Captain ■Willium, 97. Bratton Township : detscription of, G13 ; first lo- cation, 613; Andrew Bratton, 013; early eettlera, 613-016 ; scliools, 010 ; justices vT the peace, 016. Braddock's defeat, 43. Bridge Co., 507. Bridge at Port Royal, 7S0. Briner family, 1001. Brown & Benjamin, 100. Brown, William C., Hl!> (notL'). Brown, John, Sr., 1213. Brown family, 1099. Brown, John, 1386. Brown, General, in M'ur of 1812, 125. Brown, Captain Samuel II., 358-359. Brouglit, David, 650. Brookland Furnace, 598. Brown Township: Erection of, 038 ; mills, still- house and tann(a'ioB, 038 ; Mann's axe- factory, 039; stiU-liouses, G40 ; early set- tlers, 640 ; capture of the Wilsons by In- dians, 041 ; churches, ■ 042 ; justices of the peace, 042 ; Kishacoquillas Seminary, 042 ; Reedsville, 643 ; Methodist Church, Eeeds- ville, 044 ; biographical, 644, 645. Brundage, Dr. Charles, 1231. Brubaker, Dr. J. L., 918. Brugger, Dr. Ignatius, 1230. Brubaker, Dr. David M., 1231. Bryson, Samuel, 702, Bryson, Dr. John, 091. Bucher, Judge Joseph C, 405, 1191, 1424. Bucher, Rev. Theodore P., 9-JO. Bucke, Dr. Henry, 917. Buck, Dr., 474. Bull, William, llOS. Bull, Colonel Robert, death of, liiO. BuQhlo 31ills, l-i08. Buffalo Township, Perry County : fortiiatiou, 1142; Buckets Valley, 1142; Girty's Notch, 1142; Hunter's Valley, 1143; first suttlei-s, 1143 ; Montgomery's Feny, 1144 ; aHSoss- nientB, 114'! ; educational, 1144. Buffalo Township, Union County: early sel- tlcrfi, 1^92 ; IJutfalo Cross-Uoads, 1294; Cow- an, 1295; Vicksburg, 1290; schools, 1298; churches, 1298. Burchfield, B. K, 080. Biirchfiold, Lewis, 771. Burchfield family, 882. Buriiside, Hon. Thomas, 404, 079. Burns, Geueiul James, 528. Burg, Dr. Simon Wesley, 1234. Buyers, Captain William F., 131. Byore family, 1014. Cady & Miller, KlO. Calder & Wilson, 706. Caldwell, Captain, 132. Campbell, Andrew W., 022. Cameron, William, 1200. Cajupbell, Robert, 70*J. Camp-meeting, First Metbutlist, in Juniata County, 786. Canteron, William, Jr., 1217. Canals: Pennsylvania, 429, 437 ; Juniata, 437 ; First boat, 438 ; packet-boat "Juniata," 43S ; packet lines, 438, 1250 ; Cross-cut, 439 ; sale of canals, 439. Candoi', David, 409. Carroll Township : erection ot, 10-16 ; early lo- cations, 1047 ; Shormansdale, 1052 ; churches, 1052 ; schools, 1055. Case, Dr. James H., 919. Casper, Kev. A. B., 1233. Castle family, 891. Caveny, Mrs. Hannah, 884. Cemeteries (see name of churches to which at- tached, or references under boroughs and towui^hip headings). Centre Township, 1518 ; erection of, 1518 ; early settlers and industries, 1519 ; promi- nent citizens, 1520 ; early business mrti, 1520 ; names of taxables in 1814, 1520 ; edu- cational, 1522. Centreville, 1521 ; Colonel George Weirick, 1521 ; Lutheran, Reformed and Evangelical Associations United Brethren and Zion's Churches, 1521. Central Manufacturing Company, 1209. Census, Union County, 1183. Centre, 1009. Centreville, Juniuta County, 804. Centre Township, Perry County : erection of, 10S3 ; taxation, 1083 ; early setteinents, 1083 ; furnaces, 1090 ; Maniiville, 1090 ; schools, 1090. Cesna family, 1024. Cever, John, 049. Chapman Township, 1547 ; erection of, 1549 ; Shaniory, Rine and Brittiiin fatuilies, 1549 ; Grubb's Church (Lutheran and Reformed), 1549 ; Trinity Church (United Brethren and Methodist), 1550 ; Ziun's Lutheran Church, 1550 ; Paradise Church, 1550 ; Cemetery, 155U ; McKee's Half Falls, 1551 ; Half Falls Ferry, 1552 ; Mabantango Creek Bridge, 1553 ; Independence, 1553 ; mills and dialil- leriee, 1553 ; schools, 1554. Chamberlain, Wm., 1334. Chambers, D. C, 687. Chapman, Seth, 1187. Charlton, Dr. James, 1233. Christy, Jacob A., 685. Christianity, early, 80-83. CHUllCltES. Methodist Fpiscopa! ; Fii-^t Suci^'ly of Luwis- town, 520 Firet African, Lewistowu, 523 ; Second African,, Lewiatown, 523 ; Dry Valley, 538 ; in Milroy, 502 ; at Laurel Run, 563 ; of Newton Hamilton, 590 ; of Mc- Veytown, 610 ; of Allonvillo, 637 ; Mountain Chapel, Ilrown township, 642 ; in Rfeds- ville, 014 ; Wesley Cbaput, Granville town- ship, 053 ; Gruber Clnipel, Granville town- ship, 053 ; at Wagner, 059 ; the Louver, oi- Albright, 659 ; of Lewisti)wn, 719 ; at Lack, 737 ; at Waterloo, 737; of Waterford, 745 ; of McCoysville, 740; of Port Royal, 804 ; Pino Grove Church, of Jericho, 832; Methodist Pro- testant, of Carroll townshii), 1055; ofEastSa- lem, 874 ; of Thompsuntown, 876; of New Bloomfield, 950 ; of Loysville, 978 ; of Lan- ihwhurg, 985 ; of Now Germautown, 9'.i2 ; the Fairviow Church, 992 ; Horae Valley Church, 992 ; of Blain, 1007 ; Emory Chapel, of Madison township, 1027 ; of Ickesburg, 1042 ; of Carroll township, 1055 ; of Marys- ville, 1004 ; of Duncannon borough, 1077 ; Penuell's Church, 107S ; Duncan Island, 1(178; of Wheatfield township, 1(196; Pen- uell's, of Wheatfield township, ln96 ; of Liverpool borough, 1117 ; of Newport bor- ough, 1124; of Millei-stown, 1141 ; of New Buffalo, 1109 ;of Lewisburgh, 1275 ; of New Cuhnnbia, 1347 ; of Milllinburg, 1371 ; of Hartley township, 1388 ; of Selin's Grove borough, 1474 ; of Chapman township, 15511; of Monroe township, 1578; of New Berlin township, 1411. Piesbyterian : General remarks upon, 512 First, at Lewistowu, 514 ; Little Valley, 537; East Kishacorpiillas and Dry Valley, 537, 550; of IVlilroy, 501 ; of Siglervllle, 504 ; of New- ton Hamilton, 589 ; of McVeytowu, 608-010 ; of Allenville, 030 ; Centre Church, Brown townsliip, 042 ; church of Granville town- ship, 652^053 ; at Strode Mills, 653 ; of Little Valley, 658 ; of IMilllintown. 712 ; of Lack township, 737 ; of Waterfi.rd, 745 ; of Mc- Coysville, 747; Lower Tuscarora, 788; of IVrryville, 8(»3; Lost Creek Church, 840; of Mexico, 802 ; of Thompson town, 870 ; of New Bloomfield, 950 ; of Loysville, 978 ; of Landis- burg, 984; of Blain, 1005; of Madison twp., 1025 ; of Saville town!>liip, 1042 ; of Sher- mansdale,1052 ; of Duncannon borough, 1070; Middle Ridge, 1102; pf Newport borough, 1124 ; of Dick's Gap, 1133 ; of Millei-stown, 1140; of Watts township, 1107: of Lewis- burgh, 1271; at Buffalo Cross-Roads, 1298 ; in White Deer township, 1347; of Milllin- burg, 1373 ; of Hartley townshij), 13s7 ; of Hartleton, 1398 ; in New Berlin, 141(1 ; of Gregg townsliip, 1420. Reformed Church in Adams township, 1581 ; iu Beavertown, 1511 ; in Centreville, 1521 ; in Perry township, 1523 ; in Selin's Grove bor- ough, 1473 ; iu Uniou township, 1575 ; in Freeburg, 1535 ; in Franklin townshii), 1506 ; in Washington township, 1532 ; in West Beaver township, 1515 ; in Middleburg bor- ough, 1491 ; in Middle Creek township, 1556 ; inPenn township. 1504 ; atSoi-ailoville, 05S ; Samuel's Church, 058 ; at Liniiiger, 893 ; of Duncaunon borough, 1080 ; of Buf- falo township, 1302; Lewis township, 1400; New Berlin borough, 1410 ; in Gregg town- ship, 1420n; iu Chapman township, 1549; i^ Adamburg, 15S7 ; of Loysville, 977 ; of Sa- ville, 1042; Presbyterian of Spring town- dliip, 1158; First, of Lewistowu, 520; of Kelly township, 1337; Trinity, of Landis- burg, 985 ; Zion, of Blain, 1006 ; Sandy Hill, of Madison township, 1027; of Marysville, 1004 ; St. Andrews, or Shuman's Church, 1013; Christ's, of Newport borough, 1123; in Milllinburg, 1368; St. John's, Sprhig township, 1159 ; Fii-st, of Lewisbuigh, 1274. Evangelical hutheran : St. John's, of Mochan- icsville, 627 ; Saniuerti Church, 058 ; St. Ste- phen's, of Milford township, 719; of Port Royal, 803; of McAlisterville, 815 ; of Sher- niansdale, 1054 ; Trinity, of Liverpool bor- ough, 1117; of Spring township, 1159; of Lewisburgh, 1273 ; of Buffalo loMnslup, 1302; St. .lohn's, uf Kelly township, 1337. Clun-cb of God, Carroll township, 1055 ; Cliurcb of G. til, Kye lownship, 985, 1062; in Marys- ville, inOI ; iu Duncannon Borough, 1080; I INDEX. 1593 rino Grove, of Miller Township, 1133 ; of Spring Township, UoO; of Howo Township, 1104. United Brethren in Christ: In Wayne Town- ship, 58G ; Cuntroville, l.'.iil ; Port Trcverton, 1570 ; of Shvimijinsdale, U!54 ; of Marysvilk-, 10(U ; of Dimcunnon Borougli, l(t80 ; of M"heatfi('!ii Township, lO'Jo ; Perry Town- ship, iri23 ; Chapman, lo'iO ; West IVrry, 1528; Freehurg, 15110 ; Bliddlehurg Borongli, 14'.I2 ; Now Berlin Borough, l-llO ; Mexico, SliJ ; of J'^iust SaU-ni, 874 ; of RichfioUl, 8S5. Episcopiil ; St. Mark's, of Lewistown, 5i2 ; Trinity, Locke's Mills, 558 ; of Thompson- town, 87ti. Baptist: Fii-st Regular, of Lewistown, 52:1; Brethren Church, 040 ; at Lockport, 5!ili ; of Milford Township, 759 ; uf Spruce Hill Town- ship, 795 ; German, of Fayotte Townshiip, 841 ; Free Spring, near Van Wert, 859 ; of Riehfield, SH-> ; of Lewisburgh, 127S ; at Win- fiuld, i;i30 ; of Kelly Tp., 1338 ; in Gregg Tp., 1420in ; in Selin's Grove Borough, 1474. Baptist tjernuin Brethren, of Jackson Tuwii- shiji, 1007. Evangelicjil : in Lewistown, 523; in New Lan- caster Valley, 559 ; of Little Valley, 05? ; of Pattoreon Borough, 8l)G ; of Locust Run, 800 ; Bethlehem, of Greenwood Township, 891 ; at Dressier, 8D3 ; Stony Point, of Madison Township, 1027 ; Bethel, of IJye Township, 10IV2 ; Salem Church, 1003 ; Emanuel, of Maiysville, 1004 ; of Newport Borough, 1123 ; St. Paul's, of Lewisburgh, 1280 ; Salem Church, 1319 ; Ehenezer Church, 1319 ; Emanuel Chui-ch, 1320 ; Cowan Church, 1320 ; New Columbia Church, 1340 ; WliiU- Deer Church, 1347; New Berlin Borough, 1410; Limestone Township, I42ria ; Middle- burg Borough, 1492 ; West Perrj* Town- ship, 1528 ; Beavertown, 1511 ; Centre- ville, 1521; Port Trevorton, 1576; Gregg Township, 1420n ; Union Township, 1575 ; of Hartley Township, 1388. Luthei"an Church at Lewistown, 516 ; Zion's, Lewistown, 516 ; in Milroy, 503 ; of Sigler- ville, 504 ; of AHonville, 037 ; of Soradoville, 658 ; Messiah, of Lewistown, 718 ; Willow Grove, of Lack, 737 ; Licking Creek or St. Ste- phen's of Milford township, 757 ; on Church Hill, Turbett township, 7S0 ; at Centreville 805 ; of Thoniiisontown, 877 ; St. John's, of Monroo township, 883 ; St. James, of Susque- hanna, 803 ; Christ's Church,951 ; Old Union Log Church, 951 ; Trinity Reformed, of New Bloonificld, 955 ; Lebanon, of Sherman's Val- ley, 970 ; Zion, of Blain, 1005 ; St. Paul, of Madison township, 1027 ; Buffalo Union, 1039 ; St. Andrew's, of Ealicol, 1043 ; of Marj'sville, 1005 ; Christ's, of Duncannon borough, l07'J ; St. David's, of Wbeatfield township, 1095; St. John's,near Markelsville, llo2;St. Samnel's, 1102 ; Clirist's, in Liver- pool township, 1111 ; of Newport borough, 1124 ; St. Michael's, of Greenwood townshiji. 1137 ; St. Peter's, 1158 ; Mount Zion, Spring townsliip, 1159 ; Ludolph, Spring township, 1159 ; in Watts township, 1107 ; of Miltlin- burg, 1370 ; of Hartley township, 1387 ; of llartleton, 1398 ; in Lewis township, 1405, 1400; of New Iterlin, 1410; in ChapmaTi township, 154'J, 1550 ; in Union township, 1575; in Washington township, 1533; in West Beaver township, 1515 ; in Monroo township, 1579 ; lu Middlehnrg borough, 1491; in Middle Creek township, 15.5f. ; in Pcnn township, 1504; in Soliu's Grove borough, 1472, 1471; in Perry township, 1523; in (Vntreville, 1521 ; in Beavertown, 15H) ; in Adams tp.; 1581 ; in Adanisbnig, 15S7 ; in Franklin tp., 1500 ; in Freeburg tp., 1535. Lutheran and German Reformed, of Rii htield, 884 ; Old Union Log Church, 951. Lutheran Congregation of Ickesburg, 1042, Miscellaneous: ICpiscopal, Protestant, of New- port Borough, 1123; Catholic, Roman, of tho Sacred Heart, Lewistown, 522 ; Uivcr Brethren, of (.'arroU township, 1055 ; Christian, Fii-st, of Lewisburgh, 1270 ; Ma- nosstus Union, Jackson township, 1007 ; Free Church of Milri)y, 501 ; Dunkards' Church 1420d ; Christian, Free, of Siglerville, 504 ; St. Paul Union, 893 ; Strasser, in Turkey Valley, 803 ; Christian, United, of Dela- ware township, 874; Bethel, in Shaffer's Val- ley, 070 ; Mennonite Church, West Perry, 1528 ; of Fayette township, 840. Cisna's Itun, 1010. Civil list of Juniata County, 605. »_'lark family, lo74. Clark family, 1000. Clark family, 1331. Clarke, John Captain, 94. Clendennin family, 987i Close, Henry L., 570. Coal, 2. Cocohimus, 840. Cocliran, William, 854, Coller Oil Company, 1039, Commissioners of Juniati County, 606. Commissioners' clerks for Juniata County, 600. Contner, David M., G38. Conuell, Dr. James M., 478. Cook, Dr., 485. Cooper, Thomas, 1187. Cove Forge, 1072. Cox, Daniel Webster, 1223. Cox family, 800. Crawford, Dr. E^ Darwin, 692. Crawford, Dr. David, 091. Crawford family, C'.il. Crawford, James, 091. Crawford, Brodio I., 690. Crawford, Samuel B., 092. Crawford, Dr. David M., 692. Crawford, Dr. James W., 092. Creamer, Morris Wesley, 1200. Creigh, Dr. John, 475, 921. Creigh, Dr. John C, in War of 1812, 128. Crist, Dr. Theodore S., 1229. Ciouse, James G., 1142. Crouse, Jeremiah, 1493. Croniniiller, John P., 1437. Crotzer, Dr. A. J., 1230. Ciinnuin, Dr. William, 910. Cuddy, Dr. George I., 095. Culberttion, Horace J., 471. Culbertson, James, M.D., 479. Culp, Dr., 924. CnnuningR, Jow'ph F., 1442. Cnnimings, Dr. Sevems, 480. CnmmingB, Dr. .\lbert, 486. Cunningham, William D., 758. O. Darlington family, lOS". Davis, CTliarles S., :J4C. Davis, .lohn, 530. Davis Lock, 805. Davis, Dr. Eli.iah, 475. Davis, William C, 472. Delaware Township : boundaries, 865 ; early settlements, 865 ; schools, 873 ; chnrdioa, 874 ; East Salem, 874 ; Good- Will, 874. Helaware Literary Society, 878. Deitrich, Henry G., 1440. Derrickson, Mi-s. Mary, 112. Dechart, Dr. J. W., G9G. l>err, Ludwig, 1240. De Lancey, Dr. C. E., 924. Pill, William II., 1441. i>innn family, 890. Diven, James L., 979. liii'tri.h, John, 1311. Dill, Andrew H., 1217. Iioty, Dr. Ezra, 475, 091, 703. Uoty, L. W., 000. Doty, Dr. Eoswell, 475, 1227. Doty, Dr. Southard, 475. I>oty, E. S., Jl-., 090. Doty, Edmund Southard, 085. Uoty, James C., 088. Uoty, Parker it Co., 721. Holing, Dr. John II., 928. I)i.)ndle, Daniel, 1252. Douglass mill, 1003. Dougherty, Lieutenant Samuel, 104. Dougherty, .Tohn, 003. Doughei-ly, Lieutenant John, 104. Donaldson, Captain John, 122. Doyle's mills, 785. Derry Township : description, 532 ; assessment of 1700,534; Logan, 53G ; Kellyville, 536; Yeagertown, 539 ; Maitland, 540; history of the Brethren Cliurch, 540 ; early settlers 542 ; Logan Steel and Iron Company and Standard Steel- Works, 548 ; schools, 550 ; justices of the peace, 551. Decatur Township : erection of, 654 ; assess- ment of I8l5, 054 ; early locations, 055, 657 ; post-ofKces, G57 ; Lilleyville, 658; Wagner, 058; Soradoville, 058 ; Painter, 058; churches, 058 ; schools, 059. Dean, Dr. D. C, 490. Driesbach, Martin, 1197. Duncannon Borough : incorporation of, 1074 ; Petei-sburg, 1075 ; Duncannon Record, 1076 ; churches, 107G-S1 ; societies, 1081-82 ; Fire Department, 1082 ; Duncannon history sketches, 1082. Duncannon Iron- Works, 1072. Duncan, John Foi-ster, 1209. Dull X' Wilson, sand-works, 599. Dull, Casper, 602-003. Dunbar, Ezekicl, 683. K. East Buffalo Tp. : formation of, 1310 : early settlers, 1310 ; schotds, 1318 ; churches, 1318. East Salem, 874. East Wiiterford, 745. Eaker, Dr. Joseph, 1220. lOarnshaw, Rt-v, William, 233. Ea.*!t Newport, 1129. Kby, Dr. Joseph, 929. Kby, James B., M.D., 930. Eckei-t, Dr. John, 931. FMwards, Dr. Sanniel, 922. Khrenfc-hl, Augustus Clemens, 175. Elder, Dr. William, 095. Klliott.-iburg, 1151. Elliott, D. Stewart, 409. Elliott, William P., of War of 1K!2, 123 (note), .508, (Vlfi. Klliolt family, 1034. Klliott. Rev. Dr., 103,5. Elder, Dr. Thomas A., 007. Elder, George R., 472. Elder. Georg.- W.,47r.. 1594 INDEX. Elder, Eufus C, 471. Ellinkhiisen, Mathtas .Tosopti, 1240. Ellis, Frsincis, .^o (not(.'). Emerick family, 117. Emerick, David, 1321. EuBlow family, 9117. English, David, Sr., 1121. Eiisminger family, 1060. Enterprise Sand-Works, 587. Eppley, Dr. Goo. \V., 024. Erlenmeyer, liev. C. O., I.'>:i7. Erie, Fort, 125. Eshcol, lU4;i. Evans, Robert Davenport, 1225. Evans, Capiain, Frederick, 124 (note), l.''in2. Evans, S. Owen, 808. Evans, (reneral Lonis, 8G8. Evans family, 86S. Evandalu, 8S5. Evans family, 124*1. Eyer, Dr. Aaron W., 12:10. Eyster, Dr. Jo.sepli, 1440. F. Farley, .lacoli, 13.')2. Fayette Townshiji : location, 832 ; early settle- ment, 832 ; churclies, S40; schools, 841 ; Mc- Alisterville, 842 ; chnrch, 845 ; Lodge of I. O. O. F., 845 ; Soldiers' Orphans' School, 845 ; Cocolamns, 845 ; Oakland Mills, 840. Fermanagh Township ; original territory, 800 taxables of 1703, 800 ; .agreement relative to protection of frontier, 811 ; taxahlc inilns- tries, 812 ; early industries, 815-831 ; sclioola, 881 ; Pine Grove Church, 832. Fetterolf, Dr. Isaac A., 1232 Fisher, Dr. Charles, 1230. Fisher, Dr. A. J., 097. Fithian's Journal, 008. Flickinger, J. R., 916. Floyd, Dr. Samuel, 096. Floyd, Dr. John B., 491. Flynn, M. Bonner, M.D., 489. Focht, Dr. Martin L., 1230. Follmer, Dr. Joseph B., 12,32. FoUmer, Daniel, 142llp. Follmer, William Uuckman, 1225. Follmer, John R., 1215. Forge at Licking Creek, 700. Forts built on the frontier, 07. Fort, old, and field, 791 . Forge, Fio, 1094. Forest Hill, 1300. Forest Iron-works, 1344, Fossils, 17-19, 574. Fought, Mrs., captivity of, 1321. Franklin Township, 1557 ; erection of, 1557 ; early settlers, 1568 ; Kern family, 1558 ;; Smith, Boweraox and Gift families, 1559 lion. George Kremer, 1500 ; Capt. Frederick Evans, 1502 ; I'axtonvillo, 1505 ; Franklin, 1505 ; Lutheran Reformed Churcll, 1500 ; Christ's Evangelical Ijutheran Chnrch, 1506 ; n.assinger's grave-yard, 1507. Freeburg, 1534 ; founded, 1534 ; early inhab- itants, 1534 ; additions to, 1534 ; attempt to incorporate, 1535; Freeburg Courier, 1535; Freeburg News, 1535 ; Lutheran and Re- formed Church, 1535 ; United Brethren 1539 ; Freeburg Academy, 1530 ; societies, 1539; Boyer's Town-IIall, 1539; authors 154(1 ; Normal Music-School, 1541 ; rhilhar- ntonic Musical Society, 1541. Freelund, fall of Fort, 111. Freeland Fort, 105. l<'rioniiBhip Hoolc-and-Ladder Company, 800. Frow, Dr. James, OOlt. Fry family, S72. Fuller, William, 909. Funk's family. 8.57. Furnace, The Union, 132.5. Furnace, Montjibello, 1003. Furnace, 3Iarshall, 1127. Furnace, Perry, 1090. Furnace, Oak Grove, 1150. Furnace, Juniata, 1090. Furnace, Hope, 0.50. Gallagher, Thoma,s, 703. Galloway, iMajor, 120. Galbreath, James, 907. Galbraith, Dr. James, 922. Garver, Dr. M. B., 489. Gast, Henry, 1375. Gast, Dr. John Reynolds, 1231. Gass, Henry, 11.55. Geddcs, Dr. John Rjiy, 1232. Gemmel, .Tjimes, 040. Gcrhart, Dr. Wilfred, 1230. Gelz, David Henry, 1208. (ieology : Juniata County, 10 ; Mifflin County, 20 ; Perry County, 21 ; Snyder Connty, 22 ; Union County, 23. Gibson, George, Sr., 1153. Gibson family, 1153. Gibson, John Bannister, OOO. Gilbert, Jacob, 1440. (iirty's Notch, 1142. Girty (Girtco), Simon, 007, 1143. Glover, Horace r., 1224. Glover, Dr. Samuel P., 1231. Gobble, Rev. Aaron E., 1413. Goerky, Dr. Edward, 1440. Good-Will, 874. Gordon, Isaac G., 1214. Gourley, Rev. John, 515. Grand Army of the Republic; Hnlings Post, No. 176, 525 ; Stevenson Post, No. 482, of McVeytown, 612 ; Lieut. David II. Wilson, No. 134, 725 ; Benjamin Benfert Post, No. 310, 804; Sergeant John Jones Post, No, 448, 958; Post No. 1S8, 1066; Lieut. Wil liam Allison Post, No. 106, 1082 ; Lieut. Ar- nold Lobaugh Post, No. 297, 1125; Andrew Gregg Tucker, No. 52, 1208; William R. Foster Post, No. 247, 1375. Granvillo Township : erection of, 015 ; indust- ries, 645 ; early settlors, 6'15 ; Hope Furnace, 650 ; foundries, 051 ; schools, 051 ; churches, 652 ;, justices of the peaeo, 053. Granges; Spruce Hill Grange, No. 772, TOO; Mllford Grange, No. 77.3, 700; Tuscarora Grange, No. 774, 700 ; Walnut Grange, No. 770, 700 ; Lost Creek Grange, No. 780, 700 : Turbett Grange, No. 781, 700. Walker Grange, No. 786, 700 ; Fermanagh Grangi', No. 787, 700 ; Juniata County Grange, 700 ; Snyder County Pomona Grange, 1407 ; Mon- roe Grange, No. 191, 1467 ; Ruth Gninge, No. 323, 1407; Adam Grange, No. 481, 1407; Union Grange, No. 544, 1407 ; Penn Grange, No. 509, 1407 ; West Beaver Grange, No. 720, 1467; Beaver Grange, No. 740, 1407; Centre Grange, No. 753, M07. Gr.ihnm, Hon. .fames It., 080, 908. Graham, William, 700. Graham, Dr. George M., 000. Graham, George Washington, 1205. (iranville Fort, 07. Graybill, Bishop John, 883. Gray, John, 09. Gray Land Litigations, 708. Gray family, 707, 1.331. Green, Dr. G. W., 1228. Green, Dr. John, 094. Greenwood Township : Juniata t'ounty erected in. 885; early assessments, 887; taxable in- dustl-ies, 887-889; schools, 801; ISethlehem Evangelical Church, 891. Greenough, Dr. J. J., 1400. Greenwood Township, Perry County: territory, 1134 ; area, 1134 ; early settlers, 1134; Liberty Hall, 1134 ; roads, 1135 ; early assessments, 1135 ; mills, 1130 ; old inhabitants of distinc- tion, 1130 ; educational, 1137 ; churclies,1137 ; land gr.ants and early 8ettlers,1138; biograph- ical, 1130 ; the press, 1140. Groenleaf, Dr. Peter L., 000. Gregg Township, 142oli ; erection of, 1420h ; early settlers in, 1420 h ; Marcus Huling, 1420 h; original surveys, 1420 i; Allenwood, 1420J ; bridges, 1420J ; Union Cemetery, 1420J ; Spring Garden, 1420J ; Brown family, 14'20j ; Hunter family, lljllk; Oakes family, 1.120 k; Shellabarger fam- ily, 1420 k; Snoddy family, 1420 k; Sil- liman family, 1420 k; Alvira, 1420 k; early settlers, 14201 ; schools, 14201 ; W.ish- ington Presbyterian Church, 14*201 ; White Deer Baptist Church, 1420 ni; Evangelical Association, 1420 n ; Messiah Union Chnrch, 1420 n ; Emanuel Evangelical Church, 1420 n. Groninger'a captivity, 70S. GrofT, George G., M.A., M.D., 1220. Grosh, Dr. B. F., 025. Grimm, Henry n., 1439. Gricr, Dr. Joseph F., 1228. Grier's Point, 1001. Grove, Ad.am, 1314. Grubb, Dr. Isaae N., 607. Gudykunst, Charles, 1420q. Gundy, Jacob, 1235. Guss, Charles, 760. Gusa, Abraham, 700. Guss, A. L., 723, 707. Guss, Simon, 766. Gntshall, Dr., 925. H. Haas, V.alentine, Capt.ain, 131. llackett, James B., 1017. Hackendorn, Dr. Noah E., 090. Hall, William Maclay, 408. Halfpenny, Thomas Edward, 1225. Halfpenny & Sons, 1251. Hamilton, Captain John, 850. Hamilton, John, 90. Ilambright, John, 103. llarshbarger, Alexander Samuel, M.D., 400. Ual-shbarger, Dr. Henry, 005. llarshbarger, Abraham, M.P., 480. Hartfrauft, Colonel John F., 245. Hartleton Borough, 1307, First settler, 1897 ; erection of, 1398 ; schools, 1398 ; churches, 1308 ; biographical, 1399. i Hartley Township : Erection of, 1379 ; bound- aries, 1379 ; area, 1379 ; early settlers, 138(1 ; Laurelton Mill, 1382 ; Berlin Iron-Works, 13S2; saw-mills, 1383; Laureltcui, 13S3 ; schools, 13.84 ; free schools, 1386 ; division of township, 1380 ; religious, 13.87 : early sett- lere, 1.388. Ilarnian, G. G., M.D., 470. Harrison, Dr. Francis C, 1229. Ilarcy, G. N., M.D., 489. Harris, .lolin, M.D., 094. Harris, John, 701. INDEX. 1595 Harding, Abnor C, 1212. Hardy family, T5G. TTarvost Home Picnic, T4.'i. Hayes, Juhii, Sr., 032. Hackott family, U)7(». Hall, Dr. J. ('., 918. lialo, I)r. Eli;i8 W., 48C Hide, Keiiben M., 4(JS. Hale, EliiLs W., 46G. Hamlin. Pr. I'hilo., 695. Hamlin, .Tames B., 120)!. Hamilton family, li'l'i. Ilanuwalt, Ki-v. .1. R., Ml. Harris, AlcMimicr, r.S7. Harris, John, UMiS. Hartrnan, Jacob, 909. Hartley, Colonel Thomas, lln, l:v.i9. Hartrnan family, lii:J7. Hassinger, l>r. O. Eilgar, bl.'iO. Hassinger, Josopb, lfi8S. Hassiuger, J. S., ir>GS. Hnsseuplug, Cai)tain George U., 2f»0-259. Hayes, Dr. William, 1228. Hayes family, 1247. Hayes, Alfred, 1207. Heading, Dr. James C, 098. Heim, Rev. John William, '.t77. Hencli, Cbristiau, 9G0. Iloucb, Nirbolas, 1044. Ilenrb , George, 1024. Hencb, Samnel, 087. Hencb, Job»i, 777. Henderson, William, 821. Hendrick, Captain Wm., 88. Helfenstine A Ury, 897. Henderson, Dr. Joseph, 470. Hepbnrn, Samuel, Judge, 081, 008. Herman, Dr. Percival, 14r>G. lletrick, Christian, 1243. Hickman, an Indian, 735. Hill, David J., LL.D., 1287. Hill, George, 1205. Hill, George, 1434^1430. Himmclreich, Geo. W., 1300. Hoffa, Cyrus, 119S. Hoffman, George S., 531. Hogg's family, 790. Ilolman, Michael B., 1119. Houscwertb, B. F., 14.38. Honey Grove, 742. Hoover, Dr. Lewis, 478. Hoover, Dr. George, 480. Hooko, Dr. B. F., 924. Hope, Jlmmie, tbo burglar, 1082. Horn's Fort, 10.5. Hoi'ning, John, 818 ; died at the age of one hundred and twenty years. Horning, Dr. Lewis, 478. Hostennan, Colonel, 107. Hottenstein, Dr. Isaac, 1444. Hottenatein, Dr. H. P., 1440. Houston, Dr. John, 1220. Houston, Sam., 701. Honsewerth, William E,, 1442. Hower, Cliarles, 1435. Howe Townsliip: Iwundaries, 1102; originul land, owners, 1102 ; turnpike, 11G3; scIkhjIs. 1H;3; chnrchee, 1101. Hudson, Dr., 095. HnlingB, Marcus and faniily, IICO. Hnlings, David W., 4G7. Hulings family, 1008. Huff, Fort. 1115. Hurlbnt, Cliarlea S., M.D., 488. Ilulings. Thomas Marcus Colonel, 232, 471. Hummel, .Tarnb, 1197. Ihnnniel, .lai:ub Capbiin, 130. Hunter, Samuid Colonel, llJ5. Hunter, Cliarles, 775. Huston, Hon. Chark'S, 403. Hutchoson, Rev. .John, 514, 703, 717. Hyatt, Dr. 1'. K., 1230. I. Ickesburg, lOlO. [ckea family, 1041. lokee, Dr. S. R., 918. Ukos, Dr. .Tonas, 020. k-kee. Dr. Joseph I>. B., 920. Innis, Francis, Jr., 738. Innis family (captivity), 787. Insurance Co., Perry Co, Mutual Fire, 902. Interior, early glimpses of the, 25, Iron Furnaces and Forges : Freedom Forge, .548 ; Freedom Iron-Works, 548 ; Freedom Iron and Steel Company, 549 ; Logan Steol and Iron Company, 549 ; Stsindard Steel Company, 549. Iron and Steel Blanufacture : eiirly, 548 ; capa- city of furnaces, 549 ; Bessemer process, 540. Iron ores, 3. Iron-Works, Puncannon, 1072. Irvine, Colonel Wiliam H., 409. Irvine fiinuly, 1030. Irwin, Colonel James, 122. Irwin, Dr. John, 917. Irvine, Ma-son, 000. Irwin, Dr. John, 005. Irwin, William, 1313. Irwin General William, 132, 154. Irvine, Mi's. Jane, 080. Irwin, William, 12nl. Irwin, Christopher, 780. Indians, 20; Jesuit relations of 1059, 20 ; Capt- John Smith, 20 : Daniel Gookin, 27 ; a papei- map, 27; Cliamplain's expedition, 27; fcto- phen Brule, 27; Captain Henry Fleet, 2S ; Yisscher's map, 28 : Plantagenet pamphlet, 28; Van der Donk history, 28; Augustine Herman map, 28; the Black Minquas, 20; fiie-.arms, 29 ; the Iroquois, 29 ; the Juniata tribe, 30 ; Onc>jiitta-Haija, 31 ; Heckewelder, nussionary, 32 ; Standing Rock, 32; Conrad Wei.ser, 32 ; Tuscarcras, 34; David Cusick, ?4 ; Hariot's Virginia, 35 ; Lawson, 30 ; mas- sacre 1711,30; Tuscarora war, 37 ; wampum, 38; Governor Penn, 38; the Five Nations, 39 ; Governor Spottswood, 40 ; Frederick Kidder, 41 ; Governor Burnet, 41 ; Fort Du- quesne, 43; Colonel James Bnrd, 43; in Revolutionary War, 44; the traders, 45 ; Le Tort, 40 ; Shickalamy, 40 ; Logan, the Mingn chief, 47; C'arondowanna, 48; Jones' Iliw- lory of Juniata Valley, 49 ; Peter Cheaver, 50 ; Manawkyhickou, 51 ; location white men, 54 ; land purchase, 54 ; treaty 1749, 55 ; the endless hill, 55; squattei-s, 55; Williani White massacre, 66; Simon Girty, 60; Sec- retary Peters, 50 ; William Brown, 57 ; Mar- cus Hulings 57 ; treaty 1754, 57 ; In- dian hostility, 5H ; Governor Mon is, John Harris letter, 59, 05 ; Andrew Montour, )■((; :\larie LeItoy and Barbara Jieiningcr, 00 ; (Viloncl Mercer, 04; massacre in 175''i, 05; Hugh Mitcheltree, 05; letter from Carlisle, 00; Gordon's History of Pennsylvania, 00; Pctintiylvnmo Gazette, OV, 09, 70; frontier flirts, 07; Fort Granville, 07; Benjamin Franklin, 67; Fort Augusta, (i8; Samuel Mile?, 08; Fort Bigham, 08; John Gray's family, GO; Pomfret Castie, 00; Patterpon's fort, 09; liobert Rohison, 70, 74; Hugh RobiaoD, 71 ; destruction of Fort (Jranvillc, 71 ; Potcr Walker, 72 ; John Armstrong, 73 : abandonment ui tbo settlements, 73 ; Arm- strong's expedition, 73 ; Penn's Creek mas- sacre, 58 ; second period of Indian War, 74 ; the great runaway, 7.S; the new purchase, 78 ; treaty doounient, 70 ; Rev. Charles Beatty journal, 79; massacres in 1777,106; Wyoming miwsiicro in 1778, 107 ; Colonel Hartley expedition, 110; fall of Fort Free- land, 111 ; Kmerick family, 117; Indian paths, 415-417; raids, 553-550; mound and fort, 700. J. Jackson township. Perry County': erection of, 906 ; boundaries, 990 ; early settlers, 900- 10(13; Blain borough, lo03 ; churches, ln05- 11)07 ; early schools, 11I07. Jackaon township, Snyder County, 1500 ; erec- tion of, 1500 ; Kiutzerville, 1570 ; Lutheran and Reformed Church, 1570; post-office, 1570; Union Church, 1571 ; Evangelical Association, 1571 ; mills, 1571 ; justices of the peace, 1572 ; educational, 1572. Jackson, William W., liiOO. James, Charles Rowland, 1225. .liicobs, George, Jr., 089. .lenkins family, 1312. .Jesuit, relations of, 2(1, 1659. Jones, William, 1218. .Jnhneton, Alexander, 995. Jiilinston, Rev. James, 537. Ji.bnsttpun, 785. Johnson, Dr. A. R., 928. Johnson, Dr. Alexander, 478. Johnson, Dr. R. M., 490. Johnson, George, 994. Johnson, Dr. T. L., 921. Joyce, Dr. William, 1227. Juniata County : erection of, 601 ; location of county-seat, 603 ; erection of county-seat, 063 ; civil list of, 065 ; progress of first settle- ment, 007 ; the region in 1775, Fithian's journal, 008 ; firet appearance of geograjdii- cal names on the tax-lists, 670 ; facts and oddities from the tax-lists, 672 ; election dis- tricts and elections, 076 ; negro slavery and servitude, 677 ; bench and bar, 079-090 ; medical history, 09()-609 ; Juniata County Agricultural Society, 009; Rivereide Park and Agricultural Society, 099 ; granges, 7(K) ; Veterans' Reunion Association, 700. Juniata County : Borough of Mifllintown 701-727 ; Lack township, 727-741 ; Tusca- rom township, 741-749 ; Milford township, 740-773 ; Turbett township, 773-781 ; Beale township, 781-791 ; Spruce Hill township, 791-801 ; I'ort Royal borough (Perrysville), 801-805 ; Patterson bonnigb, 805-808 ; Fer- nianagU townsliip, 808-832 ; Fayette town- ship, 832-846 ; Walker township, ^0-805 ; Delaware township, 8G5-874 ; borough of Thompsontown, 874-879 ; Monroe township, 879-885 ; Greenwood township, 885-801 ; Suali M., UsO. Mci-'oy, John, 61 0. McOunly, Thonias, 1504. McOullougli, Dr. Joliu, (J'Jo. jVlcClure, Jolili, HS4. McClcan, Rev. 0. 0., r»lo. McClure, Hon. Alex. Kelly, 087, liiU, Hi2S. McC'lellan fainily, 753. McCoy, Thomas F., 470. McConnell family, S90. McCrum, Henry, 701. .Mct\>y, General Thomas F., 144, 171. McCliutock family, 980. McNitt, Captain Robert, 199 (note). McCIuug, John, 1312. McCIenuhan, Lieutenant Hiram, l9Sb. McDonald, John, 748. McDowell, Jamee M., 4ii7. McDowell, John, 574. McDowell, Samuel, 6So. McDonald, Samuel Davies, 1223. McEwen, Mayor William, l9Sb. McFaddens, , 040. McOeehau, John L., G89. Mclutire, Charles J. T., 912. McKee, John A., 471. McKeunan, Patrick, Esi|., 762. McKee, Andrew, 647. SIcKee, Thoniaa, 55. McKee, Ruliert. 742. McKee, IIuj;b, G4.s. McLan-hlin, Dr. Thomas, 1229. McLaughlin, Michael, 472. McMorris, Dr. Nohh-, 921. McMeeii, Robert, 088, 8:32. McNeil, Dr. J. C, 1229. aicNitt, Rubi-rt, .J5(;. SIcNamara, James IbHj. SIcNitt, Lieutenant Robert J., 198b. McPbenun, George \V., 688. McVeytowu, Borough of; settlement, onii; early settlers, 6IHm;u7 ; bridges, 0(i7 ; post- office, Mi7 ; incorporation, 607 ; burgess, Oos ; justice of the peace, 008; churclies, OoS-OlO ; schools, CIO; newspapers, 611; Moore, Mc- Williams A: Co.'s Bank, 611; biograifhical. Oil ; sot'ieties, 012. BIcVcy, John, 001. Mcaley, Dr. Samuel, 917. Meuu8, RoWrt,545. Means, Robert Anderson, 54G, Slareliall, James, Il'^l. MecUanicdburg, 770. Slucbauicsville, 627. Medical itrofession, the chapter on, 474— J92. Medical Societies of Milllin County, 491—192, Medic;Ll Society of Juniata County, 09i»-099. 3Iedical Society of Terry County, 91G-9.'J4. Itletlical Society of Union County, I22fr-I2'J4. Medical Society of Snyder County, 1444. Meller, Harvey, K., 1442. Slelchor family, 104S. Members of Aaecnibly from ruiou and Juniata Counties, 0)i5. Meml ere of State Senate froui Juuiata Co., 006. 3Ieml>ers of Congress from Juuiata County, 6or.. Membui-s of iV£semply from Juniata County, 065. Slentmnite, near East Salem, S74. MensL-h, Dr. Martin L., 1232. Sleriiiotiitcs of Jlonroe township, 883. Meniio Tifwnsbip: erection of, 633; early settlers, 634 ; schools, 630 ; Allenville, 636; Wliito llall, 637 ; biograpliical, 638. Merrill, James, 1201. IMenill, Charles, 1214. Merrill, Charles, 1434. Met/, Jacob K., 485, 486. ."^lettlen, Samuel, 8o7. Mettlen, Alexander, 807. Mexico, 861. iMexicau War : The Juniata Gnai'ds, 132 ; the Wayuo Guards 13:i, 149 ; the Perry County Company, 132 ; the Washiuglon Guards, 132 ; Lewistown Guanls, 132 ; Lewistown Artil- lerists, 132; Roster of Irwin's company, 134 ; ditficnlty between Irwin and Merrick, 134 ; first battle Irwin's command, 135 ; sickness of Boldiei's, 136 ; an ofticer's diary, 136-138 ; hanging of deserters, 139; battle of Molino del Iley, 139; castle of Cbapultepec taken, 140 ; Stott's entry into the city of Mexico, 140 ; Lieutenant T. F. McCoy, 142 ; return of Lewistown Company, 1-13; speech of Mc- Coy, 143 ; survivoi-s at the present- time, 144 ; sketches of Generals Irwin and McCoy, 144 ; Soldiers from PeiTy County, 151 : Landis- hurgh Guards and New Bloomfield Liglit Infantry, l.'il. Meylert, Dr. Asa P. 12-29. ilyei-s, Dr. Seth F., 697, Alichaux, father and son, 1088. Middle Creek township, 1554 ; erection of, 1554; Indian narraliv'cs, 1555; jiioneers- 1555; early inhabitants, 1555; early in, dustries, 1556 : Kreamor, 1550 ; Seiber's Church, 1550; Et-dley's Church, 1557; edu- cational, 1557. Middleburg borough, 14'J0 ; laid out, 1490; settlers in 1802, 1496; fiiiit iiostmaster in, 1490; incorporation of, 1490 ; newspaiicrs : VuU;sfrfuud, l*yo ; 'I'ribnne, UW ; Middle- burg /V/flf, UttO ; Sdhi's Grove Times, 149ii ; tires, 1490 ; inhabitants of, in lel4 and later, 1491 ; Luthenui and Reformed Church, 1491; United Brethren, 1492; Evangelical Association, 1492; schouls, 1492 ; societies, 1493 ; bands, 1493. .Middleswarth, Ner, Captain, 122,1517, 1425. Middleswarth, .\bram Iv., 1517. Midlinburg, 863. Milllinhurg Academy, 1367. .Millliti Bridge, 7o7. Mitllintown Ijorongh ; Settlement of locality, 701 ; Alexander Laflerty, 7ol ; William Ma- clay, 701 ; John Harris, 7(tl ; growth of the town, 705 ; i I icoi'po ration, 705 ; burgess, 705 ; roads, ferries and bridges, 700 ; post*- offices and postmasters, 709; hotels, 709 ; s<.-hools, 710 ; churches, 712-720 ; cemeteries, 720 ; fire com{);mies and fires, 7liO-721 ; Uinks, 721; the press, 722-721 j loilges, orders and societies, 724-726 ; manufacturei"s, 726; soldiers* monument, 720 ; terrific storm, 720 ; Milllinburg Lodge, No. 370, 1375. >Iifllio County ; piirchase, 449 ; erection of townships, 44:1 ; lociiiionofconnty-seat, 452; court-houso and jails, 154-457; poor-house, 457; civil-list, 457-460; population, 460; bench and bur, 460-474; judges, 463-665, 472 ; attorneys, 465-472 ; associate judges, 472 ; district attorneys from 1S50, 472; attor- neys, 473-174 ; medical profession, 474—192 ; The Borough of Lewistown, 492-532; Derry Township, 5:'.2-55l; Armagh Town- ship, 551-579; Wayne Township, 579-588; the Borough of Newton Hamilton, 588 -592; Oliver Township, 592-6CO ; the Bor- ough of Mc V'ey ;o wn, 600-6 1 3 ; Bratton Township, 613-016; Union Township, 010- 033; Menno Township, 033-638; Brown Township, 638-645 ; Graiiviile Township, 645 -654 ; Decatur Township, 654-661. Mifflin Co. (.leology, 20-21. Milllinburg: location, 1302 ; early settlers, 1362 ; incorporation, 13611; census, 1363; business interests, 1365 ; school, 1366 ; churches, 1308 ; newsjiapers, 1374 ; societies and lodges, 1375 ; banks, i:i75 ; biographical, 1375. fliilford Township : erection of, 749 ; bounda- ries of, 749 ; early settlers, 750 ; taxable in- dustries, 751 ; earlj' scttlei-s, 753 ; Licking Creek Church, 757 ; Samuel Houston, 761 ; Robert CampbelTs luill, 702 ; early land transfer ; 764 ; cai)tivity of Leonard Gron- inger, 768 ; forge on Licking Creek, 769 ; pa- per-mill on Licking Creek, 770 ; Juniata Tan- nery, 770 ; public sc-liools, 770 ; biogiaph- ical, 771. .Miller Township: location, 1131 ; derivation of name, 1131; early settlere, 1131; Bailey's Station, 1133 ; churches, 1133. :\lillerstown Borough ; early settlement, 1140; location, 1140 ; assessments, 1140 ; manufac- tories and i)ublic buildings, 1141 ; hotels,1141 ; educational, 1141 ; chuahes, 1141 ; iron-ore, 1141 ; newspjipei-s, 1142 ; banks, 1142. Miller, Oiarles, 1499. Miller, Dr. David U., 1231. JliUer, Hon. G.-urg<- F., 1212. Miller's, Henry, company roster, 130. Miller, Enoch, 137s. i'Millerand Cady, 106. Milroy, 500. Millikeu, David B., M.D., 92-3. .Milliken's, Captjun, troop of horse, 121. Millikeu, John A., 688. Milligan family, 1018. Miiiehart'sGap, 046. ^linerals, 2. .^lissiouaries, early, 25. Mitchell family, 1130. Mitchell, David, 943. .Mitchell, Cidonrl John, 1130. Mitman, Dr. Elsie, 1400. Mitchell, General William Galhraitb, 103. iMitchell, George Vance, M.l)., 4S:i. Mitchell, M. T., M.D., 486. aiitchfll, Samuel, 833. Mitchell, Dr. George, 920. Mahantango Township, 1547 ; erection of, 1547 ; inhabitants of, 1>47 ; abandonment of, 1548. Mohu, Dr., 1232. .Mohn, Dr, Calvin C, 1232. -Monroe Tovvnshiji, 1576 ; erection of, 1576 ; Blue Hill, 1577 ; John Mason, 1577 ; old taverns, 1577 ; Shamokiu Dam, 1.578 . .MelhudiBt Epintopal Churrh, 1.578 ; St. aiat- thew Lutheran Cliunh, 1.".79 ; schouls, 1.T79 ; old ferry, 1579 ; justices of the peace, 15S0. Moulelius, John, 1193. Montgomery's Feri-y, 1144. Montour, Andrew, 964, ' Monroe Township : Boundaries, 879 ; early I setlleiv, 879; churches, »S3 ; echools, 88-1; 1598 INDEX. Richfield, 884 ; churchoB aud societk-s, 885 ; Evandale, 885. Monunieut, Soldiere', of Miflliutuwu, 7'2(j. Moore, William A., Gil. Moore, McWilliams & Co., Oil. Moore, Pr. Samuel A., 'J22. Morrisou, William A., 093. Morrison, .lohii, M.D., 484. Mortimt-T, Frauk, liOl. Morelaud'e, David, company roster, VSl, K'JS. lyiorris, Dr. Thomas G., 019, 028. Morgan, John E., 13:i8. Mutzer, Martin, 1032. Blount I'leiisaut, 8G4. Mountain, origin, 13-17. Moyer, John Gustiiviis, 1584. ]\Iumma, John, 1204. Muncy, Fort, 105. Murphy, Dr. Work, 005. Muriihy, Thomae, 740. Murray, Dr. A. A., OUG. Musser, Joseph, 1330. Myers, L. N., 1430. Myei-8, Dr. John II., 1400. N. Nail-Works, Lewishurgli, 12G'J. Neff, Isiuic P., M.D., 4S7. Neleou family, 817. New Germantown, 003, Neilsou family, 1U85. Newton, Dr., 1232. Newttm Hamilton, Borough of: location, 588 ; assessment rolls in 1830, 588; incorporation, 580; churches, 589-500; Camp-Meeting As- sociation, 590 ; uewspapcr.s, 500 ; Odd-Fel- lows, 590 ; hiogmphical, 500. Newport Borough : Reiderville, 1121 ; eariy days, 1122; schools, 1122; churches, 1123- 1125 ; uewspapoi-s, 1125 ; banks, 1125 ; Boci<- ties, 1120-1120. New Buffalo Borough : laid out, 11G8 ; a new town, 1108 ; incurporation, IIGO ; mauufju.- tories, 1109 ; churches, 1109 ; schools, IIGO ; ferry, fording and Gshery, 1100 ; stores and taverns, 1170. New Bloomlield Borough : hist settler, 943 ; beginning of the town, 913 ; incorporation, 947 ; post-office, 047 ; Peiry County Hank, 048 ; schools, 048 ; Now Lilooinlield Academy, 048 ; churches, 951-057 ; lodges, 957-958 ; Perry County Historical Society, 958-900 ; the press, 0GO-9G2 ; insurance company, 962. New Berlin, the borough of, 14u7 ; early settle- ments and residents, 1407; the county-seul, 1408; public nmrliet in, 1408; addition tu, 1408 ; incorporation of, 1408 ; Union County Agricultural Society at, 1-108; old [lublic buildings, 1409 ; industries, 1400 ; schuols, 1400; thelteformedCbiirch, 1410; Lutheran Church, 1410 ; Evangelical Association, 1410; Presbyterum Church, 1410; United Brethnti, Church, 1410 ; Methodist Churcli, Jill; Newspapers, 1411 ; New Berlin Gazette, 141 1 ; Union Uickoiy, 1411; Anti-Masonic Slar, 1411 ; Union Adlur, 1411 ; Union Democrat, 1411; Evangelical Messougor, 1412; Union Seminary, 1412. Newspapere : Mitllin Gazette, 607; Western Star, 508; Juniata Gazette, 608; Lewistown Gazette, 508; Milllin Gazette, 508; Milhiii aud Juniata Advertiser, .MiS ; MiJHin County Gazette and Farmers' and Mechanics' Jour- nal, 509 ; Milllin Kagle, 500 ; Lewistown Uc- pllblicaii and Workingmen's Advocate, 509; Tim True IV nine nil, .ViO ; The Deinocnit and iSeutiuel, ."jIu ; Democratic Sentinel, 510 ; Tlie Free Press, GlO ; The Aurora, 510 ; Newton Hamilton Watchman, 500 ; Flea-Bite, 500 ; Newton Hamilton Standard, 500; The Peo- ple's Friend, Oil ; Village Herald, GU ; Mc- Veytown Journal, Gil; MilHin Eagle, 722; Mifflin Advocate, 722; Juniata Telegraph and People's Advocate, 722 ; Juniata Joui-- nal, 722 ; Spirit of the Times and Democratic Press, 722 ; Juniata Times, 723 ; Pennsylva- nia Register, 723 ; Juniata R«gist«r, 723 ; TuBcarora Register, 723 ; True Democrat, 723; Democrat and Register, 723 ; Juniata Valley Berichter, 723 ; Juniata Aurora, and the Perry and Milllin County Advertiser, 723 ; Juniata Free Press, 723 ; Juniata Herald and Anti-Masonic Democrat, 723 ; Juniata Senti- nel, 723 ; Juniata Republican, 724 ; Juniata Sentinel and Republican, 724 ; Republican Banner, 724 ; Independent, 724 ; Juniata Tribune, 724 ; Port Royal Times, 804; Perry Forester, OGO ; Perry Co. Democrat, OOl ; Liv- erpool Mercury, 901 ; Perry Co. Freeman, 901 ; Newport News, 1125 ; Newport Gazette, 1125; People's Advocate and Press, 114u ; Millei-stown Gazette, 1142 ; Millerstowu Ledger, 1142; The Ledger, 1142; New- port Ledger, 1142 ; The News Letter, 12G5 ; Union Hickory, 12G5 ; Lewisburgh Journal, 1205 ; Lewisburgh Journal and Union County Advocate, 1205 ; Lewisburgh Democrat, 1205 ; Lewisbvrrgh Standard, 12G5 ; People's Advo- cate, 1205; Union Star, 12G5 ; Iiidttpendeut Press, 1265 ; Lewisburgh Chronicle, 1205 ; Lewisburgh Chronicle and Union County General Advertiser, 12G0; Lewisburgh Chroni- cle and the West Branch General Advertiser, 1200; Lewisburgh Clironicle and the West Branch Farmer, 12G0 ; Union County Star and Lewisburgh Chronicle, 12G0 ; The Humorist, 120C ; The Guardian, 12GG ; Lewis- burgh Democrat, 1200 ; Union Argus, 120G ; Lewisburgh Journal, 1207 ; The Saturday News, 1207 ; Lociil News, 1207 ; Science and Health, 12G7 ; The Union, 1374 ; Temperauct* Advocate and Family Visitor, 1374 ; Union (V.unty Star, 1374; Home Gazette, 1374: Lewisburgh Chronicle, 1374 ; Star and Chronicle, 1374 ; Union County Press, 1374 . Hilhinburg Telegraph, 1374; MiilHnburg Times, 1375 ; Selin's Grove Tijues, 1488 ; American Lutheran, 148H ; Courier, 1488 ; Tribune, 1488; New Berlin Gazette, 1411; I'luon Hickory, 1411 ; Anti-Masonic Star, 1411 ; Union Adlei-, 1411 ; Union Democrat, 1411; Evangelical Messengei', 1412; Volks- Freuud, U9o ; Tribune, 1490 ; Middleburg Post, 14011; Perry County Standard, 961. Newport Standard, 901 ; People's Advocate and Perry County Democratic Press, 901 ; The Times, 9G1 ; Perry Forester, 083 ; Dun- cannon Record, 1076 ; Liveriwol Mercury aud People's Advertiser, 1117 ; Liverpool Sun, Ills; Newport Standard, 1125; New- port Ledger, 1125 ; The Ledger, 1125. Nipple, Dr. H. M., 1455. Nipple, Dr. J. O., 1455. Nihlock, Dr. William, 022. Nipple, Dr. D,, 400. Norton & Selheimer, 722. North, Mrs. Jane H., 722. North, Herman 11. , G80. Noui-se, John T., G80. North, Calvin B., M,s8. O. Odd-Fellows : Lewistown Lodge, No. 97, 525 ; Lewistown Encampment, No. 250, 525 ; Bell Lodge, No. 141, 525; No. 213, of Milroy, 504; Aughwick Lodge, No. 472, 500; Mc- Veytown Lodge, No. 123, 012 ; Bright St;ir Lodge, No. 705, 612 ; Mitllintowu Lodge, No. 131, 724 ; Lost Creek Lodge, No. 500, 725 ; Tus- Ciixora Lodge (formerly Perry ville Lodge), No. 556, 804; McAlisterville Lodge, No. 716, 845; Sincerity Lodge, No. 357, 877 ; McWilliams Lodge, No. 702, of Richfield, 885 ; Mackinaw Lodge, No. 380, 958 ; Mount Dempsey Lodge, No. 172, of Lamlisburg, 985 ; No. 200 of Marysville, 1005 ; Evergreen Lodge, No. 205, of Duncannon, 1081 ; Newjiort Lodge, No. 102, 1120 ; Buffalo Valley Encampment, No. 157, 12G7 ; Lewisburgh Lodge, No. 96, 1268 ; Crescent Lodge, of Miffliuburg, 1375. Oakland Mills, 846. Oakes, John H., 1420n Oliver, Judge John, 594. Old Port Town, 779. Oliver Township ; erection of, 592 ; aasessment of 1830, 502 ; location, 593 ; early settlers, 593-508 ; Brookland Furnace, 508 ; Bjadley it Dull's saud-worke, 598 ; Dull & Wilson's i?and-works, 599 ; Lockport, 599 ; Strode's mills, 599 ; schools, 590 ; justices of the peace, GOO. Oliver township, Periy County : boundaries 1126 ; formation, 1126 ; early laud-owners, 1127 ; industries, 1127 . MarehaU Furnace, 1127 ; glue-factory, 1127 ; Bechtel's tan- nery, 1128 ; West Newport, 1128; East Newport, 1129; schools, 1129 ; cemetery, 1130. Orwig, Samuel Henry, 1216. Orris, Dr. H. 0., 931. Oiieutal, 894. Owens, Owen, 049. Owens family, 1093. Patterson, Captain Janies, 67.851. Patterson, Cai)tiiin William, 773. Patterson family, 852. Patter-son, John, 738. Pattei-sou's landing, 852. Pattei-son Borough : location, S05 ; the Pump- kin Flood, 805 ; erection of town, 805 ; HooU- aiid-LadderComi.Hiny, 800 ; tirat school board, 800; Evangelical Association Chui'ch, 806 ; roads and ferries, 807; participants of War of 1812, 807-808. I'attei-son, Dr. Edward Burke, 170. I'attel-son, Alfred J., GS8. Parker, Andrew, 684. Pawling, S. B., 1350. Parker, Ezra D., 087. Parker, Joseph W., 470. Pai-shall, Dr. John, 478. I'arks, B. T., 1439. Painter, 658. Patton, John, 704. Pa|ter-mill on Licking (.'reek, 770. Parcels, Waller A., 31.0., 490. Pidton, Jr., Beujaniiii, 408. Parker & Co., 721. Pellman, Oliver K., 1420r. Pellman, Samuel, 1420e. Pel ryvilh', 500, 802. Perry County Bjink, 048. Petel'S, Michael, 1392. Petei-s, Richard, letteron early settleLiit'nla and rt^-moval of trespassers, 847, 114G. I Petersburg, 1075. INDEX. 1509 Peru Mills, 735. Pennell, F. M. M., 690. Perry Forge, 106ti. Perry County geolofjy, 21-22. Perry County : Erection of county, 895 ; contest over county-seat, 835; meetings and sub- scriptions, 8915-898 ; county buildings, 899 ; election districts, 90l-'.iO2 ; civil-list of coun- ty, 902-9(^4 ; popiUiition, 906 ; bench and bar, 905-916 ; pbysicians, 916-934 ; education, 934-943 ; the press, 900-962 ; New Bloonifield borough, 943-962 ; Tyrone tp. 962-980; bor- ough of Landisburg, 980-985 ; Tobtiyne township, 985-996 ; Jackson township. 996- 1008; aiadison township, 1008-1033; Saville township, 1033-104G ; Carroll township, 1046-1057 ; Rye township, 1057-1062 ; bor- ough of Rlarysville, 1062-HtG7 ; Penn town- ship, 1067-1074 ; borough of Duncannon, 1074-1083 ; Centre township, 1083-1091 ; Wheatfield township, 1091-1096 ; Juniata township, 1096-1105 ; Tuscarora township, 1105-llHl; Liverpool township, 1110-1114; borough of Liverpool, 1114-1121 ; bor- ough of Newport, 1121-1126 ; Oliver township, 1126-1131 ; Miller township, 1131- 1134; Greenwood township, 1134-1140; bor- ough of Millerstown, 1140-1142 ; Buffalo township, 1142-1145 ; Spring township, 1145- 1162; Howe township, 1 162-116 1 ; Watts township, 1164-1168 ; borough of New Buf- falo, 1168-1170. Penn Township, Perry County: Topography, 1067 ; early settlements, 1067 ; Baskinsville, 1069 ; the Cove Forge, 1072 ; Duncannon Iron-Works, 1072 ; schools, ln73. Perry Township, 1522 ; erection of, 1522 ; Fre- mont, 1522; St, John's Lutheran and Re- formed Church, 1523 ; Emanuel Church, 1523 ; Arbogast Church, 1523 ; United Breth- ren Church, 1523 ; early settlers and mills, 1.523 ; Meiser family, 1523 ; Shodel family, 1524; elections, 1524; mills, 1524; Mount Pleasant Mills, 1525 ; Schnee family, 1525 ; schools, 1526. Penn Township, Snyder County, 1497 ; erection of, 1497 ; Indian narratives, 1497 ; pioneei"s of, 1498 ; Row and Geniberling families, 1498 ; Ulricb, Jtoyer and Miller families, 1499 ; inhabitants of, in 176S, 1501 ; inhabit- ants of, in 1785-1793, 1502 ; early officers of, 1502 ; Salem, 1.503 ; Kautz. 1503 ; mills, 1503 ; Row's Church, 15n4 ; justices of the peace, 1504. Pfoutz Valley, 113S. Pfoutz, John, 1138. Pfahler, Albert M., 1440. Physical features, 1-24. Phillips, William M., 443-444. Pierce, Dr. J. W., 695. Piper, Dr. Frederick A., 1233. Piper, Dr. John G., 1230. Piper*s, Captain, company. War of 1812, 128. Pleasant View, 793. Plunkott, Dr. William, 1226. Plette, J. Warren, 690. Port Royal Borough (Perryville) : incorpora- tion, 802 ; public schools, 802 ; Perryville Bridge Company, 802; churchefl, 803-804; bank, 804 ; Tuscarora Lodge, 804; Port Royal Times, 860 ; Airy View Academy, 8u5. Population of Mifflin County, 4Gm. Population of Juniata County, 067. Population of Perry County, 905. Population of Union County, 1 1 SI. Population of Snyder County, 1 168. Port Trevortou : laid out, 1576 ; Trevorton Coal & Railroad Company, 1576 ; United Brethren Church, 1576 ; Evangelical Associ- tion, 1576. Potter, N. I., 1441. Potter, Albert W., 1440. Port Royal, 779. Porter, General, in War of 1812, 126. Potter, General James, 105. Post, early trading, 27. Potter, Lewis, 913. Powers family, 10S6. Pontius. Dr. Benjamin T., 1232. Pontius, Emanuel, 1237. Pontius, John N. , 1304. Prothonotaries for Juniata County, 666. Price, Sergeant Thomas, 94. Purdy family, 816. Purdy, James, 816. Purdy, Dr. Nathaniel C, 1229. Quig, Dr. R. JL, 698. R. Rakerd, James C, 471. Railroads: Pennsylvania line, 439-443; Sunbury and Lewistown, 444-445 ; Selin's Grove and North Branch, 445-446 ; Susijuehanna Rail- road Company ^now Northern Central), 446 ; Lewishurgh and Tyrone, 446— 1-17 ; Mifflin and Centre County, 447 ; Shamokin, Sun- bury and Lewistown, 447 ; projected rail- roads, 447-448. Rebellion, War of the : part taken in by Union, Snyder, Juniata, Jlittlin and Perry, 151 ; troops from quintette, 152-153 ; Logan Guards, 153, 161 ; Lewistown and Pottsville Companies, 159 ; Second Regiment, 164 ; Fourth Regiment, 165; Seventh Regiment, 167 ; Eleventh Regiment, 168 ; Fourteenth Regiment, 170; Fifteenth Regiment, 170; Thirty-fourth Regiment, 170-177 ; Thirty- fifth Regiment, 177-183; Thirty-sixth Regi- ment, 183-188 ; Forty-second (known as the " Bucktails " or the Kane Rifle) Regiment, 1S8-193 ; Forty-third Regiment, 193 ; Forty- fourth Rt'giment, or First Cavalry, 193-203 ; Forty-fifth Regiment, 203-209 ; Forty-sixth Regiment, 209-216 ; Forty-seventh Regiment, 21G-227 ; Forty-ninth Regiment, 227-245 ; Fifty-fii-st Regiment, 24.5-261 ; Fifty-second Regiment, 26l-2(i4 ; Fifty-third Regiment, 264-275 ; Seventy-fourth Regiment, 275- 278 ; Seventy seventh Regiment, 278-282; Seventy eighth Regiment, 282-286 ; Eighty- third Regiment, 286; Ninety-second Regi- ment, 286-297; One Hundred and First Regi- ment, 297-303 ; One Hundred and Fourth Rpgiment, 303-305 ; One Hundred and Sixth Regiment, 305 ; One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, 305-310 ; One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment, 310-318 ; One Hun- dred and Twenty-sixth Regiment, 31S-323 ; One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment, 323- 333; One Hundred and Thirty third Regi- medt, 333-341 ; One Himdred and Forty- second Regiment, 341-:J44 ; One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment, 3M-848 ; One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment, 349-351; One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment, 351-353; One Hundred and Fifty-lirst Regiment, 353- 356 ; One Hundred and Sixty-first Rejriment. I 3&6-3C9 ; One Hniidred and Sixty-sciond Regiment, or Seventeenth Cavalry, 369-371; One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, 371-375 ; One Hundred and Eighty-first Regiment, 375-377 ; One Hundied and Eighty-fourth Regiment, 377-381 ; One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Regiment, 381- 384 ; One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Regiment, 384 ; One Hundred and Ninety- fourth Regiment, 3S4-3SG ; One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Regiment, 386 ; Two Hundred and Fii-st Regiment, 386 ; Two Hundred ami Second Regiment, 386-389: Two Hundn-d and Fifth Regiment, 389-395 ; Two Uundrt;d and Eighth Regiment, 39.5-407 ; Two Hun- dred and Tenth Regiment, 407-411; Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment, 411 ; Emergency Troops, 411-412 ; Twenty-Eighth Regiment Emergency, 412^14 ; one hun- dred days' men (1S64| Perry County, 414 ; miscellaneous soldiers, 414-415 ; Third Ar- tillery, 415 ; U. S. Regular Army, 415 ; sur- geons, 415; hospital stewards, 415; Foui- teenth Regiment, 415 ; Fifteenth Regiment, 415. Reed, Andrew, 470. Reed, Judge John, 680. Keed, Hon. John, 905. Reed's Gap, 746. Reedsville, 643. Reichart, Dr. William, 1232. Reider family, 1121. Reiderville, 1121. Reinhold, Dr., 486, 699. Registei-s aod recorders for Juniata County, 666. Rengler, Daniel, 1302. Revolution, War of the, S3 ; oppressions of England, 84 ; letters from Philadelphia, S4 ; act of Congress, 87; Captain William Hen- dricks' company, 88 ; Captain John Lowdon, 89 ; Lieutenant James Parr, 89 ; journal Major William, 91 ; roster Lowdon's com- pany, 91 ; roster BaiT's company, 92 ; roster Wcitzel's company, 9;J ; Sergeant Price, 94 ; Associat«rs of Buffalo and Penn's townships, 95; roster Clarke's company, 95; Banks recollections, 96 ; Captain John Hamilton, '.'•; ; Seventh Battalion roster, 96 ; Captain Wil- liam Bratton, 97 ; 3Iajor John Kelly, 97 ; roster Twelfth Regiment, 98 ; Samuel Brady, 99; roster Selin's company, 99; Revolution aftaire on the frontier, 100 ; Indian invasion, 100 ; the Eleven militia companies, lou ; proceedings of the Northnmberlaud Com- mittee of Safety, lOl ; John Hambright's letter, 103 ; division of ammunition, 103 ; scarcity of salt, lf)3 ; roster of Weiser's com- pany, 104 ; increased vigi lance on the frontier, 104 ; Blajor Kelly, the Bradys and Boone forts built, HH ; Fort Freeland, 105 ; regular troops marched to the protection i>f settlements, 109 ; death of James and John Brady, 109 ; the great runaway, Hi7 ; Tories and Tory schemes, 114 ; last year of the war, 116 ; Robinson's company roster, 1 16 ; roster Peter Grove and Samuel McGrady's company, 116; First Battalion Northumberland, 117; surrender of Cornwallis, 117 ; sundry Ri-v- olution soldiers, 117 (note) ; soldiers residing in Union County in 1820, 118; soldiers in Perr>- County, 120. Reyucr, Dr. William B , 1232. Reynolds, Dr. J. Cromwell, 479. Reynolds, David, 527. Reulter. Dr. G. N., 932. Reys. Zachary, 969. 1600 INDEX. Eheam. Dr. John C, 486. Khuad3,Dr. Henry W., 1231. Rhoddy family, 964. Rice family, 1037. Kice, John F., 808. Rioe (German Reis) family, 777. Richfield, 884. Riddle, Judge Jamea, 4G3. Rishel, George P., M.D., 490. Rivers and navigation : Improvement of Sus- quehiinna River, 432 ; Sherman's Creek, 432 -433 ; Swatara and West Branch, 434 ; Juni- ata River, 434; arks, 43t; Penn's Cieek, 435 ; boating, 437. Roan, Flavel, 1246. Robinson, Colonel John K., 35G-358. Robinson family, 756. Robison, Hugh, captured by Indians, 71. Robison, Albert, 690. Robison family, 1011. Robison, Fort, 1011. Rock, 7-10. Roddy family, 1013. Roddy family, 1002. Rodgers, Dr., 925. Rogers, Captain Matthew, 123. Rouk, Philip, 857. Rothrock, Abraham, ai.D., 477, 478. Rothrock, George, 545. Rotbrock, Rev. Joseph, 541. Rothrock, Dr. John, 1231. Rotbrock, John, 545. Rotbrock, Joseph, 821. Rotbrock, Joseph Trimble, M.D., 478. Rothrock, Samuel H., M.D., 476. Rothrock, Dr. Isaac, 1445. Rothrock, Dr. 31,, 1459. Rutbrock, Dr. Roswell, 1446. Rote family, 1392. Ross, J. H., 132. Ross, J. Sargeant, 090. Rouse, John, 1045. Royal Arcanum, Lewisburgh Council, No. 948, 1268. Ruhl, Philip, 1195. Rulde, Mathias, 555. Runaway, the Great, 107. Rye Township : Erection of, 1057 ; assessments of 1766, 1057 ; early settlers, 1059 ; mills, 1061 ; Keystone, 1061 ; Grier's Point, 1061 ; schools, 1061 ; churches, 10G2. S. Sahni, Dr. William Tritle Kopp, 097. Sampsel, Dr. J. W., 14.57. . Sampsel, Dr. D. 31., 1232. Sandoe, Dr. Jacob, 098. Saville Township : dimensions, 1031 ; taxables in 1820, 1033 ; early locations, 1034 ; churches, 1039 ; early schools, 1039; Ickesburg, 1040; churches, 1042 ; Eschol, 1043 ; churches, 1043 ; biograghical, 1044-1046. Schnffle, Samuel Wilson Wykoff, 1288. Schnure, George, 14.'^5. Schnable, George, 1193. Schwartz, Fort, 105. School, Juniata Valley Normal, 936. (Schools will lie found under the heads of the townships in whiob they are located.) School superintendents of Juniata County, 666. School superintendents, Perry County, 939. Schorf, William P., 1440. SchoU, Rev. Jacob, 1158. Schoch, G. Alfied, 1495. Schoch, Martin L., 1224, Schoch, John A., 1563. Schnure, John C, 1397. Schuyler, Dr., 1232. Scott, General, in the War of 1812, 125. Seebold, Dr. William F., 1232. Seebold, Dr. John P., 1233. Seip, Dr. J. W.. 1460. Selin, 345-346. Sellers family, 881. Selin's Grove Rifle Volunteers in 1812, 129. Sellers family, 870. Selheimer, Colonel John B., 159. Selin. Captain Anthony, 99. Selin's Grove : Borough of, 1468 ; early settlers in 1468; massacre by the Indians in, 146S ; first settlement in, 1409 ; Isle of Que, at, 1469 ; plan of, 1470 ; pioneer settlers, 1470; Captain Benjamiu Weiser, John and Simon Snyder, and Anthony Selin, 1470 ; lot- tery in, 1470 ; inhabitants in 1802 in, 1471 ; business interests in 1820 in, 1471 ; incorpo- rated in a borough, 1471 ; business interests in, 1S36 ; Firet Church, Union Church, 1472 ; first Lutheran, 1472; Relortned Church, 1473; Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1474 ; Jleth- odist Episcopal Churoh, 1474; Baptist Church, 1474; roads in, 1474; schools in, 1475 ; 3Iissionary Institute, 1475 ; Susque- hanna Female College, 1477 ; musical, 1477 ; Simon Snyder, 1478 ; 31ary Kittera Snyder, 1480; Snyder mansion, 1481 ; dedication of Snyder monument, 1482 ; big fires, 1483 ; water-works, 14S3 ; business interests, 1484 ; Banks : First National, 1485 ; Snyder County Bank, 1488 ; George Schnure, 1485 ; Calvin B. North, 14S8 ; Newspapers : Selin's Grove Times, 148S ; American Lutheran, 1488 ; Courier, 1488; Tribune, 14S8 ; Selin's Grove I)riving and Park Association, 1488 ; Agri- cultural Society, 1488 ; Societies, 1489 ; post- masters, 1489 ; justices of the peace, 1489. Seminary, 642. Sermon, first, in Tuscarora Valley, 742. Settlements, early, 53 ; Frederick Star in 1740, 53 ; Richard Peters' letter, 53 ; driving out settlers 1743, ' 54 ; lands purchased from Indians, 54-55 ; Squatters, 55 ; settlers from 1745-48, 56 ; letter to Peters, 50 ; firet white woman in Kishacoquillas Valley, 57. ShaefTer, Dr. J. C, 1452. Sharun, James, 815. Sharon family, 836. Shaffer, John AV., 1292. Shaffer, William Ogden, 1223. Shaw, John W., 409. Shaeffer, Dr. A. IL, 489. Shellenberger family, 88"). Shellenberger, Dr. Blicbael, 094. Sheets, Dr. John W., 1455. Sheeder, Dr. J. C, 924. Sheibley, Dr. James P.. 924. Sheibley family, 969. Sheriffs for Juniata County, G65. Shelly, Dr. A. W., 698. Shellenberger, John, 836. Shikelliniy's home, 1331. Shindel, J. G. L., 1428. Shine, Dr. S. D., 1400. Shindel, Dr. John Y., 1451. Shindel, Dr. Isaac N., 1446. Sliernuinsdale, 1052. Short, William, 737. Shriner, Joseph W., 1308. Shuman family, 1038. Shuiuan, Dr. JohTi C, 1457. Siglerville, 564. Sigler, George, .Ir., an Indian captive, 554, 655. Silk culture in Perry County, 1001. Siebert, Martin Neilson, 913. Simes, James, 808. Simpson, Rev. James, 512. Simpson, Anthony C, 1434. Simpson, F. 8., 1442. Simonton, Charles Wiggins, 1196. Singer, Dr. Joshua E., 928. Slenker, Isaac, 1204. Slifer, Eli, 1290. Smiley family, 1047. Smiley, Hon. Charles H., 914. Smith, Dr. A. 31.. 1455. Smith, Jacob A., 1430. Smith, Thomas J., 1438. Smith, Dr. H. J., 1460. Smith, Samuel, 478. Smiih, Dr. Samuel, 486. Smith, Oliver P., 577. Smith, Dr. D. C, 490. Smith, Dr. James, 1230. Smith, Dr. William, 690. Smith, Dr. William, 699. Smyth, General Alexander, in war of 1812, 122. Snowden, Dr. Isaac, 917. Snowden, Dr. L. G. 480. Snowden, Dr. Isaac W., 694. Snyder, Governor Simon, 1478. Snyder, 3Iartin L., 1442. Snyder, 3Iary Kittera, 1480. Snyder County Agricultural Society, 1465. Snyder, Jeremiah, 1438. Snyder, John Q., 1119. Snyder, Captain John, 129. Snyder, Governor Simon, orders from during the war, of 1812, 121, 125. Snyder County, g^eblogy of, 22-23. Snyder, Colonel, 122. Snyder Spring Oil Company, 1039. Society, Juniata County Agricultural. Society, Perry County Sledical, 932. Soldiers fi'oni Union County, 151. Soldiers' OiT)haus" School, 845. Soils, 10. Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. Soradoville, 058. Snyder County : Organization of, 1421; loca- tion of county-seat of, 1421 ; an act to change county-seat of, 1421 ; court-house of, 1422 ; civil-list of, 1423; bench and bar of, 1424; pres- ident judges of, 1424 ; associate judges of, 1424; attorneys of, 1431 ; medical profession of, 1443 ; educational mattei-s in, 1460 ; sup- erintendents of schools in, 1463 ; Teachers' Institute of, 1463 ; Agricultural Society of. Patrons 1465 ; Patrons of Husbandry, 1460 ; Selin's Grove, 1468-1497 ; renn'stownship, 14 97-1504 ; Beaver township, 1504-1614 ; West Beaver township, 1514-1518; Centre town- ship, 1518-1522 ; Perry township, 1522-1527 ; West Perry township, 1527-1530 ; Washing- ton township, 1530-1547 ; Chapman township, 1547-1554 ; 3Iiddle Creek twp., 1554-1567 ; Franklin township, 1557-1569 ; Jackson 'ownship, 1569-1572 ; Union township, 1572- 1576 ; Jlonroe township, 1576-1580 ; Adaius township, 1580-1580 ; Spring township, 158G- 1590. Spaniards, 25. Speddy, William, 1313. Speedy, William, 755. Speth, I'r. William F., 489. Specht, 3Iosc8, 1512. Speck, Dr. Joseph. 921. Springman, Augustus, 1545. Spring townshij) : erection of, 1586 ; early lo cations. 1146; Kirkpatrick's claim, 1146- I^'DEX. 1601 lUa ; Elliottsburg, 1151 ; curly settlers, 1150; Oak Grove Furnace, 115G; Lebo, 1157; churchee, ll:iS-llf.n ; schools, 116U ; biogmphiciil, llOO. SponsK-r A .lunklii, I'll'. SponsliT, William Ak-xaTider, 010. Strickler, Mekbii.r B., M.D.,927. Society, Perry County Historical, 058. Society, Union County ,\gricultura!, 1231 Spotts, Jos., Sr., l;i:io. Spruce Hill, TOO. Spruce Hill Township : formiition of, 701 ; early settlers, 702 ; Villiani Stewart, 702 ; I'lelisant View. TO.'J ; Baptist Church, 70.i ; the Gray family. 797; Spruce Hill schools, 708 ; Gr.iy land ligations, 798-801. Spyker, Henry. 1250. Star, Frederick, 847. Stadden, Wni., l:il9. Slambaugh, Henry A., 818. Stanford, Jacob, lo7. Stean, Dr. John Charlton, 1231. Steever, Michael, 132. Steel, David, C47. Steele, Dr. F. C, 032. Steesc, John V., 1442. Stees, Dr. A. C, 918. Stern, Dr. Jacob, 123:1. Stephens family, 1000. Stephens, Alexander H., 10C9. Stephenson, George, letter, 115. Stevens, Kev. Matthew, 512. Stewart family, 1083. Stewart family, 1091. Stewart, E. C, 688. Stewart, Lieutenan-Colonel George, 785. Stewart, William, killing of, by Indians, 702. Stewart, David, 1111. Stewart, William, 860. Stewart family, 800. Stewart, R. H., 014. Sterrett. Hon. James P., 680. Stcrrett, lialph. 784. Sterrett, Woods, M.D., 490. Sterrett. Dr. John P., 696. Stites, Dr. .Samuel, 918. StiMwell. Joseph, 1193. Stone, D. D., 080. Strohecker, Dr.. J. T., 1459. Strode's Mills, 599. Strode, Isaac, 640. St. CTair's defeat, 816. St. Tammany's Town, 779. Strohm, William H., 471. Strohecker, Dr. Samuel, 1227. Stroup family. 6.55. Stroup, John, 6.55. Stroup, Sarah, 655. Stroup, Sophia K., 655. Strxjup, Susan H., 656. Stroup, David .\., 050. Stroup. ilartin Luther, 656. Stroup. John L., 6.56. Sturgeon family. 821. Stuetzel, Ludwig, 1420q. Snloff, Dr. Samuel A., 698. Susquehanna township; boundariea, 891 ; churches, 893 ; Oriental, 894 ; schools, 894 ; looundarie3, 711: first assessment, 741 ; early settlers, 741 ; Beale- town, 742 ; Honey Grove, 742 ; Liberty Val. ley. 743: Bigham Gap, 713; Harvest-Home Picnic, 743; Waterford. 741; East Water- ford, 745 ; M. E. Church, 745 ; Presbyterian, 745; McCoysville, 746; Reed's Gap, 746; Wesley M. E. Chapel. 746 ; 'N'an Swearingen's, 747; Blue Jacket, 747 ; McCovsville United Presbyterian Church, 747 ; Bigham's Fort, 748 : John McDonald, 748 ; public schools, 749. Tyrone Township : erection of, 963 ; early as- ses^ments, 963 ; early settlers, 903-970 ; Bethel Church, 970; Loysville Orphans' Home, 970 ; biographical, 070-975 ; Loyw- viUe, 975 ; churches, 976-978 ; Green Park, 978 ; schools, 978 ; biographical, 979-980. V. Ubie, Captain, John, 129. Ulrich, Charles P.. 1441. 3 ; boun- 773 ; St. Union County: erection of Northumberland and Union Counties, 1171 ; early settlers 1173 ; erection ipf Buffalo township, 1 173 ; lo- cation of county-seat, 1175: early courts, 1176 ; contest over county division, 1177 ; Lewisburgli scat of justice, 1178 ; civil-list of county, 1179-1183; population of county, 1183; bent-hand bar, 1183; medical profes- sion, 1226 ; The Borough of Lewisburgh 1239-1292 ; Bnft'alo township, 1202-1310 ; East Buffalo township, 1310-1320; Kelly townsliip, 1330-1340 ; White Deer township; 1340-1354 ; West Buffalo township, 13.54-130i' Mifflinburg, 1362-1370 ; Hartley township, 1379-1397 ; The Borough of Hartleton, 1307- 1399 ; Lewis township, 1300-1407 ; New Ber- lin township, 1407-1415 ; Limestone town- ship, 1415-1420 h ; Gregg township, 1420 h- 1420 r. Union township. Snyder County, 1573 ; erection of, 1573 ; Witmer family, 1573 ; Blasser and ShoUey families, 1574 ; Colonel Thomas Hoff. man, 1575 ; Lieutenant Jacob Hoffman, 1575 ; Church of the Evangelical Association, 1575 ; Zion's Church, 1575 ; Keiser's Church, 1575 ; schools, 1575 ; Port Treverton, 1576. Union township. Union County ; Formation, 13-20 ; early settlers, 13'21 ; Indian raids, 1321; Union Furnace, 1325 ; schools, 1330 ; churches, 1330. Union township, Mifflin County : Descrip- tion of, 617; assessment roll in 1791, 617,; early locations, 017-025 ; schools, 025 ; Belle- ville, 626-627 ; Mechanicsville, 627 ; St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, 627 ; Kishacoquillas Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 028 ; biographical, 628-6:)3 ; mills and tanneries, 0-24. Union Pipe Line Company, 1336. Union County geology, 23-24. Univei-sity of Lewisburgh, 1281. Upper Fort, 105. Uttley, Thomas M., 471. V. Van Campen, Major, 105. Van Dyke, 804. Van Dyke, Thomas Kittera, 1225. Van Gezer, Williiim, 1200. Van Gundy, Christian, 1242. Van Swearingen's family. 747. Van Rensselaer, General, 122. Van Valzah family, 1'226. Van Valzah, Johnson Walls, 1225. Van Valzah, Dr. Robert, 1226. Van Valzah, Thomas, M.D., 481. Van Wert, 805. Valley origin, 13-17. Vorse, Dr. Isaac 1227. 'W. Wagenseller, Ilr. Frank J., 1457. WagenselUr, Dr. Benjamin F.. 14,52. Wagenseller, Dr. Peter R., 1447. Wagenseller, Dr. Jacob, 1445. AVaggoner family, 1014. Wagner, Dr. J. 0., 1459. Wagner, , 658. Wagner, George, 1161. Walker township: boundaries, 846; cariy set- tlement, 846 ; Frederick Star, early settler, 847 ; removal of settlers, 847-849 ; Patterson Landing, 8.52; early settlers, 849-859; churches, 8.59-S60 ; schooh), SCO ; Mexico, 801: New Mexico, 861 ; churches, 862 ; Mifflin- burg or Taylorville, 863 : 5Iount Pleasant, 1602 ^ijIDEX. 864; Centreviils or Van Dyke, 864; Vau Wort, 865 ; Davis Lock, 865. Walls, Frederick, 1092. Wallis, Dr. J. W., (J96. Walls, Hon. John, 1196. Walkor, David, 8.')6. Walker, Judge, Jonathan, 4G3. Walnut, 7So. Walter, Dr. Eyer, 12.31. Walters, Henry J., 470. War of 1812 ; declaration of wav, 120 ; general order by Governor Snyder, 121; Jared Ir- win'BConipany, 121 ; MiOlinC'ounty in Warof 1812, Juniata Gazette, 121 ; MiUikin's troop, 121 ; Captain John Donaldson, 122 ; Captain Ner Middleswarth, 122 ; Colonel James Ir- win, 122 ; roster Danaldson's company, 122 ; roster Middleswarth's company, 122 ; Juniata Gazette, 123 ; roster of Captain Matthew Rodgers' company, 123 ; William P. KUiot, 123 (note) ; Andrew Bratton's company, 124 ; Captain Frederick Evans, 124 ; Generals Scott and Brown, 125 ; Col- onel Bull and Miijor Galloway, 125 ; Lieu- tenant Brady, 125 ; battle of Chippewa 125 ; Major Galloway and Colonel Bull, 126 ; David Moreland's company, 127 ; James Piper's company, 128 ; Landisburg Infantry Company, 128 ; Lieutenant-Colonel George Weirick's detachment, 129; roster Seli'i's Grove Rifle Volunteers, 129 ; Union Rifle "Volunteers, 129; roster Captain Jacob Hummers company, 130 ; roster Captain Henry Miller's company, 130 ; roster Cap- tain Valentine Haas' company, 131 ; Cap- tain John Bergstresser'a company, roster, 131 ; roster of William F. Buyers' company, 131. Warner, Dr. A. J., 921. Washington Township, 1530 ; erection of, 1530; iron ore in 1530 ; elections in, 1531 ; covered biidges, 1531 ; early settlers, 1531 ; Frederick Albright, 1531 ; Peter Straub, 1531 ; grist- mills, 1531 ; tanneries, 1532 ; distilleries, 1532 ; churches, 1532 ; schools, 1532 ; Pallas, 1642. Waterford, 7-14. Waterford, East, 745. Waterloo, 737. Watts family, 882, 987. Watson, Dr. William, 475. Watts, Hon. Frederick, 081, ■ Watts, Judge, 908. Watts, General Frederick, 1167. Watts Township ; location, 11G4 • first settler;^, 11G4 ; Marcus Hulings and famil.v, 1160 ; General Frederick Watts, 1167 ; churches, 1167; schools, 1108. Wayland, Michael, 1333. Wayne Guards, 14'J. Wayne Township : erection of, 579 ; early as- sessments, 579-581 ; early settlers, 581-580 ; Church of the United Brethren, 586 ; justices of the peace, 580 ; schools, 586 ; Manayunk, 587 ; Atkinson's mills, 587 ; Enterprise Sand- AVorks, 587 ; Matilda Furnace, 587. Weirick, Lieutenant-Colonel George, 129. Weirich, Dr Thomas, 1232, Weirich, Samuel, 1432. Weist, John, 1543. Weidman, Dr. J. C, 698. Wehr, Solomon F., M.D., 489. Weiser, Dr. George B., 1457. Weiser, Captain Benjamin, 104. Weitzel, Captain Casper, 93. Wert family, 1136. West Beaver township, 1514 ; erection of, 1514; list of inhabitants, 1514 ; Cannersville, 1515; churches, 1515; McClure, 1516; mills, 1516 ; Grand Army Post, 1517. West Buftalo township; formation of, 135 ' ; early settlers, 1354 ; inhabitants in 1796, 1358; schools, 1359; Forest Hill, 1360 ; bio- graphical, 1361. West I'erry township, 1527 ; erection of, 1527 ; Graybill family, 1528; Blennonite Church, 1528 ; Evangelical Association, 1528 ; United Brethren Church, 1528 ; schools, 1528. West family, 1154. West Newport, 1128. Westhoveu, Dr., 485. Weymer, Dr. C. L., 690. Wharton, Dr. Samuel, 798. Wheatfield towusliip : location, 1091 ; land- owners in 1828, 1091 ; early locations, 1092 ; Montabello Furnace, 1093 ; Flo Forge, 1094 ; churches, 1096 ; schools, 1096. White Deer township: formation, 1340 ; early settlers, 1341 ; mills, 1343 ; iron-works, 1344 ; massacre of Sample and wife, 1344 ; schools, 134G ; cliurches, 134G ; biographical, 1347. White Deer Mills, 1343. White Deer Woolen-Mills, 1343. White Hall, 637. Whiteside, Dr. Thomas, 094. White, William, 853. Wbitmer family, 892. Williard, Rev. Philip, 973. Williams, General Edward C, 288-291. Willis, Colonel William, 390-392. Willig, Dr. Lewis P., G99. William, Major E., 91. Wilson, Dr. Charles, 1446 Wilson, Abraham S., 1424. Wilson, W. S., 689. Wilson, Abraham Scott, 1190. Wilson, Thomas, 131G. Wilson, Dr. Thomas Howard, 1228. Wilson, Dr. Charles, 12.33. Wilson, Hon. Hugh, 1192. Wilson, James, 1320. Wilson, Hon, Abraham Scott, 4G4, 465. Wilson, Dr. Henry M. , 1234. Wilson, Dr. W. S., 490. Wilson family, 801, 1392. Wilson, Nathaniel C.,472. Wilson captives, 641. Wilson, John W., 628-632, Wilson, William Forstcr, 1199. Wilts family, 1393. Wingert, Dr. John F., 922. Witmer, Daniel, 1426. Womer, Dr, II, F,, 921, 1457. Wolfe, Jonathan, 1253, Wolfe, George Wendell, 1317, Wolfe, Charles Spyker, 1218, Woods, David Walker, 409, M'oods, Hon, Samuel S,. 45G, 1190, 1424. Woods, Joseph M., 472, Woods, Lieutenant James S,, 133, Woods, George, 733, Woods, Rev, James Sterrett, D,D,, 514, 615, Woodward, George W,, 404, Worrall, Thomas A,, I\I,D,, 483, Wright, Dr, John, 920, Wright, John, 704. Wright, Jacob, 704, Wright, Silas, 941. Yeager, George E., 090. Yeageitown, village of, 539, Yoder, Moses, 1347. Youngman, Elias, 13C3. Zeigler, George M., 1432, yJ^ ^WA 'X ^^ .^• ^%S: IN- \*':- i^M- .'-.A/: Sk ""■ y. M/ l;^s ■.y,-' ^«,^%s-^ •= V k*-. :%^ •;j^\ ?W'''-^-v'.' ■■«»' ^^ ■-:^' -^ t^ ^n fif 3*~ ^ /':>- ^ ':^' - - '^1^ y ,-^\. :5s n,- ■^ )^^c^'^f^/^;' '-, - ■ ^^'%~S.-,.:^^^ :VU^ <^^^^r 1% '^"^ jisiy -?v \ 3 ',,■:,, ■-'^VTr^':^;' Mm 1 1 k • ' "^ ^ . , , ». I, . '»> .«. '• ■'" ?2 .»k: .'t-^ rv.ft' • v.. • I I :"^:TJ^^:vA'^!l